Dictionary of Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health - Part 4 (end) pot

radiation dosimetry A measurement of the amount of ionizing radiation exposure by individuals, materials, or equipment at a specific location.. radiation survey An evaluation of the radi

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Vincoli, Jeffrey W "Q-Z"

Lewis' Dictionary of Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health

Edited by Jeffrey W Vincoli

Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 2000

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An rickettsial infection often seen among

meat and livestock handlers Can be

con-tracted by inhalation of dust particles that are

infected with the infectious organism The

organisms are found in the hides of sheep and

cattle It is contagious between humans and

its symptoms include sudden hay fever, chills,

headache, muscle pain, and coughing

A pretender to medical skill which he/she

does not possess One who practices as a

physician or surgeon without adequate

experi-ence or due qualification

quad map

A topographic map with an approximate scale

of one inch to 2,000 feet; shows physical

features such as wetlands, water bodies,

roadways, mines, and buildings

quadrant

(1) One-fourth of the circumference of a

cir-cle (2) An angular dissection of ninety

de-grees (3) One of the quarters created by two

intersecting lines, roads, streets, vectors, etc

(4) One of four corresponding parts, or

quar-ters, as of the surface of the abdomen or of the

field of vision

quadrantanopia

Loss of vision in one fourth of the visual field

quadriceps

Having four heads

quadriceps femoris muscle

A muscle group on the anterior thigh ing of four muscles which flex the hip andextend the knee: rectus femoris, vastus later-alis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius

consist-Well-defined quadriceps femoris muscles of the anterior thigh

quali-qualification tests

The required tests used to demonstrate that thedesign, manufacture, and assembly have re-sulted in hardware conforming to specifica-tion requirements

qualified

Adapted; fitted; entitled; susceptible; tent; fitting; possessing legal power or capac-ity; eligible Applied to one who has takenthe steps to prepare himself/herself for an ap-pointment of office One who is adequatelyand satisfactorily trained and/or experienced

compe-to perform a function or task

qualified handicapped individual

Under the Americans with Disabilities Act(ADA): A handicapped individual who is ca-pable of performing a specific job with rea-sonable accommodation

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qualified operator

A worker having the adequate physical/mental

attributes, training, education, and experience

who has demonstrated that he/she is capable

of safely performing a given task involving

the operation of machinery or equipment with

acceptable quality and quantity

qualified person

One familiar with the construction and

opera-tion of the equipment and the hazards

in-volved Note 1: Whether an employee is

con-sidered to be a "qualified person" will depend

upon various circumstances in the workplace

It is possible and, in fact, likely for an

indi-vidual to be considered "qualified" with

re-gard to certain equipment in the workplace,

but "unqualified" as to other equipment Note

2: An employee who is undergoing

on-the-job training and who, in the course of such

training, has demonstrated an ability to

per-form duties safely at his/her level of training

and who is under the direct supervision of a

qualified person is considered to be a

quali-fied person for the performance of those

du-ties

qualified worker

A worker having the adequate physical/mental

attributes, training, education, and experience

who has demonstrated that he/she is capable

of performing a given task using basic tools

with acceptable quality and quantity

qualifying phase I technology

Under the Clean Air Act (CAA): A

techno-logical system of continuous emission

reduc-tion which achieves a 90 percent reducreduc-tion in

emissions of sulfur dioxide from the

emis-sions that would have resulted from the use of

fuels which were not subject to treatment

prior to combustion

qualimeter

An instrument for measuring the quantity of

roentgen rays generated by a Coolidge tube

qualitative

The characteristic attributes or qualities

per-taining to an exposure based on subjective

in-formation, nonrigorous quantitative data, and

judgment

qualitative exposure assessment

The identification of contaminants and

physi-cal agents an individual may be exposed to,

and a judgment of the associated hazard based

on the frequency and duration of exposure,the control measures in effect (engineering,administrative, and personal protection), theproperties of the stressor, and the manner inwhich it is being used/handled

qualitative risk assessment

An examination of system risk based uponestablished criteria that allows the analyst toevaluate risk levels in relation to other risks ortotal system risk

quality

A condition in which a product satisfies a set

of requirements involving such aspects asstrength, durability, function, appearance, anduser-satisfaction

quality analysis

An examination or study of product qualitygoals

quality assurance (QA)

