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Trang 1pasta 226 pavement
finished 쑗 He has spent the past year
working in France 쑗 The time for
talk-ing is past – what we need is action 쐽
noun the time before now 쑗 In the past
we always had an office party just
be-fore Christmas.
pasta
pasta / pstə/ noun an Italian food
made of flour and water, and sometimes
eggs, cooked by boiling, and eaten with
oil or sauce (NOTE: no plural: some
pas-ta, a bowl of pasta; note that pasta
takes a singular verb: the pasta is very
good here)
paste
paste /pest/ noun 1 a thin liquid glue 쑗
Spread the paste evenly over the back of
the wallpaper 2. soft food 쑗 Mix the
flour, eggs and milk to a smooth paste 쑗
Add tomato paste to the soup 쐽 verb to
glue something such as paper 쑗 She
pasted a sheet of coloured paper over
the front of the box 쑗 He pasted the
postcards into his scrapbook 쒁 cut
pastry
pastry / pestri/ noun a mixture of flour,
fat and water, used to make pies 쑗 She
was in the kitchen making pastry.
pat
pat /pt/ noun a gentle touch with the
hand 쑗 I didn’t hit her – I just gave her
a little pat 쐽 verb to give someone or
something a pat 쑗 He patted his pocket
to make sure that his wallet was still
there (NOTE: pats – patting – patted)
앳 to pat someone on the back to
praise someone 앳 a pat on the back
praise 쑗 The committee got a pat on the
back for having organised the show so
well.
patch
patch / ptʃ/ noun 1 a small piece of
material used for covering up a hole,
e.g in clothes 쑗 His mother sewed a
patch over the hole in his trousers 2 a
small area of something 쑗 They built a
shed on a patch of ground by the railway
line 쑗 There’s a patch of rust on the car
door.
path
path /
ing 쑗 There’s a path across the field 쑗
Follow the path until you get to the sea.
pathetic
pathetic /pə θetk/ adjective making
you feel either sympathy or a lack of
re-spect 쑗 He made a pathetic attempt at a
joke 쑗 She looked a pathetic figure
standing in the rain.
patience
patience / peʃ(ə)ns/ noun the quality
of being patient 쑗 With a little patience, you’ll soon learn how to ride a bike 쑗 I don’t have the patience to wait that long.
patient
patient / peʃ(ə)nt/ adjective the ability
to wait a long time without getting
an-noyed 쑗 You must be patient – you will get served in time 쐽 noun a sick person who is in hospital or who is being
treat-ed by a doctor, dentist, psychiatrist, etc
쑗 There are three other patients in the ward 쑗 The nurse is trying to take the patient’s temperature.
patiently
patiently / peʃ(ə)ntli/ adverb without getting annoyed
patrol
patrol /pə trəυl/ noun 1 the act of
keep-ing guard by walkkeep-ing or drivkeep-ing in one
direction and then back again 쑗 They make regular patrols round the walls of the prison 쑗 He was on patrol in the centre of town when he saw some youths
running away from a bank 2 a group of
people keeping guard 쑗 Each time a pa-trol went past we hid behind a wall 쐽
verb to keep guard on a place by
walk-ing or drivwalk-ing up and down 쑗 Armed se-curity guards are patrolling the ware-house (NOTE: patrols – patrolling – patrolled)
pattern
pattern / pt(ə)n/ noun 1 instructions
which you follow to make something 쑗
She copied a pattern from a magazine to
knit her son a pullover 2 a design of
something, e.g lines or flowers,
repeat-ed again and again on cloth, wallpaper,
etc 쑗 She was wearing a coat with a pattern of black and white spots 쑗 Do you like the pattern on our new carpet?
pause
pause /
period of activity such as work 쑗 He read his speech slowly, with plenty of pauses 쑗 Take a short pause after every
100 steps 쐽verb to stop or rest for a
short time before continuing 쑗 She paused for a second to look at her watch.
pavement
pavement / pevmənt/ noun 1 a hard
path for people to walk on at the side of
a road 쑗 Walk on the pavement, not in the road 쑗 Look out; the pavement is
covered with ice! 2 US a hard road
sur-face
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paw
paw /
as a cat or dog 쑗 The bear held the fish
in its paws.
pay
pay /pe/ noun the money you receive for
working 쑗 They’re on strike for more
pay 쑗 I can’t afford luxuries on my
mis-erable pay 쐽verb 1 to give someone
money for something 쑗 How much did
you pay for your car? 쑗 We pay £100 a
week in rent 쑗 Please pay the waiter for
your drinks 쑗 She paid him £10 for his
old bike 2. to give money to someone
for doing something 쑗 We pay
secretar-ies £10 an hour 쑗 I paid them one
pound each for washing the car 쑗 I’ll
pay you a pound to wash my car (NOTE:
You pay someone to wash the car
before he or she washes it, but you
pay someone for washing the car
af-ter he or she has washed it pays –
paying – paid /ped/)
pay back phrasal verb to give
some-one msome-oney which you owe them 쑗 He
borrowed £10 last week and hasn’t paid
me back.
pay up phrasal verb to pay all the
mon-ey which you owe 쑗 The tourist paid up
quickly when the taxi driver called the
police.
payment
payment / pemənt/ noun the fact of
giving money for something 쑗 I make
regular monthly payments into her
ac-count 쑗 She made a payment of
£10,000 to the solicitor.
pea
pea /
the round green seeds are eaten as
vege-tables
peace
peace /
ing at war 쑗 The UN troops are trying to
keep the peace in the area 쑗 Both sides
are hoping to reach a peace settlement.
