PROPOSED INDICATORS FOR MONITORING STRATEGY IMPROVEMENT ppt

Integrated Environmental Assessment 2.1 Integrated Approach DPSIR 2.2 DPSIR Application to TT-Hue Coastal Zone... 2.2 DPSIR Application for TT-Hue Coastal ZoneResidues Soil Pesticides Mi

PROPOSED INDICATORS

FOR MONITORING STRATEGY IMPROVEMENT

in Thua Thien-Hue Coastal Zone, Vietnam

PROPOSED INDICATORS

FOR MONITORING STRATEGY IMPROVEMENT

in Thua Thien-Hue Coastal Zone, Vietnam

Pham Hong Nga

HWRU

1 Why develop “core” indicators for TTHue

coastal zone

CONTENT

1 Why develop “core” indicators

for TTHue coastal zone

2 Integrated Environmental

Assessment

2.1 Integrated Approach (DPSIR)

2.2 DPSIR Application to TT-Hue Coastal Zone

2.1 Integrated Approach (DPSIR)

A conceptual model to analyse cause-effect relationship by a set of

indicators of environmental and societal systems (EEA, 1999)

2 Integrated Environmental Assessment

2.2 DPSIR Application for TT-Hue Coastal Zone

2.2 DPSIR Application for TT-Hue Coastal Zone

Driver 1: Growing Population

µ DRIVING FORCE of Growing Population:

{ Dense coastal communities

{ Urban and indutrial expansion

µ PRESSURES of Growing Population:

{ Low living standard

{ Domestic waste and wastewater

2.2 DPSIR Application for TT-Hue Coastal Zone

Residues

Soil

Pesticides

Microorganism killing

Runoff

Toxic to aquatic species and human

Land clearing

Deforestation

Erosion

Sedimentation inthe lagoon

2.2 DPSIR Application for TT-Hue Coastal Zone

Driver 3: Fisheries and Aquaculture

DRIVING FORCE of Fisheries and Aquaculture:

{ Employment of 1/3 of total provincial population

{ Increasingly expanded in term of both, production and area

{ Master Plan for the Aquaculture Development in the lagoon:

Total area in 2001: 2,976 ha Expected area in 2005: 4,745 ha

and in 2010: 7,100 ha

2.2 DPSIR Application for TT-Hue Coastal Zone

Driver 3: Fisheries and Aquaculture

FISHERIES

Overfishing

Loss of fish species

Loss of fisheries income

Loss of biodiversity

2.2 DPSIR Application for TT-Hue Coastal Zone

Driver 3: Fisheries and Aquaculture

Sand duneerosion

Sedimentation

in lagoonFlooding/

Shallowing

Morphological process disturbance

OverfeedingChemical

Effluent residues

Effluent

NutrientssurplusEutrophicationToxic to species

and human

Coliforms

Viral diseases

2.2 DPSIR Application for TT-Hue Coastal Zone

Driver 4: Tourism

0 500,000 1,000,000 1,500,000 2,000,000 2,500,000

(estimated)

2010 (estimated)

yearly growing rate: 20%

2.2 DPSIR Application for TT-Hue Coastal Zone

Water

biodiversity

Construction of Infrastructure and tourism facilities

Exploitation of construction material

Soil erosion

Occupancy of natural habitatLoss of

agricultural field

2.2 DPSIR Application for TT-Hue Coastal Zone

Driver 5: Sea Level Rise

µ IPCC & UNEP:

Last 100 years: temperature increased 0.6oC and

sea level rose 10-25 cm Next 100 years: temperature to increase 0.2–0.5oC per decade and

sea level to rise 30 – 88 cm

µ VVA (1994-1996):

Extreme water levels (60 cm sealevel rise dashed line)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Return period (years)

Red River

Hue

2.2 DPSIR Application for TT-Hue Coastal Zone

Driver 5: Sea Level Rise

SEA LEVEL RISE

Increased frequency and severity of extreme event

Human safety

&

property risk

GLOBAL WARMING

Loss of beaches, arable land and marshes

Loss of brackish system

Inland agriculture &

water supply

disruptionIncreased salt

intrusion

2.2 DPSIR Application for TT-Hue Coastal Zone

(3) southern Quang An and Sam-AT

declines or not.

qualification

0 5 10 15 20 25

Olau Quang An Sam An Vinh Giang Loc Dien Huong River Truoi River

 Inlets are very unstable

 Erosion occurs at Thuan An area with

aver rate: 5-6m/year

max rate: 10-12m/year

µ STATE (con’t)

2.2 DPSIR Application for TT-Hue Coastal Zone

2.2 DPSIR Application for TT-Hue Coastal Zone

µ IMPACTS:

U Loss of healthy ecosystem:

brackish species loss/changes, bird disappearance,

toxic algae bloom

U Human health risk:

Water-related diseasesFood-related diseases

U Human safety and property risk

U Loss of economic profits

2.2 DPSIR Application for TT-Hue Coastal Zone

µ RESPONSES:

9 ICZM (zoning, planning, institution

strengthening, monitoring,

public awareness and participation etc.)

9 Integrated River Basin Management,

Pest Integrated Management (PIM)

9 Marine protected areas)

2.2 DPSIR Application for TT-Hue Coastal Zone

z DISCUSSION on causal-consequence relationship

Example: Critical issue of Water Quality

Increased domestic and industrial effluent

Increased fertilizer and

pesticide use

Overfeeding for fish farming

Excretes effluent of fish farms

WATER POLLUTION

PIM

Treatment facilities

Public awareness

Treatment facilities

ICZM

- Treatment facilities;

- Regulation and Management

Public health care

Restoration;

ICZM

ICZM

3 Core Indicators Proposal

3 Core Indicators Proposal

DPSIR Indicators Monitoring Indicators

Urbanization Coastal discharge

Loss of healthy ecosystem

(brackish species loss/changes, bird disappearance, toxic algae bloom)

Human health risk

(Water-related diseases, Food-related diseases)

Human safety and property risk Loss of economic profits

ICZM (zoning, planning,

institution strengthening,

monitoring, public awareness and participation etc.)

Integrated River Basin Management Pest Integrated Management (PIM) Marine protected areas)

etc

Current

monitoring

indicator

4 Conclusions and

Recommendations

4.1 Conclusions

4.2 Recommendations

4.1 Conclusions

z DPSIR Output:

{ Drivers: complex & resource-based

{ Pressures: intense & sustained

{ State: changed & degraded

{ Impacts: increasingly significant

Thank you