Pro Web 2.0 Mashups Remixing Data and Web Services phần 10 pps

“Derivative Work” means a work based upon the Work or upon the Work and otherpre-existing works, such as a translation, musical arrangement, dramatization,fictionalization, motion pictur

hCard and adr

hCard(http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard) is used to represent such entities as people,organizations, companies, and places An easy way to get started with hCard is to use thehCard Creator at http://microformats.org/code/hcard/creator

Let’s create an hCard for Tim Berners-Lee, the inventor of the Web, drawing on his webpage at http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/ to come up with the following:

<div id="hcard-Tim-Berners-Lee" class="vcard">

<a class="url fn" href="http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/">Tim Berners-Lee</a>

<div class="org">World Wide Web Consortium</div>

<a class="email" href="mailto:timbl@w3.org">timbl@w3.org</a>

<div class="tel">+1 (617) 253 5702</div>

<p style="font-size:smaller;">This <a href="http://microformats.org/wiki/hcard">hCard</a> created with the <a href="http://microformats.org/code/hcard/creator">hCard creator</a>

There is support in adr for the following properties, which show up in adr as (X)HTMLattributes according to class-design-pattern:

• postal-code

• country-name

hCalendar

hCalendar(http://microformats.org/wiki/hcalendar) is a microformat-based iCalendar used

to represent calendar information To quickly create an instance, use the hCalendar Creator

(http://microformats.org/code/hcalendar/creator), or consult the hCalendar cheat sheet

(http://microformats.org/wiki/hcalendar-cheatsheet) Let’s create an hCalendar for the

WWW 2008 conference (http://www2008.org/):

<div class="vevent"

id="hcalendar-WWW-2008-17th-International-World-Wide-Web-Conference">

<a class="url" href="http://www2008.org/">

<abbr class="dtstart" title="20080421">April 21th</abbr> &mdash;

<abbr class="dtend" title="20080426">25th, 2008</abbr>

and standards bodies working to shape the Web Since its inception in 1994, the WWW

conference has become the annual venue for international discussions and debate on

the future evolution of the Web."</div>

<p style="font-size: smaller;">This

<a href="http://microformats.org/wiki/hcalendar">hCalendar event</a>

brought to you by the

<a href="http://microformats.org/code/hcalendar/creator">hCalendar Creator</a>

</p>

</div>

Other Microformats

Here are some other noteworthy microformats:

• xoxo (http://microformats.org/wiki/xoxo) represents hierarchical outlines (that is,nested lists)

• vote-links (http://microformats.org/wiki/vote-links) indicates whether a link sents a vote-for, vote-abstain, or vote-against the link

repre-• hReview (http://microformats.org/wiki/hreview) represents reviews of URLs

• hResume (http://microformats.org/wiki/hresume) represents resumes

Microformats in Practice

You can learn a lot about microformats by studying how they are actually being used on theWeb Some implementations include the following:

• The use of adr, hCard, hCalendar, tag, and geo by Upcoming.yahoo.com and Eventful.com

• The use of adr and hCard at Yahoo! Local

• The use of hCard and adr on Technorati

I suggest using the list of implementations of microformats in the wild (http://microformats.org/wiki/examples-in-the-wild), which includes lists for geo, hCalendar,hCard, hReview, and include-pattern Go to the listed sites, and use Operator to pick outthe microformats

Programming with Microformats

For simple microformats, including the ones that depend on rel-design-pattern, it should besimple enough to write your own code to parse data from and write data to the appropriatereland rev attributes It takes a lot more work to handcraft parsers for complicated microfor-mats such as hCard and hCalendar because there are many possible properties

There are no schemas for microformats, only specifications written for direct humaninterpretation, which makes difficult any autogeneration of high-quality language-specificparsers from the specifications.9

A challenge in working with microformats is the lack of validators Norm Walsh arguesthat W3C Schema and Relax-NG will not work for the purpose of expressing the syntax ofmicroformats as schemas, though Schematron might be up for the task.10You can use XMDP,

a schema (of sorts) geared to easy human consumption, to get partway to generating tors, argues Brian Suda, at least for some simple formats.11

valida-Hence, you will need to look for some handcrafted language-specific libraries to handlemicroformats Start by looking at http://microformats.org/wiki/implementations