2 a calm quiet state 쑗 Noisy
motorcy-cles ruin the peace and quiet of the
vil-lage.
peaceful
peaceful /
because there is very little noise or
ac-tivity 쑗 We spent a peaceful afternoon
by the river.
peach
peach /
large stone and very soft skin 쑗 We had
peaches and cream for dessert.
peak
peak /
쑗 Can you see that snow-covered peak
in the distance? 2 the highest point 쑗
The team has to reach a peak of fitness before the match 쑗 The graph shows the peaks and troughs of pollution over
the last month 3 the front part of a cap,
which sticks out 쑗 He wore a white cap with a dark blue peak.
peanut
peanut /
under the ground in a shell pear
pear /peə/ noun a fruit like a long apple, with one end wider than the other pearl
pearl /
jewel formed inside an oyster 쑗 She wore a string of pearls which her grand-mother had given her.
pebble
pebble / peb(ə)l/ noun a small round stone
peculiar
There’s a peculiar smell coming from the kitchen 쑗 It’s peculiar that she
nev-er opens the curtains in hnev-er house.
pedal
pedal / ped(ə)l/ noun 1 an object
worked by the foot to make a machine
operate 쑗 If you want to stop the car put
your foot down on the brake pedal 2 a
flat rest which you press down on with your foot to make a bicycle go forwards
쑗 He stood up on the pedals to make the bike go up the hill 쐽 verb to make a
bi-cycle go by pushing on the pedals 쑗 He had to pedal hard to get up the hill.
(NOTE: pedals – pedalling – ped-alled)
pedestrian
pedestrian /pə destriən/ noun a person who walks, rather than drives along, in a
street 쑗 Two pedestrians were also in-jured in the accident.
peel
peel /
a vegetable 쑗 Throw the banana peel into the rubbish bin 쑗 This orange has got very thick peel (NOTE: no plural) 쐽
verb to take the outer skin off a fruit or
a vegetable 쑗 He was peeling a banana.
쑗 If the potatoes are very small you can boil them without peeling them.
peer
peer /pə/ noun a member of the a high
social class in the UK 쑗 Peers sit in the House of Lords.
peg
peg / pe'/ noun 1 a small wooden or
met-al object used for holding something in
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place 쑗 The children hang their coats on
pegs in the cloakroom 쑗 They used no
nails in building the roof – it is all held
together with wooden pegs 2 왍 clothes
peg little wooden clip, used to attach
wet clothes to a washing line 쐽 verb to
attach something with a peg 쑗 She
pegged the washing out on the line.
(NOTE: pegs – pegging – pegged)
pen
pen /pen/ noun an object for writing
with, using ink 쑗 I’ve lost my red pen –
can I borrow yours? 쑗 If you haven’t got
a pen you can always write in pencil.
penalty
penalty / pen(ə)lti/ noun a punishment
쑗 The maximum penalty for this offence
is two years’ imprisonment (NOTE: The
plural is penalties.)
pencil
pencil / pensəl/ noun an object for
writ-ing or drawwrit-ing with, made of wood,
with a long piece of black or coloured
material through the middle
penny
penny / peni/ noun the smallest British
coin, one hundredth of a pound 쑗 It cost
£4.99, so I paid with a £5 note and got a
penny change 쑗 I came out without my
purse and I haven’t got a penny on me.
(NOTE: The plural is pennies or pence.
Pennies is used to refer to several
coins, but pence refers to the price In
prices, pence is always written p and
often said as /
costs 60p.: say ‘sixty p’ or ‘sixty
pence’.) 앳 not have a penny not have
any money
pension
pension / penʃən/ noun money paid
regularly, e.g to someone who has
re-tired from work 쑗 He has a good
pen-sion from his firm 쑗 She finds her
pen-sion is not enough to live on.
people
people /
children considered as a group 쑗 There
were at least twenty people waiting to
see the doctor 쑗 So many people
want-ed to see the film that there were queues
every night 쑗 A group of people from
our office went to Paris by train.
pepper
pepper / pepə/ noun 1 a strong-tasting
powder used in cooking, made from the
whole seeds of a plant (black pepper) or
from seeds with the outer layer removed
(white pepper) 쑗 Add salt and pepper to
taste (NOTE: no plural in this sense) 2.
a hollow green, red or yellow fruit used
as a vegetable 쑗 We had stuffed peppers for lunch.
