Tiuh Tiuh Central American a Guatemalan creator-spirit inthe form of a hawk He is said to have killed Coyote afterwhich he created humans from theblood of animals mixed with groundmaize.
Trang 1son of Vari-Ma-Te-Takere
He abandoned Hina-uri, the
moon-goddess who loved him, after their
son was born When Kae killed and
ate Tinirau’s pet whale, the sea-god
killed Kae and ate him
His home in the world coconut is
below that of Atea and on the island of
Motu-Tapu, the Sacred Isle
He sometimes appeared as a
hand-some youth but is usually depicted as
He was promised the province by
Eochaid Feidhleach, king of Ireland,
but when he killed Fiodhach, who
was a suitor for the hand of the king’s
daughter, Maev, Eochaid deposed him
and gave the province to Maev
In some accounts, Maev took him
as her second husband after leaving
Conor mac Nessa who later killed
a hero of the Philippines
He is said to have had many adventures,
both sexual and physical, including the
liberation of the giant, Mauleon
[Dundage.Tintagil]
home of Gorlois
birthplace of Arthur
In later stories, this is the home of
Mark, king of Cornwall
the supreme god of Bali
Tiny Flower North American
a Tewa hunter
husband of White Corn
When his wife was lured away by a
Kachina rain-spirit, he sought help
from Spider Woman and, using the
magic pipe and lightning bolts which
she gave him, he killed the Kachina
and rescued his wife
a king of UlsterEochaid Yellowmouth, who was inUlster, was killed by men sent by his brother, the high-king Conn, towatch Eochaid who was a trouble-maker Tiobraide took some warriors,disguised as women, to Tara wherethey killed the high-king
(see also Fergus mac Leda)
a monkMongan once assumed the guise ofTiobraide to gain access to his ownwife, Dubh Lacha, who had been taken
by Brandubh
Tiopra Slaine (see Slane)
Tip of the Single Feather
Pacific Islands
an invincible hero of Flight of the Chiefs
son of The Eldest
a Melanesian god of healingThe god’s shadow appears in the form
son of Hagnias or Phorbas
He died on the way to Colchis
Tipitaka (see Tripitaka)
Tippakalleum (see Mailkun)
a bull-roarer used in initiation rites
in New Guinea
Tippett, Michael English
a composer
He wrote the opera King Priam
in Maori lore, these are changing demons
[Land under the Sea.Land under the Waves.Tir fa Thonn.Tir fa Thuinn.
Tir fo-Thiunn]
paradise: Elysium
It was to this land that Gilla Dacarabducted some of Finn’s men
Tir fa Thonn (see Tir fa Tonn)
Tir fa Thuinn (see Tir fa Tonn)
Tir fo-Thiunn (see Tir fa Tonn)
[(Is)land of Women.Tir na mBan:
to dust The island was also visited byMaeldun
[Land of Life.Land of the Living Tir na mBeo.Tir nam Beo]
the land of eternal life and goodhealth: paradise: a fairyland away
to the west
Tir inna nIongnadh Irish
[Land of Wonders.Tir na nIongnadh]
an island visited by Conn in his search for a sinless couple
Tir na mBan (see Tir inna mBan)
Tir na mBeo (see Tir inna mBeo)
[Land of Youth.Tir na nOc.Tir na n-Og Tir-nan-Og:=Welsh Underland]the home of the blessed dead: Elysium: a part of the WesternParadise
Tir na nIongnadh
(see Tir inna nIongnadh)
Tir-nam-Beo (see Tir inna Beo)
Tir na n-Oc (see Tir inna n-Og)
Tir na n-Og (see Tir inna n-Og)
Tir-nan-Og (see Tir inna n-Og)
Tir Taingire (see Tir Tairnigiri)
Tir Taingiri (see Tir Tairnigiri)
[Land of Promise.Tir Taingire Tir Taingiri]
a fabulous island, home ofManannan
This was one of the islands visited byBrendan
Tirawa (see Atius-Tirawa)
Tirawa-Atius (see Atius-Tirawa)
Tirawahat (see Tirawahut)
Tirawahut North American
[Tirawahat]
the celestial kingdom of Atius-Tirawa
Tireisias (see Teiresias)
Tiresias (see Teiresias)
Tiri 1 South American
a hunter or nature-spirit in Boliviason of Ule
He was a hunter whose mother waskilled by one of the four young jaguarswhose lair she shared Tiri was born asshe died and continued to live with the
Trang 2jaguars When he reached manhood,
he killed three of the animals but thefourth escaped and was taken into theheaven by the moon
Tiri 2 South American
a hunter or nature-spirit
in Brazil
He was said to have emerged from thetrunk of a tree and was suckled by ajaguar He later opened the tree trunkand all his tribe appeared
He rebelled against his own father,imprisoned Zazel and then became atyrannical ruler, killing many of hisown children and turning Hela’s hairinto snakes
tirthakara (see tirthankara)
tirthamkara (see tirthankara)
tirthankar (see tirthankara)
tirthanker (see tirthankara)
[jina.tirtha(m)kara.tirthankar.tirthanker]
a prophet revered as a deity
It is said that with each fresh cycle ofthe universe forty-eight tirthankarasare produced who are regarded assuperior to any gods and who aredetached from all terrestrial mattersand unaffected by change
Other accounts refer to twenty-foursuch beings, all ascetics, who existedand preached the lore of Jainism evenbefore Mahavira
Tisamenes (see Tisamenus)
[Tisamenes]
a king of Spartason of Orestes and Hermionefather of Cometes
He was driven from the throne by theHeracleidae and was later killed inbattle
a king of Thebesson of Thersander and Demonassafather of Autesion
son of Jason and Medea,
in some accounts
Her father handed her over to Creon
to be reared but Creon’s wife sold her
as a slave Her father later rescuedher
[=Indian Trishna]
a Javanese rice-goddess
[Tishpak]
a guardian god of Esnumma
a name for Ninurta, some say
[Tishtrya:=Roman Pluvius]
a rain-god and god of fertilitythe star Sirius personifiedone of the YazatasWhen the land was affected bydraught, Tistrya descended into thesea, Vourukasha, and, in the form of
a white horse, fought the demon ofdrought, Apaosha, as a black one
He is sometimes depicted as a bullwith golden horns, at others as aradiant youth
Tisyphone (see Tisiphone)
Uranus had imprisoned his otheroffspring, the Cyclopes, in Tartarusand Gaea incited the Titans to attacktheir father and release the prisoners
In another version, all the Titans,Cyclopes and the Hundred-handedOnes were chained up in Tartarus.The leader of the Titans, Cronus,castrated his father with a flint sickleand took over the throne, marrying his sister Rhea, and putting theCyclopes back into Tartarus Whenthe sons of Cronus, led by Zeus,rebelled, a ten-year war between theTitans and the younger gods ensued atthe end of which the Titans weredefeated and Zeus took on the role ofCronus as ruler of the universe Thedefeated Titans (except Atlas who wascondemned to bear the sky on hisshoulders) were themselves incar-cerated in Tartarus
Some say that Zeus destroyed andburnt the Titans, making mankindfrom their ashes
Titanides (see Titanesses)
Titanis (see Titanesses)
Trang 3one of the poems in the
Epic Cycle dealing with
the wars between the
Titans and the gods
Titanomachy (see Titanomachia)
Titeli’ture (see Rumpelstiltskin)
a name of Kama as fire
father of Emathion and Memnon
Eos kidnapped Ganymede and
Tithonus to become her lovers She
chose to marry Tithonus and asked
Zeus to make her husband immortal
which he did But she had forgotten to
ask Zeus to give him eternal youth
with the result that Tithonus just got
older and older but could not die
When he was reduced to a mere
shrivelled husk, Eos changed him into
a grasshopper
the Greek name for the
Nubian god, Dedwen
one of the 2 peaks of Mount
Parnassus, sacred to Dionysus
(see also Lycorea)
a progenitor of the Anti tribe
After the world had been destroyed by
fire, Titi split open a tree from which
emerged a maiden and the
culture-hero Ule who mated and produced a
In some accounts, this is the lake from
which the sun first arose and also the
place of origin of the god Viracocha
Others say that Ayar Manco and
Mama Ocllo came down from the
heavens to an island in this lake
Titivil (see Tutivillus)
Titlachuan Central American
[Black Tezcatlipoca.Titlachahuan]
a malevolent god of the Aztecs
an aspect of Tezcatlipoca as guardian
of the north
As part of his everlasting struggle with Quetzalcoatl, Tezcatlipoca, asTitlachuan, took the form of aphysician and offered to cure his rival
of the sickness caused by the demonsthat harassed Quetzalcoatl The cureconsisted of getting him drunk onwine and, in that sorry state,Quetzalcoatl seduced a girl (his sister,
in some accounts) and, having beenguilty of drinking and seduction,Quetzalcoatl was banished
He or Tezcatlipoca warned Nataand Nena of the impending flood
Titlachahuan (see Titlachuan)
Tituabine Pacific Islands
a primordial female deity
of the Gilbert Islandsconsort of TabakeaShe and Tabakea produced all the otherdeities of the Gilbertese pantheon
son of Titurisonehusband of Richaudefather of Frimutel and Richaudefather of Amfortas, in some accounts
He built the Grail Temple on top ofMount Salvat to house the Holy Grailwhich he guarded with the help of the Templars
He married Richaude, a Spanishprincess, when he was over 400 yearsold and, when she died, he handedresponsibility for guarding the Grail
to his son Frimutel or, in someaccounts, Amfortas
father of Titurel
son of Brutusbrother of TiberiusWhen their father deposed TarquiniusSuperbus and set up the Republic,Titus and his brother plotted torestore the king They were betrayed
by a slave, tried and sentenced Theirfather pronounced sentence andwatched while they were flogged andexecuted
[Herminius]
a friend of HoratiusWith Spurius Lartius, he helpedHoratius to defend the Sublician Bridge
over the Tiber against the attackingEtruscans led by Lars Porsena
a king of the Sabinesbrother of Arrunsson of Tarquinius Superbus
He attacked Rome to try to recoverthe women who had been captured bythe Romans The treachery of Tarpeiagave the Sabines an advantage andRomulus sought the help of Jupiter
to stop the battle The women ranbetween the contestants and peace was restored with Titus and Romulusinstalled as co-rulers
[Tituos.Tityos]
a giantson of Zeus and Gaea or Elarefather of Europe
Some say he was one of the EarthbornGiants, son of Uranus and Gaea,others equate him with Titias
He was killed by Apollo, Artemis
or Zeus when attempting to rapeArtemis or Leto and was condemned
to Tartarus where he was stretched outand fastened by his arms and legs tothe ground, covering nine acres, whilehis liver was eaten by vultures
god of the waning year
It was said that he was killed byHeracles at the winter games
Tiuh Tiuh Central American
a Guatemalan creator-spirit inthe form of a hawk
He is said to have killed Coyote afterwhich he created humans from theblood of animals mixed with groundmaize When these humans bred tocreate the tribes, he led a force ofwarriors to the shore where, when ared staff was thrust into the water, the sea parted to allow them to pass
a scribe of the Armenian gods
He conducted souls to the world and recorded their deeds ontheir foreheads
He sent a bird to discover the cause of
Trang 4the noise in his wife’s womb and thefirst bullroarer, Tokijenjeni, emerged.
Tiwaiwaka Pacific Islands
a guardian on the road to paradise
the home of Viracocha
a Bambara spirit of the wind
[E(a)r.Erchtag.Ir.Tiuz.Tiw(a).Zio Ziu(-Wara).Ziu(men):=Saxon Tig:
=Norse Tyr]
a war-god
He is said to have had only one armand, in some versions, was a hugewooden pillar or tree, holding up theuniverse, like Yggdrasil
a pharaohfather of Nectanebo
a goddess of Thebesconsort of Menthu
shamans: wizards
an ancestral batson of Kunmanggur
He stabbed his father in an argumentabout their sexual prowess and hisfather then dived into the sea taking allthe fire with him
the name for the dreamtime used bythe tribes of the west and south
(see also alchera)
Tlacahuepan Central American
an Aztec war-godbrother of Quetzalcoatl, some say
It is said that on one occasion he went
to Tollan with Tezcatlipoca whofascinated the inhabitants bydisplaying a tiny infant (who was infact, the god Huitzilopochtli) dancing
on the palm of his hand Many died inthe crush to see this marvel and theremainder, angry at the loss of theirfriends, killed both Tezcatlipoca andthe infant The bodies then gave off astench that killed many thousands ofthe Toltecs and more died when theytried to remove the bodies
Tlacaelel Central American
an Aztec sage
a goddessdaughter of Mug RuithShe was said to have been raped bySimon Magus In another story shemanaged to produce three sons at onebirth, each of them by a differentfather She died in the effort
In some accounts she is the same asEire
Tlachtliby Central American
[=Mayan Pok-ta-Pok]
a sacred ball-game of the Aztecs
an Aztec deitysister of Teicu, Ticapan and Xocutin
These beings are regarded as fouraspects of Tlazolteotl as a witch
Tlacolotl Central American
the owl which, in Aztec lore, is anomen of evil
Tlaelquani (see Tlaelquarni)
Tlaelquarni Central American
[Filth-eater.Tlaelquani]
a name for Tlazolteotl as ‘cleanser’
Tlahuicalpantecuhtli
Central American
[Lord of the (House of) Dawn.