Language-Specific Libraries

Here are some language-specific libraries:

• mofo (http://mofo.rubyforge.org/) is a new Ruby library that has support for a variety

of microformats including hCard, hCalendar, and xfn

• uformats (http://rubyforge.org/projects/uformats/) is another Ruby library that hassupport for hReview, hCard, hCalendar, rel-tag, rel-license, and include-pattern

9 http://smackman.com/2006/06/01/an-old-idea/ and rdf-in-xhtml-tf/2006Jun/0011.html

http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-10 See http://norman.walsh.name/2006/04/13/validatingMicroformats for more about validatingmicroformats Erik van der Vlist adds to this analysis at http://eric.van-der-vlist.com/blog/2277_Validating_microformats.item

11 http://norman.walsh.name/2005/09/05/microformats#comment0008

• For PHP 5, consider using hKit (http://allinthehead.com/hkit/), which has supportfor hCard.

• Probably the best library out there is Microformats.js, which is the heart of the Operatoradd-on.12

There are interesting things to do with Operator, both for what it can do today and forhow it might be a harbinger of things to come in Firefox 3 (which might have native support

for microformats).13Operator makes a great sandbox for experimenting with microformats

Here are some things to try:

• Download and install user-scripts to add new actions and new microformats (http://

Writing an Operator Script

In this section, I’ll lead you through the process of creating a simple user script for Operator

Start by looking through the best documentation for understanding Operator scripts:

script will geocode the address by creating a URL to http://geocoder.us Since our script is

similar to that of the tutorial, we will follow a two-step strategy:

1. Install the tutorial script to understand how it works

2. Convert the script to one that geocodes the adr instance

Studying the Tutorial Script

You will find the tutorial script here:

http://www.kaply.com/weblog/wp-content/uploads/2007/07/dominos.js

It’s possible that after this book is published, there might be a newer version of the enced user scripts You can check here: http://www.kaply.com/weblog/operator-user-scripts/.Install it and restart your web browser If you run the action on this:

refer-http://upcoming.yahoo.com/event/144855

your browser will conduct a search for the closest Domino’s Pizza stores to 1401 N ShorelineBlvd in Mountain View, CA:

http://www.dominos.com/apps/storelocator-EN.jsp?street=1401%20N%20Shoreline%20Blvd.&➥cityStateZip=California,%20Mountain%20View%2094043

Let’s now study the script to understand how it works:

var dominos = {

description: "Find the nearest Domino's Pizza", shortDescription: "Domino's",

scope: {semantic: {

"adr" : "adr"

}},doAction: function(semanticObject, semanticObjectType) {var url;

if (semanticObjectType == "adr") {var adr = semanticObject;

}return url;

}};

SemanticActions.add("dominos", dominos);

There are several elements to notice about this script as you think about how to adapt it:

• The dominos JavaScript object defines an action An action consists of four properties:

description, shortDescription, scope, and doAction

• You should change the name of the JavaScript object, its description, and its shortDescriptionto fit the purpose of the new script

• The scope property is used to tie an action to a specific data format The following:

scope: {semantic: {

"adr" : "adr"

}means any adr instance You can limit the scope to only adr instances with the propertylocalitywith this:

scope: {semantic: {

"adr" : "locality"

}

or to a certain URL:

scope: {url: "http://www.flickr.com"

}

• Associated with the doAction property is a function that actually creates the URL forDomino’s Pizza by concatenating the various pieces of the adr instance To adapt thisfunction, you need to understand the URL structure of http://geocoder.us, the service

we will use to geocode the address

• Note that the simplest type of action of an Operator script is to return a URL, whichthe browser then loads (You can learn how to get Operator actions to perform otheroperations by reading the advanced tutorials at http://www.kaply.com/weblog/

operator-user-scripts/.)

