hospital hospital / hɒsptəl/ noun a place where sick or hurt people are looked af-ter 쑗 She was taken ill at work and sent to hospital.. NOTE: humbler – humblest humor humor / humour Th
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쑗 The gang carried out three hold-ups
in the same day.
hole
hole /həυl/ noun an opening or a space in
something 쑗 You’ve got a hole in your
sock 쑗 We all peeped through the hole
in the fence 쑗 Rabbits live in holes in
the ground.
holiday
holiday / hɒlde/ noun 1 a period when
you do not work, and sometimes go and
stay in a different place 쑗 When are you
taking your holiday or When are you
planning to go on holiday? 쑗 He’s
go-ing to Spain on holiday 쑗 We always
spend our holidays in the mountains 쑗
How many days’ holiday do you have
each year? 2 a day on which most
peo-ple do not work because of laws or
reli-gious rules 쑗 The office is closed for the
Christmas holiday.
hollow
hollow / hɒləυ/ adjective with a hole
in-side 쑗 a hollow log 쑗 If you tap the box
it sounds hollow.
holy
holy / həυli/ adjective relating to religion
or the church 쑗 They went to ask a holy
man his advice.
home
home /həυm/ noun 1 the place where
you live or where your parents live 쑗
Their home is a flat in the centre of
Lon-don 쑗 Will you be at home tomorrow
evening? 쑗 When do you leave home for
work in the morning? 쑗 I like to go
home for the holidays 왍 to make
your-self at home to behave as if you were in
your own home 쑗 He lay down on my
sofa, opened a bottle of beer, and made
himself at home 2 a house 쑗 They are
building fifty new homes on the edge of
the village 3 a house where people are
looked after 쑗 My aunt has moved to an
old people’s home 4 왍 at home (in
sports) on the local sports ground 쑗
Our team is playing at home next
Satur-day 쐽 adverb towards the place where
you usually live 쑗 We’ve got to go home
now 쑗 He usually gets home by 7
o’clock 쑗 Don’t send it – I’ll take it
home with me 쑗 If you don’t want to
walk, you can always take the bus home.
(NOTE: used without a preposition: He
went home or She’s coming home.) 쐽
adjective referring to where you live or
where you were born 쑗 My home town
is Birmingham 쑗 Send the letter to my home address, not to my office.
homework
homework / which you take home from school to do
in the evening 쑗 Have you finished your maths homework? 쑗 I haven’t got any homework today, so I can watch TV.
(NOTE: no plural)
honest
honest / ɒnst/ adjective 1 telling the
truth 쑗 He was honest with the police
and told them what he had done 2.
tending to tell people the truth; treating
people fairly 쑗 I wouldn’t buy a car from that garage – I’m not sure they’re completely honest.
honestly
honestly / ɒnstli/ adverb 1 in an open and honest way 2 used to express a
feel-ing of befeel-ing annoyed 쑗 Honestly, you might have told me sooner!
honesty
honesty / ɒnsti/ noun the quality of
be-ing honest 쑗 I admire him for his
hones-ty in saying the job was too difficult for him.
honey
honey / hni/ noun a sweet substance
produced by bees 쑗 I like honey on toast 쑗 Greek cakes are often made with honey.
honeymoon
honeymoon / day taken immediately after a wedding
쑗 They went on their honeymoon to Corsica.
honor
honor / ɒnə/ noun, verb US spelling of
honour
honour
honour / ɒnə/ noun 1 the practice of
acting according to what you think is
right 쑗 He’s a man of honour 2
some-thing that you are proud of 쑗 It is an honour for me to be invited here today.
쐽 verb 1 to show your respect for
someone 쑗 to honour the dead 2 to give
someone an award to show that you
re-spect them 쑗 He was honoured by the
university 3 to do what you promised 쑗
He honoured the agreement and gave the staff a pay rise.
hood
hood /hυd/ noun 1 a loose piece of
clothing to cover your head 쑗 He has a
blue coat with a hood 2 a folding roof
on something such as a car or pram 쑗
Let’s put down the hood, it’s very hot 3.