Lord of the Light of Dawn.
Tlahuitzin Central American
wife of YapponShe and her husband were killed byYaotl and became scorpions
Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli
(see Tlahuicalpantecuhtli)
a sky-chief in the lore of the tribes
Tlalhuicole Central American
a warrior of Tlascala
He was captured on the battlefield and brought before the Aztec king,Montezuma, who was so impressedwith the young man’s prowess that heoffered him his freedom When herefused, asking to be sacrificed to thegods, the king put him in charge of aforce which defeated the Tarascans.Again the king offered him his libertyand again Tlalhuicole refused Thistime the king granted his wish and the Tlascalan was chained to thetemalacatl (a commemorative stone)and faced combat with the best ofMontezuma’s warriors After killingeight and wounding many others hewas finally overcome and hauled tothe teocalli (sacred pyramid) where hisheart was torn out by the priest
Tlalli-iyollo Central American
a name for Xochiquetzal as a love-goddess and goddess of flowers
Tlalnepantla Central American
a sacred siteThis was the spot where Quetzalcoatlrested and wept, leaving a hand-print
in the rock
Tlalnepantla Tiw
Trang 5Tlaloc Central American
[Tlaloctecuhtli:=Mayan (Xib) Chac:
=Mixtec Tzahui:=Totonac Tajin:
=Zapotec Cocijo]
a rain-god of the Aztecs and Toltecs
an aspect (south) of Tezcatlipoca
husband and brother
of Chalchihuitlicue
husband of Xochiquetzal, some say
father of the Tlalocs
In the Aztec creation stories, he
became the ruler of the Third Sun
Quetzalcoatl had ruled for the 676
years of the Second Sun and had
created a new race of people Tlaloc
caused a great wind which blew all
these people away (except for a few
who became monkeys) and took over
for the period of the Third Sun which
lasted for 364 years, after which
Chalchihuitlicue became ruler of the
Fourth Sun
He is regarded as the ruler of
Ilhuicatl Xoxouhcan, the eighth of the
thirteen Aztec heavens, or of Tlalocan,
the lowest of the three heavens
In some accounts he is the father of
Tecciztecatl whom he burnt to make
the moon He owns four jugs from
which he can pour rain, not all of it
beneficial
Other accounts make him an
aspect of Tezcatlipoca as guardian of
the south
He is depicted as black, blue, red or
white, with teeth like tusks, or as a toad
wearing a serpent headdress or as a
feathered serpent
(see also Quiyauhtonatiuh)
Tlalocan Central American
an Aztec heaven, lowest of 3, the
home of Tlaloc and reserved for
those drowned or killed by storms
Some say that this was the realm that
provided a measure of happiness for
the souls of the dead who spent their
time eating, playing games and
singing After four years, they were
reborn, allowing the poss-ibility of
improved status giving access to a
higher heaven later on
(see also Chamecaciuatl.
Ilhuicatl Xoxouhcan)
Tlalocs Central American
[Clouds.Tlaloques:=Mayan Bacabs]
minor Aztec rain-gods, the offspring
of Tlaloc and Chalchihuitlicue
(see also Tlaloc-Tepictoton)
Tlaloctecuhtli (see Tlaloc)
Tlaloque-Tepictoton Central American
Aztec rain-gods, assistants to Tlaloc
These spirits supervised Tlalocan,
the land of the dead (see also Tlalocs)
Tlaltecuhtli Central American
In some accounts, this deity isregarded as female and is the ruler ofIlhuicatl Tlalocan Ipan Meztli, second
of the thirteen Aztec heavens
(see Ilamatecuhtli)
Tlaltecuin Central American
one of the 4 sages of the Aztecmigration
These four (the other sages wereknown as Chipactonal, Oxomoco andXochicahuaca) were said to haveinvented the Aztec calendar
Tlalticpac Central American
the home of Xiuhtecuhtli, the lowest
of the 13 Aztec heavens
Tlalzicco Central American
[Navel of the Earth]
another name for Mictlan, the abode
of the dead
in the lore of the Kabyle, the place below the earth from which the primaeval buffalo and calf emerged
Tlamatzsincatl (see Tezcatlipoca)
Tlanuwa (see Great Hawk)
Tlapallan Central American
[Land of Bright Colours.Tabasco.Xalac]
the land from which Quetzalcoatlcame and to which he returned
In some accounts, this name is given
to Quetzalcoatl himself
Tlatecuhtli (see Tlaltecuhtli)
TlauizcalpantecuhtliCentral American
[Lord of the (House of) Dawn.
Lord of the Light of Dawn]
a name for Quetzalcoatl as themorning star
In Toltec lore, ruler of the twelfthhour of the day
Tlazolteotl Central American
an aspect of Tonantzinconsort of Tezcatlipoca
mother of Cinteotl and Xochiquetzal
In Toltec lore, ruler of the fifth hour
of the day and the seventh hour of thenight
Devotees of this goddess weretrained as prostitutes and killed afterserving the soldiery
In some accounts, she has fouraspects, the sisters Teicu, Ticapan,Tlaco and Xocutin
In some versions she is an aspect ofCoatlicie as the eater of filth
Tlazolteotli (see Tlazoltoetl)
tlecuil Central American
a brazier representing one of thegods, in the lore of the Aztecs
Tlehanoai North American
on their journey from the underworld,
to escape from the flood As a reward,
he was appointed Moon-bearer
He is said to have created game anddomestic animals
or Astydamiahusband of Polyxofather of Deipylus
He killed his uncle Licymnius and fled
to Rhodes He fought at Troy and waskilled by Sarpedon
one of the Epigoni, some say
Tletonatiuh (see Quiahuitl)
Tliewatuwadjigican North American
in the lore of the tribes of the northwest, a servant ofNascakiyetl
(see also Adawaulcanak)
Tlillan-Tlapallan Central American
the inhabitants of the second-highestAztec heaven
These beings were believed to befleshless
In other accounts, Tlillan-Tlapallanwas the second highest of the threeoriginal Aztec heavens, rather than itsinhabitants
a hawk used as a messenger by theAztec gods
Trang 6Tloque Nahuaque (see Ometeotl)
He was the judge of the musiccompetition between Apollo and Pan
He also judged the similar contestbetween Apollo and Maryas thoughothers say that this contest was judged
[‘the way’:=Chinese Tao]
the guiding principle
the yellow phoenix (see also ch’i-lin)
To-Kabinana Pacific Islands
an ancestor-hero in New Britaintwin brother of To-Karvuvu
A primordial god drew two figures inthe earth and sprinkled them with his own blood, so producing To-Kabinana, the sun, and his brother To-Karvuvu, the moon
He produced women by climbing atree and throwing down two coconutswhich broke open to disclose twobeautiful girls He also carved awooden fish which drove other fishashore so that he could collect themwithout effort
To-Karvuvu Pacific Islands
an ancestor-hero in New Britaintwin brother of To-Kabinana
A primordial god drew two figures inthe earth and sprinkled them with hisown blood, producing To-Karvuvu,the moon, and his brother To-Kabinana, the sun
When he tried to copy his brother’sfeats of magic he made a mess ofthings The girls he produced from
coconuts were either dead or had flat noses because he dropped thecoconuts the wrong way up and thefish he carved was a shark which, farfrom driving fish ashore for him tocollect, ate them
He is said to have eaten the firstwoman
in Japanese lore, the 8 hot hells
(see also Abuda)
T’o-t’a-li (see Li Ching)
[=Hindu Vaishravana:=Japanese Bishamon:=Taoist Mo-li Shou]
a Buddhist guardian spirit of the north and winter
angry deities in Tibet
To’a-hiti Pacific Islands
(2) The Greeks regard the toad as asymbol of Sabazius
(3) The Romans believed that thetoad carried in its head a stoneknown as the borax
a priest of the sun-god of the Celebes
son of Lumimu’ut, the first womanHis mother was made pregnant by thewind to produce Toar who, as a man,mated with his mother to produce thepeople and their gods
the 16 deities of the Sioux, aspects of Wakan TankaThese deities are referred to as theSuperior Gods, the Associated Gods,the Kindred Gods and the God-like
an emperor of Japan
He took a fox-woman, Toji, as hisconcubine
Tobachischini (see Tobadzistsini)
Tobadzistsini North American
[Thobadestchin.Thobadzistshini Tobachischini]
a Navaho war-god and god
of darknessone of the Yeibechison of Tsohanoai and Estanatlehison of Yolkai Estsan, some saytwin brother of Nayenezgani, some say
He and his brother Nayenezgani weregiven feathers, to protect them fromall dangers, by the spider-womanNaste Estsan They travelled to thehouse of their father, the sun-godTsohanoai, who accepted them as hissons only after testing them withspikes, scalding steam and poison Hethen gave them weapons such aslightning with which to rid the land ofmonsters, the anaye
They first killed the giant Yeitsoand then the monster Teelget Theyalso killed the enormous beasts, withtalons like eagles, known as theTsenahale and plucked their featherswhich changed into small singingbirds Other versions includeadventures involving the killing of anenormous bear, the rock-spiritTsenagahi and the people alleged to
be able to kill just by looking, known
as the Binaye Ahani
[=Navaho Tobadzistsini]
a trickster-deity of the Paiutetwin-brother of Shinobbrother of Cunawabi
son of TobitWhen his father was blinded by theexcrement of sparrows, Tobias curedhim by using fish-gall
a hunterFor a joke, he dressed as a tengu andclimbed into a tree The local peasants,thinking him a real deity, broughtofferings and worshipped beneath thetree When he tried to copy the antics
of the tengu, he fell out of the tree andwas killed
Tobinus Streat de Montroy British
a knight of King Arthur’s court
an ancient sun-godfather of Tobias
He was blinded by the excrement ofsparrows but his son cured him byusing fish-gall
Tobit Tloque Nahuaque
Trang 7Tobosaku Japanese
[=Chinese Shou Shen]
a god of longevity
one of the Sennin
(see also Fukurokuju.Jurojin)
Tocapo Viracocha South American
[Tucupay.Tunapa]
son of Pachayachachic
brother of Imaymana
Viracocha
When his father created the earth, he
gave Tocapo the task of naming all the
things he had created When the job
was done, Tocapo resumed his place in
the heavens (see also Tocay)
[Tokay]
an Inca king
In one story of the origins of the
Incas, the land was divided into four
parts, each ruled by a king, when the
waters of the flood subsided One
king was Tocay, who was given the
west; the others were Colla, Manco
Capac and Pinahua
In some accounts he is Ayar Cachi,
in other versions of the story he is the
same as Tocapo Viracocha
Tochipa Central American
[Tochopa]
the creator-god of the Mohave
Indians
son of the earth-goddess
twin brother of Kukumatz
father of Pukeheh
In some accounts, his brother caused
the flood which drowned all the
people with the exception of Tochipa’s
daughter, Pukeheh, who survived
because her father had sealed her
inside a tree The human race was
renewed when Pukeheh mated with
Sunshaft and Waterfall
[Wooing of Emer]
the story of Cuchulainn and Emer
Tochtli 1 Central American
the eighth of the 20 days of the
Aztec month
Symbolising the rabbit and south,
the day was governed by Mayahuel
Tochtli 2 (see Ome Tochtli)
Toci Central American
[Tocitzin]
a name for Teteoinnan or Tlazolteotl
as ‘grandmother’ or as an earthquake goddess
In some accounts she is identified withXilonen
Tocobatto
a demon of the dance
Todtenschuh. (see Hel-shoes)
[The Rumbler.Toh]
a fire-god of the Quiche Indians
He was the tutelary deity of the clan ofBalam Quitzé and was said to havebrought them the gift of fire He wasturned to stone when the rays of thenewly-formed sun fell on him
a guardian deityone of the 28 Nijuhachi-Bushu
[=Babylonian Tiamat]
a monster of primaeval chaos
[=Hawaiian kahuna]
a Maori priest or shamanThese people perform normal religiousrites such as funerals but are said to beable to converse with spirits, learningthe secrets of the future
divine founders of the Fon
Toi-mata Pacific Islands
[Axe-Eye]
a Tahitian goddess daughter of Orosister of Ai-Tupuai, Hoa-Tapu andMata-Fatu-Rau
She and her sisters accompanied theirfather in battle
Toia’lalit (see Toa’lalit)
a sub-kingfather of St Flannan
He was so impressed by the preaching
of his son that he gave up his throneand became a monk himself
a fox-womanShe was a concubine of the emperorToba
a god of death of the Huichol Indians
Tokalosh (see Tikoloshe)
a famous archer
the spirit of the bullroarer, in the lore of New GuineaTivr sent a bird to discover the cause
of the roaring in his wife’s womb and Tokijenjeni, the first bullroarer,emerged
wife of Yoshitomomother of YoshitsumeWhen her husband was killed byKiyomori, leader of the Taira clan, sheagreeed to marry Kiyomori to save her children from death at his hands.She hated him and taught her son,Yoshitsume, to hate him too
a regent
He travelled the country to find outhow the poor lived and wasentertained by Sano, an impoverishedsamurai who had been cheated out ofhis estates When, at a later date, Sanoappeared, very poorly equipped, toanswer a call to arms, he was takenbefore Tokiyora who restored hislands and rewarded him with othervillages
Toko Tachi (see Tokotachi)
Tokoloshe (see Tikoloshe)
[Amanotokotachi.Toko-Tachi]
a Shinto creator-god, one of the 5 Separate Heavenly Deities
daughter of Oribe ShimaWhen her father was banished to a faroff land by the emperor, Tokoyo went
in search of him She came upon apriest about to throw a maiden into thesea as a sacrifice to the serpent-god,Yofuné-Nushi, and volunteered to take
Trang 8the girl’s place Jumping into the sea,she met the serpent-god and killedhim She found an image of theemperor on the sea-bed and took this,together with the dead serpent, back toland The return of the image returnedthe emperor to full health and, ingratitude, he recalled Oribe Shimawho was re-united with Tokoyo.
