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Trang 1email 109 empty
email /
a system of sending messages from one
computer to another, using telephone
lines 쑗 You can contact me by phone or
email if you want 쑗 I’ll give you my
email address 2 a message sent by
email 쑗 I had two emails from him this
morning 쐽verb to send a message to
someone using email 쑗 I emailed him
about the meeting.
embarrass
embarrass /m brəs/ verb to make
someone feel uncomfortable in front of
other people, e.g by talking about
something that they would prefer other
people not to know about
embarrassed
embarrassed /m brəst/ adjective
uncomfortable or ashamed, and not
knowing what to do 쑗 She gave an
em-barrassed laugh, and said she had
for-gotten to bring the present 쑗 He was so
embarrassed that he turned bright red.
embarrassing
embarrassing /m brəsŋ/ adjective
making a person feel embarrassed 쑗 It
was very embarrassing when he told
everyone about my mistake.
embryo
embryo / embriəυ/ noun the first state
of a living organism 쑗 a human embryo
emerge
emerge /
existence as something 쑗 It was only
af-ter the election that he emerged as party
leader 2 to become known 쑗 It soon
emerged that the Prime Minister knew
nothing about what was happening.
emergency
emergency /
gerous situation such as a fire or an
ac-cident, where decisions have to be taken
quickly 쑗 Phone for an ambulance –
this is an emergency!
emotion
emotion / məυʃ(ə)n/ noun a strong
feeling 쑗 Hatred and love are two of the
most powerful emotions 쑗 He tried to
hide his emotions when he made his
speech.
emotional
emotional / məυʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ adjective
causing you to feel emotion, or showing
emotion 쑗 Saying goodbye was an
emo-tional time for us all 쑗 The music made
her feel very emotional and she started
to cry.
emphasis
emphasis / emfəss/ noun 1 the act of
showing the importance of something,
usually in speech 쑗 Don’t put too much
emphasis on his age 쑗 She banged the
table for emphasis as she spoke 2. how loud your voice is when you pronounce
a word or phrase 쑗 Everyone noticed the emphasis he put on the word ‘peace’.
(NOTE: The plural is emphases.)
emphasise
emphasise / emfəsaz/, emphasize
verb to show how important you feel something is, by saying it more loudly
or slowly 쑗 Please emphasise that the meeting must start on time 쑗 He em-phasised the importance of everyone working together 쑗 She kept on empha-sising the same point over and over again.
empire
empire / empaə/ noun several separate countries ruled by a central government
쑗 We’re studying the history of the Brit-ish Empire 쑗 The Soviet empire cov-ered a huge area from the Pacific Ocean
to the middle of Europe.
employ
employ /m plɔ/ verb 1 to give
some-one regular paid work 쑗 He is employed
as a gardener by the duke 쑗 She is
em-ployed in the textile industry 2 to use
something (formal) 쑗 If we were to em-ploy more up-to-date methods, would
we make more money? 쑗 How can we best employ our free time on Sunday?
employee
employee /m
who is employed 쑗 The company has decided to take on twenty new employ-ees.
employer
employer /m plɔə/ noun a person or organisation that gives work to people
and pays them 쑗 Her employer was a Hong Kong businessman 쑗 The car fac-tory is the biggest employer in the area.
employment
employment /m plɔmənt/ noun reg-ular paid work
empty
empty / empti/ adjective with nothing
inside, or with no people present 쑗
When we opened it, the box was empty.
쑗 Take an empty pot and fill it with soil.
쑗 The fridge is empty – we’ll have to go out to eat 쑗 The ski resorts are empty because there is no snow (NOTE:
some-thing empty 쑗 She emptied the clothes out of the suitcase 쑗 He emptied the bottle into the sink 쑗 They emptied the contents of the petty cash box into a bag.
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Trang 2enable 110 engineer
(NOTE: empties – emptying –
emp-tied)
enable
enable /n eb(ə)l/ verb to make it
possi-ble for someone to do something 쑗 The
dictionary should enable you to
under-stand English better (NOTE: enables –
enabling – enabled)
enclose
enclose /n kləυz/ verb 1 to put
some-thing inside an envelope with a letter 쑗
I am enclosing a copy of our current
catalogue 쑗 Please find our cheque
en-closed herewith 2 to put a wall or fence
round an area of land 쑗 The garden is
enclosed by high brick walls.
enclosed
enclosed /n kləυzd/ adjective
sur-rounded on all sides 쑗 an enclosed
space
encounter
encounter /n kaυntə/ verb to meet
someone or something 쑗 On the journey
we encountered several amusing
peo-ple 쑗 I have never encountered such
hospitality anywhere else.
encourage
encourage /n krd"/ verb 1 to make
it easier for something to happen 쑗
Leaving your credit cards on your desk
encourages people to steal or
encourag-es stealing 2 to help someone to do
something by giving them confidence 쑗
He encouraged me to apply for the job.