US a metal cover for the front part of a
car, covering the engine 쑗 He lifted the
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hood to see what was wrong with the
motor.
hoof
hoof /
horse, cow and many other animals
(NOTE: The plural is hooves /
hook
hook /hυk/ noun 1 a bent piece of metal
for hanging things on 쑗 Hang your coat
on the hook behind the door 2. a very
small piece of thin bent metal, attached
to a line for catching fish 쑗 The fish ate
the worm but didn’t swallow the hook.
hop
hop /hɒp/ verb 1 to jump on one leg 쑗
He hurt his toe and had to hop around
on one foot 2 (of a bird or animal) to
jump with both feet together 쑗 Magpies
were hopping across the grass 쑗 The
frog hopped onto the lily pad (NOTE:
hops – hopping – hopped) 쐽 noun 1
a little jump 쑗 Magpies walk in a series
of little hops 2 a short flight 쑗 It’s only
a short hop from London to Paris.
hope
hope /həυp/ verb to want and expect
something to happen 쑗 We all hope our
team wins 쑗 She’s hoping she will soon
be able to drive a car 쑗 I hope it doesn’t
rain 쐽 noun the fact of wanting and
ex-pecting something to happen 쑗 Our
only hope is that she will get better
soon 쑗 They have given up all hope of
rescuing any more earthquake victims.
hopeful
hopeful / həυpf(ə)l/ adjective confident
that something will happen 쑗 We are
hopeful that the company will accept
our offer.
hopeless
hopeless / həυpləs/ adjective 1
unlike-ly to get better; impossible to improve 쑗
The invoices are in a hopeless mess 2.
not at all skilful at something 쑗 She’s
hopeless at tennis 쑗 He’s hopeless
when it comes to mending cars.
horizon
horizon /hə raz(ə)n/ noun the line in
the distance where the earth and the sky
meet
horizontal
horizontal /hɒr zɒnt(ə)l/ adjective
flat; level with the ground
horn
horn /
growing out of an animal’s head 쑗 That
bull’s horns look very dangerous 2 a
piece of equipment on a car that makes
a loud noise to warn people of
some-thing 3 a metal musical instrument
which you blow into 쑗 a piece of music for horn and orchestra
horrible
horrible / hɒrb(ə)l/ adjective extremely
unpleasant 쑗 The victims of the fire had horrible injuries 쑗 He’s a horrible little boy 쑗 We had a horrible meal at the restaurant.
horrified
horrified / hɒrfad/ adjective fright-ened or shocked
horror
horror / hɒrə/ noun the fact or feeling of
being very frightened 쑗 He couldn’t hide his horror at hearing the news 쑗
She has a horror of spiders 쑗 Everyone watched in horror as the planes collid-ed.
horse
horse /
riding or for pulling vehicles 쑗 She was riding a black horse 쑗 The coach was pulled by six white horses 쑗 He’s out on his horse every morning.
hospital
hospital / hɒspt(ə)l/ noun a place where sick or hurt people are looked
af-ter 쑗 She was taken ill at work and sent
to hospital 쑗 When is she due to go into hospital? 쑗 He was in hospital for sev-eral days after the accident.
host
host /həυst/ noun 1 a person who has
invited guests 쑗 The host asked his
guests what they wanted to drink 2 the
landlord of a hotel or inn, also
some-times of a restaurant 3 the person who
introduces and talks to the guests on a
TV or radio show 쑗 He had been a host
on a Saturday evening TV show 4 왍 a
host of a large number of 쑗 We face a host of problems 쐽 verb 1 to act as host
at a party 쑗 The company hosted a
re-ception for two hundred guests 2. to be the centre where something takes place
쑗 Barcelona hosted the Olympic
Games 3 to organise and manage
web-sites for other people
hostage
hostage / hɒstd"/ noun a person who
is captured and held by someone or an organisation, which threatens to kill him
or her unless their demands are met 쑗
Three of the hostages will be released tomorrow 앳 1 2 쑗 He was held hos-tage for more than a year by the rebels.
hot
hot /hɒt/ adjective 1 very warm; with a
high temperature 쑗 The weather is very hot in June, but August is the hottest
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month 쑗 If you’re too hot, take your
coat off 쑗 Plates should be kept hot
be-fore serving the meal 쒁 heat 2 (of
food) full of spices, giving you a
burn-ing feelburn-ing in your mouth 쑗 This curry
is particularly hot 쑗 He chose the
hot-test dish on the menu.
hot dog
hot dog / hɒt dɒ'/ noun a snack
consist-ing of a hot sausage in a long piece of
bread
hotel
hotel /həυ tel/ noun a building where
travellers can rent a room for the night,
eat in a restaurant or drink in a bar 쑗
They are staying at the Grand Hotel 쑗
I’ll meet you in the hotel lobby 쑗 All the
hotel rooms in the town are booked.
hour
hour /aυə/ noun a period of time which
lasts 60 minutes 쑗 The train journey
takes two hours 쑗 It’s a three-hour
flight to Greece 쑗 The train travels at
over 150 miles an hour.
house
house 1 /haυs/ noun 1 a building in
which someone lives 쑗 He has bought a
house in London 쑗 He has a small flat
in town and a large house in the country.