He successfully eluded his pursuers
by the use of magic and disguise,sometimes taking the form of one ofthe group of frogs he lived with
a Buddhist abbotWhen he died, Tokudo found himself
in the presence of Emma-O whoinstructed him to make known theexistence of the Thirty-three Places,shrines sacred to Kwannon, giving him
a seal which he could show to thedoubters Tokudo then returned to lifeand sent his disciples on a pilgrimage
to the thirty-three shrines
(1628-1700)grandson of Ieyasu Tokugawa
He was responsible for the destruction
of hundreds of Buddhist monasteriesand was deified on his death
a man deceived by foxesTokutaro refused to believe that foxeshad power over humans and accepted
a challenge to prove it When awoman appeared, he suspected thatshe was a fox-woman and killed her,but she was a normal human and hewas saved from death at the hands ofher parents only when a priest pleaded
for him He undertook to become apriest and have his head shaved – only
to wake up to find that his head had
in fact been shaved by the cunningfoxes
a male dollThese dolls, which represent a child ofabout two years of age, are said tobring good fortune if they are properly looked after The female version isOtoku-san
a statue of an ancestor venerated as
a guardian of the village
Tollan 2 (see Ilhuicatl Tonatiuh)
Tolleme la Feintes (see Tholomer)
tolokende Pacific Islands
a ceremony to cure the sick
In this ceremony, a doll made of leaves
is offered to the spirits in the beliefthat they will cure a sick person
He is regarded as the progenitor of the Toltec people
[Red (Rose) Knight]
son of King Arthur by Angelica
He was reared by a shepherd andbecame a commander in King Arthur’sarmy He fathered the Faerie Knight
on Caelia and the Black Knight onAnglitora with whom he eloped Sheleft him when she found out that hewas a bastard and, when Tom followedher, she killed him His son, the BlackKnight, avenged his father by killingAnglitora
son of Thomas of the MountainMerlin foretold that Thomas’ sonwould be no bigger than his thumband this proved to be the case He wasfully formed as a man in a few minutesbut grew no taller
His godmother, queen of thefairies, gave him some wonderful gifts:
a ring that could make him invisible, ahat that could impart whateverknowledge he needed, a belt thatcould change his shape and a pair ofshoes that could carry him wherever
he wished to go
He was said to have been a friend ofKing Arthur He had crawled into thesleeve of the giant, Grumbo, whoshook Tom into the sea where he wasswallowed by a fish He met the kingwhen the fish was served at one ofArthur’s feasts
Tom-Tit-Tot (see Rumpelstiltskin)
Tomartind Pacific Islands
a hero of Luzon
It is said that he made friends with awitch who gave him a rod whichrendered monsters harmless and hehad a tunnel dug so that he couldtravel to the land of the dead whenever
he wished
Tomiyauhtecuhtli Mesopotamian
an Aztec fertility-god and rain-god
[Tomo]
a hero who became a funa-yureiHis spirit was said to walk on thebottom of the sea and pull up theanchors of moored ships
Tomomori Tokoyo-naganaki-dori
Trang 9Tomor Baltic
[Baba,Tomorr]
an Albanian creator-god and
wind-god
mother of the south-east wind,
in the lore of the tribes of the
north-west
[=Chinese T’ai-chi:=Korean Tahgook]
in Japan, a good luck talisman
symbolising the revolving universe
a servant of Shinzaburo
His master was entertaining Tsuyu and
her maid, Yoné, both of whom had
died, the former from unrequited love
of Shinzaburo To Shinzaburo, Tsuyu
appeared as the beautiful maiden he
had first met; to Tomozo she was the
ghost of a dead woman and he ran to
tell the sage, Yusai, what he had seen
With the help of a priest, Shinzaburo
was able to keep the ghosts at bay but
Tomozo took a bribe from Yoné and
the affair was resumed Next morning,
Tomozo found his master dead beside
the bones of Tsuyu
a Cheyenne hero who is said to have
introduced the sun-dance
a guardian spirit of the household
This being lives in a tree near a house
and dies if the tree is cut down unless
it manages to reach the rafters of the
He was so devoted to his wife that,
when she died, he visited her in Vabusi,
the home of the spirits of the dead
In some accounts, the children
aband-oned by Guagugiana were turned into
tona Others say that they became
frogs
Tonacacihuatl Central American
[Lady Nourishment.Lady of Our
She combined with Tonacatecuhtli tocreate life on earth and, in someaccounts, is identified with Omecihuatl
This deity lived in the highest of thethirteen Aztec heavens
(see also Chicimecohuatl.
Citlalinicue.Ometeotl.Xochquetzal)
Tonacatecuhtli Central American
[Chicomexochtli.Lord Nourishment.
Lord of Our Flesh.Tonacateotl]
the primaeval male principle of the Aztecs
father of Camaxtli, Huitzilopochtli,Izinteotl, Quetzalcoatl and Tezcatlipoca, some say
It is said that he combined withTonacacihuatl to create life on earthand, in some accounts, is identifiedwith Ometicuhtli
He drove four roads through themiddle of the earth to drain away thewaters of the flood which brought thefourth age of the world to an end
This deity lived in the highest of thethirteen Aztec heavens or alternatively
in Ilhuicatl Yayauhcan, the sixth
(see also Ometecuhtli)
Tonacajohua Central American
a female aspect of Cinteotl
as ‘sustainer’
Tonacaquahuit Central American
the Mexican tree of life
Tonacateot (see Tonacatecuhtli)
Tonalamatl Central American
[Book of the Calendar]
an Aztec book of divination
Tonaleque Central American
an Aztec goddessShe is regarded as the ruler of IlhuicatlHuixtotlan, the fifth of the thirteenAztec heavens
Tonalpohualli Central American
[=Maya Tzolkin]
a division of the sacred calendar
of the AztecsThis period of 260 days (twenty weeks
of thirteen days each) was divided intofive parts, one for each of the cardinalpoints plus one for the centre
a name of Jupiter as ‘thunderer’
Tonantzin Central American
[Tonatzin]
an Aztec mother-goddessShe appears as Coatlicue, Cihuacoatland Tlazolteotl
Tonatiuh Central American
[Pil(t)zintecuhtli.Young Prince]
an Aztec creator-god and sun-god
an aspect (east) of Tezcatlipoca
He is regarded as the ruler of the fifthage of the universe and lives in IlhuicatlTonatiuh, the fourth of the thirteenAztec heavens or in Tonatiuhican, thehighest of the three heavens
Tonatiuhican Central American
[House of the Sun]
the highest of the 3 original Aztecheavens
(see also Ilhuicatl Tonatiuh)
Tonatlan Central American
[=Aztec Tollan]
the home of the sun-god
Tonatzin (see Tonantzin)
Toneinili (see Tonenili)
[Grey God.Libabi.Toneinili.‘waterer’]
a Navaho rain-godone of the Yeibechi
He is depicted as a dancing fool,wearing a blue mask
one of the 4 attributes of a king of the Alur, the shining spear
in Samoa, the southwest wind
the first woman, in the lore of Samoa
a headache-demon, one of theponaturi
It is said that this demon and Kanaewere the only two to escape whenTawhaki trapped the ponaturi whohad killed his father
Tongatea Pacific Islands
wife of NgaruWhen she found that her husband wasblack and hairless, she left him but shereturned later after he had bleachedhis body white and grown hair withthe help of Tangaroa
Hu or Thoth as an aspect of Ptah
a Maori spirit of fresh waterThese beings are revered as ancestralspirits
in the lore of Senegal, the drum which Marain Jagu took from thejinn
Trang 10the Chinook god of the south wind
He cut open a whale and released theraven Hahness
Toothcracker (see Tanngniostr)
Toothgnasher (see Tanngrisnr)
Toothgrinder (see Tanngniostr)
Topa Huaco South American
one of 4 sisters, ancestresses of theIncas
(see also Children of the Sun)
Topa Ayar Cachi (see Ayar Cachi)
a torture-demon
a gatekeeper in paradise
He intercepts souls en route to theland of the spirits and allows them topass only when they give him a giftwhich, in the case of women, may besex
He is depicted as having very largeears
Topiltcin (see Topiltzin)
Topiltzin Central American
[Topiltcin]
a 10th Cking of the ToltecsThis man, the last king of the Toltecs,was identified with Quetzalcoatl insome accounts
a place of torment: hellTophet is a valley, south of Jerusalem,where, it is said, children were sacr-ificed to Moloch The name, said to be
an oven in which the victims wereburnt, has been adopted as a synonymfor hell
a sky-god of the Pokot, the evening star
son of Tororut and Seta
Tor Inis (see Tory Island)
the site of Balor’s tower in Tory Island
a sign (tiger) of the Zodiac)
Tora Galles (see Horagalles)
Torach (see Tory Island)
[torana]
the gateway to a Buddhist temple
[Orc Triath.Treithirne:=Welsh Twrch Trwyth]
the chief boarThis animal was said to be owned byBrigit, the Dagda’s daughter
an ancestral hero or forest-god
of the PygmiesThis being is said to appear in theguise of a wind or a storm or as ananimal such as a leopard
[=Lappish Turms]
a Vogul sky-god
He lives in a tent near the north pole
to which he tethers his reindeer
deities, son of Torem
lover of Joterna-jestaThe maiden he loved rejected theadvances of the giant Senjemand whothen tried to shoot her with a hugearrow Torge threw his hat to deflectthe missile and saved her life
a bird woman in the lore of the Incas
sister of Aqua
Two brothers who escaped the floodcame back to their hut one day to findfood and drink already prepared Theelder brother watched and discoveredthat Aqua and Torito were responsiblebut they were frightened when theysaw him and failed to return for sometime When they did come back, theyounger brother trapped one of thebird-women and she lived with him for
a long time, bearing a number ofchildren who became the ancestors ofthe Canaris tribe
a hideous mountain-god
holy food: a cake used in rituals
a poetfoster-father of Niall
It is said that he rescued the infantNiall when he was abandoned byMongfhinn, his stepmother, andreared him, taking him to Tara when
he came of age When he heard ofNiall’s death at the hands of Eochu,Torna died of grief
[tornak:plur=torna(i)t]
an Inuit spirit controlling a shaman or,some say, the earth
a form of inuaThese beings are said to take the form
of bears, humans or stones
(see also Torngasoau)
Tornarssuk (see Tornasuk)
Torngarsak (see Tornasuk.Torngasoau)
Torngasoau North American
a supreme deity of the Inuit
(see also Tornarsuk)
an mythical race of giants in the lore
of the Inuit (see also tornait)
Trang 11a Spanish monk in Mexico who
recorded much of Aztec religion
He was taken to Arthur’s court as a
youth by his cowherd father, Aries,
who convinced Arthur to knight him
before his wedding began Merlin
disclosed that he was, in fact, a son of
Pellimore, who had forced himself on
Torre’s mother At Arthur’s wedding
feast Torre was sent off to find the
knight who had seized and ridden
away with the white bitch that had
chased the white stag into the hall,
interrupting the proceedings
He rode off and met a dwarf who
required him to joust with two
knights He defeated them both and
sent them to Arthur’s court The
dwarf then attached himself as servant
to Torre and led him to the knight he
was seeking Torre retrieved the bitch
from the knight’s lady and set off back
to Camelot The knight, Arbellus,
rode after him and they fought, with
Torre toppling his opponent He
might have spared him, but a damsel
rode up and demanded his head,
claiming that Arbellus had killed her
brother He ran away but Torre
overtook and killed him When he
returned to Camelot with the white
bitch and the dead Arbellus, he was
rewarded by the king who gave him
an earldom
He was one of those killed by
Lancelot when he rescued Guinevere
from the stake
son of Eliaures
His father was forced by King
Caradoc to mate with a bitch, a
mare and a sow The third coupling
produced Tortain
a Basque demon
This being, whose only one eye is in
his forehead, captures young people,
cuts them up and eats them
(1) The African Bulu tribe regardthe tortoise as a quick-thinkingtrickster-deity rather than a plodder
in the European tradition
In one tale, he responded to ademand to bring water in a basket
by asking for a strap on which tocarry it – the strap to be made ofsmoke
(2) The Chinese regard the tortoise
as the animal on which the world issupported
It is said that this animal can live for 3,000 years without food or air
There are said to be ten typesincluding a celestial tortoise which
is described as having the head of asnake on a dragon’s neck and itsskeleton on the outside of the flesh
Its four feet represent the fourcorners of the world
It is regarded as the ruler of thenorth and the winter season and isknown as Black Tortoise, Kuei Shen
or Sombre Warrior It is sometimesenvisaged as the Great Triad, itsbody representing the earth withthe upper and lower shells as thesky and oceans respectively
(3) In Greek myths the tortoise isthe symbol of Aphrodite, Hermesand Pan
(4) In Hindu lore, the tortoise is said to be the form in which Vishnuappeared in his second incarnation,
as Kurma
The tortoise Chukwa supports onits back the elephant Maha-pudwawhich in turn supports the earth
(5) In Japan this animal is said tosupport the Cosmic Mountain,home of the sennin
(6) In North America, some tribesbelieve that the world is supported
by a turtle (or by four such animals)while others say that the worlditself is a huge tortoise floating inthe prim-ordial, waters
The Delaware tribe say that thetree of life grows on the back of atortoise
(7) Some Siberian tribes say thatMandishire the supporter of theearth, is a huge tortoise whichcarries the world on its back
a name for Apollo as tower
Toruguenket South American
the moon, Jacy, in its evil aspectThe Tupi say that the moon falls anddestroys the earth at the end of eachage
Torushompek South American
in the lore of the Tupi, the sun,Guaracy: the good principle
[Tor Inis.Torach]
home of the FomoireThis rocky island was the site ofConan’s tower and also the tower, TureBhalair, in which Balor locked up hisdaughter, Ethlinn
(see also Tor Mor)
a Tartar deityson of Kudaibrother of Pyrshak-khan and Suilab
[Sorta ketse.Sorta pairam]
a Cheremis festival of the dead, held in the weeks before Easter and Whitsun
On these days, it is said that the deadrise from the earth and walk in theirown village (see also Nelle parjam)
Tota Central American
so Totaro gave him a home in hisgarden pond Totaro fell in love with
Trang 12the lovely Tamana who would marryonly the man who could give her10,000 jewels Totaro pined away andSamébito wept in sorrow When Totarosaw the tears turn into rubies, he soonrecovered He persuaded Samébito toweep until he had collected 10,000rubies and then claimed Tamana as his wife.