쑗 I always felt encouraged by his
inter-est in what I was doing.
encyclopedia
encyclopedia /nsaklə
containing articles on many subjects of
human knowledge, usually presented in
alphabetical order 2 a reference book
containing articles on a single subject,
arranged usually in alphabetical order 쑗
a gardening encyclopedia 쑗 the
ency-clopedia of sport
end
end /end/ noun 1 the last part of
some-thing 쑗 She tied the two ends of the
rib-bon together 쑗 The telephone rang and
I missed the end of the TV programme.
쑗 Go down to the end of the road and
then turn right 왍 to come to an end to
be finished 쑗 The work should come to
an end next month 2 the final part of a
period of time 쑗 Can you wait until the
end of the week? 쐽 verb when
some-thing ends, it reaches the point when it
stops happening 쑗 The film ends with a
wedding 쑗 The meeting ended with
eve-ryone fighting on the floor 쑗 The con-cert should end at about 10 o’clock 쑗
The game ended in a draw 앳 in the end
finally, at last 쑗 In the end the teacher let him go home 쑗 In the end the shop had to call in the police 앳 to make
to live on 쑗 I’m having trouble making ends meet.
par-ticular situation endeavour
endeavour /n devə/ verb to try very
hard to do something (formal ) 쑗 He en-deavoured to contact her by both phone and fax (NOTE: The US spelling is
en-deavor.)
ending
ending / endŋ/ noun the way a story
finishes 쑗 I like films which have a
hap-py ending 쑗 He told us so much of the story that we could guess the ending.
enemy
enemy / enəmi/ noun a person or coun-try that is not on friendly terms with
an-other, and may try to harm them 쑗 Did your husband have many enemies?
(NOTE: The plural is enemies.)
energetic
energetic /enə d"etk/ adjective active and lively
energy
energy / enəd"i/ noun 1 the force or
strength of a person 쑗 He used up a lot
of energy rushing around doing the Christmas shopping 쑗 She put all her
energies into her art gallery 2 a power
which makes something work 쑗 the use
of atomic energy or nuclear energy to make electricity 쑗 We try to save energy
by switching off the lights when the rooms are empty.
engine
engine / end"n/ noun 1 a machine
which powers or drives something 쑗
The car may need a new engine, I’m afraid 쑗 Early industrial equipment
was powered by steam engines 2 a
ve-hicle which pulls a train 쑗 The engine broke down and the train was stuck in the tunnel.
engineer
engineer /end" nə/ noun 1 a person
who looks after and repairs technical
equipment 쑗 There are not enough tele-phone engineers in the area 쑗 The pho-tocopier’s broken down again – we’ll
have to call the engineer 2 a person
whose job is to design mechanical, elec-trical or industrial equipment
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Trang 3engineering 111 entertain
engineering
engineering /end" nərŋ/ noun the
science or study of the design of
techni-cal equipment 쑗 The college offers
courses in electrical engineering.
England
England / ŋlənd/ noun a country in the
southern part of the island of Great
Brit-ain, the largest country in the United
Kingdom 쑗 How long does it take to
cross from England to France? 쑗 A lot
of Scottish people live in England.
(NOTE: the word England is often used
instead of Britain, and this is a mistake,
as England is only one part of Great
Britain; note also the capital: London;
people: the English; language:
Eng-lish; currency: pound sterling)
English
English / ŋ'lʃ/ adjective relating to
England 쑗 the beautiful English
coun-tryside 쑗 Is the English weather really
as bad as it is made out to be? 쑗 I think
she is English, although she speaks with
an Australian accent (NOTE: English is
often used instead of British This is a
mistake as England is only one part of
Great Britain Do not say the English
Prime Minister, say the British Prime
as a subject of study in school or
univer-sity 쑗 She’s good at maths but not so
good at English 쑗 As well as teaching
English, he also teaches drama 쑗 Mr
Smith is our English teacher 쑗 She
gives English lessons at home in the
evenings 쑗 There are twenty students in
my English class.
Englishman
Englishman / ŋ'lʃmən/ noun a man
from England (NOTE: The plural is
Eng-lishmen.)