(1) A company-wide program that establishesproject policies, procedures, standards, andguidelines designed to produce an acceptablelevel of professional quality (2) A system ofpractices, procedures, and activities that aretaken to provide assurance that the work be-ing carried out will meet defined standards ofquality The assessment of the potential for aprocedure to produce sampling results of ade-quate quality to satisfy the defined objectives.The primary purpose of a quality assuranceprogram is to provide the necessary safe-guards to minimize erroneous sample analy-ses and to provide a means of detecting errorswhen they occur

quality assurance project plan

As per the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA): A plan that describes the policy, or-ganization, functional activities, and qualityassurance and quality control protocols neces-sary to achieve DQOs dictated by the in-tended use of the data (RI/FS Guidance)

quality assurance/quality control

According to the U.S Environmental tion Agency (EPA): A system of procedures,checks, audits, and corrective actions to en-sure that all EPA research design and per-formance, environmental monitoring andsampling, and other technical and reportingactivities are of the highest achievable quality

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Protec-quality circle (QC)

A small group of people involved in a similar

type of work who voluntarily meet on a

pre-determined schedule (e.g., weekly) on paid

time in an attempt to identify, analyze, and

solve some of the problems in their work

en-vironment Also referred to as quality

con-trol circles and employee participation team.

quality control chart

A chart used for recording data regarding

product quality

quality control (QC) programs

Establish project activities that apply the

poli-cies, procedures, standards, training,

guide-lines, and systems developed in the QA

pro-gram QC programs aim to maintain an

ac-ceptable level of project quality through

ap-plication of sound project management

prin-ciples and practices

quality factor

(1) General A measure for expressing the

rate of attenuation (sharpness) of time-varying

energy as a function of frequency Also

re-ferred to as Q factor (2) Ionizing Radiation.

A modifying factor that is used to derive the

radiation dose equivalent from absorbed dose

It is a factor by which the absorbed radiation

dose in rad is multiplied to obtain a quantity

that expresses the biological effectiveness of

the absorbed dose in rem The factor for beta,

gamma, and X-radiation is 1 For alpha

parti-cles and fast neutrons it is 10 Other values

are used for neutrons of other energies and

heavy recoil nuclei (3) Ionizing Radiation.

The number intended to represent the

effec-tiveness of various types of ionizing radiation

based on relative biological effectiveness or

linear energy transfer, based on the following

The lowest level at which a chemical may be

accurately and reliably quantified Usually

equal to the detection limit multiplied by a

factor of 3 to 5, but varies between chemicals

and between samples

quantitative

The property of anything which can be mined by measurement and expressed as aquantity

deter-quantitative exposure assessment

The procedure of quantitatively determining

an individual's exposure to a health hazard,employing accepted sampling and analyticalprocedures, and assessing the likelihood that

an adverse health effect may occur based onthe sample results

quantitative risk assessment

An application of statistical techniques tomathematically identify the level of probablerisk associated with a given hazard, as it re-lates to total system operation

quantum

The smallest quantity of energy, responding

to the energy of electromagnetic radiation,that can be associated with a given phenome-non

quantum theory

A theory based on the concept that energy isradiated intermittently in units of definitemagnitude called quanta and absorbed in likemanner

quarantine

(1) A place or period of detention of shipscoming from infected or suspected ports (2)Restrictions placed on entering or leavingpremises where a case of communicable dis-ease exists (3) The application of measures

to prevent contact between persons who arenot infected and persons suspected of beinginfected

quarrel

An altercation, angry dispute, or an exchange

of recriminations, taunts, threats, or tions between two persons

other vessel contents, as the return of

undi-gested food from the stomach to the oral

cav-ity, or of blood through valves of the heart

rehabilitate

Use one or more forms of treatment in an

at-tempt to restore some or all loss of capacity or

develop residual capabilities to give an

indi-vidual a maximal state of independence

rehabilitation

The process of restoring a person's ability to

live and work as normally as possible after a

disabling injury or illness It aims to help the

patient achieve maximum possible physical

and psychologic fitness and regain the ability

to care for himself/herself It offers assistance

with the learning or relearning of skills

needed in everyday activities, with

occupa-tional training and guidance and with

psy-chologic readjustment Rehabilitation is anintegral part of convalescence

rehearsal

The process of recycling information inworking memory to maintain it within work-ing memory or to store it in long-term mem-ory

rehydration

The restoration of water or fluid content to abody or to a substance that has become dehy-drated