[Tutates:=Roman Teutates]
a war-god
Totailma’il Central American
an androgynous Mayan creator-deity
tote-road shagamaw North American
a fabulous animal
Totec
[Our Great Chief]
a Zapotec sun-god adopted into the Aztec pantheon
totem
a revered animal or object:
a symbol of a tribe, etc
totem pole North American
a carved and painted pole used by theIndians as a symbol of a tribe
totemism 1
the use of totems: belief in asupernatural connection betweenhumans and animals or objects
totemism 2 North American
the belief that certain animals andbirds were the ancestors of the tribesAdmiring the qualities in animals whichthey would like to possess themselves,qualities such as cunning and speed, thetribes came to name themselves afterthe animal they most admired whichbecame regarded as their ancestor and,eventually, as their tribal god
totemist
a person or group indicated by a totem
Totochtin Central American
a god of intoxication
a monster in Papua New GuineaTotoima married a mortal woman andthey mated, both in human form,producing children which werepromptly eaten by their father whoreverted to the form of a boar whenthey were born When twins wereborn, he ate the girl but a shamansaved the boy and inserted the infantinto Totoima’s body where it grewimmediately to manhood and burstout into the world and killed Totoima
a name for Kobo Daishi as a boy
Totoltecatl Central American
an Aztec fertility god
in Zaire, a huge mythical animal
a name of Nyame as ‘rain-giver’
husband of Tou Mufather of the 9 Jen Wang
[Tao Mu]
a name for Chun T’i as Mother
of the Ladlewife of Tou Fumother of the 9 Jen Wang
In this role, she is the goddess of theconstellation of the Southern Bushel(Sagittarius) and keeper of the registers
of mortals and gods
She was killed by Jan-teng Tao-jenwho struck her with a pearl
She is depicted with three eyes andeight arms, seated on a lotus
(see also T’ien Mu)
a tutelary goddess of smallpoxmother of Chen Shen, Ma Shen, P’an Shen and Sha ShenHer four sons help their mother indealing with cases of smallpox
T’ou-sheng Kuei
(see Heavenly Dog Star)
buttons made from the bill of this bird are said to detect poison
by turning black
Touia Fatuna Pacific Islands
a Tongan earth-goddessdaughter of Kele and Limu
a Haitian voodoo spirit
a supreme deity of the Cariri people of Brazil
[Toueyo.Toveyo]
a name used by TezcatlipocaWhen Huemac’s daughter saw a nakedpepper-seller, Tezcatlipoca in disguise,she fell in love with him and, despiteher father’s objections, married him
When the rule of the king, Huemac,descended into corruption and opp-ression, Touyo organised a massmeeting of the people and beating adrum caused them to dance themselvesinto unconsciousness and fall into aravine where they were all turned to
stone He also destroyed a bridge onwhich thousands of people werestanding and they too perished in theriver below As a result of this and theensuing plagues the king repented hisevil ways
a god
one of the primordial beings known
as the Vamoa-pod, in the lore of the Tupari people of Brazil
He and Aroteh lived in a tent Whenhumans, who at that time lived underthe earth, stole some of their food, thetwo beings dug down into the earthafter them and, in so doing, madeopenings through which some of thepeople escaped into the upper world
a guardian spirit or ancestral deity in Dahomey
twin brother of Tow-us-tussinThese twins are the Haida version ofthe War Twins
Towaesendo North American
the Tewa version of the War Twins
Tower of Diamonds
(see Burju Alamasi)
Tower of Forgetfulness Chinese
a tower in the tenth Taoist hellSouls due for reincarnation are led bythe Spirit of the Wind across a bridge
to this tower where they are given adrink which causes them to forgettheir previous life
Tower of the Winds Greek
a hexagonal temple in Athens devoted
to Aeolus, god of the winds
Toxcatl Festival Central American
an Aztec festival in honour
of TezcatlipocaThis festival was held in the fifthmonth of each year and involved ayouth who, for one year, reigned as theearthly embodiment of the god Hisdays were spent in idle pleasure in thecompany of four maidens with whom
he mated and his nights in scouringthe highways as Tezcatlipoca, thenight-wind On the final day heascended the teocalli (sacred pyramid)and his heart was torn out by theofficiating priest
Trang 13the Calydonian Boar and he objected
when the pelt was awarded to Atalanta
For this, both he and his brother,
Plexippus, were killed by Meleager
son of Eurytus
son of Oeneus and Althaea
He was killed by his own father for
disrespect when he jumped over the
ditch being dug to protect Calydon
Toxi Central American
a name for Tlazolteotl
Toyo Kumono (see Toyokumono)
Toyo Kuni (see Toyokuni)
In some accounts, this deity is
regarded as an aspect of
These two deities were produced from
one of the branches of the primaeval
Toyuga-nome (see Sakadonomaki)
Tozi Central American
an Aztec goddess of healing
[Tepereakl]
a creator-god
husband of Latmikaik
He lived in the sky but his wife lived
in the depths of the ocean
a Haitian voodoo spirit
Trachiniae (see Women of Trachis)
[Trachmur.Trachmyr]
one of King Arthur’s head
huntsmen
Track of the Lightning
(see Raxa-Cakulha)
Traditions of Huarochiri South American
a book of Inca ritual and mythology
written in Quecha
Tragedie of Dido, The English
a poem by Christopher Marlowe
Tragedy of the Children of Lir
(see Oidead Clainne Lir)
tragelaph
a monster, part stag, part goat
(see also hircocervus)
Tragical Story of the Sons
of Uisnech, The
(see Longes mac Nusnig)
Tran-vu (see Huyen-thien)
the sword of Agrican
in Madagascar, a house built as the home for the spirit of a deadking
Transcendent Dignitary Chinese
the doorkeeper in the palace of Yü Ti
Transcendent Goat (see Yang Ching)
Transcendent Pig (see Ling-chu)
or human) once or many times
Transformer North American
a trickster or culture-hero of someIndian tribes
This being, variously known as Kivati,Mink, Blue Jay, Raven and Chief Child
of the Root, is said to travel thecountry changing the scenery andanimals into new forms
Traveller, The (see Khons)
[Jaka.Trayastrins(k)a;=Hindu Svarga]heaven: the home of IndraThis is the heaven to which theBuddha went to instruct his mother,Queen Maya, who had died a weekafter his birth, in the new religion
(see also Svarga)
Trayastrinsa (see Trayastrimsa)
Trayastrinska (see Trayastrimsa)
daughter of Angus Og
In some versions of the story ofFraoch, she takes the place ofFindbhair and dies of grief when Midirtricks her into believing that Fraoch isdead
Treasure Bag of the Fianna Irish
[The Crane Bag]
the container in which the wealth and trophies of the Fianna werestored
It is said that this bag was made fromthe skin of Aoife who was killed whenshe was in the form of a crane It wasbelieved to hold many magical articles
as well as the money used to pay thewarriors of the Fianna It was seized
by Finn mac Cool when he killed Lia,the treasurer of the Fianna, who somesay had killed Cumaill – leader of theFianna and Finn mac Cool’s father –
to take the bag Finn mac Cool gavethe money to the survivors of theBattle of Knock
Some of the treasures kept in thisbag were Manannan’s knife and hisshirt, the belt of the smith Goibhniu,the bones of the pigs of Asal, thehelmet of a Lochlanner king and a
Trang 14pair of shears once owned by the king
of Alba It was said that these itemscould be seen only when the tide was
in and vanished from human sightwhen it ebbed
Treasure Crown
(see Crown of Brahma)
Treasure-ship (see Takara-bune)
Treasures of Britain British
[Thirteen Treasures]
a collection of marvellous objects put together by MerlinThis list varies from one account toanother and can include any of thefollowing:
chariot of Morgan (Cadair)coat of Padarn Redcoat (Pais Padarn)cauldron of Drynog or Diwrnach(Pair Drynog)
dish of Rhygenydd (Dysgyl a Gren Rhydderch)
gwyddbwll board of Gwenddolau (Tawlbwrdd)
halter of Clydnohamper of Gwyddno (Mwys Gwyddno)horn of Bran Galed (Corn Brangaled)knife of Llaufrodedd (Cyllel Llaufrodedd)mantle of King Arthur (Llen Arthur)mantle of Tegau (Mantell)ring of Eluned (Modrwy Eluned)stone of Eluned
sword of Rhydderch (Dyrnwyn)whetstone of Tudwal
(Hogalen Tudno)
Treatise of the Way and of Virtue
(see Tao Te Ching)
elves living in the trees and woods
Tree of Buddha (see bo-tree)
the tree producing the fruit whichgave the gods their immortality
Tree of Intelligence (see bo tree)
(2) In Central America, the Nahuacall the agave, from which theymake pulque, by this name TheMexicans call it Tonacaquahuit
(3) Arthurian legends say that, intaking the fruit of this tree, Evebroke off a small branch which,after she and Adam had beenevicted from Eden, she planted Itgrew into a tree, all white, andcuttings from it produced whitetrees It turned green when Abelwas conceived and red when he waskilled by Cain
Solomon’s wife had him build aship which would last for hundreds
of years to convey to Galahad hisancestry The ship contained a bedwith white, green and red posts, cutfrom trees propagated from theoriginals, and on this bed Solomonplaced his own sword, inheritedfrom his father, David, which laterbecame known as the Sword ofStrange Girdles
(4) In the lore of the Dyaks, a treewhich links heaven and earth
(5) In Egypt, the Stauros, the cross
of Horus, is also known as the Toh
(6) The Hindu tree of life, known
as Jambu and growing on MountMeru, is regarded as the axis of theearth and the source of soma
(7) The Irish version of the tree oflife is called Crann Bethadh
(8)The Korean version of the tree
of life is the Sterculid tree
(9) In Mesopotamian lore it is thesymbol of Ishtar and Tammuz
(10) In Siberia, the Yakut tree of life
is known as Zambu and is said togrow in paradise A dragon lives atthe base of the tree and the goddessKybai-Khotun uses the tree as herhome Two rivers are said toemerge from the base of the tree
(11) The Tibetan version is known
as Zampu which grows on thesacred mountain Himavan
(12) In the West Indies, theHaitian tree of life is referred to asGrand Bois
Tree of Mirrors Central American
a name for TezcatlipocaTezcatlipoca was given this name when he and Quetzalcoatl helped thefour giants support the heavens at the beginning of the period of theFifth Sun
Tree of Wisdom (see bo tree)
Tree of the End
(see Cedar of the End)
tree-squeak North American
a fabulous animal
a name for Kimata-no-kami who was found in a tree when he was abandoned by his mother
tree-worship
[dendrolatry]
In Crete trees were regarded as deities
In Greece, some trees and groveswere regarded as sacred and dedicated
to a particular deity
Trees were the domain of the Dryadsand some individual trees were thehome of the Hamadryads who diedwhen their tree was cut down or died
(see also sacred plants)
Trefuilngid Tre-Eochair Irish
of the Battle of Tregalen through thepass of Bwlch-y-Saethu
a magistrate
He was said to have sold his soul tothe Devil and, for his cruelty, he wascondemned to empty Dosmary Pool
on Bodmin Moor using a leakinglimpet shell or to bind together atruss of sand
Some say that his spirit is chased bythe Wild Hunt
Treithirne (see Torc Triath)
Treithirne Treasure Crown
Trang 15trelque huecuvu (see huecuvu)
[Gildas.Judwall]
son of Cunomorus and Trephina
Cunomorus beheaded his wife
Trephina to prevent the birth of the
son who, it was foretold, would kill
him He left it too late and Trephina
bore a son, Tremeur
In some accounts, he is the son of
Trephina by Jonas and is also referred
He had his eye knocked out by a chess