Englishwoman
Englishwoman / ŋ'lʃwυmən/ noun
a woman from England (NOTE: The
plu-ral is Englishwomen.)
enhance
enhance /n
value or power of something 쑗 Slot in
this new memory board to enhance your
computer memory 쑗 He took drugs to
enhance his performance as an athlete.
enjoy
enjoy /n d"ɔ/ verb to get pleasure from
something 쑗 Have you enjoyed the
hol-iday so far? 쑗 When he asked them if
they had enjoyed the film they all
an-swered ‘no’ 쑗 She doesn’t enjoy sailing
because it make her seasick.
enjoyable
enjoyable /n d"ɔəb(ə)l/ adjective giv-ing pleasure
enjoyment
enjoyment /n d"ɔmənt/ noun pleas-ure
enlarge
enlarge /n
thing bigger 쑗 Could you enlarge this photograph?
enormous
enormous /
extremely large size 쑗 The ballroom is absolutely enormous 쑗 He ate an enor-mous lunch.
enormously
enormously / much enough
enough / nf/ adjective as much as is
needed 쑗 Have you got enough money for your fare or to pay your fare? 쑗
There isn’t enough light to take photo-graphs 쐽pronoun as much of
some-thing as is needed 쑗 I had £20 in my purse to pay the taxi, but it wasn’t enough 쑗 Have you all had enough to eat? 쐽 adverb as much as is needed 쑗
This box isn’t big enough for all these books 쑗 He doesn’t work fast enough.
ensure
ensure /n ʃυə/ verb to make sure of
something 쑗 When taking a shower, please ensure that the shower curtain is inside the bath (NOTE: ensures –
en-suring – ensured)
enter
enter / entə/ verb 1 to go into or to come
into a place 쑗 He took off his hat as he entered the church 쑗 Did they stamp your passport when you entered the
country? 2 to decide to take part in a
race or competition 쑗 She has entered
the 2,000 metres 3 to write information
on a book or a form, or to type
informa-tion into a computer system 쑗 We will just enter your name and address on the computer 쐽 noun the key on a keyboard which you press when you have finished keying something, or when you want to
start a new line 쑗 To log on to the sys-tem, type your password and press enter.
entertain
entertain /entə ten/ verb 1 to
per-form, e.g by telling stories to people or
making them laugh 쑗 He entertained us with stories of his life in the army 쑗 The tourists were entertained by the local
dance troupe 2 to have someone as a
guest and offer them a meal and drinks,
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Trang 4entertainer 112 equipment
and sometimes a place to sleep 쑗
They’re entertaining some Swedish
friends this evening.
entertainer
entertainer /entə tenə/ noun a person
who entertains people, especially as a
job
entertainment
entertainment /entə tenmənt/ noun
things such as films and shows that
peo-ple enjoy watching 쑗 She sang for their
entertainment 쑗 There’s not much
en-tertainment in the village – the nearest
cinema is 25km away.
enthusiasm
enthusiasm /n
great interest and liking 쑗 We
succeed-ed, thanks to the enthusiasm and hard
work of a small group of members 쑗
She showed a lot of enthusiasm for our
new project.
enthusiastic
enthusiastic /n stk/
adjec-tive showing great interest and approval
쑗 The editor was very enthusiastic
about my book 쑗 There were
enthusias-tic cheers at the end of the performance.
entire
entire /n taə/ adjective whole 쑗 We
spent the entire day gardening 쑗 The
entire cast came on the stage and bowed
to the audience.
entirely
entirely /n taəli/ adverb completely 쑗
I agree with you entirely 쑗 This is an
entirely separate problem.
entrance
entrance / entrəns/ noun a door for
go-ing in 쑗 She was sitting at the entrance
to the museum 쑗 Let’s meet at the side
entrance, near the café.
entrant
entrant / entrənt/ noun a person who
takes part in a race, examination or
com-petition 쑗 There are over a thousand
en-trants for the race.
entry
entry / entri/ noun 1 the act of going
into a place 쑗 The sign on the door said
‘No Entry’ 2 the door or opening
where you go into a place 쑗 The entry to
the cave was blocked by rocks 3 a piece
of information in a such as a dictionary,
or in a computer system 쑗 She looked up
the entry on ‘roses’ in the gardening
en-cyclopaedia.
envelope
envelope / envələυp/ noun a folded
pa-per cover for sending letters in 쑗 She
wrote the address on the envelope and
sealed it 쑗 She wrote down all the
in-formation on the back of an envelope.
envious
envious / enviəs/ adjective feeling or showing in an unhappy way that you would like to have something that some-one else has
environment
environment /n varənmənt/ noun the land, the water, the air and the build-ings which are around us, and the
condi-tions in which we live 쑗 The environ-ment in the office is not good for con-centrated work 쑗 The pollution produced by the factory is causing long-term damage to the environment.
environmental
environmental /n varən ment(ə)l/ adjective relating to the environment 쑗
measures taken to protect against envi-ronmental pollution 쑗 She’s joined an environmental group.
envy
envy / envi/ noun an unhappy feeling that you would like to have something
which someone else has 쑗 Her beautiful long dark hair filled us all with envy 쐽
verb to have the unhappy feeling that you would like to have something that
someone else has 쑗 I don’t envy him with a job like that! (NOTE: envies –
en-vying – envied)
enzyme
enzyme / enzam/ noun a protein pro-duced by living cells which makes other substances change, as when digestion takes place
equal
equal /
the same amount as something else 쑗
His share is equal to mine 쑗 Male and female employees must have equal pay.