per
can’t cycle any faster than fifteen miles per hour 쑗 Potatoes cost 10p per kilo 쑗
We paid our secretaries £10 per hour.
perceive
perceive /pə
ise something 쑗 The changes are so slight that they’re almost impossible to perceive with the naked eye 쑗 I per-ceived a worsening in his condition dur-ing the night.
per cent
per cent / pə sent/, percent noun out of
each hundred 쑗 Fifty per cent of staff are aged over 40 (NOTE: The symbol %
is used after numbers: 50%.) percentage
percentage /pə sentd"/ noun an
amount considered in relation to 100 쑗
A low percentage of the population
vot-ed 쑗 ‘What percentage of businesses are likely to be affected?’ – ‘Oh, about
40 per cent’.
perfect
perfect 1 /
every way 쑗 Your coat is a perfect fit 쑗
Don’t change anything – the room is
perfect as it is 2 completely suitable 쑗
She’s the perfect secretary 쑗 George would be perfect for the job of sales-man 쑗 I was in a perfect position to see what happened.
perfect
perfect 2 /pə fekt/ verb to make
some-thing new and perfect 쑗 She perfected a process for speeding up the bottling sys-tem.
perfectly
That dress fits you perfectly.
perform
perform /pə
tion 쑗 She performed a perfect dive 쑗
It’s the sort of task that can be
per-formed by any computer 2 to do
some-thing such as acting, dancing or singing
in public 쑗 The dance group will per-form at the local theatre next week 쑗
The play will be performed in the village hall.
performance
performance /pə way in which someone or something works, e.g how successful they are or
how much they achieve 쑗 We’re looking for ways to improve our performance 쑗
After last night’s miserable perform-ance I don’t think the team is likely to
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Trang 4performer 229 phase
reach the semi-finals 2 a public show
for entertainment 쑗 The next
perform-ance will start at 8 o’clock 쑗 There are
three performances a day during the
summer.
performer
performer /pə
who gives a public show in order to
en-tertain people
perfume
perfume /
which smells nice, and which you put
on your skin 2 a pleasant smell,
espe-cially of flowers 쑗 the strong perfume of
the roses
perhaps
perhaps /pə hps/ adverb possibly 쑗
Perhaps the train is late 쑗 They’re late
– perhaps the snow’s very deep 쑗 Is it
going to be fine? – Perhaps not, I can
see clouds over there.
period
period / pəriəd/ noun 1 an amount of
time 쑗 She swam under water for a
short period 쑗 The offer is open for a
limited period only 쑗 It was an
unhap-py period in her life 2 the time during
which a lesson is given in school 쑗 We
have three periods of English on
Thurs-days.
periodic
periodic /pəri ɒdk/ adjective
repeat-ed after a regular period of time 쑗
peri-odic attacks of the illness 쑗 We carry
out periodic reviews of the company’s
fi-nancial position.
permanent
permanent /
lasting or intended to last, for ever 쑗 He
has found a permanent job 쑗 She is in
permanent employment 쑗 They are
liv-ing with her parents temporarily – it’s
not a permanent arrangement.
permanently
permanently /
for ever; always
permission
permission /pə mʃ(ə)n/ noun the
free-dom which you are given to do
some-thing by someone in authority 쑗 You
need permission from the boss to go into
the storeroom 쑗 He asked the
manag-er’s permission to take a day off.
permit
permit 1 /
which allows you to do something 쑗
You have to have a permit to sell ice
cream from a van.
permit
permit 2 /pə mt/ verb to allow someone
to do something 쑗 This ticket permits
three people to go into the exhibition 쑗
Smoking is not permitted in under-ground stations (NOTE: permits – per-mitting – permitted)
person
person /
an 쑗 The police say a person entered the house by the window 쑗 His father’s a very interesting person 앳 in person
used to emphasise that someone is
phys-ically present 쑗 Several celebrities were
at the first night in person.
personal
personal /
longing or referring to a particular
per-son or people 쑗 They lost all their
per-sonal property in the fire 2 private; that
you would not like to discuss with most
people 쑗 Can I ask you a personal ques-tion? 쑗 That’s personal – I’d rather not answer that.
personality
personality / nlti/ noun 1.
character 쑗 He has a strange
personali-ty 2 a famous person, especially a TV
or radio star 쑗 The new supermarket is going to be opened by a famous sporting personality.
persuade
persuade /pə swed/ verb to get some-one to do what you want by explaining
or asking 쑗 She managed to persuade the bank manager to give her a loan 쑗
After ten hours of discussion, they per-suaded him to leave.
pest
pest / pest/ noun 1 a plant, animal or
in-sect which causes problems 쑗 Many
farmers look on rabbits as a pest 2 a
person who annoys someone 쑗 That lit-tle boy is an absolute pest – he won’t stop whistling.
pet
pet /pet/ noun an animal kept in the home
쑗 The family has several pets – two cats,
a dog and a hamster.