piece thrown by Naisi when Trendorn
was spying on him and Deirdre after
their return from Scotland
The Araucanians say that this huge
serpent, and another called Kaikai,
caused the flood
daughter of Warok
wife of Cunomorus
mother of Tremeur
Her second husband, Cunomorus,
had her beheaded to prevent the birth
of a son who, it was foretold, would kill
him He left it too late – she produced
a son, Tremeur The magician Gildas
brought her back to life and, carrying
her own head, she returned to the
castle where, it is said, the walls fell in
and killed Cunomorus
a Javanese rice-goddess
daughter of Bataru Guru
She fell in love with a farmer and came
down to earth to marry him Her
father turned her into an ear of rice
for her disobedience and the farmer
then turned himself into a rice stalk, so
that the two were united as the Pari
Penganten
Treta Yuga (see Tretayuga)
[Treta Yuga]
an age of the world – the second – in
which changes begin and men
become less bound by duty
(see also yuga)
He became a hermit and was able totell Percival, when he arrived at hiscell, that he could cure Amfortas if hewould ask the right question
Trevrizent (see Trevrezent)
[Treon]
a giantking of the Land of Maidensfather of Bebhionn
the 3 artisan gods of the DanaansCredne the bronze-worker, Goibhniuthe smith and Luchta the carpenter made the weapons used at the secondBattle of Motyura Not only were theweapons made at great speed, they werealways fatal to those struck by them
In some accounts the title refers tothe three sons of Turenn
a name for Shiva as ‘three-eyed’
[=Pali Tiloka]
the 3 realms of the universe
In some versions, the universe isdivided into three realms, the under-world, earth and heaven, or Arupa-loka (the formless world), Kama-loka(the world of the five senses) andRupa-loka (the formed but invisibleworld) An alternative version hasseven or more realms
(see also Sapta-Loka)
Tri-Novantum (see New Troy)
as one deity This view would putthem in the same category as many
of the gods of other religions whichhave various names for one
god according to the aspect underconsideration, rather than in thegroups of three separate gods Themembership of any triad may varyover time Some of these are:
–Arab: Aglibol, Bel, Yarhibol
Alilat, Manat, Uzza
–Armenian:Anahit, Aramazd,Vahagn –Babylonian: Addad, Samas, Sin
Anu, Bel, Ea Anu, Ea, EnlilIshtar, Samas, Sin
–Baltic: Patollus, Perkunos,
–Christian: Father, Son and
Holy Ghost
–Egyptian: Amon-Ra, Khons, Mut
Anuket, Khnum, SatiAtum, Menthu, RaBanaded,Harpakhrad,HetmetitHorus, Neith, Osiris
Horus, Renenutet, SebekImhotep, Nut, PtahImhotep, Ptah, SakhmetIsis, Osiris, SetKadesh, Min, ReshpuMenthu, Seker, RaNefertum, Ptah, SakhmetOsiris, Ptah, SekerSah, Sopdet, Soped
–Etruscan: Juno, Menfra, Tinia –German: Donar, Tyr, Wodan –Greek: Athena, Hera, Zeus
Core, Demeter, IacchusHades, Poseidon, ZeusHephaestus, Poseidon, Zeus
–Hawaiian: Kane, Ku, Lono –Hindu: Agni, Indra, Surya
Agni, Indra, YamAgni, Surya, TritaAgni, Surya, VayuBrahma, Shiva, VishnuBrahma, Rudra, Vishnu
–Irish: Ana, Badb, Macha
Badb, Brigit, GoibhniuBadb, Macha, NemainBanba, Eire, Fohla
–Japanese Buddhist: Amita, Kwannon,
SeishiAmita, Fugen, Monju
Shinto: Amaterasu, Susanowa,
TsukiyomoMinaka-Nushi,Kamimusubi, Takamimusubi
Trang 16–Mayan: Chac, Ek Chuah, Hobnil –Norse: Aegir, Kari, Loki
Frey, Freya, OdinHar, Iafn-har, ThridiOdin, Frey, ThorOdin, Hoenir, LokiOdin, Ve, Vili
–Polynesian: Rongo, Tane, Tu –Roman: Ceres, Liber Pater, Libera
Juno, Jupiter, MinervaJupiter, Mars, QuirinusJupiter, Neptune, Pluto
–Semitic: Attu, Ilmaqah, Sams –Sumatran: Batara Guru, Mangala
Bulan, Soripada
–Sumerian: Anu, Bel-Enlil, Ea –Urartian: Artinis, Khaldi, Theispas –Zoroastrian: Ahriman, Ahura
Mazda, MithraAhura Mazda, Anahita, MithraAhura Mazda, Anahita, Vahagn
[Trioedd Ynys Prydein]
a 6th Ccollection of poems whichincludes some Arthurian legends
[Knight of Friendship]
son of Agapebrother of Diamond and Priamond
In The Faerie Queene he fought all the
other suitors for the hand of Canaceand won her
[Tryamour.Tryanon]
a witchdaughter of OlyrounShe seduced Launfal and gave him thetrappings of a noble in which hereturned to Camelot to expose thefalse Guinevere who he knew hadtaken over from the true queen at the wedding of King Arthur Whenboasting of Trianor’s beauty, hecarelessly mentioned her name –something he had been forbidden to
do – and all his fine clothes and wealth disappeared The queen wouldhave had him executed but Trianorwent to Camelot, struck the falseGuinevere blind and carried Launfaloff to her magical fairyland or, in someaccounts, to Avalon
In some accounts, it is suggestedthat Trianor is yet another mani-festation of Morgan le Fay
the symbol of Shiva as Bhairava
a magic charm used for personal gain
Trickster 1
a deity, demigod or a culture hero
in many countries(1) In Africa, the spider is thetrickster in West Africa and inDahomey it is Legba
(2) In North America, Trickster isone of the five (or eight) greatspirits created by Earth-maker
The most widely known trickster
is Coyote but there are others such
as Inkotomi (Sioux), Manabozho(Chippewa), Nihansan (Arapaho),Old Man (Blackfoot), Rabbit(south-east), Sen’dah (Kiowa),Sitkonski (Assiniboine) andWisagatcak (Cree)
(3) In South America, Trickster is adeity in the Guianas where it is saidthat, in the early days, fish swaminside a large tree and men werepermitted to shoot all but the largefish Trickster ignored this rule andshot a dorado As a result, the earthwas flooded Trickster saved theday by using his spear to open up achannel which drained the watersoff to the sea
In other stories, the fox playsthe part of the trickster in Chacolore, the moon in Apinaye lore
Trigelawus (see Triglav)
trigon
the junction of 3 astrological signsThere are four such junctions said torepresent the airy, earthly, fiery andwatery aspects
Ravana’s fortress, destroyed by Rama
a cliff and killed him
father of Gwyn
He was able to tell King Arthur where
to find the bitch Rhymhi and her twowhelps which had been attacking hisflocks
Trinovantum (see Trinoventum)
[Trinovantum]
an early name for London
(see also New Troy)
Trioedd Ynys Prydein (see Triads)
[Triops.‘three-eye’]
a king of Dolionson of Poseidon and Canacefather of Erysichthon and Iphimedia
In some accounts, he is the same asTriopas, son of Helius and Rhode
[Triops.‘three-eye’]
an ancient sky-godson of Helius and Rhode
In some accounts, he is the same asTriopas, the son of Poseidon andCanace
[Triops.‘three-eye’]
a king of Argusson of Phorbasfather of Agenor, Iasus and Pelasgus
The work comprises three collections,
the Abhidharma Pitaka – there are
different versions of this collection butthey all contain similar ideas and
Tripitaka Triads, The
Trang 17material, the Sutta Pitaka which
contains accounts of Buddha’s
teachings and the Vinaya Pitaka, a code
the name taken by Ch’en Kuang-jui
when he became a monk
He travelled from China to India to
obtain the Buddhist scriptures
In one version, the emperor gave
him a white horse for the journey
but this animal was swallowed by a
dragon so Tripitaka rode the dragon
instead His mortal companion on
the journey was the priest, Sha
Ho-shang, and they were guided
and advised by the monkey-god,
Hanuman, in the form of Sun
Hou-tzu, and helped by Chu
Pa-chieh, a piglike god Buddha had
arranged eighty-one tests for the
pilgrim, all of which, with the help
of his companions, he overcame
An alternative story says that Ch’en
married Wen-chiao, daughter of Yin
K’ai Shan She caught the fancy of the
boatman, Liu Hung, who killed Ch’en
and assumed his identity When her
child by Ch’en was born, Wen-chiao
cast the boy adrift on the Yangtze
from which he was rescued by a monk,
Chang Lao When the boy was of age,
he took the name Hsüan Tsang and
went in search of his family He found
his grandmother and his mother who
gave him a letter for her father, Yin
K’ai Shan, who came to her aid and
killed the imposter, Liu Hung The
body of Ch’en then appeared out of
the river and he came back to life,
having been preserved by the Dragon
King, Lung Wang, who had once, in
the form of a carp, been treated kindly
by Ch’en Later, Hsüan Tsang was
chosen to travel to India to receive the
Buddhist scriptures
He translated the Abhidharmakosa
used by the Kosa sect and founded the
Fa-hsing School
Tripithaka (see Tripitaka)
Triple Goddess 1
[Triune Goddess]
a version of the White Goddess
earth, sky, underworld
She is said to change from white to red
to black with the waning of the moon
(see also triad)
[Triune Goddess]
a group of 3 goddesses regarded
as a triune goddess or as 3aspects of the same deityAna, Badb and Macha, were some-times regarded as comprising thetriune goddess Morrigan Banba, Eireand Fohla were regarded as aspects ofBrigit (see also triad)
the 3 original Muses, Calliope, Eratoand Urania
the three-legged stool of the priestess of the oracle of Delphi
tripodero North American
a fabulous animal with 3 legs
Triptolemos (see Triptolemus)
[Triptolemos]
a prince of Eleusisson of Celeus and Metaneira or ofOcean and Gaea
son of Dysaules in some accountsbrother of Demophoon
In some stories it was he who, as a baby, was placed in the fire to achieveimmortality by Demeter who wastemporarily employed as his wet nurse; in other versions, the baby washis brother Demophoon In eithercase, the baby was snatched back by its mother and, though unharmed, did not achieve immortality Someversions say that Demophoon wasburned to death
Other stories say that it was he who told Demeter where to find herdaughter who had been abducted byHades and, after Demeter had got her daughter back, she returned toteach Triptolemus the science ofagriculture which he spread through-out the land When Lyncus, king ofScythia, tried to kill her protégé,Demeter turned the king into a lynx
Some versions describe him as a goddepicted aboard the chariot drawn bywinged serpents which Demeter gavehim to compensate for the loss of hisbrother Others say that he became ajudge in the underworld withRhadamanthus and Minos
He was said to have promulgatedthe law of Triptolemus which requires
a man to honour his parents, offersacrifices to the gods and do nothing
to harm any man or animal He is also credited with establishing theEleusinian mysteries
[Trisala]
wife of Siddharthamother of MahaviraMahavira, while still an embryo, wastransferred to Trishala from the womb
of Devananda
Trishanku (see Satyavrata)
Trishiras (see Trimurti)
[Trisha.Trisna.Tris(h)navati]
daughter of Lakshmisister or daughter of Kama
Trishnavati (see Trishna)
trishula (see trident2)
[‘thrice greatest’]
a name and attribute of Thoth
(see also Hermes Trismegistus)
Trisnavati (see Trishna)
Tristam (see Tristram1)
a version of the Tristram and Isolde story by the 12th CpoetThomas
a 12th CFrench version of the Tristram and Isolde story by Béroul
[Tristan and Isolde]
a German version of the Tristram and Isolde story written byStrassburg
Tristan 4 (see Tristram)
Tristano Panciatochiano Italian
a 14th Cversion of the Tristram andIsolde story in Italian
Trang 18Tristano Riccardiano Italian
a 13th Cversion of the Tristram and Isolde story
Tristouse (see Tristoise)
In some stories, his father wasimprisoned by an enchantress, inothers captured by highwaymen Hismother, pregnant at the time,searched for him in the forest and died giving birth to Tristram Meliadlater married a daughter of Hoel, king
of Brittany, and they had severalchildren She tried to poison Tristram