쑗 All the houses in our street look the
same 2 a part of a Parliament 쑗 The
British Parliament is formed of the
House of Commons and the House of
Lords 쑗 The American Congress is
formed of the House of Representatives
and the Senate.
house
house 2 /haυz/ verb to provide a place for
someone or something to stay or be kept
쑗 His collection of old cars is housed in
a barn 쑗 We have been asked if we can
house three students for the summer
term (NOTE: houses – housing –
housed)
household
household / haυshəυld/ noun the
peo-ple living together in a house
housework
housework /
of keeping a house clean (NOTE: no
plu-ral)
housing
housing / haυzŋ/ noun houses 쑗
Pub-lic housing has to meet certain
stand-ards.
hover
hover / hɒvə/ verb to hang in the air
without moving forward 쑗 flies
hover-ing over the surface of a pool
how
how /haυ/ adverb 1 showing or asking
the way in which something is done 쑗
How do you switch off the cooker? 쑗
Can you tell me how to get to the rail-way station from here? 쑗 I don’t know
how he does it 2 showing or asking
about things such as the age, size or
quantity of something 쑗 How big is their house? 쑗 How many people are there in your family? 쑗 She showed us how good she was at skiing 쑗 How old
is your little boy? 쑗 How far is it to the
church? 3 showing surprise 쑗 How cold it is outside! 쑗 How different it is from what I remember!
however
however /haυ evə/ adverb but 쑗 We never go out on Saturdays – however, this week we’re going to a wedding 쐽 conjunction in whatever way 쑗 Do it however you like.
howl
howl /haυl/ verb to make a long loud high
sound like a wolf 쑗 The wolves howled outside the cabin 쑗 The wind howled in the chimney 쐽 noun a long loud cry 쑗
Howls of disappointment came from the fans.
hug
hug /h'/ noun the act of putting your arms round someone and holding them
close to you 쑗 She ran to the little girl and gave her a hug 쐽verb to throw
your arms around someone 쑗 The play-ers hugged each other when the goal was scored (NOTE: hugs – hugging –
hugged)
huge
huge /
size 쑗 Huge waves battered the ship 쑗
The concert was a huge success 쑗 Fail-ing the test was a huge disappointment for him.
hum
hum /hm/ verb 1 to make a low sound
like a bee 쑗 Bees were humming around
the hive 2. to sing without words 쑗 If you don’t know the words of the
nation-al anthem, you can nation-always hum the tune.
(NOTE: hums – humming – hummed)
human
human / people
humble
humble / hmbəl/ adjective feeling or acting as if you are not as important as
other people 쑗 Seeing how much work she does for charity makes me feel very humble (NOTE: humbler – humblest)
humor
humor /
humour
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humorous
humorous /
ny in a quiet way, making people smile
rather than laugh 쑗 humorous stories 쑗
Some of her comments were rather
hu-morous.
humorously
humorously /
humorous
humour
humour /
make situations seem funny 쑗 He has a
good sense of humour 쑗 She has
abso-lutely no sense of humour 쑗 Want to
meet male, aged 30 – 35, with a good
sense of humour (GSOH) 2 a general
feeling or mood 쑗 I am in no humour to
talk about holidays just now 쑗 His good
humour lasted until the end of the party.
hump
hump /hmp/ noun 1 a raised part on
the back of a person or animal 쑗
Arabi-an camels have only one hump, while
Bactrian camels have two 2 a small
raised part in the ground 쑗 They have
built humps in the road to slow down the
traffic.
hundred
hundred / hndrəd/ noun the number
100 쑗 The church is over a hundred
years old 쑗 My grandfather will be a
hundred next month 쑗 Do I have to tell
you a hundred times to stop that noise?
(NOTE: In numbers hundred does not
change and is followed by and when
reading: 491 = four hundred and
nine-ty-one; 102 = a hundred and two Note
also: a hundred and one (101), three
hundred and six (306) but the
dred and first (101st), the three
hun-dred and sixth (306th), etc.)앳
hun-dreds of very many 쑗 Hundreds of
birds were killed by the cold weather 쑗
Hundreds of people caught flu last
win-ter 쑗 They came in their hundreds to
visit the grave.
hundredth
hundredth / hndrədθ/ adjective
relat-ing to number 100 in a series 쑗
Tomor-row is his hundredth birthday.
hung
hung /hŋ/ past tense and past participle
of hang
hungry
hungry / hŋ'ri/ adjective feeling that
you need to eat 쑗 You must be hungry
after that game of football 쑗 I’m not
very hungry – I had a big lunch 쑗
Hur-ry up with the food – we’re getting hun-gry.
hunt
hunt /hnt/ verb 1 왍 to hunt for
some-thing to search for somesome-thing 쑗 We’re hunting for a cheap flat 쑗 The police
are hunting for the driver of the car 2.
to chase wild animals for food or sport
쑗 Our cat is not very good at hunting mice 쑗 They go to Scotland every year
to hunt deer (NOTE: You hunt animals,
but you hunt for things.) 쐽 noun a
search 쑗 The hunt for new offices has just started.
hunter
hunter / hntə/ noun a person who hunts animals
hurricane
hurricane / hrkən/ noun a tropical storm with strong winds and rain (NOTE:
In the Far East called a typhoon; in the Indian Ocean called a cyclone.)
hurry
hurry / hri/ verb to go somewhere or do
something fast 쑗 She hurried across the room 쑗 You’ll have to hurry if you want
to catch the last post 쑗 There’s no need
to hurry – we’ve got plenty of time.