petal
petal / pet(ə)l/ noun the colourful part of
a flower petrol
petrol / petrəl/ noun a liquid used as a
fuel for engines 쑗 This car doesn’t use very much petrol 쑗 The bus ran out of petrol on the motorway 쑗 Petrol prices are lower at supermarkets (NOTE: no plural: some petrol, a litre of petrol) phase
phase /fez/ noun a stage in the
develop-ment of something 쑗 The project is now
in its final phase 쑗 It’s a phase she’s going through and hopefully she will
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grow out of it 쑗 I’m sure dyeing his hair
green is just a phase.
philosophy
philosophy /f lɒsəfi/ noun 1 the study
of the meaning of human existence 쑗
He’s studying philosophy 2 a general
way of thinking 쑗 My philosophy is that
you should treat people as you would
want them to treat you.
phone
phone /fəυn/ noun a telephone 쑗 If
someone rings, can you answer the
phone for me? 쑗 She lifted the phone
and called the ambulance 쐽 verb to
speak to someone using a telephone 쑗
Your wife phoned when you were out 쑗
Can you phone me at ten o’clock
tomor-row evening? 쑗 I need to phone our
of-fice in New York.
phone back phrasal verb to reply by
telephone; to call again 쑗 The manager
is out – can you phone back in about
fif-teen minutes? 쑗 She phoned back three
minutes later to ask me my address.
phone book
phone book / fəυn bυk/ noun a book
which gives the names of people and
businesses in a town in alphabetical
or-der, with their addresses and phone
numbers
phone call
phone call /
sion on which you speak to someone by
telephone
phone number
phone number / fəυn nmbə/ noun a
series of numbers that you press on a
tel-ephone to contact a particular person
photo
photo /fəυtəυ/ noun a photograph; a
picture taken using a camera 쑗 Here’s a
photo of the village in the snow 쑗 I’ve
brought some holiday photos to show
you (NOTE: The plural is photos.)
photograph
photograph /
ture taken with a camera 쑗 I’ve found an
old black and white photograph of my
parents’ wedding 쑗 She’s trying to take
a photograph of the cat 쑗 He kept her
photograph in his wallet 쑗 You’ll need
two passport photographs to get your
visa 쐽 verb to take a picture with a
camera 쑗 She was photographing the
flowers in the public gardens.
photographer
photographer /fə tɒ'rəfə/ noun a
per-son who takes photographs, especially
as a job
photography
photography /fə tɒ'rəfi/ noun the practice of taking pictures on sensitive film with a camera
phrasal verb
phrasal verb /
type of verb which has two or three parts, which together have a meaning different from that of the main verb, such as ‘tell off’, ‘look after’ and ‘put
up with’
phrase
phrase /frez/ noun a short sentence or
group of words 쑗 Try to translate the whole phrase, not just one word at a time 쑗 I’m trying to remember a phrase from ‘Hamlet’.
physical
physical / fzk(ə)l/ adjective relating
to the human body 쑗 The illness is men-tal rather than physical 쑗 He has a strong physical attraction for her.
physically
physically / fzkli/ adverb 1 relating
to the body 쑗 I find him physically very attractive 쑗 One of the children is
phys-ically handicapped 2 relating to the
laws of nature 쑗 It is physically impos-sible to get a piano into that little car.
physics
physics / fzks/ noun the study of things such as heat, light and sound, and
the way in which they affect objects 쑗
She teaches physics at the local college.
쑗 It’s a law of physics that things fall down to the ground and not up into the sky.
piano
piano /pi nəυ/ noun a large musical in-strument with black and white keys
which you press to make music 쑗 She’s taking piano lessons 쑗 She played the piano while her brother sang.
pick
pick /pk/ verb 1 to choose something 쑗
The captain picks the football team 쑗
She was picked to play the part of the victim’s mother 쑗 The Association has
picked Paris for its next meeting 2 to
take fruit or flowers from plants 쑗
They’ve picked all the strawberries 쑗
Don’t pick the flowers in the public gar-dens 앳 take your pick choose which
one you want 쑗 We’ve got green, red and blue balloons – just take your pick!
pick up phrasal verb 1 to take
some-thing that is lying on a surface and lift it
in your hand 쑗 She dropped her hand-kerchief and he picked it up 쑗 He bent down to pick up a pound coin which he
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Trang 6picnic 231 pink
saw on the pavement 2 to learn
some-thing easily without being taught 쑗 She
never took any piano lessons, she just
picked it up 쑗 He picked up some
Ger-man when he was working in GerGer-many.