Reid vapor pressure (RVP)

The vapor pressure of a liquid at 200ºF, asdetermined by a standard laboratory proce-dure (ASTM Test D-23) and expressed inpounds per square inch absolute

Reid's base line

An imaginary line defined by the location ofthe auricular point and the lowest point of theorbit on the same side of the head, with ananterior-posterior extent

weakening, respectively, of that response See

positive reinforcement and negative forcement.

reject allowance

A special time allowance provided a workerfor processing rejects from a process or forrework

reject staging

Reverse osmosis process configuration wherethe overflow water from one stage is used asfeed water on subsequent stage to increase

water recovery Also called brine staging.

rejection

The immune reaction of the recipient to eign tissue cells (antigens) after homografttransplantation, with the production of anti-

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for-bodies and ultimate destruction of the

trans-planted organ

REL

See recommended exposure limit.

relapsing fever

Any one of a group of similar infectious

dis-eases transmitted to man by the bites of lice

and ticks, and marked by alternating periods

of normal temperature and periods of fever

relapse The diseases in the group are caused

by several different species of spirochetes

belonging to the genus Borrelia Generally,

relapsing fever starts with a sudden high fever

of 104 to 105ºF, accompanied by chills,

head-ache, muscle aches, nausea, and vomiting

There may also be jaundice and a rash The

attack lasts 2 or 3 days, after which the

symptoms disappear by crisis, with profuse

sweating accompanying the rapid drop in

temperature In elderly people, this may be

accompanied by collapse, in which the heart

and respiratory system function poorly After

3 or 4 days, there is a relapse and the

symp-toms return to their former severity The

cy-cle continues through four or more attacks

be-fore the disease has run its course Relapsing

fevers are rarely fatal, but they can be serious

relationship

An interdependence between individuals,

ac-tivities, or entities

relationship chart

A table which details what the response for

carrying out some task should be for several

possible situations

relationship diagramming

The process of examining various plant

lay-outs with the intent to optimize according to

the closeness of relationships within an

orga-nization

relative biological effectiveness (RBE)

The ratio of the number of rads of gamma

radiation or x-radiation of a certain energy

that will produce a specified biological effect

to the number of rads of another radiation

re-quired to produce the same effect Typically,

com-of 100% is about 2.5% total water vapor inair, by volume

move-relative standard deviation

See coefficient of variation.

A reach which can be attained without having

to strain or requiring maximal flexion and/orextension of limbs

relayed cut-section

Rail Operations A cut-section where the

energy for one track circuit is suppliedthrough front contacts or through front andpolar contacts of the track relay for the ad-joining track circuit

relearning time

The time required for a previous user to achieve a previous level of competence fol-lowing a period of non-use of skill or training

re-release

(1) General To let go; to no longer hold or

contend a claim of ownership over a

particu-lar thing (2) CERCLA Any spilling,

leak-ing, pumpleak-ing, pourleak-ing, emittleak-ing, emptyleak-ing,discharging, injecting, escaping, leaching,dumping, or disposing of hazardous sub-stances into the environment SARA included

in this definition the abandonment or carding of barrels, containers, and otherclosed receptacles containing any hazardous

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dis-substances or pollutant contaminant It

ex-cludes any release which results in exposure

to persons solely within a workplace, with

re-spect to a claim which such persons may

as-sert against the employer of such persons;

emissions from the engine exhaust of a motor

vehicle, rolling stock, aircraft, vessel, or

pipe-line pumping station engine; or release of

source, byproduct, or special nuclear material

from a nuclear incident as those terms are

de-fined in the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 if

such release is subject to requirements with

respect to financial protection established by

the Nuclear Regulatory Commission

release load

A work element in which an object is

re-leased

release rate

Under the Federal Organotin Antifouling

Paint Control Act of 1988: The rate at which

organotin is released from an antifouling paint

over the long term, as determined by the EPA

Administrator using a) the American Society

for Testing Materials (ASTM) standard test

method which the EPA required in its July 29,

1986, data call-in notice on tributyltin

com-pounds used in antifouling paints; or b) any

similar test method specified by the

Adminis-trator

relevance tree

A means of organizing and presenting

inter-related variables or problems in graphic form

for better visualization through the use of

nodes and branches

relevant evidence

Evidence tending to prove or disprove an

al-leged fact

reliability

(1) General An expression of the level of

confidence that a given system or product will

function, and continue to function, as intended

throughout the life cycle (2) Instrumentation.