(NOTE: hurries – hurrying – hurried)
hurry up phrasal verb to go or do
something faster 쑗 Hurry up – we’ll be late for the film 쑗 Can’t you get the cook to hurry up? I’m getting hungry!
hurt
hurt /
someone to feel pain 쑗 My tooth hurts.
쑗 No one was badly hurt in the accident.
쑗 Where did you hurt yourself? (NOTE:
hurts – hurting – hurt)
husband
husband / hzbənd/ noun a man to
whom a woman is married 쑗 Her hus-band is Scottish 쑗 He’s the doctor’s husband.
hut
hut /ht/ noun a small rough wooden house
hygiene
hygiene / being and keeping things clean
hygienic
hygienic /ha
and safe because all germs have been destroyed
hyphen
hyphen / haf(ə)n/ noun a printing sign (-) used to show that two words are joined
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i /a/, I noun the ninth letter of the
alpha-bet, between H and J
I
I 1 /a/ pronoun used by a speaker when
talking about himself or herself 쑗 She
said, ‘I can do it’, and she did it 쑗 He
told me I could go home early 쑗 She
and I come from the same town 쑗 I said
I was going to be late (NOTE: When it is
the object of a verb, I becomes me: I
gave it to him – he gave it to me; I hit
him – he hit me When it follows the
verb be, I usually becomes me: Who is
it? – It’s me!)
I
I 2 /a/ noun the Roman numeral for one or
first 쑗 King Charles I
ice
ice /as/ noun water which is frozen and
has become solid 쑗 When water freezes,
it turns into ice 쑗 Would you like ice in
your drink? (NOTE: no plural: some ice,
a lump of ice)
ice cream
ice cream /
sweet food made from cream and fruit,
chocolate, nuts, etc
icy
icy / asi/ adjective covered with ice 쑗 Be
careful, the pavement is icy.
idea
idea /a də/ noun a thought which you
have about something
ideal
ideal /a dəl/ adjective perfect;
extreme-ly suitable 쑗 This is the ideal site for a
factory 쑗 The cottage is an ideal place
for birdwatching.
identical
identical /a dentk(ə)l/ adjective
ex-actly the same 쑗 The twins wore
identi-cal clothes for the party 쑗 Their
politi-cal opinions are identipoliti-cal.
identify
identify /a dentfa/ verb 1 to
recog-nise a person or thing and to be able to
say who or what they are 쑗 Can you
identify what sort of rock this is? 쑗 She
was able to identify her attacker 2 to
state that something belongs to you 쑗
Each person was asked to identify his or
her baggage (NOTE: identifies –
iden-tifying – identified)
identity
identity /a dentti/ noun someone’s
name and personal details 쑗 He changed his identity when he went to work for the secret services.
idle
idle / ad(ə)l/ adjective not doing
any-thing 쑗 He’s the idlest man I know – he never does any work at all.
if
if /f/ conjunction 1 showing what might
happen 쑗 If it freezes tonight, the paths will be slippery tomorrow 쑗 If I’m in London, I’ll come and see you 쑗 If he had told me you were ill, I’d have come
to see you in hospital 쑗 If I won the
lot-tery, I would take a long holiday 2 used
in asking questions 쑗 Do you know if the plane is late? 쑗 I was wondering if you would like to have some tea.
ignorance
ignorance / 'nərəns/ noun a state of not knowing 왍 to keep someone in
ig-norance of something not to tell
some-one about something 쑗 The soldiers were deliberately kept in ignorance of the dangers facing them.
ignorant
ignorant / 'nərənt/ adjective not knowing anything
ignore
ignore /'
one or something deliberately 쑗 She ig-nored the red light and just drove straight through 쑗 When we met he just ignored me.
ill
ill /l/ adjective sick; not well 쑗 Stress can make you ill 쑗 If you’re feeling ill you ought to see a doctor 왍 to fall ill to
be-come ill 쑗 She fell seriously ill and we thought she was going to die 왍 to be
taken ill to become ill suddenly 쑗 He was taken ill while on holiday in Greece.
illegal
illegal /
law 쑗 It is illegal to serve alcohol to people under 16.
illegally
illegally /
way
illness
illness / lnəs/ noun a medical condition
which makes you unwell 쑗 She
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oped a serious illness 쑗 A lot of the staff
are absent because of illness (NOTE:
The plural is illnesses.)
illustrate
illustrate / ləstret/ verb to put pictures
into a book 쑗 The book is illustrated
with colour photographs of birds.
illustration
illustration /lə streʃ(ə)n/ noun a
pic-ture in a book 쑗 The book has 25 colour
illustrations.
image
image / md"/ noun 1 a picture of
someone or something 쑗 I want the
por-trait to be a faithful image of my mother.