to ensure that her own son inheritedhis father’s kingdom of Lyonesse buther son took the drink by mistake anddied When the king ordered his wife
to be burned at the stake, Tristraminterceded on her behalf and she waspardoned Meliad sent his son to thecourt of King Hoel for safety and herehis stepmother’s younger sister,Belinda, fell in love with him When
he rejected her love, she too tried topoison him
In one account, he was carried off
by Norsemen who put him ashore inBritain when they were caught in astorm which, they believed, was due totheir crime He found his way to thecourt of King Mark where he wasmade welcome
In other versions, his father thensent him to live with his uncle Mark,king of Cornwall, where he learned
that his father had been killed byMorgan He rode straight to Morgan’scastle and killed him The Irish king,Anguish, sent his huge brother-in-law,Morholt, to demand tribute fromMark but Tristram, though wounded
by Morholt’s spear, killed him in singlecombat, leaving a piece of his sword-blade buried in Morholt’s head Insome versions he killed Morholt andsent his severed head back to Ireland
Other versions say that Morholt wasmerely wounded and returned toIreland where he died In either event,his sister, the queen, discovered thepiece of the sword-blade and kept it
Tristram’s own wound refused toheal and, in one version, he sailed forCamelot to seek help from Merlin but a storm landed him in Ireland
He had been taught music at an earlyage and was a fine harpist and inanother version he went to Ireland torecuperate in the guise of Tantris, aminstrel He was tended by the king’sdaughter, Isolde, with whom he fell
in love When Palamedes, a Syrianprince, arrived and asked for the hand
of Isolde, Tristram met him in singlecombat and defeated him so that hesailed for home in disgrace
The queen noticed his brokensword and, and, comparing the brokenpieces, realised that it was he who hadkilled Morholt She tried to killTristram with his own sword butfailed Leaving the court, Tristramreturned to Cornwall where both heand King Mark were attracted by thewife of Segwarides She invitedTristram to meet her and, when Markand two knights waylaid him, hedefeated Mark and killed the twoknights He later defeated Segwarideswho challenged him for sleeping withhis wife
Mark and Tristram were nowenemies and the king sent Tristram toIreland to ask for the hand of Isolde,hoping that he would be killed In onestory, Tristram’s ship was thrown back
by strong winds and he landed atCamelot at the same time as KingAnguish who had been summoned toArthur’s court to answer a charge oftreason Tristram repaid the king’searlier kindness by taking the chargeupon himself and fighting Blamor deGanis, one of the king’s accusers Hedefeated Blamor but refused to killhim and they became friends He went
on to Ireland with Anguish and suedfor the hand of Isolde on behalf ofMark In another version, he saved theIrish king who was being attacked by
an ogre or, some say, he killed a some dragon which was ravaging thecountryside
fear-Isolde’s mother prepared a lovepotion to ensure that her daughterwould come to love her husband,Mark, whom she had never seen, andentrusted it to Branwen, Isolde’s maid,who was to travel with them on thejourney to Cornwall The potion wasdrunk by the young couple who fellhopelessly in love Despite that, Isoldewent through with the marriage toMark but continued to meet Tristram
at every opportunity
Andred spied on Tristram andcaught him in bed with Isolde.Tristram was captured and put inprison but escaped after seizingAndred’s sword and killing ten knights
He rescued Isolde who had beenimmured by Mark and took her to amanor house in the forest He waswounded by an arrow fired by a manwhose brother Tristram had killedearlier and the wound refused to heal
He was told that he could be curedonly by Isolde of the White Hands,another daughter of King Hoel Hewent to France where Isolde healed hiswounds and he married her Whilethere, he defeated the giant, Beliagog,and forced him to build a palacedecorated with scenes of Cornwall.Other variations of the story saythat when Mark was told of his wife’sadultery, he condemned both thelovers to be burned at the stake.Tristram asked to be allowed to pray in
a small chapel and made his escapethrough a window, dropping down thecliff to the shore where his squireGouvernail waited with horses andarmour Mark handed over Isolde toIvan, leader of a band of filthy lepers,instead of burning her and Tristramarrived in time to rescue her from afate worse even than the stake Isoldewas reconciled with Mark but furtherspying by Godron and Guerlonpersuaded Mark that she really wasunfaithful and a trial was arranged, infront of King Arthur and his knights,
in which Isolde was declared innocent.The lovers then resumed theirmeetings and, en route to one of theseassignations, Tristram killed Donelan
Tristram Tristano Riccardiano
Trang 19and then shot an arrow through the
eye of Godwin as he spied on them
Mark finally found them together and
killed Tristram with a poisoned spear
Other stories say Tristram was
banished by King Mark During this
banishment he wandered the land
seeking adventure and saved the life of
King Arthur The king had been
ensnared by the enchantress, Vivien,
who had given him a magic ring that
held him in her power Tristram killed
the three robbers who were attacking
the king and, taking the girl servant of
Vivien who had led him to Arthur,
returned to Camelot with the king
who made him a Knight of the Round
Table Mark came to Camelot intent
upon killing Tristram and when Isolde
was abducted by Bruce the Pitiless, it
was Tristram who rescued her, killing
her captor In another story, Tristram
carried off Isolde, who was being
ill-treated by King Mark, and took her to
Garde Joyeuse where she lived for
some time with Guinevere To avoid
further conflict with Mark over his
love for Isolde, Tristram went to
Brittany where he married Isolde of
the White Hands
His abandonment of the first Isolde
was condemned by Lancelot and they
fought each other to a standstill when
Tristram next returned to Britain
Another version of this encounter
says that Tristram fought Lancelot in
the belief that he was Palamedes who
had promised to meet him to settle
their differences
One version says that Lancelot and
Tristram patched up their quarrel and
Arthur installed Tristram as a Knight
of the Round table in the seat formerly
occupied by Morholt Mark offered a
false hand of friendship to Tristram
who went back to Cornwall with the
king At the behest of Mark, who
hoped to see Tristram killed by
Bagdemagus and Galahaut who hated
Lancelot, he took part in a tournament
in the guise of Lancelot and frustrated
Mark’s scheme by defeating both of
Lancelot’s enemies
He allowed Mark to treat his
wounds and was drugged and put in
prison He was rescued by Percival
with the help of Dinas who
tempor-arily imprisoned Mark
There are many versions of how
Tristram came to receive the wound
that caused his death Some say it was
inflicted in the struggle with Melot,others that Mark wounded him with apoisoned spear, some that he waswounded in a duel with a Bretonknight in defence of Isolde’s brother,some that it resulted from a rockdropped on his head as he scaled acastle wall when fighting King Hoel’senemies When he lay wounded,Tristram sent Kaherdin, his brother-in-law, or Gesnes a mariner, toEngland to fetch his true love, the firstIsolde, who came at his command in aship with white sails, a pre-arrangedsignal Tristram’s wife lied to him,saying that the ship was carrying blacksails and he died in despair Thebeloved Isolde died at the sight of herdead lover and both were carried back
to Cornwall and buried side by side
Two yew trees (in some accounts, arose and a vine) planted on their gravesentwined their branches and could not
be separated
In the Wagnerian version, Isoldehad been betrothed to Morholt andwanted to avenge his death She found
a piece of a sword-blade embedded inMorholt’s severed head and kept ithidden Tristram had been wounded
by a poisoned spear thrown byMorholt during their encounter andthe wound refused to heal He went toIreland in the guise of Tantris, aminstrel, and Isolde ministered to hispoisoned wound When she saw hisbroken sword she realised that it was
he who had killed Morholt They fell
in love but Tristram returned toCornwall without her Mark was soimpressed by his description of Isoldethat he sent Tristram back to Ireland
to ask for her hand as his queen
Isolde, deeply unhappy that she was to
be the wife of Mark, not Tristram,brewed a poisonous drink, intending
to kill both herself and Tristram butBranwen, her maid, gave them instead
a love-potion entrusted to her byIsolde’s mother They continued tomeet after her marriage to Mark butwere betrayed by Melot Tristram wasbanished to France and when Isoldeelected to go with him, Melot tried toprevent their departure and woundedTristram who went off with Kurneval,who had killed Melot in the encounter,leaving Isolde in Cornwall She came
at his request when he was dying fromthe wound but arrived too late anddied of a broken heart
Tristram the Dwarf European
a man appearing in the Norwegianversion of the Tristram storyDespite his title, he was a big man butstill needed the help of the realTristram to recover his property whichhad been taken from him by another
Tristram the Stranger British
a man appearing in a Norwegianversion of the Tristram storyLike Tristram the Dwarf, he had beenrobbed of his property, in this case byseven brothers, and needed the help ofthe real Tristram to recover it
Tristram the Younger British
son of Tristram and Isoldebrother of Iseo
husband of Maria
He features in the Continentalversions of the Tristram and Isoldestory and married Maria, sister of theking of Castile, whom he rescuedfrom the clutches of an African chief,after rejecting the love of Guinevere
In some accounts, he killed KingMark to avenge his father and becameking of Cornwall
Tristram’s Saga European
a 13th CNorwegian version of theTristram and Isolde story
Tristran and Isodd Norse
an Icelandic version of the story ofTristram and Isolde
Tristrano Panciatochiano European
a 14th CItalian version of the Tristram and Isolde story
Tristrano Riccardiano European
a 13th CItalian version of the Tristramand Isolde srtory
trisula (see trident2)
[Aptya:=Greek Triton:=Persian Athwya Thrita.Thraetona]
Trang 20a water-deity
a form of Indrabrother of Dvita and EkataHis brothers pushed Trita into a welland placed a heavy stone over the topbut failed to kill their sibling who burstthrough the cover and escaped
He is said to have brought fire fromheaven to earth
In other accounts, Trita is a namefor Agni in the form of lightning, one
of three forms (with Agni and Surya)known as Tryamabaka
father of Pallas, some sayThis god could cause storms or calmthe seas by blowing on his conch-shelltrumpet
In some accounts, he was king ofLibya and, when the Argonauts werestranded inland, he appeared as
Eurypylus and dragged the Argo
overland to the sea He also gaveEuphemus a clod of earth which, whenlater dropped into the sea, developedinto the island of Calliste
Some say that he had a daughternamed Pallas who was killed by Athena
As a sea-god, he is depicted as man, half-fish
half-Some accounts speak of Tritons inthe plural, attendants on Poseidon,sons of Phorcus and Ceto
(see also centauro-triton)
Triune Goddess
(see Triple Goddess)
[‘three ways’:=Greek Hecate.Trioditis.]
