Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil and Water - Chapter 1 pps

Contact Editor: Bob Hauserman Project Editor: Maggie Mogck Cover design: Dawn BoydLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Phytoremediation of contaminated soil and water / edi

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Contact Editor: Bob Hauserman Project Editor: Maggie Mogck Cover design: Dawn Boyd

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Phytoremediation of contaminated soil and water / edited by Norman Terry, Gary Bañuelos.

p cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index

ISBN 1-56670-450-2 (alk paper)

1 Phytoremediation 2 Soil remediation 3 Water–Purification I Terry, Norman.

II Bañuelos, Gary Stephen, 1956–.

TD192.75.P478 1999 628.5—dc21

99-30741 CIP This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated A wide variety of references are listed Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher.

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No claim to original U.S Government works International Standard Book Number 1-56670-450-2 Library of Congress Card Number 99-30741 Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 Printed on acid-free paper

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The need to synthesize, critically analyze, and put into perspective the ever-mountingbody of new information on phytoremediation in the soil and water environmentprovided the impetus for the development of this book It is a compilation of articlesprovided by speakers at a symposium entitled “Phytoremediation of Trace Elements

in Contaminated Soil and Water” that was held in June 1997 as part of the FourthInternational Conference on the Biogeochemistry of Trace Elements on the ClarkKerr campus of the University of California, Berkeley Also included in the bookare invited articles on special topics such as the phytoremediation of constructedwetlands and the role of microphytes

Twenty eminent scientists from around the world spoke at the symposium ontopics such as field demonstrations of phytoremediation in trace element cleanup;the role of hyperaccumulator plants in phytoextraction; the genetics, molecularbiology, physiology, and ecology of trace element hyperaccumulation and tolerance;phytovolatilization of mercury and selenium in phytoremediation; the role ofmicrobes; and the phytostabilization and immobilization of metals in contaminatedsoil We are especially indebted to Dr Jaco Vangronsveld who helped coordinatethe symposium and who was instrumental in developing the list of excellent speakersfrom Europe The papers represent the latest research in all of the major aspects ofphytoremediation of trace elements in contaminated soil and water

All of the articles in the book were peer reviewed We gratefully acknowledgethe following reviewers: Husein Ajwa, Robert Brooks, Carolee Bull, Stanley Dudka,Steve Grattan, Satish Gupta, Seongbin Hwang, Elizabeth Pilon-Smits, Mark deSouza, Lin Wu, Jaco Vangronsveld, and Adel Zayed We also would like to thankthe organizers of the conference and especially Drs I K Iskandar and Domy Adrianowho had the vision and foresight to develop the idea of having a special symposium

on phytoremediation

A substantial portion of the funds used to support travel and other expenses ofsymposium participants and to develop this book was provided by the KearneyFoundation of Soil Science The Foundation’s mission in the 1990s has been toresearch the reactions of toxic pollutants in soil systems We hope this book willbenefit government agencies charged with the cleanup of California’s soil and waterand for developing policy in this regard We also acknowledge the generous financialsupport from other agencies, including the International Lead Zinc Research Orga-nization, Inc., Chevron Research and Technology Company, Phytotech, Inc., and E

I DuPont DeNemours and Company

Norman Terry Gary Bañuelos

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Norman Terry is Professor of Environmental Plant Biology in the Department ofPlant and Microbial Biology, and Researcher in the Agricultural Experiment Station

at the University of California, Berkeley Terry received his Ph.D in Plant Physiology

at the University of Nottingham, England, and was awarded a NRC (Canada) doctoral Fellowship to carry out research on phloem translocation (Ottawa,1966–1968) He joined the Berkeley faculty in 1972 and currently teaches advancedundergraduate courses on plant physiology, biochemistry, and environmental plantbiology During his research career, Terry authored over 120 scientific articles Hisearly research was on the regulation of photosynthesis in vivo, the environmentalcontrol of plant growth, mineral nutrition, and salinity

Post-In 1990, Terry’s research interests shifted to phytoremediation He developed aresearch program that is a multidisciplinary blend of environmental engineering,microbiology, plant biochemistry, and molecular biology This approach is unique

in phytoremediation research and has facilitated several innovative and creativesolutions to environmental problems He pioneered the use of constructed wetlandsfor the cleanup of selenium and other toxic elements from oil refinery effluents andagricultural irrigation drainage water Using cutting edge molecular approaches,Terry developed transgenic plants with superior capacities for the phytoremediation

of selenium and heavy metals (e.g., cadmium) And, by using sophisticated highenergy x-ray absorption spectroscopy to monitor element speciation changes, hesuccessfully demonstrated that plants have the ability to detoxify metals (e.g., chro-mium)