쑗 The two sticks are of equal length or are equal in length 쐽 verb 1 to be
ex-actly the same as 쑗 His time for the 100
metres equals the existing record 2 to
give a particular result 쑗 Two plus two equals four 쑗 Ten take away four equals six (NOTE: equals – equalling –
equalled The US spelling is equaling
the same level as someone else 쑗 I don’t consider him your equal 쑗 We’re all equals here.
equally
equally /
same way 쑗 They are all equally guilty.
쑗 Here men and women are paid
equal-ly badequal-ly 쑗 They were both equally re-sponsible for the mistake.
equipment
equipment / kwpmənt/ noun all the things such as tools, arms and machines
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Trang 5error 113 Europe
which are needed for something 쑗 He
brought all his camera equipment with
him 쑗 Do you really need all this
equip-ment for a short climb? (NOTE: no
plu-ral: for one item say a piece of
equip-ment.)
error
error / erə/ noun something that is
wrong, especially a mistake in writing
or speaking 쑗 There isn’t a single error
in the whole document 쑗 The waiter
made an error in calculating the bill.
erupt
erupt / rpt/ verb (of a volcano) to
throw out fire and other very hot
sub-stances 쑗 The volcano last erupted in
1968.
escape
escape / skep/ noun the act of getting
away from prison or from a difficult
sit-uation 쑗 There were three escapes from
this jail last year 쑗 A weekend by the
sea was a wonderful escape from the
of-fice.
especially
especially / speʃ(ə)li/ adverb 1 used
for showing that something is the case
to a great degree 쑗 This suitcase is
espe-cially heavy 2 used for showing that
something is more important or true 쑗
She does get tired, especially on school
day.
essay
essay / ese/ noun a piece of writing on
a specific subject 쑗 a collection of the
writer’s most famous essays 쑗 For our
homework, we have to write an essay on
pollution.
essential
essential / senʃəl/ adjective which is
very important or which you must have
쑗 You can survive without food for some
time, but water is essential 쑗 It is
essen-tial that we get the delivery on time 쐽
noun a thing which is very important or
which you cannot do without 쑗 Sun
cream is an essential in the desert 쑗
We’ve got all the basic essentials – food,
water and fuel.
essentially
essentially / senʃəli/ adverb used for
saying what is the most true, or the most
important fact 쑗 My new job is
essen-tially not so very different from my old
one 쑗 Although he’s essentially a kind
man, he does lose his temper sometimes.
establish
establish / stblʃ/ verb 1 to create
something, to set something up 쑗 The
business was established in Scotland in
1823 쑗 We need to establish a good working relationship with our
col-leagues 2. to discover or prove
some-thing 쑗 If only the police could establish where the car was parked that evening.
쑗 It’s difficult to establish what her rea-sons are for resigning.
establishment
establishment / stblʃmənt/ noun
1. the act of creating something 쑗 She helped them with the establishment of the local drama society (NOTE: no
plu-ral in this sense) 2 a business; an
or-ganisation 쑗 It’s an establishment which imports radios from China 쑗 He runs
an important teaching establishment.
Establishment, the
Establishment, the / stblʃmənt/ noun the most important people in soci-ety, especially those who are in
authori-ty 쑗 He spent a lot of his life fighting against the Establishment.
estate
estate / stet/ noun 1 a large area of
land belonging to one owner 쑗 He owns
a 250-acre estate in Norfolk 2 a group
of houses on one piece of land, usually all built at the same time
estimate
estimate 1 / estmət/ noun a calculation
or guess which shows the amount of something you think there is, or its
worth or cost 쑗 I wasn’t in when they came to read the gas meter, so this bill is only an estimate 쑗 Your estimate of two dozen visitors proved to be correct 왍
she gave me a rough estimate she gave
me an approximate calculation estimate
estimate 2 / estmet/ verb to calculate
or guess how much you think something
will cost or is worth 쑗 I estimate that it will cost £100,000 쑗 He estimated costs at £50,000.
etc.
etc. /et setərə/, etcetera adverb and so
on, and other things like this 쑗 Fruit such as oranges, bananas, etc.
euro
euro / jυərəυ/ noun the unit of money used by most countries in the European
Union 쑗 Many articles are priced in eu-ros 쑗 What’s the exchange rate for the euro? (NOTE: written Ä before num-bers: Ä250: say: ‘two hundred and fifty euros’)
Europe
Europe / jυərəp/ proper noun 1 the
continent of Europe, the part of the world to the west of Asia, extending
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Trang 6European 114 evil
from Russia to Ireland 쑗 Most of the
countries of Western Europe are
mem-bers of the EU 2. the same area, but not
including the UK 쑗 Holidays in Europe
are less popular than last year.