Writing a Geocoding Script

As you learned in Chapter 13, there are a variety of sites to use to geocode an address in theUnited States One service is Geocoder.us You can geocode an address here:

http://geocoder.us/demo.cgi?address={address}

For example:

http://geocoder.us/demo.cgi?address=1600+Pennsylvania+Ave%2C+Washington+DC

Taking the URL template for Geocoder.us into account, you can adapt the script to come

up with something like the following:

"adr" : "adr"

}},doAction: function(semanticObject, semanticObjectType) {var url;

if (semanticObjectType == "adr") {var adr = semanticObject;

url = "http://geocoder.us/demo.cgi?address=";

if (adr["street-address"]) { url += adr["street-address"].join(", ");

url += ", ";

}

if (adr.locality) { url += adr.locality;

url += ", ";

}

if (adr.region) { url += adr.region;

url += ", ";

}

if (adr["postal-code"]) { url += adr["postal-code"];

}

}return url;

}};

SemanticActions.add("geocoder_us", geocoder_us);

The resulting URL for Mashup Camp IV on Upcoming.yahoo.com is as follows:

http://geocoder.us/demo.cgi?address=1401%20N%20Shoreline%20Blvd.,%20Mountain%20View,➥

%20California,%2094043

Resources (RDFa): A Promising Complement to

Microformats

There’s a lot of hype around RDF and the semantic Web, but the core concept of the Resource

Description Framework (RDF) is simple:

• An RDF document is just a series of statements about resources in a subject-predicate-object(triplet) form In other words, they are statements where a resource (R) has a property(P) of a value (V)—a triplet (R,P,V) For example: ("Raymond Yee", "has age of ", 40)

• RDF vocabularies define ways to talk about such things as types of resources and termsfor properties For example, a genealogical vocabulary would define properties such as

“is mother of” and “is sister of.”

• Once we have these types of RPVs around, we can add to the mix various logical sitions If V > 30 of an RPV with P="has age of", then (R, "has to trust status", No)

propo-In other words, a computer program should be able to deduce that Raymond Yee shouldnot be trusted since he is older than 30, since one must not trust anyone older than 30

Tim Bray’s “What is RDF?” (http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2001/01/24/rdf.html) was the firstessay I read in my attempts to understand RDF It’s still very good However, I think that the

triplets idea was still unclear to me after reading the essay (And I don’t blame Tim Bray for

that since the idea is clearly in the essay.) So, you should follow up Bray’s essay with reading

something like Aaron Schwartz’s “RDF Primer Primer” (http://notabug.com/2002/rdfprimer/)

The two complement each other

You can express RDF triplets in many ways, including the standard RDF/XML syntax(http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/) Since we have been discussing how microfor-

mats embed machine-understandable data in (X)HTML, we’ll now look at RDFa (http://

rdfa.info/about/), described in the following way:

With RDFa, you can easily include extra “structure” in your HTML to indicate a calendar event, contact information, a document license, etc RDFa is about total publisher control: you choose which attributes to use, which to reuse from other sites, and how to evolve, over time, the meaning of these attributes.

Here is a sample RDFa assertion, in which the resource (a book with ISBN of 9781590598580) has a property (namely, the Dublin Core title) whose value is Pro Web 2.0

Mashups: Remixing Data and Web Services:16

<span xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" about="isbn:9781590598580"

property="dc:title">Pro Web 2.0 Mashups: Remixing Data and Web Services</span>

16 http://examples.mashupguide.net/ch18/sample_rdf.html

I think that microformats and RDFa will both have a place on the Web Microformatsalready have some good uptake and are grounded in today’s real-world problems They arefocused on very specific applications RDFa provides a mechanism for making more generalassertions about pieces of data.

Reference for Further Study

The following are useful resources for more on microformats:

• The microformat book at http://microformatique.com/book/

• Micah Dubinko’s “What Are Microformats?”17

• Uche Ogbuji’s “Microformats in Context”18

Summary

You can use microformats and RDFa to embed data into the human-readable contexts of(X)HTML In this chapter, you looked at instances of microformats that you can find “in thewild” (such as on Upcoming.yahoo.com) and ones that you can craft as simple examples, andyou learned about how you can use microformats to embed data (such as contact information,addresses, geolocations, bookmarks, tags, and licenses) into (X)HTML Microformats tend tofollow certain common design patterns (that is, use class attributes or use the rel attribute)and are adapted from existing standards (such as iCalendar and vCard)

In this chapter, you learned how to use the Operator Firefox extension to work with formats, including extracting them from web pages and invoking actions on them You saw howthese Operator actions enact simple mashups that move data from any web site with embed-ded microformats to another web site

micro-17 http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2005/03/23/deviant.html