Gary S Bañuelos is a plant/soil scientist at the USDA/ARS’ Water ManagementResearch Laboratory in Fresno, CA and an adjunct professor at California StateUniversity Focusing his research activities on the phytoremediation of soil and watercontaminated with selenium, boron, and salinity, Dr Bañuelos is the principal author

of over 60 refereed technical articles and a member of the American ChemicalSociety, American Society of Agronomy, and the International Soil Science Society,among others

He received his German proficiency degree in 1977 from Middlebury College

in Vermont, a B.A degree in German from Humboldt State University in California(1979) and a German language certification at Goethe Institute in Germany in 1979

In 1984, he received a B.S degree in crop science and Master’s in agriculture fromCalPoly Technical University, and in 1987 he was a National Science FoundationFellow at Hohenheim University in Germany, where he acquired a Ph.D in plantnutrition/agriculture

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J Scott Angle

University of MarylandDept of Natural Resources and Landscape ArchitectureCollege Park, MD 20742

Alan J M Baker

Dept of Animal and Plant SciencesEnvironmental Consultancy (ECUS)University of Sheffield

Sheffield S10 2TN U.K

Gary S Bañuelos

USDA–ARSWater Management Research Laboratory

William R Berti

Environmental Biotechnology ProgramDuPont Central Research and

DevelopmentGlasgow Business Community 301Newark, DE 19714-6101

Rufus L Chaney

USDA–ARSEnvironmental Chemical LaboratoryBeltsville, MD 20705

Mel Chin

ArtistNew York, NY

H Clijsters

Liverpool John Moores UniversitySchool of Biological and Earth SciencesByrom Street

Liverpool L3 3AF U.K

P Corbisier

Environmental TechnologyVlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek

VITO, Boeretang 200B-2400 Mol, Belgium

R L Correll

CSIRO Mathematical and Information Sciences

PMB2 Glen OsmondAdelaide 5064Australia

Scott D Cunningham

DuPont Company Centre RoadWilmington, DE 19805-0708LA4113 FM Page 8 Saturday, August 14, 1999 10:07 AM

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Keri L Dandridge

Dept of BiologyFurman UniversityGreenville, SC 29613

S J Dunham

Soil Science Dept

IACR-Rothamsted, HarpendenHerts AL5 2JQ U.K

R Edwards

Liverpool John Moores UniversitySchool of Pharmacy and ChemistryByrom Street

Peter Goldsbrough

Dept of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture

Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, IN 47907-1165

G Gragson

Dept of GeneticsLife Sciences BuildingUniversity of GeorgiaAthens, GA 30602

Richard M Higashi

Crocker Nuclear LaboratoryUniversity of CaliforniaDavis, CA 95616-8627

Faye A Homer

Alex J Horne

Ecological Engineering GroupDept of Civil and Environmental Engineering

University of CaliforniaBerkeley, CA 94720-1710LA4113 FM Page 9 Saturday, August 14, 1999 10:07 AM

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Edward M Jhee

Dept of BiologyFurman UniversityGreenville, SC 29613

M K Kandasamy

N Kato

AgBiotech CenterRutgers UniversityCook CollegeNew Brunswick, NJ 08903-0231

Leon V Kochian

Plant, Soil, and Nutrition LaboratoryUSDA–ARS

Cornell UniversityIthaca, NY 14853

U Krämer

Fakultät für Biologie-W5Universität BielefeldBielefeld, Germany

R Krebs

AMT für Umweltschutz SGLinsebühlstrasse 91

N W Lepp

Liverpool John Moores UniversitySchool of Biological and Earth SciencesByrom Street

Yin-Ming Li

USDA–ARSEnvironmental Chemical LaboratoryBeltsville, MD 20705

C Lodewyckx

Mark R Macnair

Dept of Biological SciencesUniversity of ExeterPrince of Wales RoadExeter EX4 4PS U.K

Minnie Malik

S P McGrath

Soil Science Dept

IACR-Rothamsted, HarpendenHerts AL5 2JQ U.K

R B Meagher

Dept of GeneticsLife Sciences BuildingUniversity of GeorgiaAthens, GA 30602LA4113 FM Page 10 Saturday, August 14, 1999 10:07 AM