European
European /jυərə
lating to Europe
evaluate
evaluate / vljuet/ verb to make a
judgement about something after
think-ing carefully about it 쑗 The students
were asked to evaluate the usefulness of
the lessons.
evaluation
evaluation / vlju eʃ(ə)n/ noun the
act of evaluating something, or the
judgement made in this way (NOTE: no
plural)
evaporate
evaporate / vpəret/ verb (of liquid)
to turn into steam by being heated 쑗
Wa-ter gradually evaporates from the soil.
even
The road has a smooth, even surface 2.
not changing 쑗 They kept up an even
pace for miles 쑗 The temperature is an
even 28° all through the day 쐽 adverb
used for showing surprise or making an
expression stronger 쑗 He doesn’t even
like strawberries 쑗 Even the cleverest
businessperson can make mistakes 쑗
She’s tall, but her sister is even taller.
evening
evening /
the day, when it starts to get dark 쑗 I
saw her yesterday evening 쑗 The
acci-dent took place at 8.30 in the evening 쑗
We arrived in London at breakfast time,
having left New York the previous
evening 쑗 We always go to a restaurant
on Sunday evenings 쑗 They took an
evening flight to Madrid 쑗 The evening
meal is served from 7.30 to 10.30.
evenly
evenly /
way
event
event / vent/ noun something important
which happens 쑗 the events leading up
to the war 쑗 A baby’s first birthday is
always a very happy event.
eventually
eventually / ventʃuəli/ adverb in the
end 쑗 After weeks of hesitation he
even-tually decided to sell the cottage.
ever
ever / evə/ adverb at any time (used with
negatives and in questions)쑗 Nothing
ever happens here 쑗 Did you ever meet
my brother? 쑗 Have you ever been to Germany?
evergreen
evergreen /
which keeps its leaves all winter 쑗 Holly and other evergreens can be used as decorations in winter.
every
every / evri/ adjective 1 each 쑗 It rained every day during the holidays 쑗 We have a party every New Year’s Day 쑗
Every Wednesday, he goes for a swim in the local pool 쑗 Every house in the
street has a garden 2 with a particular
amount of time or distance in between 쑗
The medicine is to be taken every four hours 쑗 Have your car checked every 10,000 kilometres.
everybody
everybody / evribɒdi/ pronoun same as
everyone
everyone
everyone / evriwn/ pronoun all the people involved in a particular situation
쑗 Everyone has to die some day 쑗 If everybody is here, we can start 쑗 Eve-ryone must show their passport (NOTE:
everyone and everybody are
fol-lowed by they, their, themselves,
etc., but the verb stays singular: Is ryone enjoying themselves? Not eve-rybody likes pop music, do they?) 왍
Only Maggie could come – everyone else was too busy.
everything
everything / evriθŋ/ pronoun 1 all
things 쑗 Did you bring everything you need? 쑗 The burglars stole everything
of value 쑗 Everything he says annoys
me 2 things in general 쑗 Everything was dark in the street 쑗 Everything is under control.
everywhere
everywhere / evriweə/ adverb in all
places 쑗 There were papers lying about everywhere 쑗 We’ve looked everywhere for the key and can’t find it.
evidence
evidence / evd(ə)ns/ noun a fact which proves that something really exists or
has happened 쑗 The bloodstains on his coat were clear evidence of the crime 쑗
Scientists are looking for evidence of life on Mars 쑗 There is no evidence that
he was ever there.
evident
evident / evd(ə)nt/ adjective obvious evil
evil /
쑗 She’s considered to be an evil woman.
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쑗 His evil intentions were evident as
soon as he locked the door.
ex-ex- /eks/ prefix used for showing that a
person used to have a particular job or
relationship 쑗 an ex-soldier 쑗 Tom’s my
ex-boyfriend.
exact
exact /' zkt/ adjective completely
ac-curate, with no more or no less 쑗 What
is the exact time of arrival? 쑗 Could you
repeat the exact words she used? 쑗 The
salesgirl asked me if I had the exact
sum, since she had no change.
exactly
exactly /' zktli/ adverb not more, not
less 쑗 That comes to exactly ten dollars
and fifty cents 쑗 The time is exactly
16.24.
exaggerate
exaggerate /' zd"əret/ verb to
make things seem, e.g worse, better,
bigger than they really are 쑗 The wide
black belt exaggerates her small waist.