18 http://www.xml.com/pub/a/2006/04/26/microformats-grddl-rdfa-nvdl.html

Integrating Search

No one needs to be reminded that search engines are at the heart of the current web

infra-structure Not surprisingly, it’s useful to be able to integrate search functionality and search

results into mashups If a mashup is integrated with search engines via their APIs, users of the

mashups can more easily find and reuse that digital content

This chapter shows how to use the Google, Yahoo!, and Live.com search APIs, as well

as configuring searchable web sites for access as a search plug-in in Firefox 2.0 or Internet

Explorer 7 using OpenSearch This chapter will also examine briefly how to use the Google

Desktop Search API

Google Ajax Search

Google was one of the first major search companies to provide an API: the Google SOAP API

Since December 2006, no new developer keys have been issued because Google is directing

users to its newer Ajax Search API, which we will now study

The Google Ajax Search API (http://code.google.com/apis/ajaxsearch/) gives you a searchwidget that you can embed in your web site You can access functionality for searching the Web,

doing local searches (tied to maps), and doing video searches The widget displays a search

box and takes care of displaying search results in an HTML element that you designate

Like Google Maps, you have to sign up for a key that is tied to a specific directory; you can

do that here:

http://code.google.com/apis/ajaxsearch/signup.html

Paste the “Hello, World” code into your page, and load it.1The “Hello, World” code showsyou how to create a basic search box and display the results

Manipulating Search Results

Let’s adapt the basic code to let a user search a particular search source (the web search) and

save a result This is done by creating a callback (KeepHandler) with the setOnKeepCallback

method You’ll also see some code to access the attributes of the result.2

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN"

// attach it var savedResults = document.getElementById("saved_results");

savedResults.appendChild(node);

// extract some info from the result to show to get at the individual // attributes.

// see http://code.google.com/apis/ajaxsearch/documentation/reference.html var title = result.title;

var unformattedtitle = result.titleNoFormatting;

var content = result.content;

var unescapedUrl = result.unescapedUrl;

alert("Saving " + unformattedtitle + " " + unescapedUrl + " " + content); }

function OnLoad() { // Create a search control var searchControl = new GSearchControl();

// attach a handler for saving search results searchControl.setOnKeepCallback(this, KeepHandler);

// expose the control to manipulation by the JavaScript shell and Firebug window.searchControl = searchControl

// Add in the web searcher searchControl.addSearcher(new GwebSearch());

// Tell the searcher to draw itself and tell it where to attach searchControl.draw(document.getElementById("search_control"));

// Execute an initial search searchControl.execute("flower");

The Yahoo! Search API (http://developer.yahoo.com/search/) is a RESTful one I’ll now show

how to use the Yahoo! Search API

You need an application ID, which you get from here:

In the authentication system, there is a single sign-on option For this example, I signed

up for the ability to do single sign-on, for which I needed to state an application endpoint:http://examples.mashupguide.net/ch07/yahoo.php

Once you have registered your application, you can get an application ID and a shared secret.Now, let’s do a web search that doesn’t require any authentication Consulting the docu-mentation (http://developer.yahoo.com/search/web/) and specifically the classic web searchdocumentation (http://developer.yahoo.com/search/web/V1/webSearch.html), you can see

An excerpt of the search results follows:

<Result>

<Title>1-800-FLOWERS.COM - Official Site</Title>

<Summary>1-800-Flowers delivers flowers and floral arrangements, gift baskets,➥gourmet treats, or other presents for anniversaries, birthdays, and special➥occasions Order online, over the phone, or by visiting a store location

</Summary>

<Url>http://www.1800flowers.com/</Url> <ClickUrl>http://uk.wrs.yahoo.com/_ylt=➥A0Je5VZ47HdGmOQAzhvdmMwF;_ylu=X3oDMTB2cXVjNTM5BGNvbG8DdwRsA1dTMQRwb3MDMQRzZWMDc3IEdn➥RpZAM-/SIG=19qu9j9dq/EXP=1182350840/**http%3A//rdrw1.yahoo.com/click%3