The ability of an instrument and its

compo-nents to retain their operating performance

characteristics over a reasonable period of

use A statistical term having to do with the

probability that an instrument's repeatability

and accuracy will continue to fall within

specified limits This is a very important

characteristic for instruments which are to be

used in field applications

reliability coefficient

The correlation coefficient between two

suc-cessive performance samples Also called efficient or reliability.

relocated threshold

Aviation A threshold located at a point on

the runway other than the beginning of therunway pavement The portion of pavementbehind a relocated threshold that is not avail-able for takeoff

remedial action (RA)

(1) The actual construction or implementationphase of a Superfund site cleanup that followsremedial design (2) Those actions consistentwith permanent remedy taken instead of or inaddition to removal actions in the event of arelease or threatened release of a hazardoussubstance into the environment, to prevent orminimize the release of hazardous substances

so that they do not migrate to cause tial danger to present or future public health

substan-or welfare substan-or to the environment (3) The tual construction or implementation phase of aSuperfund site cleanup that follows remedialdesign

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ac-remedial design (RD)

A phase of environmental remedial action that

follows the remedial investigation/feasibility

study (RI/FS) and includes development of

engineering drawings and specifications for

site cleanup

remedial investigation (RI)

An in-depth study designed to gather the data

necessary to determine the nature and extent

of contamination at a Superfund site; establish

criteria for cleaning up the site; identify

pre-liminary alternatives for remedial actions; and

support the technical and cost analyses of the

alternatives The remedial investigation is

usually performed in tandem with the

feasi-bility study, hence the acronym "RI/FS." See

also feasibility study.

remedial maintenance

See corrective maintenance.

remedial project manager (RPM)

The EPA or state official responsible for

over-seeing remedial action at a site

remedial response

A long-term action that stops or substantially

reduces a release or threat of a release of

haz-ardous substances that is serious but not an

immediate threat to public health

remnant

(1) That portion of raw material, part, or

com-ponent remaining after some process (2)

That portion of an actual system output which

is unaccounted for or unexplained by the

sys-tem model Usually refers to linear models

remote

In terms of probability of hazard or mishap

occurrence, a hazard or event whose

occur-rence during the life of an item is considered

unlikely, but still possible

remote areas

Sparsely populated areas such as mountains,

swamps, and large bodies of water

remote cause

In the law of negligence with respect to an

injury or an accident, a cause which would

not, according to experience of mankind, lead

to the event which happened One where the

effect is uncertain, vague, or indeterminate,

and where the effect does not necessarily

fol-low

remote communications outlet (RCO)

Aviation Unmanned communications facility

remotely controlled by air traffic personnel

remote indicator

An instrument or display for showing tions at a point some distance away from thesensing device

removal costs

Under the Federal Oil Pollution Act of 1990:The costs of removal that are incurred after adischarge of oil has occurred or, in any case inwhich there is a substantial threat of a dis-charge of oil, the costs to prevent, minimize,

or mitigate oil pollution from such an dent

inci-remove

(1) Under CERCLA: The cleanup or removal

of released hazardous substances from the vironment, such actions as may be necessary

en-to take in the event of the threat of release ofhazardous substances into the environment,such as actions as may be necessary to moni-

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tor, assess, and evaluate the release or threat

of release of hazardous substances, the

dis-posal of removed material, or the taking of

such other actions as may be necessary to

prevent, minimize, or mitigate damage to the

public health or welfare or to the

environ-ment, which may otherwise result from a

re-lease or threat of rere-lease (2) Under the

Fed-eral Oil Pollution Act of 1990: Containment

or removal of oil or a hazardous substance

from water and shorelines or the taking of

other actions as may be necessary to minimize

or mitigate damage to the public health or

welfare, including, but not limited to, fish,

shellfish, wildlife, and public and private

property, shorelines and beaches (3) Under

the Federal Water Pollution Control Act:

Containment and removal of the oil or

haz-ardous substances from the water and

shore-lines or the taking of such other actions as

may be necessary to minimize or mitigate

damage to the public health or welfare,

in-cluding, but not limited to, fish, shellfish,

wildlife, and public and private property,

shorelines and beaches

renal

Related to or associated with the kidney

renege

That customer or user behavior in which an

individual leaves the queue or line after

wait-ing for some period of time

renewable energy

Energy obtained from sources that are

essen-tially inexhaustible (unlike, for example, the

fossil fuels, of which there is a finite supply)

Renewable sources of energy include wood,

waste, photovoltaic, and solar thermal energy

rental of railroad cars

Establishments primarily engaged in renting

or leasing railroad cars, whether or not also

performing services connected with the use

thereof, or in performing services connected

with the rental of railroad cars

rep

See roentgen equivalent physical.

repair

(1) Systems To restore that which is

inoper-able or operinoper-able only at reduced capability to

full capability by replacement of components,

assemblies, or subsystems (2) Medical The

physical or mechanical restoration of

dam-aged tissues, especially the replacement ofdead or damaged cells in a body tissue or or-gan by healthy new cells

repeat violation

OSHA As defined in case law, if the same

standard has been violated more than once bythe same employer and there is a substantialsimilarity of violative elements between cur-rent and prior violations, the violation will beconsider “repeated.”

repeatability

(1) Instrumentation The ability of an

instru-ment to reproduce readings repeatedly when

sampling the same concentration (2) pling The closeness of agreement between

Sam-samples that are collected simultaneously

repeated measures design

An analysis of variance technique in whicheach subject is exposed to more than one con-dition

repetitive element

See regular element.

Repetitive motions, especially those which place the joints in awkward positions can lead to serious injuries

repetitive motion injury (RMI)

Any of a class of pathologies created throughexcessively frequent use of a particular joint

or tissue, especially in combination withawkward positioning, inadequate or no restperiods, or excessive loads Also referred to

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as cumulative trauma disorder, repetitive

strain injury, repetitive trauma disorder,

re-petitive stress injury, and overuse syndrome.

repetitive strain injury

See repetitive motion injury.

repetitive stress injury

repetitive time method

See repetitive timing.

repetitive timing

A work measurement time study technique in

which the duration of each work element is

measured and recorded in sequence as it is

performed, then the timing device is

immedi-ately reset to zero to begin timing the duration

of the next element Also referred to as

re-petitive time method, discontinuous timing,

flyback timing, snapback method, and

snap-back timing.

repetitive trauma disorder

repetitive work

A work activity in which the work or task

elements are continuously repeated over a

prolonged period of time

replace

To substitute one unit for another or to return

something to its original position

replacement air

Air supplied to a space to replace exhausted

air See also make-up air (the two terms are

synonymous)

replacement standard

The estimated useful life of a motor vehicle

expressed in time (months or years) and/or

utilization (miles)

replacement therapy

The use of synthetic substances or substances

recovered from natural sources to substitute

for an organ, gland, or other body structure

which is no longer present or has ceased

functioning

replacement vehicle

A vehicle acquired to replace a vehicle in

in-ventory that meets the replacement standard

or becomes uneconomical to retain in service

replicate

To conduct an experiment which uses thesame methodology but is independent of apreviously conducted experiment

replicate samples

More than one sample collected at the sametime and place for the purpose of determiningtheir reproducibility

report writer

Software which can transform database,spreadsheet, or other information into a hard-copy format which is understandable bysomeone not familiar with the software May

also be referred to as report generator.

reportable accident

(1) Safety Any accident that meets the

crite-ria established under 29 CFR 1904 and must

be reported on the OSHA 200 Log (an annualreport summarizing occupational injuries and

illnesses) (2) Transit A motor vehicle

acci-dent involving a carrier subject to the partment of Transportation Act, which results