2. a picture produced by something such
as a mirror or a computer 쑗 The mirror
throws an image onto the paper 쑗 Can
this software handle images in that
for-mat? 쑗 Can you adjust the projector?
The image on the screen is out of focus.
imaginary
imaginary / md"n(ə)ri/ adjective
not real; part of a story
imagination
imagination / md" neʃ(ə)n/ noun
the ability to think of things that are not
part of your own immediate life 쑗 She
let her imagination run riot in her
sto-ries for children.
imagine
imagine / md"n/ verb to think of
something that is not part of your own
immediate life 쑗 Imagine yourself
sit-ting on a beach in the hot sun 쑗 She
thought she had heard footsteps, and
then decided she had imagined it.
imitate
imitate / mtet/ verb to copy
some-thing or someone 쑗 The company
imi-tates its competitors by making very
similar products 쐽 to behave as
some-one else does, often to make other
peo-ple laugh 쑗 He made us all laugh by
im-itating the head teacher’s way of
walk-ing.
imitation
imitation /m teʃ(ə)n/ noun 1 a copy
made of something 2 an act of copying
someone’s behaviour in order to make
other people laugh 쑗 She does a very
good imitation of the Queen 쐽
adjec-tive made to appear to be something else
more valuable 쑗 a necklace of imitation
pearls 쑗 The bag is made of imitation
leather.
immediate
immediate /
soon 쑗 He wrote an immediate letter of
complaint 쑗 You didn’t expect an
im-mediate reply, did you? 쑗 Your order
will receive immediate attention 2.
closest, or right next to you 쑗 He had to share his book with his immediate neighbour.
immediately
immediately /
soon, or very soon after an event 쑗 He got my letter, and wrote back immedi-ately 쑗 As soon as he heard the news he immediately phoned his wife.
immoral
immoral / mɒrəl/ adjective not follow-ing the usual principles of good behav-iour
impact
impact 1 / mpkt/ noun 1 a strong
ef-fect 쑗 The TV documentary had an
strong impact on the viewers 2 an
in-stance of two things coming together
with force 쑗 The car was totally crushed by the impact of the collision 왍
on impact as soon as contact is made 쑗
The plane burst into flames on impact with the ground.
impact
impact 2 /m pkt/ verb 왍 to impact on
something to have a strong effect on
something 쑗 The fall in the value of the currency will impact strongly on busi-nesses.
impatience
impatience /m peʃ(ə)ns/ noun a lack
of the ability to wait for things in a calm way
impatient
impatient /m peʃ(ə)nt/ adjective una-ble to wait for something in a calm way;
in a hurry to do something 쑗 We were all impatient for the film to start 쑗 He’s very impatient with anyone who works slowly.
impatiently
impatiently /m peʃ(ə)ntli/ adverb in
an impatient way
implication
implication /mpl keʃ(ə)n/ noun 1.
the possible effect of an action 쑗 What will be the implications of the election
results for public spending? 2 with the
fact of being involved in a crime or
something that is morally wrong 쑗 The newspaper revealed his implication in
the affair of the stolen diamonds 3 a
suggestion that something such as a crit-icism is true although it has not been
ex-pressed directly 쑗 I resent the implica-tion that I knew anything about the re-port in advance.
imply
imply /m pla/ verb to suggest
some-thing without saying it directly 쑗 He
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plied that he knew where the papers had
been hidden 쑗 The lawyer implied that
the witness had not in fact seen the
acci-dent take place (NOTE: implies –
im-plying – implied)
impolite
impolite /mpə lat/ adjective rude; not
polite
import
import /m
a country 쑗 The company imports
tele-vision sets from Japan 쑗 This car was
imported from France.
importance
importance /m
of being important 쑗 Do not attach too
much importance to what he says 쑗 The
bank attaches great importance to the
deal.
important
important /m
having a great effect; mattering very
much 쑗 It’s important to be in time for
the interview 쑗 I have to go to London
for an important meeting 쑗 He left a file
containing important papers in the taxi.