Fu=http%3A//clickserve.cc-dt.com/link/click%253Flid%253D41000000011562437%26y=04765B7ED3D00A0BB4%26i=482%26c=37687%26q=02%255ESSHPM%255BL7ysphzm6%26e=utf-8%26r=0%26d=wow~WBSV-en-us%26n=LP94K1LESHRKDFP3%26s=3%26t=%26m=4677EC78%26x=057E49A7F20A924F7B2C30A7101C217A96</ClickUrl>

<Summary>Sunshine Flower Sunday, 14 Nov 2004 | Disneyland , Flora A flower taken➥

at Disney's California Adventure Nikon D100 | 50mm f/1.4 D | 50mm | 1/250 sec |➥

f/2.5 | ISO 200 | 26 Jun 2004</Summary>

<Url>http://www.disneymike.com/photoblog/dca_sunshine_flower.jpg</Url>

<ClickUrl>http://www.disneymike.com/photoblog/dca_sunshine_flower.jpg</ClickUrl>

<RefererUrl>http://www.disneymike.com/photoblog/archives/2004/11/sunshine_flower➥

.html</RefererUrl>

Microsoft Live.com Search

Microsoft’s Live Search APIs (http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb251794.aspx) areSOAP-based The WSDL for version 1.1 is as follows:

envi-The search parameters for the Live Search API are more complicated than those for theGoogle SOAP search because the former uses complex, nested types As I described in Chapter 7,there are a variety of ways to invoke WSDL-described SOAP calls Some generate language-specificbindings The one I find the easiest to understand is the approach taken by such tools as the

WSDL/SOAP tools in XML Spy and oXygen: feed them the WSDL, and they determine the SOAP

connection endpoint, the SOAPaction, and a template for the body That combination of

param-eters allows you to call the method without resorting directly to any SOAP libraries

■ Note XML Spy and oXygen are not free, although you can try them for 30 days free of charge I don’t

know of any freeware (except perhaps Eclipse) that makes it quite so easy to work with WSDL and SOAP

The search parameters are confusing, and it is not at all clear which parameters aremandatory without studying the WSDL directly; it’s also not clear what the valid parameters

would be For instance, I needed to study the following:

http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb266177.aspx

to get help with the CultureInfo field to figure out that an acceptable value is en-US for American

English

Feeding the Live.com WSDL to XML Spy, you will get the following:

• Connection endpoint: http://soap.search.msn.com:80/webservices.asmx

• SOAPaction HTTP header: http://schemas.microsoft.com/MSNSearch/2005/09/fex/Search

• The following template for a SOAP request:

which distinguishes between the following required parameters:

• AppID: Your application key

• CultureInfo: Language and regional information that must be chosen from a list ofpossible values3(for example, en-US)

• Query: Your search term

• Requests: A list of SourceRequest values drawn from a set of possible values4(for example,Web, Ads, Image)

and the following optional parameters:

• Flags: One of None, DisableHostCollapsing, DisableSpellCheckForSpecialWords, orMarkQueryWord(None is the default value)

• Location: The latitude, longitude, and optional search radius for the search

• SafeSearch: One of Strict, Moderate, or Off (Moderate is the default value)Here’s a sample SOAP request that searches the Web for flower in the American Englishcontext:

<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"xmlns:SOAP-ENC="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/"

This shows how to do this with curl:

curl -H 'SOAPAction: "http://schemas.microsoft.com/MSNSearch/2005/09/fex/Search"'➥

-<Description>Florist and gift retailer and franchisor with more than➥

100 stores nationwide offering online purchasing of arrangements, plants, gift➥

baskets, confections and gourmet foods </Description>

The A9 search engine (http://a9.com) created the OpenSearch protocol (http://www.

opensearch.org/Home) as a “collection of simple formats for the sharing of search results.”Many web sites have their own search boxes; many are also capable of creating RSS andAtom feeds OpenSearch is a set of extensions that can wrap existing search functionality, lever-aging the feeds to create lightweight search APIs The most prominent clients for OpenSearchare the search plug-ins for Firefox 2 and Internet Explorer 7

Let’s get more concrete One of the easiest ways to learn how to create a search plug-in is touse the search plug-in generator at the Mozilla Mycroft project (http://mycroft.mozdev.org/submitos.html)

Here I use http://blog.mashupguide.net as an example site for which I want to generate

a search plug-in I go to the blog to type in a term (for example, Yahoo) to search on and see

what URLs come back:

<Description>Search for info about mashups</Description>

<Url type="text/html" method="get"

With the OpenSearch XML document in hand, you can then embed some JavaScript to let

a user install the plug-in The relevant method is window.external.AddSearchProvider(),

which you find documented here:

• http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/library/Aa744112.aspx (for Internet Explorer 7)

• http://developer.mozilla.org/en/docs/Adding_search_engines_from_web_pages (forFirefox)

You can get a list of search engine plug-ins here:

• https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/browse/type:4 (a popular list linked tofrom within the Firefox Manage Search Engine List widget)

• http://mycroft.mozdev.org/dlstats.html (the top downloads)Note a caveat from http://mycroft.mozdev.org/contribute.html:

While the implementation of Sherlock [the legacy Apple search tool] in Mozilla-based browsers only supported GET requests, the introduction of OpenSearch has also allowed POST requests to be used but unfortunately this is not currently supported in IE7.

You can use the following WordPress plug-in to generate a search plug-in:

http://inner.geek.nz/projects/wordpress-plugins/mycroft-search-plugin-generator/

There is another half to the OpenSearch specification If the search results that come out

of the search engine are in RSS 2.0 or Atom 1.0 format, wrapped with special elements

docu-mented here:

http://www.opensearch.org/Specifications/OpenSearch/1.1#OpenSearch_response_elements

then the search results can be consumed and presented by search clients that support theOpenSearch protocol:

Google Desktop HTTP/XML Gateway

If you find the Google Desktop useful, you might be glad to know that you can access resultsprogrammatically via an HTTP/XML gateway, documented at the following location:

http://desktop.google.com/dev/queryapi.html#httpxml

■ Note There is also a COM-based interface in Windows, located at http://desktop.google.com/dev/queryapi.html#registering The XML gateway works on Mac OS X in Google Desktop Mac 1.0.3+ TheAPI is currently unsupported for the Linux version of Google Desktop

On Windows, you get the query URL from the registry key using this:

Add to Reddit Add to calendar Eventful calendar Add to Calendar: <b>Bach</b>

in San Francisco metro area Berkeley, California, USA My Events Add to

In this chapter, you learned the basics of using APIs for Google Ajax Search, Yahoo! Search,

Yahoo! Image Search, and Microsoft Live.com for searching content on the Web You looked at

how you can use OpenSearch to wrap existing search functionality so that it can be accessed

in search bars for web browsers Finally, I presented an example of an API for desktop search

by outlining the Google Desktop HTTP/XML gateway

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a Derivative Work only under the terms of this License, a later version of this Licensewith the same License Elements as this License, or a Creative Commons iCommonslicense that contains the same License Elements as this License (e.g Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.5 Japan) You must include a copy of, or the UniformResource Identifier for, this License or other license specified in the previous sentencewith every copy or phonorecord of each Derivative Work You distribute, publiclydisplay, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform You may not offer or imposeany terms on the Derivative Works that alter or restrict the terms of this License orthe recipients’ exercise of the rights granted hereunder, and You must keep intactall notices that refer to this License and to the disclaimer of warranties You maynot distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform theDerivative Work with any technological measures that control access or use ofthe Work in a manner inconsistent with the terms of this License Agreement Theabove applies to the Derivative Work as incorporated in a Collective Work, but thisdoes not require the Collective Work apart from the Derivative Work itself to bemade subject to the terms of this License

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7 Termination

a This License and the rights granted hereunder will terminate automatically uponany breach by You of the terms of this License Individuals or entities who havereceived Derivative Works or Collective Works from You under this License, how-ever, will not have their licenses terminated provided such individuals or entitiesremain in full compliance with those licenses Sections 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, and 8 will sur-vive any termination of this License

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elec-is required to be, granted under the terms of thelec-is License), and thelec-is License willcontinue in full force and effect unless terminated as stated above

8 Miscellaneous

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c If any provision of this License is invalid or unenforceable under applicable law, itshall not affect the validity or enforceability of the remainder of the terms of thisLicense, and without further action by the parties to this agreement, such provi-sion shall be reformed to the minimum extent necessary to make such provisionvalid and enforceable

d No term or provision of this License shall be deemed waived and no breach sented to unless such waiver or consent shall be in writing and signed by the party

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