De-in a fatality, De-injury, or property damage of

$4,400 or more

reportable damage

Rail Operations Includes labor costs and all

other costs to repair or replace in kind aged on-track equipment, signals, track, trackstructures, or roadbed Reportable damagedoes not include the cost of clearing a wreck;however, additional damage to the abovelisted items caused while clearing the wreck is

dam-to be included in your damage estimate amples of other costs included in reportabledamage are a) rental and/or operation of ma-chinery such as cranes, bulldozers, etc in-cluding the services of contractors, to replace

Ex-or repair the track right-of-way and associatedstructures; and b) costs associated with therepair or replacement of roller bearings onunits that were derailed or submerged in water(replacement costs mean the labor costs re-sulting from a wheel set change out)

reportable death, injury or illness

Railroad Any event arising from the operation

of a railroad which results in a) death to one

or more persons; b) injury to one or morepersons, other than railroad employees, thatrequires medical treatment; c) injury to one

or more employees that requires medicaltreatment or results in restriction of work or

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motion for one or more days, one or more lost

workdays, transfer to another job, termination

of employment, or loss of consciousness; or

d) any occupational illness of a railroad

em-ployee, as diagnosed by a physician

reportable quantity (RQ)

The quantity of a hazardous substance that

triggers reports under CERCLA If a

sub-stance is released in amounts exceeding its

RQ, the release must be reported to the

Na-tional Response Center, the SERC, and the

community emergency coordinators for areas

likely to be affected

reportable vehicle

All sedans, station wagons, ambulances,

buses, carryalls, trucks and truck tractors

Excluded are semitrailers, trailers, and other

trailing equipment such as pole trailers,

dol-lies, cable reels, trailer coaches and bodies,

portable wheeled compressors, trucks with

permanently mounted equipment (e.g

gen-erators, air compressors, etc.), fire trucks,

motorcycles, electric and hybrid powered

electric vehicles and military design motor

vehicles

reporting point

A geographical location in relation to which

the position of an aircraft is reported

reporting threshold

Rail Operations The level of railroad

prop-erty damage, resulting from a train accident

involving on-track equipment, over which a

railroad company must report the accident to

the Federal Railroad Administration

Report-able damages include the cost of labor and the

cost of repairing (or replacing in kind)

dam-aged on-track equipment, track, track

struc-ture, or roadbed

reporting unit

Any Coast Guard Command having its own

OPFAC (Operating Facility) code (and,

there-fore, an individual accountability)

repository

Under the Federal Nuclear Waste Policy Act

of 1982: Any system designed by the Nuclear

Regulatory Commission that is intended to be

used for, or may be used for, the permanent

deep geological disposal of high-level

radio-active waste and spent nuclear fuel, whether

or not such system is designed to permit the

recovery, for a limited period during initial

operation, of any materials placed in suchsystem Such term includes both surface andsubsurface areas at which high-level radioac-tive waste and spent nuclear fuel handling ac-tivities are conducted

repowering

According to the Clean Air Act: Rep lacement

of an exi sting coal-fired boiler with one of thefol lowing clean coal techno logies : atmo spheri c

or pressu rized fluidi zed bed comb ustion , teg rated gasifi cation combi ned cy cle, magneto -hyd rodynamics, direct and indirect coal -fired turbines, integ rated gasifi cation fuel cells, or as det ermined by the EPA Admin istrat or, in con sultat ion wi th the Secretary of Energy, aderivative of one or more of these tech-nologies, and any other technology capable ofcontrolling multiple combustion emissionssimultaneously with improved boiler or gen-eration efficiency and with significantlygreater waste reduction relative to theperformance of technology in widespreadcommercial use as of November 15, 1990

"forgetting" unpleasant situations as a way ofavoiding them

reproducibility

Instrumentation The precision of a single

measurement on the same sample made bydifferent operators, using different in struments