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M Mench

INRA Agronomy UnitBordeaux-Aquitaine Research Centre

BP 81F-33883 Villenave d’Ornon cedexFrance

M Mergeay

I Raskin

AgBiotech CenterRutgers UniversityCook CollegeNew Brunswick, NJ 08903-0231

Roger D Reeves

Dept of ChemistryMassey UniversityPalmerston North, New Zealand

C L Rugh

David E Salt

Chemistry DepartmentNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaff, AZ 86011-5698

J A C Smith

Dept of Plant SciencesUniversity of OxfordSouth Parks RoadOxford OX1 3RB U.K

N Spelmans

Limburgs Universitair CentrumEnvironmental BiologyUniversitaire CampusB3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium

S Taghavi

VITO, Boeretang 200B-2400 Mol, BelgiumLA4113 FM Page 11 Saturday, August 14, 1999 10:07 AM

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Eduardo Cabello, 6

36208 Vigo, Spain

D van der Lelie

Environmental TechnologyFlemish Institute of Technological Research (VITO)

Boeretang 200B-2400 Mol, Belgium

J Vangronsveld

Limburgs Universitair CentrumEnvironmental BiologyUniversitaire CampusB3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium

N J Wang

Adel Zayed

Dept of Plant and Microbial BiologyUniversity of California

Berkeley, CA 94720LA4113 FM Page 12 Saturday, August 14, 1999 10:07 AM

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Remediation of Selenium-Polluted Soils and Waters by Phytovolatilization

Adel Zayed, Elizabeth Pilon-Smits, Mark deSouza, Zhi-Qing Lin, and Norman Terry

Chapter 5

Metal Hyperaccumulator Plants: A Review of the Ecology and Physiology

of a Biological Resource for Phytoremediation of Metal-Polluted Soils

Alan J M Baker, S P McGrath, Roger D Reeves, and J A C Smith

Rufus L Chaney, Yin-Ming Li, Sally L Brown, Faye A Homer, Minnie Malik,

J Scott Angle, Alan J M Baker, Roger D Reeves, and Mel Chin

Chapter 8

Physiology of Zn Hyperaccumulation in Thlaspi caerulescens

Mitch M Lasat and Leon V Kochian

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Chapter 9

Metal-Specific Patterns of Tolerance, Uptake, and Transport of Heavy Metals

in Hyperaccumulating and Nonhyperaccumulating Metallophytes

Henk Schat, Mercè Llugany, and Roland Bernhard

The Genetics of Metal Tolerance and Accumulation in Higher Plants

Mark R Macnair, Gavin H Tilstone, and Susanne E Smith

The Role of Bacteria in the Phytoremediation of Heavy Metals

D van der Lelie, P Corbisier, L Diels, A Gilis, C Lodewyckx,

M Mergeay, S Taghavi, N Spelmans, and J Vangronsveld

In Situ Gentle Remediation Measures for Heavy Metal-Polluted Soils

S K Gupta, T Herren, K Wenger, R Krebs, and T Hari

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Scott D Cunningham and William R Berti

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1 Field Demonstrations of

Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soils

Lead-Michael J Blaylock

CONTENTS

SummaryIntroductionBayonne, NJDorchester, MAMethods

Treatability StudyField PlotsInitial SamplingSite Preparation and CultivationSoil Analysis

Plant Tissue AnalysisResults and DiscussionTreatability StudiesBayonneDorchesterField ApplicationsBayonneDorchesterAcknowledgmentsReferences

SUMMARY

Phytoremediation is a new technology that uses specially selected mulating plants to remediate soil contaminated with heavy metals and radionuclides.Phytoremediation offers an attractive and economical alternative to currently prac-ticed soil removal and burial methods The integration of specially selected metal-accumulating crop plants (e.g., Brassica juncea) with innovative soil amendmentsallows plants to achieve high biomass and metal accumulation rates from soils LA4113 ch01 frame Page 1 Saturday, August 14, 1999 10:10 AM

Tiêu đề	Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil and Water
Tác giả	Norman Terry, Gary Baủuelos
Trường học	University of California, Berkeley
Chuyên ngành	Phytoremediation
Thể loại	Edited Book
Năm xuất bản	1999
Thành phố	Boca Raton

Định dạng
Số trang	23
Dung lượng	673,25 KB