2 (of a person) in a high position 쑗 He
has an important job 쑗 She’s an
impor-tant government official 쑗 He was
pro-moted to a more important position.
impossible
impossible /m pɒsb(ə)l/ adjective
which cannot be done 쑗 It’s impossible
to do all this work in two hours 쑗
Get-ting skilled staff is becoming impossible.
impress
impress /m pres/ verb to make
some-one feel admiration or respect 쑗 Her
rapid response to the request impressed
her boss 쑗 She was impressed by his
skill with the paintbrush 쑗 The military
government organised the display to
im-press the neighbouring states.
impression
impression /m preʃ(ə)n/ noun an
ef-fect on someone’s mind 쑗 Blue walls
create an impression of coldness 쑗 The
exhibition made a strong impression on
her.
impressive
impressive /m presv/ adjective
im-pressing people 쑗 He had a series of
im-pressive wins in the chess tournament 쑗
The government staged an impressive
display of military hardware.
improve
improve /m
something better 쑗 We are trying to
im-prove our image with a series of TV
commercials 2 to get better 쑗 The
gen-eral manager has promised that the bus
service will improve 쑗 It poured down all morning, but in the afternoon the weather improved a little.
improvement
improvement /m
a process of becoming better, or of
mak-ing somethmak-ing better 쑗 There has been
no improvement in the train service
since we complained 2 a change that
you make so that something is better
than before 쑗 They carried out some im-provements to the house 쑗 We are plan-ning some home improvements such as a new kitchen 쑗 The new software is a great improvement on the old version.
in
in /n/ preposition, adverb 1 used for
showing place 쑗 He lives in the country.
쑗 In Japan it snows a lot during the win-ter 쑗 She’s in the kitchen 쑗 He’s still in bed 쑗 Don’t stand outside in the
pour-ing rain 2 at home, in an office, at a
station 쑗 Is the boss in? 쑗 He isn’t in yet 쑗 My husband usually gets in from work about now 쑗 The train from
Bir-mingham is due in at 6.30 3 used for
showing time 쑗 In autumn the leaves turn brown 쑗 On holiday there was nothing to do in the evenings 쑗 She was born in 1999 쑗 He ate his meal in five minutes 쑗 We went for a skiing holiday
in January 4 used for showing time in
the future 쑗 I’ll be back home in about two hours 쑗 She should arrive in twenty
minutes’ time 5 fashionable 쑗 This
year, short skirts are in 6 used for
showing a state or appearance 쑗 He was dressed in black 쑗 She ran outside in her dressing gown 쑗 We’re in a hurry.
쑗 The words are set out in alphabetical order.
inability
inability /nə blti/ noun the state of
being unable to do something 쑗 His in-ability to make decisions causes prob-lems.
inch
inch /ntʃ/ noun a measure of length
equal to 2.54 centimetres 쑗 a three-and-a-half-inch disk 쑗 Snow lay six inches deep on the ground 쑗 She is five foot six inches tall (5’6’’) 쒁 foot (NOTE: The
plural is inches With numbers inch is
usually written with the symbol ": a 3½’’ disk; He is 5’ 9’’.; say: ‘a three and a half inch disk’, ‘He’s five foot nine’)
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incident
incident / nsd(ə)nt/ noun 1
thing which happens, especially
some-thing unpleasant 쑗 Last year six
hun-dred incidents of oil pollution were
re-ported 2 a violent action or
disturbance that occurs somewhere 쑗
There were several incidents during the
demonstration.
incidentally
incidentally /ns dent(ə)li/ adverb
used for mentioning something new in a
conversation
include
include /n
one or something along with others 쑗
The waiter did not include service in the
bill 쑗 The total is £140, not including
insurance and handling charges 쑗
There were 120 people at the wedding if
you include the children.
including
including /n
ing something together with something
else 쑗 The total comes to £25.00
includ-ing VAT.
income
income / nkm/ noun an amount of
money which you receive, especially as
pay for your work 쑗 Their weekly
in-come is not really enough to live on.
incorrect
incorrect /nkə rekt/ adjective wrong,
not correct
increase
increase 1 /n
something becoming larger 쑗 an
in-crease in tax or a tax inin-crease 쑗 an
in-crease in the cost of living
increase
increase 2 /
grow 쑗 The price of oil has increased
twice in the past year 2 to make a level
or amount higher 쑗 The boss increased
her salary 쑗 Rail fares have been
in-creased by 10%.
increased
increased /n
higher than before 쑗 These increased
rail fares mean that we cannot afford to
travel so much.
increasingly
increasingly /n
and more 쑗 He found it increasingly
dif-ficult to keep up with the workload at the
office 쑗 His future with the company
looks increasingly doubtful.
indeed
indeed /n
really 쑗 Thank you very much indeed
for inviting me to stay 쑗 They have been
very kind indeed to their daughter.
independence
independence /nd pendəns/ noun
1. freedom from rule by another country
쑗 The colony achieved independence ten years ago 쑗 Scotland is aiming for
independence in the next few years 2 a
state of not needing help from anyone
else 쑗 She’s eighteen and is looking for-ward to a life of independence from her family.
independent
independent /nd pendənt/ adjective
1. free, not ruled by anyone else 쑗 Slov-enia has been independent since 1991.