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The process by which a living entity or

organism produces a new individual of the

same kind

reproduction rate

The ratio of the total number of births from

women of reproductive age to the number of

women within that age group in the

population

reproductive toxicity

A harmful effect to the adult reproductive

system The ability of a substance or physical

agent to adversely affect the reproductive

system

reproductive toxin

A substance that has the capability to

adversely affect the adult reproductive

system

required evaporation rate

The amount of water from sweat or other

sources which must evaporate from the body

surface into the atmosphere per unit time to

maintain the body's heat balance

required sweat rate

The volume of sweat per unit time which

must be secreted to assure adequate body

cooling

requirements contract

A legal agreement for a supplier to provide

and for a buyer to purchase one or more types

of products or materials for a specified period

of time, usually at a specified price and

delivery terms

re-refined oil

Used oil from which the physical and

chemi-cal contaminants acquired through previous

use have been removed through a refining

process

reregistration

The reevaluation and relicensing of existing

pesticides originally registered prior to current

scientific and regulatory standards EPA

re-registers pesticides through its Registration

Standards Program

res judicata

Latin A legal doctrine, meaning "the thing is

decided," preventing new litigation by the

same parties on the same matter after it has

been fully adjudicated

rescissory damages

Such damages contemplate a return of theinjured party to the position he/she occupiedbefore he/she was induced by wrongful con-duct to enter into the transaction When re-turn of the specific right, property, etc is notpossible (e.g., in a stock fraud transaction, thestock is no longer available), the rescissorydamages would be the monetary equivalent(e.g., the value of the stock)

rescue coordination center (RCC)

A search and rescue (SAR) facility equippedand manned to coordinate and control SARoperations in an area designated by the SARplan The U.S Coast Guard and the U.S AirForce have responsibility for the operation ofRCCs

rescue doctrine

Under this doctrine, one who has, throughhis/her negligence, endangered the safety ofanother may be held liable for injuries sus-tained by a third person who attempts to savethe other from injury

of accepted theories or laws in the light ofnew facts

research and development (R & D)

The process of attempting to find new edge for commercial use in creating a newproduct or improving current products

knowl-Research and Special Programs tion (RSPA)

Administra-The Administration was established formally

on September 23, 1977 It is responsible forhazardous materials transportation and pipe-line safety, transportation emergency prepar-edness, safety training, multimodal transpor-tation research and development activities,and collection and dissemination of air carriereconomic data It includes the Office of Haz-ardous Materials Safety; the Office of Pipe-line Safety; the Office of Research Technol-ogy, and Analysis; the Office of UniversityResearch and Education; the Office of Auto-mated Tariffs; the Office of Research Policy

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and Technology Transfer; the Volpe National

Transportation Systems Center; and the

Transportation Safety Institute

reserve

That amount of energy, strength, heart rate, or

other quantity which is available to an

indi-vidual but which is not being used in the

cur-rent activity

reservoir

Any natural or artificial holding area used to

store, regulate, or control water

reset device

Rail Operations A device whereby the

brakes may be released after an automatic

train control brake application

residential district

The territory adjacent to and including a

highway which is not a business district and

for a distance of 300 feet or more along the

highway is primarily improved with

resi-dences

residential solid waste

The wastes generated by the normal activities

of households including, but not limited to,

food wastes, rubbish, ashes, and bulky wastes

Residential Transportation Energy

Consump-tion Survey (RTECS)

This survey was designed by the Energy

In-formation Administration of the Department

of Energy to provide information on how

en-ergy is used by households for personal

vehi-cles It has been conducted five times since

1979, the most recent being 1991

residential vehicle

Motorized vehicles used by U.S households

for personal transportation Excluded are

motorcycles, mopeds, large trucks, and buses

Included are automobiles, station wagons,

passenger vans, cargo vans, motor homes,

pickup trucks, and jeeps or similar vehicles

To be included, vehicles must be a) owned by

members of the household, or b) company

cars not owned by household members but

regularly available to household members for

their personal use and ordinarily kept at home,

or c) rented or leased for 1 month or more

residual

Amount of a pollutant remaining in the

envi-ronment after a natural or technological

proc-ess has taken place, e.g., the sludge remaining

after initial wastewater treatment, or lates remaining in air after the air passesthrough a scrubbing or process

residual fuel oils

(1) The topped crude of refinery operations,which includes No 5 and No 6 fuel oils, asdefined in ASTM Specification D 396 andFederal Specification, VV-F-815C; NavySpecial Fuel oil as defined in Military Speci-fication MIL-F-859E including Amendment 2(NATO symbol F-77); and Bunker C fuel oil.Residual fuel oil is used for the production ofelectric power, space heating, vessel bunker-ing, and various industrial purposes (2) Theheavier oils that remain after the distillate fueloils and lighter hydrocarbons are distilledaway in refinery operations and that conform