3 to give someone a lift in a vehicle 쑗
We will pick you up from the hotel 쑗
Can you send a taxi to pick us up at
sev-en o’clock?
picnic
picnic / pknk/ noun a meal eaten
out-doors away from home 쑗 If it’s fine,
let’s go for a picnic 쑗 They stopped by
a wood, and had a picnic lunch 쐽 verb
to eat a picnic 쑗 People were picnicking
on the bank of the river (NOTE: picnics
– picnicking – picnicked)
picture
picture / pktʃə/ noun a drawing, a
painting or a photograph 쑗 She drew a
picture of the house 쑗 The book has
pages of pictures of wild animals 쑗 She
cut out the picture of the President from
the magazine.
pie
pie /pa/ noun meat or fruit cooked in a
pastry case 쑗 For pudding, there’s apple
pie and ice cream 쑗 If we’re going on a
picnic, I’ll buy a big pork pie.
piece
piece /
one of a number of similar things 쑗
Would you like another piece of cake? 쑗
I need two pieces of black cloth.
pierce
pierce /pəs/ verb to make a hole in
something
piercing
piercing / pəsŋ/ adjective (of a
sound) unpleasantly high and loud 쑗
They suddenly heard a piercing cry 쑗
He let out a piercing yell.
pig
pig /p'/ noun a pink or black farm
ani-mal with short legs kept for its meat
(NOTE: Fresh meat from a pig is called
pork Bacon, gammon and ham are
types of smoked or cured meat from a
pig.)
pigeon
pigeon / pd"ən/ noun a fat grey bird
which is common in towns
pile
pile /pal/ noun a large mass of things 쑗
Look at that pile of washing 쑗 The pile
of plates crashed onto the floor 쑗 The
wind blew piles of dead leaves into the
road 쑗 He was carrying a huge pile of
books.
pill
pill /pl/ noun medicine in solid form,
usually in a small round shape 쑗 Take two pills before breakfast.
pillow
pillow / pləυ/ noun a cloth bag full of soft material which you put your head
on in bed pilot
pilot / palət/ noun a person who flies a
plane or other aircraft 쑗 He’s training to
be an airline pilot 쑗 He’s a helicopter pilot for an oil company.
pin
pin /pn/ noun a small thin sharp metal object with a round piece at the top, used for fastening things such as pieces
of cloth or paper 쑗 She fastened the rib-bons to her dress with a pin before sew-ing them on 쐽 verb to attach something
with a pin 쑗 She pinned up a notice about the meeting 쑗 He pinned her photograph on the wall 쑗 He pinned the calendar to the wall by his desk.
(NOTE: pins – pinning – pinned)
pinch
pinch / pntʃ/ noun 1 the action of
squeezing something between your
fin-ger and thumb 쑗 He gave her arm a
pinch 2 a small quantity of something
held between finger and thumb 쑗 Add a pinch of salt to the boiling water (NOTE:
The plural is pinches.) 쐽verb 1 to
squeeze something tightly, using the
fin-ger and thumb 쑗 Ow! You’re pinching
me! 2 to steal something, especially
something that is not very valuable (informal ) 쑗 Someone’s pinched my pen!
pine
pine / pan/ noun 1 왍 pine (tree) a type
of evergreen tree with needle-shaped
leaves 쑗 They planted a row of pines
along the edge of the field 2 wood from
a pine tree 쑗 We’ve bought a pine table for the kitchen 쑗 There are pine cup-boards in the children’s bedroom 쐽
verb 왍 to pine for something to feel sad
because you do not have something any
more 쑗 She’s miserable because she’s pining for her cat.
pineapple
pineapple / panp(ə)l/ noun a large sweet tropical fruit, with stiff leaves with sharp points on top
pink
pink /pŋk/ adjective pale red or flesh
coloured 쑗 Your cheeks look pink and healthy now 쐽 noun a pale red colour 쑗
The bright pink of those flowers shows clearly across the garden.
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pint
pint /pant/ noun a liquid measure, equal
to 0.568 of a litre
pipe
pipe / pap/ noun 1 a tube, especially one
that carries a liquid or a gas from one
place to another 쑗 He’s clearing a
blocked pipe in the kitchen 쑗 The water
came out of the hole in the pipe 2 a
tube for smoking tobacco, with a small
bowl at one end in which the tobacco
burns
pit
pit / pt/ noun 1 a deep dark hole in the
ground 쑗 They dug a pit to bury the
rub-bish 2 a mine; a place where
substanc-es such as coal are dug out of the ground
쑗 My grandfather spent his whole life
working down a pit.
pitch
pitch / ptʃ/ noun 1 the ground on which
a game is played 쑗 I’ll time you, if you
run round the football pitch 쑗 The pitch
is too wet to play on 쑗 He kept the ball
the whole length of the pitch and scored.