쑗 She exaggerated the importance of my
contribution.
exam
exam /' zm/ noun same as
examina-tion 쑗 The exam was very difficult –
half the students failed 쑗 She passed all
her exams.
examination
examination /' zm neʃ(ə)n/ noun
1. an occasion on which someone looks
at something to see if it works properly,
or to see if something is wrong 쑗 He
had to have an X-ray examination 쑗
The examination of the car showed that
its brakes were faulty 2 a written or
spoken test 쑗 The examination was very
difficult – half the students failed 쑗 He
did badly in his English examination 쑗
She came first in the final examination
for the course (NOTE: often shortened
to exam in this sense)
examine
examine /' zmn/ verb 1 to look
carefully at something to see what is in
it, or what it is like 쑗 The doctor
exam-ined her throat 쑗 We will have to
exam-ine the shop’s scales to see if they show
the correct weight 쑗 The customs
offi-cials wanted to examine the inside of the
car 쑗 The water samples were
exam-ined in the laboratory 2 to test a
stu-dent 쑗 They examined everyone in
mathematics and computer skills.
examiner
examiner /' zmnə/ noun a person
who conducts an exam
example
example /'
chosen to show something 쑗 This is a good example of French architecture of the eleventh century 왍 to set an
exam-ple to do things well or properly
your-self, so that other people can copy you 쑗
He sets everyone a good example by get-ting into the office before 8.00 every morning 왍 to make an example of
someone to punish someone so that
oth-ers will learn not to do what that poth-erson
did 쑗 Her teacher made an example of her by making her miss the class trip.
exceed
exceed /k
something 쑗 The car was exceeding the speed limit 쑗 Our expenses have ex-ceeded our income for the first time 쑗
Did the UN troops exceed their man-date?
excellent
excellent / eksələnt/ adjective very
good 쑗 We had an excellent meal in a Chinese restaurant 쑗 Her handwriting
is excellent – it is much clearer than mine.
except
except /k sept/ preposition not
includ-ing 쑗 She’s allowed to eat anything ex-cept milk products 쑗 Everyone was sick
on the boat, except (for) me 쑗 VAT is levied on all goods except books, news-papers, food and children’s clothes 쐽
conjunction other than; apart from 쑗 He doesn’t do anything except sit and watch football on the TV 쑗 Everything went well, except that James was sick 쑗
Everyone enjoyed the birthday party, except (that) there wasn’t enough to eat.
(NOTE: [all senses] Do not confuse with
accept.)
exception
exception /k sepʃən/ noun something
that is not included 쑗 All the students failed, with one exception 쑗 Are there any exceptions to the rule?
exceptionally
exceptionally /k sepʃən(ə)li/ adverb
to a very great degree, often so great as
to be surprising exchange
exchange /ks tʃend"/ verb to give one thing and to get another thing back
쑗 The footballers from the two teams ex-changed shirts at the end of the match.
쐽 noun the act of giving one thing for
another 쑗 the exchange of rings during the wedding ceremony
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Trang 8excited 116 expectation
excited
excited /k satd/ adjective lively and
happy because you think something
good is going to happen 쑗 She’s excited
at or by the thought of going on holiday.
쑗 The children are excited because it’s
the Christmas holidays 쑗 What’s
every-one so excited about? 쑗 It was lovely to
see the children’s happy and excited
faces.
excitement
excitement /k satmənt/ noun the
feeling of being excited 쑗 What’s all the
excitement about? 쑗 The children are
always in a state of excitement before
the holidays.
exciting
exciting /k satŋ/ adjective 1 making
you feel excited 쑗 The news about the
house is really exciting 2 (of, e.g a
film or an experience) full of activity,
sometimes making you a little scared
because you do not know what is going
to happen 쑗 I couldn’t sleep after
watching an exciting film on TV.
exclaim
exclaim /k sklem/ verb to say
some-thing loudly and suddenly
exclude
exclude /k
someone or something 쑗 Damage by
fire is excluded from the insurance
poli-cy 쑗 Don’t exclude his name from your
list.
excuse
excuse 1 /k
for doing something wrong, or for not
doing what was expected 쑗 His excuse
for not coming was that he forgot the
date.
excuse
excuse 2 /k
someone for making a small mistake 쑗
Please excuse my arriving late like this.
execute
execute /
someone as a punishment 쑗 The
gov-ernment’s political enemies were
exe-cuted 2. to do something that has been
planned or agreed (formal) 쑗 As part of
the test, drivers are asked to execute an
emergency stop 3 in computing, to
car-ry out instructions 쑗 Press ENTER to
execute the program.
exercise
exercise / eksəsaz/ noun practice in
using physical or mental powers 쑗 She
does her piano exercises every morning.