to American Society for Testing and Materials(ASTM) Specifications D396 and 975 In-cluded are No 5, a residual fuel oil of me-dium viscosity; Navy Special, for use insteam-powered vessels in government serviceand in shore power plants; and No 6, whichincludes Bunker C fuel oil and is used forcommercial and industrial heating, electricitygeneration, and to power ships Imports of re-sidual fuel oil include imported crude oilburned as fuel

residual hearing

That capability for hearing retained by an dividual with hearing loss

in-residual radioactive material

Under the Federal Uranium Mill Tailings diation Control Act of 1978: Waste (whichthe Secretary of Energy determines to be ra-dioactive) in the form of tailings resultingfrom the processing of ores for the extraction

Ra-of uranium and other valuable constituents Ra-ofthe ores and other radioactive waste at a proc-essing site which relates to such processing,including any residual stock of unprocessedores or low-grade materials

residual risk

That risk that remains after the application orimplementation of controls, barriers, or otherrisk-reducing methods or techniques

Trang 40

residual strength

The maximum value of nominal stress that a

cracked body is capable of sustaining,

ne-glecting the area of the crack itself

residual stress

The stress that remains in a structure after

processing, fabrication, assembly, testing, or

operation (for example, welding-induced

re-sidual stress)

residual volume

The volume of air remaining in the lungs after

a maximal expiration Also called residual

air

residue

(1) With regard to solid wastes, all solids that

remain after completion of thermal

process-ing, including bottom ash, fly ash, and grate

siftings (2) The hazardous material

remain-ing in a packagremain-ing, includremain-ing a tank car, after

its contents have been unloaded to the

maxi-mum extent practicable and before the

pack-aging is either refilled or cleaned of hazardous

material and purged to remove any hazardous

vapors

residue rule

States that any residue left in empty

contain-ers will not be regulated under RCRA

pro-vided that all hazardous wastes are removed

from the container using the practice

com-monly employed to remove materials from

that type of container and that no more than

one inch of residue remains Also referred to

as the one inch rule.

resilience

The ratio of energy given up on a recovery

from deformation to the energy required to

produce the deformation in an elastic

struc-ture

resist-dyeing

A textile coloring technique in which a

sub-stance which prevents dyeing is applied to

certain threads before dyeing to produce

col-oring patterns

resistance

(1) Opposition of a conductor to passage of

electricity or other energy or substance See

also electrical resistance (2) The ability of

an organism to withstand a noxious influence

For plants and animals, the ability to

with-stand poor environmental conditions and/or

attacks by chemicals or disease The abilitymay be inborn or developed (3) In studies ofrespiration, an expression of the opposition toflow of air produced by the tissues of the airpassages, in terms of pressure per amount ofair per unit of time (4) In psychoanalysis,opposition to the coming into consciousness

of repressed material

resistance arm

That portion of a lever arm from the fulcrum

to the point at which the resistance is applied

resistance heating

The use of electrical resistance to provideheat, normally within a relatively confined orlocalized volume

resistance strain gauge

A transducer constructed of a material whichchanges electrical resistance under stress ordeformation

resistance thermometer

A device containing a sensing element whoseelectrical resistance varies as a known func-tion of temperature and thus can provide atemperature measurement

resolution

(1) Instrumentation The smallest change in

concentration of a contaminant that will duce a detectable change in instrument output

pro-(2) Electronics The number of horizontal

and vertical pixels which are available fordisplay on a screen at any given time

(1) General A phenomenon in which an

ex-ternally forced oscillation imposed on aphysical-mechanical system causes a maximaloscillatory response amplitude in that system

(2) Acoustics Exists when any changes,

however small, in the frequency of excitation

Tiêu đề	Dictionary of Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health - Part 4 (end) pot
Tác giả	Vincoli, Jeffrey W.
Trường học	CRC Press LLC
Thể loại	Sách tham khảo
Năm xuất bản	2000
Thành phố	Boca Raton

Định dạng
Số trang	280
Dung lượng	4,25 MB