(NOTE: The plural is pitches.) 2 the
level of a period of anger or excitement
쑗 Excitement was at fever pitch 쐽 verb
to put up a tent 쑗 They pitched their tent
in a field by the beach.
pity
pity / pti/ noun a feeling of sympathy for
someone who is in a bad situation 쑗
Have you no pity for the homeless? 쐽
verb to feel sympathy for someone 쑗 I
pity those children (NOTE: pities –
pit-ying – pitied) 앳 what a pity used for
showing that you are disappointed, or
for showing that you feel sympathy for
someone who is disappointed
pizza
pizza /
sisting of a flat round piece of bread
cooked with things such as cheese,
to-matoes and onions on top
place
place / ples/ noun 1 where something
is, or where something happens 쑗
Here’s the place where we saw the
cows 쑗 We found a nice place for a
pic-nic 2 where something is usually kept
쑗 Make sure you put the file back in the
right place 3 a seat 쑗 I’m keeping this
place for my sister 쑗 I’m sorry, but this
place has been taken 4 a position in a
race 쑗 The British runners are in the
first three places 쐽verb to put
some-thing somewhere 쑗 The waitress placed
the teapot on the table 쑗 Please place
the envelope in the box.
plain
plain / plen/ adjective 1 simple and not
complicated 쑗 We put plain wallpaper
in the dining room 쑗 The outside is dec-orated with leaves and flowers, but the
inside is quite plain 2 easy to
under-stand 쑗 The instructions are written in
plain English 3 obvious 쑗 It’s
perfect-ly plain what he wants 쑗 We made it plain to them that this was our final
of-fer 4 a more polite word than
"unattrac-tive", used for describing a person 쑗 His two daughters are rather plain 쐽 noun
a flat area of country 쑗 a broad plain bordered by mountains (NOTE: Do not
confuse with plane.)
plainly
plainly / plenli/ adverb 1 in a way that
is easy to see 쑗 He’s plainly bored by the French lesson 쑗 Plainly, the plan is
not working 2 clearly 쑗 It is plainly visible from here 쑗 The sounds of a vi-olent argument could be heard plainly
from behind the door 3 without much
decoration 쑗 plainly-decorated wallpa-per
plan
plan / pln/ noun 1 an organised way of
doing things 쑗 He made a plan to get up earlier in future 쑗 She drew up plans for the village fair 왍 according to plan
in the way it was arranged 쑗 The party
went off according to plan 2 a drawing
showing how something is arranged 쑗
Here are the plans for the kitchen 쑗 The fire exits are shown on the plan of the of-fice 쐽 verb 1 to arrange how you are
going to do something 쑗 She’s busy
planning her holiday in Greece 2 to
in-tend to do something 쑗 They are plan-ning to move to London next month 쑗
We weren’t planning to go on holiday this year 쑗 I plan to take the 5 o’clock flight to New York (NOTE: plans – planning – planned)
plane
plane / plen/ noun 1 an aircraft with
wings 쑗 When is the next plane for Glasgow? 쑗 How are you getting to Paris? – We’re going by plane 쑗 Don’t panic, you’ve got plenty of time to catch your plane 쑗 He was stuck in a traffic
jam and missed his plane 2 a tool with
a sharp blade for making wood smooth
쑗 He smoothed off the rough edges with
a plane.
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Trang 8planet 233 pleased
planet
planet / plnt/ noun 1 one of the
ob-jects in space which move round the
Sun 쑗 Is there life on any of the planets?
쑗 Earth is the third planet from the Sun.
2 the planet the planet Earth 쑗 an
en-vironmental disaster which could affect
the whole planet
plank
plank /plŋk/ noun a long flat piece of
wood used in building
planning
planning / plnŋ/ noun the act or
prac-tice of making plans 쑗 The trip will
need very careful planning 쑗 The
project is still in the planning stage.
plant
plant /
which grows in the ground and has
leaves, a stem and roots 쑗 He planted a
row of cabbage plants 쑗 Sunflower
plants grow very tall 2 a large factory
쑗 They are planning to build a car plant
near the river 쐽 verb to put a plant in
the ground 쑗 We’ve planted two pear
trees and a peach tree in the garden.
plaster
plaster /
sand and a white substance called
‘lime’, which is mixed with water and
used for covering the inside walls of
houses 쑗 The flat hasn’t been decorated
yet and there is still bare plaster in most
of the rooms 2 a white substance which
becomes hard when it dries, used to
cov-er a broken arm or leg and hold it in
place 쑗 He had an accident skiing and
now has his leg in plaster 3.왍 sticking
plaster adhesive tape used for covering
small wounds 쑗 She put a piece of
stick-ing plaster on my cut.
plastic
plastic / plstk/ noun a strong material
made from chemicals, used to make
many things 쑗 We take plastic plates
when we go to the beach 쑗 The
super-market gives you plastic bags to put
your shopping in 쑗 We cover our
gar-den furniture with plastic sheets when it
rains (NOTE: no plural: a bowl made of
plastic)
plate
plate / plet/ noun 1 a flat round dish for
putting food on 쑗 Put one pie on each
plate 쑗 Pass all the plates down to the
end of the table 2 a flat piece of
some-thing such as metal or glass 쑗 The
den-tist has a brass plate on his door.
platform
platform /
structure by the side of the railway lines
at a station, to help passengers get on or
off the trains easily 쑗 Crowds of people were waiting on the platform 쑗 The train for Liverpool will leave from
plat-form 10 2. a high wooden floor for someone to stand on when they are
speaking in public 쑗 The main speakers sat in a row on the platform.