2. not owned by a group, not controlled
by the state 쑗 The big chains are forcing
the independent shops to close down 3.
not needing help from anyone else 쑗
She’s eighteen and wants to be inde-pendent of her family.
index
index / ndeks/ noun 1 a list, usually in
alphabetical order, showing the pages
on which different subjects appear in a
book 쑗 Look up the references to Lon-don in the index (NOTE: The plural in
this sense is indexes) 2 a regular
re-port which shows rises and falls in things such as prices and unemployment
쑗 The economic indices look very prom-ising at the moment (NOTE: The plural
in this sense is indices)
indicate
indicate / ndket/ verb to show
some-thing 쑗 Can you indicate the position of the enemy camp on this map? 쑗 The lat-est figures indicate a fall in the number
of unemployed men.
indignant
indignant /n d'nənt/ adjective feel-ing offended or angry because of an
un-fair situation 쑗 I was really indignant when I found out how much my col-league earned.
indirectly
indirectly /nd rektli/ adverb not di-rectly
individual
individual /nd vd"uəl/ noun a single
person 쑗 We welcome private individu-als as well as groups 쐽adjective
sin-gle, for a particular person 쑗 We treat each individual case on its merits 쑗 We provide each member of the tour group with an individual itinerary.
indoor
indoor /
ing 쑗 an indoor swimming pool
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indoors
indoors /n
ing 쑗 Let’s go indoors 쑗 Mum was
in-doors, reading.
industrial
industrial /n dstriəl/ adjective
relat-ing to the production of goods 쑗 The
Midlands is the main industrial region
in Britain.
industry
industry / ndəstri/ noun the production
of goods and the provision of services,
or the companies involved in this
activi-ty 쑗 Oil is a key industry 쑗 The car
in-dustry has had a good year 쑗 The
gov-ernment is helping industry to sell more
products abroad 쑗 The tourist industry
brings in a lot of foreign currency.
(NOTE: The plural is industries.)
infamous
infamous / nfəməs/ adjective famous
for being bad or unpleasant 쑗 Tourists
were warned not to go near the
infa-mous back street moneychangers.
infant
infant / nfənt/ noun a young baby
infatuation
infatuation /n ftjueʃ(ə)n/ noun a
sudden strong feeling of love for
some-one, especially someone you do not
know very well or someone who does
not love you
infect
infect /n fekt/ verb to pass on a disease
or infection to someone 쑗 He was
in-fected with the disease when he was
abroad on holiday.
infection
infection /n fekʃən/ noun a disease
which spreads from one person to
an-other 쑗 Her throat infection keeps
com-ing back 쑗 He was sneezing and
spreading infection to other people in
the office 쑗 She seems to catch every
lit-tle infection there is.
infectious
infectious /n fekʃəs/ adjective (of an
illness or an emotion such as fear)
likely to be passed from one person to
another 쑗 This strain of flu is highly
in-fectious 쑗 He’s a great music teacher
and his enthusiasm for jazz is very
infec-tious.
infinitive
infinitive /n fntv/ noun the basic
form of a verb, usually shown with ‘to’
influence
influence / nfluəns/ noun the ability to
change someone or something; an effect
쑗 He has had a good influence on the
other staff in the department 쑗 The
in-fluence of the moon on the tides 쑗 He
was charged with driving under the
in-fluence of alcohol 쐽 verb to make
someone or something change 쑗 She was deeply influenced by her old
teach-er 쑗 The moon influences the tides 쑗
The price of oil has influenced the price
of industrial goods.
inform
inform /n
something officially 쑗 Have you in-formed the police that your watch has been stolen? 쑗 I regret to inform you that your father has died 쑗 We are pleased to inform you that your offer has been accepted.
informal
informal /n
laxed, not formal 쑗 Dress casually – the party will be informal 쑗 The guide gave
us an informal talk on the history of the
castle 2 (of language) used when
talk-ing to friends and family
information
information /nfə meʃ(ə)n/ noun a
set of facts about something 쑗 She couldn’t give the police any information about how the accident happened 쑗
She gave me a very useful piece or bit of information 쑗 For further information, please write to Department 27.
informed
informed /n
lot of information, or having the latest information
infuriate
infuriate /n fjυəriet/ verb to make
someone very angry 쑗 Slow service in restaurants always infuriates him.
ingenious
ingenious /n
clever 쑗 It was an ingenious plan.
ingredient
ingredient /n
al or substance which you use to make
something 쑗 Make sure you’ve got all your ingredients together before you start cooking.
inhabit
inhabit /n hbt/ verb to live in a place
inhabitant
inhabitant /n hbt(ə)nt/ noun a per-son who lives in a particular place
initial
initial / nʃ(ə)l/ adjective first 쑗 The in-itial stage of the project went off smoothly 쑗 My initial reaction was to say ‘no’ 쑗 He started the business with
an initial sum of £500 쐽verb to write the first letters of your name on a docu-ment to show you have read and
ap-proved it 쑗 Can you initial each page of the contract to show that you have ap-proved it? 쑗 Please initial the
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Trang 10initially 167 instance
ment at the place marked with an X.