a name of Artemis, Diana or Hecate asgoddess of the crossroads
Statues of Diana (Trivia) erected atsuch sites sometimes had three heaads– boar, dog and horse
[‘three steps’]
a name of Visnu as Vamanaconsort of Santi
Troades (see Trojan Women)
Troano Codex (see Madrid Codex)
a king of Thessalyfather of Troiano
A Trojan, said to be descended fromthe hero Hector
an early tribal god
Troia Nova (see New Troy)
a poem by Petronius on the fall of Troy
son of Troas
In some accounts, he joined forceswith Uther Pendragon and the Romanruler, Remus, to reinstate the Trojans
at Troy
[Troilos]
son of Priam or Apollo by Hecuba
He was in love with Cressida and washeart-broken when she was handedover to the Greeks in exchange for aprisoner-of-war during the siege ofTroy She had promised to remainfaithful to him and when she fell inlove with the Greek hero Diomedes,Troilus rushed straight into the battleand was killed by Achilles
In some accounts, he was ambushed
by Achilles who killed him when herefused to become the Greek’s lover:
in others he died when his horsesbolted
In an nearlier version, Cressida wasBriseida, daughter of Calchas who had defected to the Greeks She wasescorted to join her father byDiomedes who fell in love with her
Troilus and Cresssida Greek
a play by William Shakespeare based
on the story of these 2 lovers
Troilus and Cressida Greek
a 20th Copera by William Walton(libretto by Hassall)
[Wooden Horse]
the hollow horse built by Epeius which enabled Greek soldiers tosmuggle themselves into the city ofTroy (see also Trojan War)
precip-The arch-schemer on the Greekside was Odysseus and it was he whofinally conceived the plan that led tothe fall of Troy He had a skilledcarpenter, Epeius, construct a hugewooden horse hollow inside, in which
he, Pyrrhus and a few others couldhide The horse was left outside thegates of Troy at night and the Greekarmy embarked and sailed out of sight
of the city
By daylight, the Trojans weredeceived into hauling the huge horse into Troy, in some accountsdemolishing part of the city walls toallow it to enter During the followingnight the occupants descended andopened the city gates to the army who had sailed back under cover
of darkness
The city was sacked and burnt,nearly all the men were slaughteredand the women were taken as slavesand concubines Aphrodite ensuredthat Aeneas escaped with his fatherand young son and Helen wasreturned to Menelaus
[Troades]
a play by Euripides about Hecuba and her daughters
Trang 21troll Scandinavian
[droll:=Orkney trow]
a supernatural dwarf goblin,
originally a giant
It was said that a troll would burst if
the sun ever shone on its face
[kveldrida.myrkrida]
witches who rode by night
Sometimes they were mounted on
wolves and used snakes for bridles
Some say they could adopt many
shapes and bring storms, illness and
He and his brother built a temple to
Apollo, who some say was his father,
and, after six days of merry-making,
they died in their sleep
In another story, they built a
treasury for King Hyrieus, leaving a
secret access so that they were able
to steal its contents The king set a
trap which caught Agamedes and
Trophonius cut off his brother’s head
so that he could not betray their
secret He died when the earth opened
and engulfed him and he became
an oracle
A very similar story is told of
Rhampsinitus
the first king of Troy
son of Erichthonius and Astyoche
husband of Callirrhoe
father of Assaracus, Ganymede and
Ilus
When his son Ganymede was abducted
by Zeus to serve as lover and
cup-bearer, Thoas was given a golden vine
and two horses by Hermes, as
(see Chrétien de Troyes)
Troynovant (see New Troy)
Troynt (see Twrch Trwyth)
an epithet for Galahad
True Sakahi Tree Japanese
the tree on which the magic mirrorwas hung to lure Amaterasu out
of the cave where she had hiddenherself
True Thomas
(see Thomas the Rhymer)
Trumpet of the Last Day African
a horn which the Swahili say willannounce the end of the world and the day of judgment
a collective name for Agni and his two alternative forms, Trita (asLightning) and Surya (as the sun)
When Trystan eloped with Esyllt, wife
of March, taking their servantsBychan and Golwg and Trystan’scompanion Cae Hir, March tried toget her back by force Three timestheir armies met and each timeTrystan won Some say that KingArthur was asked to judge the issueand decreed that her favours should beshared between the two men, oneduring the period when the trees are
in leaf, the other when they areleafless March chose the winterperiod but Trystan pointed out thatevergreens never lose their leaves and
so claimed Esyllt for himself
Trystan and Ysolt British
the Cornish version of the story ofTristam and Isolde
[Ts’ai Shen Yeh.Chao Kung-ming]
a Taoist god of wealthVarious stories are told about theorigins of the god of wealth In oneversion he was Chao Kung-ming, inothers he was originally the 12th C
sage, Pi Kan
Ts’ai Shen Yeh (see Ts’ai Shen)
Tsakakaitiac North American
in the lore of the Hidatsa, a bird whochanged into a man
He and another bird-man, Mahaitiac,had supernatural powers which theyused for the benefit of the tribe,becoming great heroes
[Can Nü.Ma-t’ou.Lady Silkworm.Silkworm Maiden]
goddess of silkworms
a wife of the Jade EmperorHer father disappeared and hermother offered Ts’an Nü as a wife toany man who could find him Theirhorse ran off and came back carryingthe missing man who then killed thehorse which seemed to want to claimTs’an Nü as the promised reward Thehorse’s hide, hung out to dry, curleditself round the maiden and they bothdisappeared forever
In some accounts, the girl turnedinto a silkworm
[bStan-rgyal.Tsen-gyal]
a demon king
Ts’an T’ung Ch’i Chinese
[Kinship of the Three]
a 2nd Cbook of alchemy written byWei Po-yang
a minor deity, patron of story-tellers
He is said to have invented writingbased on the footprints left in the sand
Trang 22Kung.Tsao Shen.Tsao Wang.Tung Chu]
a Taoist kitchen-godhusband of Kuo Ting-hsiang and Li Hai-t’ang
Chang was a mortal who was blinded
by the gods when he deserted his firstwife and took his mistress, Li Hai-t’ang, as his second wife Begging for his living, he was handsomelyentertained by his former wife and, inshame at his treatment of her, hekilled himself by jumping into the fire
Taken up to heaven, he was made akitchen-god He laid down a long list
of rules of hygiene and properconduct in the kitchen and is said totravel once a year (or several times amonth in some accounts) betweenheaven and earth to report to Cheng-huang on the state of the family
In some accounts, Tsao Chün and Tsao Shen are separate beings
(see also Ho-shen)
an empresssister of Ts’ao Kuo-chiu
Tsao Kung (see Tsao Chün)
[Ts’ao Ching-hsiu]
a 10th Cwarriorone of the Eight Immortalsson of Ts’ao Pin
brother of Ching-chih and Tsao Hou
His young brother killed a man inorder to get his wife for himself butshe resisted him and he had herthrown into a well She was saved andcomplained to the Imperial Censor,Pao Lao-yeh, who had Ching-chihexecuted and his brother put in prison
He was later released under anamnesty and became a hermit as TsaoKuo-chiu, receiving instruction fromChung-li He became the patron saint
of the theatre and is often depictedholding castanets
father of Ching-chih, Ts’ao Hou andTs’ao Kuo-chiu
Tsao Shen (see Tsao Chün)
Tsao Wang (see Tsao Chün)
Tsa’qamae North American
a god of salmon in British Columbia
a sea-god (see Morskoi Tsar)
vital energy given off by swem, the rock which was the origin of the Tiv
Tse-ring Chhe-nga Tibetan
5 sisters, of Mount EverestThey are depicted in flowing robesand holding various fertility symbols
the first of the Ten Yama KingsThe ninth Yama King, Tu-shih, isregarded as a manifestation of Ts’en-kuang
T’sen-gyal (see Ban-rgyal)
a site sacred to the NavahoThis is the place where a shaman was taught the night-chant by one ofthe Yeibechi and brought it back to the tribe
Tsenagahi North American
[Ogre]
a rock-spirit killed by NayenezganiThis monster’s favourite pastime waskicking people off a rocky path nearhis lair His unlucky victims fell a longway on to the rocks below where themonster’s wife and family cut them up,cooked them and ate them He wassafe from falling because his long hairgrew into the rocks but Nayenezganicut through the hair and the monsterfell, suffering the same fate as hisvictims
Tsenahale North American
eagle-beasts of the Navaho Indians,killed by Nayenezgani withthunderbolts
[=Buddhist Virudhaka:
=Hindu Virudka:=Japanese Komoku:
=Taoist Mo-li Hung]
a guardian spirit of the south andsummer
[Tsentsa]
the Huron name for Ioskeha
the Bushango spirit which brings fire
Tshan-pa (see Tshangs-pa)
the Buddhist lord of life
Tshe-pa-me (see Tshe-dpag-med)
venomous spirits of the Navaho
Tsi-sisnaaxil North American
a name of Qamai’ts as ‘woman’
Tsita (see Awitelin Tsta)
Tsichtinaka (see Tsitctinako)
Tsiskagili North American
the red crayfishThis being is said to have got his redcolouring when scorched by the sunduring the creation period
Tsitctinako North American
[Tsichtinaka]
in Pueblo lore, a creator-spiritShe conveyed the instructions of thecreator, Utc’tsiti, to his two daughters,Ia’tiku and Nao’tsiti, who emergedfrom below the earth to create animalsand plants and to start the humanrace
In some accounts she was the leader
of the people who came up from the underworld
Tsitsenuts North American
a rain-god of the Acoma, created byIa’ticu
[Tsoedi]
a founder-hero of the Nupe
Tsohanoai North American
[Sunbearer.Tshohanoai]
sun-god of the Navaho Indianshusband of Estsanatlehifather of Nayenezgani, Tobadzistsiniand Yeitso
He and Tlehanoai found some soil andgrew a reed that allowed the Navaho,
on their journey up from the world, to escape the flood As a reward,
under-he was appointed Sun-bearer He wassaid to carry the sun on his back by dayand hang it from a peg in his house bynight He may walk over the rainbowand ride a blue horse
Tsokelai Pacific Islands
[=Hawaiian Menhine:=Marshall Islands Anjinmar Nonieb:=Melanesian Mase]the ‘little people’ of Ponape
Tsokelai Tsao Hou
Trang 23Tsolb Central American
the people of the second world
These people took over after the
destruction of the first race, the
Saiyamkoob, but were themselves
eventually destroyed by a flood
Tson-ka-pa (see Tsong-kha-po)
Tsong-kha-pa (see Tsong-kha-po)
[Tson-ka-pa.Tsong-kha-pa]
a Buddhist reformer
He was said to be the bodhisattva
Vajrapani reincarnated or a form
of Manjushri
[Sneneik(ulala).Tsonoqua]
a cannibal mother, in the lore of the
Kwakiutl tribe
She is said to have eaten corpses as
well as young children When she fell
in love with Sky Youth, he failed to
return her affection and killed her
Her offspring were said to be
wolves (see Baxbakualanuchsiwae)
a minor deity of the underworld
T’sui (see Dxui.Tsunigoab)
a poor bride
Her widowed mother was too poor to
buy her a wedding dress until Lu Pan,
in the guise of an old man, intervened
He carved a stone which the builders
of a new bridge realised was the exact
key-stone they needed to finish the
structure He gave it to Tsui-erh who
sold it to the builders for the price of
her wedding dress
Tsui Goab (see Tsunigoab)
Tsuigoab (see Tsunigoab)
a monstrous spider
This beast was invulnerable to all
weapons and caused much trouble It
was finally killed when it was trapped
and asphyxiated by smoke
Tsuki no Iwakasa Japanese
a servant of the emperor
He took the scroll, given to his master
by Kaguyu when she left to return to
her home on the moon, to the top of a
mountain and burned it as instructed
by the emperor The smoke from theburning still emerges from thatmountain, now called Fujiyama
Tsuki-yomi-otoko (see Tsukiyomo)
Tsuki-yumi (see Tsukiyomo)
a Shinto deity or a manifestation
of another deity comprising the supreme Tenrikoyo deity, Tenri-O-No-Mikoto
[Tsuki-yomi-(otoko).Tsuki-yumi.Tsukuyomo]
a Shinto moon-godson of Izanagi and Izanamibrother of Amaterasu and Susanowa
consort of Amaterasu
He was created from the right eye ofIzanagi and killed the food-goddessUke- Mochi who offered him somedisgusting food
Tsukuyomo (see Tsukiyomo)
a god of Mount Tsukuba
He welcomed the creator-god, Mioya,and that god rewarded him by makingthe mountain green and pleasant
Tsul Kalu North American
[Slanting Eyes]
the Cherokee god of the hunt
He is envisaged as a huge deer living inthe mountains
Tsun-gyi-rgyal-po Tibetan
one of the Panchamaharajasking of accomplishments or magic
He rides a white elephant
(see also Thok Chho)
a goddessWhen her chief priest, Mun-ha, waswounded and died, the white cat withyellow eyes, known as Sinh, climbed
on to his shoulders and gazed into the eyes of the statue of this goddessbefore which they had both wor-shipped The cat’s eyes changed fromyellow to blue, the colour of Tsun-Kyan-Kse’s own eyes, and its white furchanged to the brown and gold of thepresent-day Burmese cat
one of the Eighteen Lohan,
in some accounts
He founded a contemplative school
of Buddhism and is depicted in therole of a teacher, holding a broom
creator-He walks with a limp as a result of
an injury sustained during his fightwith Gaunab whom he vanquished.Another version pits Tsunigoabagainst the monster Ga-gorib in place
of Heitsi-eibib (see also Dxui)
Tsunigoam (see Tsunigoab)
Tsunu-guhi (see Tunogupi)
Tsurapako North American
in the lore of the Pawnee, one
of the 5 houses of the spirits, the nahurak
animal-Tsusgina’i North American
the Cherokee land of ghostsThis place is part of Usunhi’ya, thedark land in the west
To Shinzaburo, Tsuyu was still abeautiful maiden but to his servant,Tomozo, who spied on them, she was
a virtual skeleton
ghosts or spirits of the Fox Indians
[Tu-matauenga.Tumatauenga:=Hawaiian Ku(matauenga):=Tahitian Oro:
=Polynesian Maru]
a war-god of the Maorisson of Rangi and Papabrother of Haumea, Rongo, Tane,Tangaroa and TawhiriWhen the children of Rangi and Papafound it impossible to leave the wombbecause their parents were so tightlyentwined, Tu-matauenga wanted tokill them In the conflict betweenparents and children, only Tawhiri-ma-tea sided with his parents and sentgreat storms and waves Tu-matauengadestroyed all his brothers for desertinghim in the struggle against Tawhiri-
Trang 24ma-tea but could not subdue thestorm-god and left him in charge ofthe sky.