play
play /ple/ noun a story which is acted in
a theatre or on TV 쑗 Did you see the play on TV last night? 쑗 We went to the National Theatre to see the new play 쑗
Two of Shakespeare’s plays are on the list for the English exam 쐽verb 1 to
take part in a game 쑗 He plays rugby for the university 쑗 Do you play tennis? 2.
to make music on a musical instrument
or to put a recording on a machine such
as a CD player 쑗 He can’t play the vio-lin very well 쑗 Let me play you my new
Bach CD 3 to enjoy yourself 쑗 When you’ve finished your lesson you can go out to play 쑗 He doesn’t like playing with other children.
play back phrasal verb to listen to something which you have just recorded player
player / pleə/ noun 1 a person who
plays a game 쑗 You only need two play-ers for chess 쑗 Rugby players have to
be fit 쑗 Four of the players in the
op-posing team are ill 2 a person who
plays a musical instrument 쑗 a famous horn player
playground
playground / ple'raυnd/ noun a place, at a school or in a public area, where children can play
pleasant
pleasant / plez(ə)nt/ adjective
enjoya-ble or attractive 쑗 What a pleasant gar-den! 쑗 How pleasant it is to sit here un-der the trees!
please
please /
are making a polite request or accepting
an offer 쑗 Can you close the window, please? 쑗 Please sit down 쑗 Can I have
a ham sandwich, please? 쑗 Do you want some more tea? – Yes, please! Compare
thank you 쐽 verb to make someone
happy or satisfied 쑗 She’s not difficult to please 왍 please yourself do as you like
쑗 Shall I take the red one or the green one? – Please yourself.
pleased
We’re very pleased with our new house.
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Trang 9pleasure 234 poetry
쑗 I’m pleased to hear you’re feeling
bet-ter 쑗 He wasn’t pleased when he heard
his exam results.
pleasure
pleasure / ple"ə/ noun a pleasant
feel-ing 쑗 His greatest pleasure is sitting by
the river 쑗 It gives me great pleasure to
be able to visit you today 앳 with
pleas-ure used for saying that you are happy
to do something for someone 쑗 I’ll do
the job with pleasure.
plenty
plenty / plenti/ noun a large quantity 쑗
You’ve got plenty of time to catch the
train 쑗 Plenty of people complain
about the bus service 쑗 Have you got
enough bread? – Yes, we’ve got plenty.
(NOTE: no plural)
plot
plot / plɒt/ noun 1 a small area of land,
e.g used for building or for growing
vegetables 쑗 They own a plot of land
next to the river 쑗 The plot isn’t big
enough to build a house on 2 the basic
story of a book, play or film 쑗 The novel
has a complicated plot 쑗 I won’t tell
you the plot of the film – I don’t want to
spoil it for you 3 a secret plan to do
something illegal or wrong 쑗 They
hatched a plot to hold up the security
van.
pluck
pluck / plk/ verb 1 to pull out feathers
from a bird 쑗 Ask the butcher to pluck
the pheasants for you 2 to pull and let
go of the strings of a guitar or other
mu-sical instrument, in order to make a
sound 쑗 He was gently plucking the
strings of his guitar.
plug
plug / pl'/ noun 1 a flat round rubber
object which covers the hole in a bath or
sink 쑗 Can you call reception and tell
them there’s no plug in the bath? 쑗 She
pulled out the plug and let the water
drain away 2 an object attached to the
end of a wire, which you push into a
hole in the wall to make a piece of
elec-trical equipment work 쑗 The vacuum
cleaner is supplied with a plug.
plug in phrasal verb to connect a piece
of electrical equipment to an electricity
supply by pushing the plug into a hole in
the wall 쑗 The computer wasn’t
plugged in – that’s why it wouldn’t
work.
plum
plum /plm/ noun a gold, red or purple
fruit with a smooth skin and a large
stone 쑗 She bought a pound of plums to make a pie.
plumber
plumber / plmə/ noun a person whose job is to install or repair things such as water pipes and heating systems plump
plump /plmp/ adjective (of a person)
slightly fat in an attractive way 쑗 He’s a short man with a plump red face 쑗 Is she pregnant or is she just plumper than she was?
plunge
plunge / plnd"/ verb 1 to throw
your-self into water 쑗 He plunged into the
river to rescue the little boy 2 to fall
sharply 쑗 Share prices plunged on the news of the devaluation.
plural
plural / plυərəl/ adjective, noun (in grammar) (which is) the form of a word
showing that there is more than one 쑗
Does ‘government’ take a singular or plural verb? 쑗 What’s the plural of
‘mouse’? 쑗 The verb should be in the plural after ‘programs’.
plus
plus /pls/ preposition 1 added to 쑗 His salary plus bonus comes to more than
£30,000 (NOTE: In calculations plus is usually shown by the sign + : 10 + 4 = 14: say ‘ten plus four equals fourteen’.)