(NOTE: initials – initialling –
ini-tialled)
initially
initially / nʃ(ə)li/ adverb at the
begin-ning 쑗 Initially we didn’t like the new
flat, but we have got used to it now.
initiative
initiative / nʃətv/ noun a decision
which is intended to solve a problem 쑗
The government has proposed various
initiatives to get the negotiations
mov-ing again.
injection
injection /n d"ekʃən/ noun the act of
putting a liquid into the body using a
needle 쑗 The doctor gave him a flu
in-jection.
injure
injure / nd"ə/ verb to cause pain or
damage to a part of the body 쑗 He
in-jured his back playing rugby 쑗 He was
badly injured in a car accident.
injured
injured / nd"əd/ noun hurt 쑗 The
in-jured girl had fallen off her bike.
injury
injury / nd"əri/ noun damage to your
body 쑗 He never really recovered from
his football injury 쑗 She received
se-vere back injuries in the accident.
(NOTE: The plural is injuries.)
ink
ink /ŋk/ noun the liquid in a pen 쑗 He
has ink marks on his shirt 쑗 The ink
won’t come off the tablecloth 쑗 She
wrote comments on his work in red ink.
inland
inland / nlənd/ adverb away from the
coast of a country 쑗 If you go inland
from the port, you soon get into the
for-est.
inn
inn /n/ noun a small hotel
inner
inner / nə/ adjective inside 쑗 Go
through that arch and you will come to
the inner courtyard 쑗 Heat is
conduct-ed from the inner to the outer layer of
the material.
innocent
innocent / nəs(ə)nt/ adjective not
guilty 쑗 He was found to be innocent of
the crime 쑗 In English law, the accused
is always presumed to be innocent until
he is proved to be guilty.
innovative
innovative / nəvetv/ adjective new
in a way that has not been tried before 쑗
a very innovative design
input
input / npυt/ noun information that is
put into a computer 쑗 The input from the
various branches is fed automatically into the head office computer.
inquiry
inquiry /n kwaəri/ noun 1 a formal
in-vestigation into a problem 쑗 a govern-ment inquiry into the police force 쑗 A public inquiry will be held about plans
to build another airport 2 a question
about something 쑗 I refer to your in-quiry of May 25th 쑗 All inquiries should be addressed to this department.
쑗 He made an inquiry about trains to Edinburgh (NOTE: also spelt enquiry The plural is inquiries.)
insect
insect / nsekt/ noun a small animal
with six legs and a body in three parts 쑗
A butterfly is a kind of insect 쑗 Insects have eaten the leaves of the cabbages 쑗
She was stung by an insect.
insert
insert 1 /n
inside something else 쑗 She inserted another sentence into the letter 쑗 He in-serted each leaflet into an envelope 쑗
Insert a coin into the slot.
insert
insert 2 /
put inside something 쑗 The invitation card had an insert with a map showing how to get to the hotel.
inside
inside /n sad/ adverb in a house or
oth-er building 쑗 Come on inside – it’s cold
in the street 쑗 It rained all afternoon,
so we just sat inside and watched TV 쑗
Is there anyone there? – The house seems quite dark inside 쐽preposition
in 쑗 There was nothing inside the bottle.
쑗 She was sitting inside the car, reading
a book 쑗 I’ve never been inside his of-fice.
insist
insist /n sst/ verb to state firmly 쑗 He insisted that he had never touched the car 쑗 She insisted that she should be paid compensation for the delay.
inspect
inspect /n spekt/ verb to look at
some-thing closely 쑗 She inspected the room
to see if it had been cleaned properly.
inspector
inspector /n spektə/ noun a senior of-ficial who examines something closely
install
install /n
equipment into the place where it will
operate 쑗 It took the plumber a week to install the new central heating system.
instance
instance / nstəns/ noun an example 쑗
There have been several instances of
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... my office.homework
homework / which you take home from school to
in the evening 쑗 Have you finished your maths homework?... 쑗 This curry
is particularly hot 쑗 He chose the
hot-test dish on the menu.
hot dog
hot...
ice cream
ice cream /
sweet food made from cream and fruit,
chocolate, nuts, etc
icy
icy / asi/ adjective covered with