왍 to take exercise to do physical
move-ments, like walking or running, in order
to keep fit 쑗 You should take some
exer-cise every day if you want to lose weight.
exercise book
exercise book / eksəsaz bυk/ noun a notebook with lines on each page for writing school work in
exhausted
exhausted /'
tired 쑗 I’m exhausted after running three miles 쑗 They staggered back home very late, with three exhausted children.
exhibition
exhibition /eks bʃ(ə)n/ noun a public show of things such as paintings or
flowers 쑗 The exhibition is open from
10 a.m to 5 p.m 쑗 We stood in line for half an hour waiting to get into the Pi-casso exhibition.
exist
exist /' zst/ verb to be real or present 쑗
When I was a child, colour TV didn’t ex-ist 쑗 I don’t believe the document exists – I think it has been burnt.
existence
existence /' zstəns/ noun the state of
being a real thing; life 쑗 Is there any-thing which proves the existence of life
on Mars? 쑗 They lived a miserable ex-istence in a little coal mining town.
existing
existing /' zstŋ/ adjective in
opera-tion at this moment 쑗 Can we modify the existing structure in some way? 쑗
Existing regulations do not allow the sale of food in the street.
exit
exit / e'zt/ noun a way out of a building
쑗 The customers all rushed towards the exits when the fire alarm rang.
expand
expand /k spnd/ verb to increase the
size or extent of something 쑗 We have plans to expand our business.
expect
expect /k spekt/ verb 1 to think or to
hope that something is going to happen
쑗 We expect him to arrive at any
mo-ment or he is expected at any momo-ment 2.
to think or guess that something is the
case 쑗 I expect you are tired after your
long train journey 3 to think that it is
right that someone should do something
쑗 He expects me to do all the
house-work 4 to be waiting for someone 쑗 I can’t talk for long – we’re expecting vis-itors.
expectation
expectation /ekspek teʃ(ə)n/ noun hope; a feeling that something will
hap-pen 쑗 She lived up to all our expecta-tions 쑗 We thought our team would do
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Trang 9expected 117 export
well, but in the end they exceeded all our
expectations.
expected
expected /k spektd/ adjective 1.
which you think or hope will happen 2.
due to arrive 쑗 Our guests are expected
at 10 o’clock.
expedition
expedition /eksp dʃ(ə)n/ noun a
journey to explore a place 쑗 He set off
on an expedition to the South Pole.
expense
expense /k spens/ noun an amount of
money that you have to pay 쑗 I can’t
af-ford the expense of a holiday just now 쑗
The expense of running a household
seems to increase every week.
expensive
expensive /k spensv/ adjective
cost-ing a lot of money 쑗 Fresh vegetables
are more expensive in winter 쑗 Send
your furniture to Australia by sea – it
would be much too expensive by air.
experience
experience /k spəriəns/ noun 1.
knowledge obtained by working or
liv-ing in various situations 쑗 I have no
ex-perience of travelling in the desert 쑗
You must write down the full details of
your past experience in your CV 쑗
Some experience of selling is required
for this job (NOTE: no plural in this
sense) 2 something that happens to
you 쑗 Going to the top of the Eiffel
Tow-er was a wondTow-erful expTow-erience 쑗 He
wrote a book about his experiences in
the desert 쐽 verb to live through
some-thing 쑗 I’m surprised she’s so cheerful
after all she experienced in hospital 쑗 I
have experienced a great deal of
pleas-ure and frustration in my career 쑗 He is
experiencing sharp pains in his tooth.
experienced
experienced /k spəriənst/ adjective
good at something because you have
learnt a lot from particular experiences
you have had 쑗 She’s a very
experi-enced doctor 쑗 He’s the most
experi-enced member of our staff 쑗 The police
are experienced in crowd control.
experiment
experiment 1 /k spermənt/ noun a
scientific test; a way of finding out
about something 쑗 to carry out
scientif-ic experiments 쑗 We’re offering our
cus-tomers free samples as an experiment.
experiment
experiment 2 /k sperment/ verb to
carry out a scientific test 쑗 They are
ex-perimenting with a new treatment for
asthma 쑗 The laboratory does not ex-periment on live animals.
expert
expert /
lot about a subject 쑗 They can give you
expert advice on DIY 2 왍 expert at
do-ing somethdo-ing very good at dodo-ing
something 쑗 I’m not very expert at mak-ing pastry 쐽 noun 1 a person who
knows a great deal about a subject 쑗 a leading expert in tropical medicine or
on tropical diseases 쑗 A rose expert was
the judge at the flower show 2 a person
who is very good at doing something 쑗
an expert plumber 쑗 He’s an expert at getting the children to go to bed.
explain
explain /k splen/ verb 1 to give
rea-sons for something 쑗 Can you explain why the weather is cold in winter and
warm in summer? 2 to make something
clear 쑗 He tried to explain the new pen-sion scheme to the staff 쑗 She explained what had happened, but the manager still thought she had tried to steal the watch.
explanation
explanation /eksplə neʃ(ə)n/ noun a
reason for something 쑗 The police
offic-er asked him for an explanation of why the stolen car was in his garage 쑗 The company has given no explanation for the change of plan.