2 more than 쑗 houses valued at
£200,000 plus
pocket / pɒkt/ noun a small bag sewn into the inside of a piece of clothing such as a coat, in which you can keep
things such as money or keys 쑗 She looked in all her pockets but couldn’t find her keys 쑗 He was leaning against
a fence with his hands in his pockets.
pod
pod /pɒd/ noun a long green case in which some small vegetables such as
peas or beans grow 쑗 Mangetout peas are eaten in their pods.
poem
poem / pəυm/ noun a piece of writing with words carefully chosen to sound attractive or interesting, set out in lines usually of a regular length which some-times end in words which sound the
same 쑗 He wrote a long poem about an old sailor 쑗 The poem about the First World War was set to music by Britten.
poet
poet / pəυt/ noun a person who writes poems
poetry
poetry / pəυtri/ noun poems in general
쑗 Reading poetry makes me cry 쑗 This
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Trang 10point 235 polite
is a good example of German poetry.
(NOTE: no plural)
point
point / pɔnt/ noun 1 a sharp end of
something long 쑗 The point of my pencil
has broken 쑗 The stick has a very sharp
point 2. a particular place 쑗 The path
led us for miles through the woods and
in the end we came back to the point
where we started from 쑗 We had
reached a point 2,000m above sea level.
3 a particular moment in time 쑗 From
that point on, things began to change 쑗
At what point did you decide to resign?
4 a meaning or reason 쑗 The main point
of the meeting is to see how we can
con-tinue to run the centre without a grant.
왍 there’s no point there’s no good
rea-son for doing something 쑗 There’s no
point in asking them to pay – they
ha-ven’t any money 왍 what’s the point?
why? 쑗 What’s the point of doing the
same thing all over again? 5 a score in
a game 쑗 Their team scored three
points 쑗 In rugby, a try counts as five
points 쐽 verb to aim a gun or your
fin-ger at something 쑗 The teacher is
point-ing at you 쑗 It’s rude to point at people.
쑗 Don’t point that gun at me – it might
go off 쑗 The guide pointed to the map to
show where we were 앳 it’s beside the
point it’s got nothing to do with the
main subject 쑗 Whether or not the coat
matches your hat is beside the point –
it’s simply too big for you.
pointed
pointed / pɔntd/ adjective with a
sharp point at one end 쑗 a pointed stick
poison
poison / pɔz(ə)n/ noun a substance
which kills you or makes you ill if it is
swallowed or if it gets into the blood 쑗
There’s enough poison in this bottle to
kill the whole town 쑗 Don’t drink that –
it’s poison.
poisonous
poisonous / pɔz(ə)nəs/ adjective able
to kill or harm people or animals with
poison
poke
poke /pəυk/ noun a quick push with a
finger or something sharp 쑗 He got a
poke in the eye from someone’s
umbrel-la 쐽 verb to push something or
one quickly with a finger or with
some-thing sharp 쑗 He poked the heap with
his stick 왍 to poke about for
some-thing to search for somesome-thing among
other things 쑗 She poked about in her desk to see if she could find the papers.
왍 to poke out of somewhere to appear
through a hole or small space 쑗 A red-faced man poked his head out of the window 쑗 A red handkerchief was pok-ing out of his pocket 앳 to poke fun at someone or something to laugh at
someone or something in an unkind way 쑗 He poked fun at the maths
teach-er 쑗 She poked fun at his odd hat.
pole
pole /pəυl/ noun a long wooden or metal stick
Pole
Pole /pəυl/ noun a person from Poland police
police /pə job is to control traffic, to try to stop
crime and to catch criminals 쑗 The po-lice are looking for the driver of the car.
쑗 The police emergency number is 999.
쑗 Call the police – I’ve just seen some-one drive off in my car.
policeman
dinary member of the police (NOTE: The
plural is policemen.)
police officer
police officer /pə member of the police policy
policy / pɒlsi/ noun decisions on the
way of doing something 쑗 government policy on wages or government wages policy 쑗 It is not our policy to give de-tails of employees over the phone 쑗
People voted Labour because they liked their policies.
polish
polish / pɒlʃ/ noun a substance used to
make things shiny 쑗 Wash the car thor-oughly before you put the polish on 쐽
verb to rub something in order to make
it shiny 쑗 He polished his shoes until they shone.
Polish
Polish / pəυlʃ/ adjective relating to
Po-land 쑗 The Polish Army joined in the manoeuvres 쐽 noun the language
spo-ken in Poland 쑗 I know three words of Polish 쑗 You will need an English-Polish phrasebook if you’re visiting Warsaw.
polite
polite /pə lat/ adjective pleasant
to-wards other people, not rude 쑗 Sales staff should be polite to customers.
(NOTE: politer – politest)
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...standing in the rain.
patience
patience / peʃ(ə)ns/ noun the quality
of being patient 쑗 With a little patience, you’ll soon learn...
etc 쑗 She was wearing a coat with a pattern of black and white spots 쑗 Do you like the pattern on our new carpet?
pause... vegetable 쑗 He was peeling a banana.
쑗 If the potatoes are very small you can boil them without peeling them.
peer
peer