Advances in parasitology global mapping of infectious diseases - part 4 potx

Nelson6,7 1 Center for International Earth Science Information Network CIESIN, Columbia University, PO Box 1000, Palisades, NY 10964, USA 2 Development Research Group, World Bank, 1818 H

Webster, R., Oliver, M.A., Muir, K.R and Mann, J.R (1994) Kriging the local risk of a rare disease from a register of diagnoses Geographical Analysis 26, 168–185

Woodcock, C.E and Strahler, A.H (1987) The factor of scale in remote-sensing Remote Sensing of Environment 21, 311–332

Zhan, Q., Molenaar, M and Lucieer, A (2002) Pixel unmixing at the sub-pixel scale based on land cover class probabilities: application to urban areas In: Uncertainty in Remote Sensing and GIS (G.M Foody and P.M Atkinson, eds), pp 59–76 Wiley: Chichester

P.M ATKINSON AND A.J GRAHAM 118

Determining Global Population

Distribution: Methods, Applications and

Data

D.L Balk1, U Deichmann2, G Yetman1, F Pozzi1,3, S.I Hay4,5

and A Nelson6,7

1

Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University, PO Box 1000, Palisades, NY 10964, USA 2

Development Research Group, World Bank, 1818 H Street, Washington, DC

20433, USA 3

Universita` Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, sede di Brescia, via dei Musei 41,

25121, Brescia, Italy 4

TALA Research Group, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South

Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PS, UK 5

Malaria Public Health & Epidemiology Group, Centre for Geographic Medicine, KEMRI, PO Box 43640, 00100 Nairobi, Kenya

6

School of Geography, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, West

Yorkshire, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK 7

JRC (Joint Research Centre of the European Commission), Global Environment Monitoring Unit, TP 440, Via Enrico Fermi 1, I-21020 Ispra

(VA), Italy

Abstract 120

1 Introduction 120

1.1 Rendering Population on a Global Grid 121

1.2 Institutional Stewardship 122

2 Data 124

2.1 Gridded Population of the World 127

2.2 Global Rural Urban Mapping Project 128

2.3 Accessibility Modeling 130

2.4 Highly Modeled Surfaces 132

3 Methodology 133

3.1 Adjusting Population Estimates to Target Years 133

3.2 Limitations of the Ancillary Data 136

ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY VOL 62

ISSN: 0065-308X $35.00

Copyright r 2006 Elsevier Ltd.

All rights of reproduction in any form reserved

Table 1 Comparison of GPW versions and related databases

urban areas

Urban areas

America

Global

and WRI

CIAT

Deichmann; WRI;

CIAT, UNEP and CIESIN

CIESIN, IFPRI, World Bank, and CIAT

Gridded surface

resolution a

Population-weighted

admin units

Settlement points (xls,

csv, shp formats)

Note: A dot indicates the data set is publicly available.0and00represent arc-minutes and arc-seconds, respectively

a

Gridded surfaces are available in these formats: 00, bil, ascii

Plate 4.3 Process by which GRUMP population surface is constructed, illus-trated for southern Ghana Panel 1 shows inputs side by side with their population counts Panel 1A is identical to the inputs to GPW, panel 1B shows the additional urban areas used in GRUMP In panel 2, the inputs are merged, first illustrated as an overlay of the urban footprints over the administrative polygons in panel 2A, and the final grid, in panel 2B (with administrative and urban) boundaries overlaid (density/ square km)

Defining the Global Spatial Limits of Malaria Transmission in 2005

C.A Guerra1, R.W Snow2,3and S.I Hay1,2

1

TALA Research Group, Tinbergen Building, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK 2

Malaria Public Health & Epidemiology Group, Centre for Geographic Medicine, KEMRI/Wellcome Trust Research Laboratories, PO Box 43640,

00100 Nairobi, Kenya 3

Centre for Tropical Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford,

Oxford OX3 9DS, UK

Abstract 157

1 Introduction 158

2 The Distribution of Malaria Risk from Travel Guidelines 159

3 The Biological Limits of Transmission 161

3.1 Altitudinal Mask 161

3.2 Climate Suitability Mask 167

3.3 Population Density Mask 167

4 Distinguishing P falciparum and P vivax risk 169

5 Regional Analysis 169

6 Discussion 173

7 Conclusions 174

Acknowledgements 175

References 175

ABSTRACT

There is no accurate contemporary global map of the distribution of malaria We show how guidelines formulated to advise travellers on appropriate chemoprophylaxis for areas of reported Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax malaria risk can be used to generate

ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY VOL 62

ISSN: 0065-308X $35.00

Copyright r 2006 Elsevier Ltd.

All rights of reproduction in any form reserved