explode
explode /k spləυd/ verb (of bombs, etc.) to blow up 쑗 A bomb exploded in a crowded train.
explore
explore /k cover place and things that you have not
seen before 쑗 It is a part of the jungle which has never been explored before 쑗
We spent our holidays exploring Hol-land by canal.
explosion
explosion /k spləυ"(ə)n/ noun an oc-casion on which something such as a
bomb explodes 쑗 Several explosions were heard during the night as the army occupied the city.
explosive
explosive /k spləυsv/ noun a sub-stance used for destroying things by
making them explode 쑗 Tests revealed traces of explosive on his hands 쑗 The box contained explosives 쑗 Police ex-plosives experts defused the bomb.
export
export 1 /
selling products in other countries 쑗
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Trang 10export 118 eye
They make cars for export 쑗 There is a
big export trade in wine 쐽 a product
sent to a foreign country to be sold 쑗
The country’s major export is tea 쑗
Ex-ports to Africa have increased by 25%.
export
export 2 /k
a foreign country for sale 쑗 The
compa-ny exports half of what it produces.
express
express /k spres/ verb to show
thoughts or feelings in words, pictures
or actions 쑗 He expressed his gratitude
in a short speech 쑗 His paintings
ex-press his inner thoughts 쑗 His grief was
expressed in fierce anger and constant
activity 쐽 noun a fast train 쑗 We took
the express from London to Glasgow.
expression
expression /k spreʃ(ə)n/ noun 1 a
word, or group of words 쑗 ‘Until the
cows come home’ is an expression
which means ‘for a very long time’ 2 a
look on a person’s face which shows a
feeling 쑗 His expression showed how
miserable he was 쑗 Everyone noticed
the expression of surprise on her face 3.
the act of expressing thoughts and
feel-ings
extend
extend /k stend/ verb 1 to stretch
something out 쑗 She extended both
arms in welcome 2 to cover a particular
are area of land 쑗 The grounds of the
house extend over two hectares 3 to
make something longer or bigger 쑗 We
are planning to extend our garden 쑗
The company has extended my contract
for another two years.
extension
extension /k stenʃən/ noun 1 the act
of extending something 쑗 My visa has
expired, so I have applied for an
exten-sion 2 a telephone in an office which is
connected to the company’s main line 쑗
Can you get me extension 21? 쑗 The
manager is on extension 23.
extensive
extensive /k stensv/ adjective
cover-ing a large area or amount 쑗 The
grounds of the house are very extensive.
쑗 The church roof needs extensive
re-pair work.
extent
extent /k stent/ noun the degree, size or
area of something 쑗 The extent of the
earthquake damage was only revealed
later 쑗 He opened up the map to its full
extent.
external
external /k
outside 쑗 The external walls of the house are quite solid 쑗 Her injuries were all external.
extinct
extinct /k stŋkt/ adjective 1 (of a type
of animal or plant) no longer in exist-ence, because all of the same kind have
died 쑗 These birds are in danger of
be-coming extinct 2 ((of a volcano)) no
longer active 쑗 The mountain is an ex-tinct volcano.
extra
extra / ekstrə/ adjective more than
usu-al; additional 쑗 We need an extra four teachers or four extra teachers for this course 쑗 The charge for delivery is ex-tra 쑗 Staff get extra pay for working on Sundays.
extraordinarily
extraordinarily /k adverb extremely 쑗 Her action was ex-traordinarily brave.
extraordinary
extraordinary /k
jective 1 wonderful 쑗 Seeing her again gave him an extraordinary thrill 쑗 A peacock’s feathers are quite
extraordi-nary 2 very unusual 쑗 It’s extraordi-nary weather for June.
extreme
extreme /k
great 쑗 The device is made to withstand extreme cold 쑗 He showed extreme
re-luctance to get involved 2 considered
unreasonable by some people 쑗 He holds extreme views.
extremely
extremely /k
great degree 쑗 It was extremely hot in August 쑗 The film is extremely long, and some people left before the end 쑗 It
is extremely difficult to spend less than
$50.00 a day on meals in New York.
eye
eye /a/ noun 1 the organ in the head
which you see with 쑗 He has brown eyes 쑗 Close your eyes and count to ten while we all hide 쑗 I’ve got a bit of dust
in my eye 2 a small hole in the end of a
needle, through which the thread goes 앳
someone who is looking at you 쑗 She caught his eye and nodded towards the door 앳 to keep an eye on someone
something carefully to see that it is safe
쑗 Can you keep an eye on the house while we are away? 앳 to keep an eye
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... EnglishPrime Minister, say the British Prime
as a subject of study in school or
univer-sity 쑗 She’s good at maths but not so
good