T’u 2 (see hare.Hou-t’u)
Tu-chai-pai (see Tuchaipai)
a patron-god of distilling
(see also I-ti)
Tu-matauenga (see Tu1)
child of Atea and Atanua
Tu-metua Pacific Islands
a god of the Hervey Islandersson of Vari-Ma-Te-Takerebrother of Tu-mute-anaoa
He is said to live with his mother inTe-Enua-Te-Ki at the bottom of theworld coconut in complete silence
Tu-mute-anaoa Pacific Islands
a god of the Hervey Islandersson of Vari-Ma-Te-Takerebrother of Tu-metua
He is said to live with his mother inTe-Enua-Te-Ki at the bottom of theworld coconut in complete silence
Tu-nui-ka-rere Pacific Islands
son of Tangaroa and Faumea
He was lost in the sky when he and his father and brother set out to rescueHina-a-rauriki from the demonoctopus, Rogo-tumu-here
Tu-o Chen-jen (see Tu O)
[Tu-Neta]
daughter of Papa
the ninth of the Ten Yama Kings
(see also Ts’en-kuang)
Tu-te-Koropanga New Zealand
[Koropanga]
a Maori chief
He ran off with Rukutia, wife of thenoble, Tamanui, but her husband later retrieved her by magic learnedfrom his ancestors
Tu-te-Wehiwehi (see Moko)
a god of the soil
He is regarded as a protector of graves
a worthy person, deified after death
consort of T’u-ti Nai-nai
consort of T’u-ti Lao-yeh
[Hou-t’u Shen]
local earth-gods
the Tahitian name for Rangi
a guardian spirit of the Iban of Borneo
These spirits were often manifest asdeer, snakes or wild-cats
Tua-uo-Loa Pacific Islands
the south wind
(see also Hakona Tipu)
husband of the daughter of MaruMaru had promised his daughter tothe son of Whakaputa who, aggrieved
by the loss of a future daughter-in-law,killed one of Maru’s servants
Tual
an angel, ruler of the Zodiacal signTaurus, the bull
Tuamatef (see Tuamutef)
the tomb of the sunThis is where Giolla Greine died afterjumping into Loch Greine
[=New Zealand Tane]
son of Atea
He is the equivalent of Tane in Maoristories, each killing his own fatherwith thunderbolts
of the east
[Tuan (mac Cairell).Tuan mac Cairill Tuan mac Cuaill]
a reincarnation of Tuan mac Stern
Tuan mac Cuaill
(see Tuan mac Carell)
Tuan mac Sdain (see Tuan mac Stern)
[Tuan mac Sdain]
son of StarnTuan mac Stern is variously described
as a pagan chief or a Spanish royalpersonage who came to Ireland withhis uncle, Partholan He was the solesurvivor of the Partholanians, escaping
to the mountains when the others werekilled by a plague and lived in variousforms, such as a stag, a boar, a sea-eagle and a salmon, through successiveinvasions of Ireland In his final form,
as a salmon, he was caught and eaten,whole, by Carell’s wife, whereupon shebecame pregnant and bore a son, Tuanmac Carell
Tuan Yang (see Dragon-boat Festival)
a counter-clockwise rotation performed to put a curse on
a person or place
Tuatha de Danann (see Danaans)
Tuatha Dea (see Danaans)
Tuathal Maolgharbh Irish
a high-king of Ireland
He took the throne after a dispute withhis cousin, Diarmaid mac Cearbhaill.When a druid prophesied thatDiarmaid would succeed to thethrone, Maol Mor, one of Diarmaid’swarriors, came to Tara with what hesaid was Diarmaid’s heart on his spear
As Tuathal inspected the heart, Maolplunged the spear into the king, killing him
Tuathal Teachtmhar
(see Tuathal Techtmar)
[Tuathal Teachtmhar]
a high-king of Ireland, some sayson of Fiachu and Eithne ImghealWhen his father was killed by theusurper, Eilim, Tuathal, helped byFiachra Casan and Findhmall, raised
an army, killed Eilim at the Battle ofAchall and became high-king
Eochaid mac Eachach, king ofLeinster, married Tuathal’s elderdaughter, pretended she was dead andthen married the younger one Bothgirls died of shame when they foundout what had happened Tuathalwaged war on Eochaid and exacted anannual tribute of cattle, the Boramha
Tuathal Techtmar T’u
Trang 25Tuau Egyptian
a lion-god, ruler of today
a Kenite goat-god
In some accounts he was the offspring
of the fallen angels Shamdon and
Naamah and brother of Asmodeus
a festival held in March in honour
of Mars
Tuchaipai North American
He and his brother were born at the
bottom of the sea and pushed up the
sky so that there was room for them
to move about and then created all
the things in the world, including men
and women
In some accounts, Tuchaipai is
referred to as Kokomat and his blind
brother as Bakothal
Tuchita Heaven (see Tushita Heaven)
an Etruscan deity of the underworld
an assistant to Mantus
a hero of the Tiobrand Islands
the Buddhist saviour of souls
a guardian spirit of the Philippines
(see also Spitter1)
[Tudno.Tutwal]
an ancestor of King Arthur
(see also Tudwal2)
[Tudno.Tudwal Tudglyd.Tutwal]
the owner of a whetstone that was
one of the Thirteen Treasures
collected by Merlin
In some accounts, he is the same as
Tudwal, ancestor of King Arthur
father of Veeteni
a dragon-hero killed by Aljosa
Popovic
Tuhurururu Pacific Islands
son of Rupe or Tinirau by Hina-keha
or Hina-uri
one of the Eight Diagrams representing sea, water and goat
tui 2 Pacific Islands
a birdThis bird, which looks rather like astarling, was regarded as an aspect
of the supreme goddess created byTane
Tui Delai Gau Pacific Islands
a Fijian mountain-god
It is said that he can remove his head,which then flies off to see what ishappening elsewhere in the world,and his hands, which can walk andswim and catch fish for him
Tui Langa Pacific Islands
a sky-king in FijiHis son went to sleep on the earthafter sticking his walking-stick intothe ground When he awoke, hefound that the stick had grown into atree which reached right up to thesky He climbed up the tree and methis own father for the first time
paper scrolls used as a charm to give protection to the home
a spirit of the underworldThis being rides a dog which causesearthquakes when it shakes its head
Tuireann (see Turenn.Uirne)
Tuiren (see Turenn.Uirne)
Tuirenn (see Turenn.Uirne)
a king of Greece
He owned a wine-skin which couldturn water into wine In the story ofthe Sons of Turenn, this was thepigskin which could heal any wound
In the story of Melora, the maid, Tuis owned a pig from whichMelora was required to get some oil,one of the three items needed to lift the spell placed on her lover,Orlando
the sacred standard of the khanThis emblem was made from nineyak tails
Tuka heresy Pacific Islands
the teaching of NdugomoiThe Fijian priest asserted that therewere two gods, Jehovah and the snake-god, Ndengei
Tukiphat
a demon
[=Banks Islands Nopitu:=Solomon Islands Kakamora]
spirits in Papua New Guinea
a name of Marduk as ‘enchanter’
Tukupay (see Tocapo Viracocha)
Tulagola Pacific Islands
a dogThis animal, said to have invented thedrum, is featured in stories in NewBritain in which it usually manages tooutwit the wallaby, Pakasa Uru
Tulan-Zuiva (see Tulkan-Zuiva)
[toolsey.tulsi]
a sacred plant, emblem of Vishnu: basil
Tulasi Dasa (see Tulsi Das)
[Tulca]
brother of Finn mac Cool, some say
Trang 26Tulchainde Irish
a druidWhen he eloped with Dil, she insisted
on taking her two beloved oxen, Feaand Feimhean, with her Morriganused her magic to transport themacross the sea from the Isle of Falga toIreland
Tulchuherris North American
a lightning-god of the Wintun tribe
[Ture]
a spider-god of the Zande people
He descended from the sky with a bag
of seeds with which he produced allplant-life
He is said to have stolen fire fromhis uncles and given it to the tribe
Tule 2 North American
a lakeThis is the lake from the bottom ofwhich the Modoc say soil was brought
by Qumoqums, soil which was used tocreate the earth
Tulkan-Zuiva Central American
[The Seven Caves.Tulan-Zuiva:
=Aztec Chicomoztoc]
the caves from which the ancestors
of the Quiche Indians emerged after an earlier race had beendestroyed by fire and flood
[Rimpoche.Trulku]
the physical body conjured up by aBuddha or a bodhisattva: a phantom
daughter of Servius Tulliuswife of Tarquinius ArrunsShe encouraged Tarquinius Superbus
to kill Arruns, her husband and hisown brother, and then married him
He then killed Servius and took thethrone with Tullia as his queen
[Tullus Hostilius]
the third king of RomeFor destroying Alba and its inhab-itants, he and all his family were killed
by Poseidon
Tullius Servius (see Servius Tullius)
Tullus Hostilius (see Tullius Hostilius)
[Tulasi]
a manifestation of Lakshmi
or Sitawife of JalandharaKnowing that her husband wasinvulnerable as long as she remainedfaithful to him, she rejected alladvances, even that of Shiva in theform of a handsome young man
Vishnu then appeared in the guise ofJalandhara and, when she allowedherself to be seduced by him, her realhusband lost his invulnerability Hercurse on Vishnu turned him into thestone, Salagrama She was turned intothe plant basil by Vishnu
(see also Vrindha)
[‘servant of Lakshmi’.Tulasi Dasa]
the 16th Cwriter of the Hindi version
the crow father-god regarded asshaper of the world
[Island of the Blessed]
the home of the spirits of the dead,
in the lore of the Tobriand IslandsThis realm is envisaged as a paradisewhere everybody is happy and eachman has several wives who do all thework
Tumatea (see Tumuteanoa)
Tumu-i-te-Are Toka Pacific Islands
[The Great Shark.Tumuitearetoka]
a sea-monster of Mangaia
He was defeated by the hero Ngaru
Tumu-ra’i-feuna Pacific Islands
a monster octopus
Tumudurere Pacific Islands
the Papuan lord of the underworld
Tumuitearetoka
(see Tumu-i-te-Are Toka)
Tumujin (see Chinggis Khan)
Tumuteanaoa Pacific Islands
[Tumatea]
a goddess of the Hervey Islandersdaughter of Vari-Ma-Te-TakereShe lives in Te Parai Tea below thehome of Tango in the world coconut
a period of 360 days, in the Mayan time-scale
Tunapa (see Tocapa Viracocha)
an Aboriginal culture-heroadopted son of Mungan-Ngana
He is regarded as the ancestor of theKurnei tribe
Tuneful Nine, The (see Muses)
a god of seal-hunting
the bridge used as a meeting place byCh’ien Niu and Chih Nü
Tung Chu (see Tsao Chün)
god of the rising sun
a legendary hero
[Chang Shao-p’ing]
a 1st C BCmagicianpatron of workers in precious metals
spirit of the Metal Planet (Venus)
He gave the emperor Io some magicaltrees which could foretell illness ordeath When one of the trees whichthe emperor gave back to the magicianbroke, it foretold Tung-fang Shuo’sown death and a dragon took him up
to heaven
Another story says that he stolethree peaches from the tree, Shen t’ao,and, having eaten them, lived for 9,000 years
father of T’ai Shan
son of Hkun Ai
He could find no way to reach theisland on which his beloved lived so hismother, a serpent-woman, made abridge with her back
[Eastern Royal Duke.Lord of the Immortals.Mu Kung.Royal Lord of the East:=Hindu Indra]
a Taoist godhusband of Hsi Wang Mu
Tung Wang Kung Tulchainde
Trang 27father of Chung Wo, Hsien Hsiu,
Hua Lin, Mei Lan, Yao Chi and Wan
He was the embodiment of the male
yang principle and combined with Hsi
Wang Mu to produce the world and all
that is in it
He was said to have the face of a
bird and the tail of a tiger and he lived
in the Cloud Palace
(see also Mu Kung
Tung Huang T’ai I)
the deity in charge of the Ministry of
Five Sacred Mountains, Wu Yüeh
Tung Yung (see Ch’ien Niu)
Tunggal Garing East Indian
the first man, in the lore of the
Dayaks
husband of Puteri Buala
father of Bunu, Sangen and Sangiang
He was created by Mahatala who
carved him from a stick
a Yakut deity
He chased a huge six-legged stag
across the heavens and captured it
but the sky-god turned it into a stone
The Milky Way represents the hunter’s
ski-trail
a creator-god who made the earth
(see also Lahatala)
Tunjung Buih East Indian
a princess who came out of the sea
Like Aphrodite, she was a daughter of
the foam When she appeared on the
shore of Sumatra, she was adopted by
the king, Sapurba, and married an
ambassador at his court
In another story, she was found
standing in a waterfall by Suryananta
who married her
a Dakota earth-spirit
Tunkashila (see Grandfather Mystery)
a sorcerer
He would sit on a hedge or a roof and
cast a spell on a house
[Tsunu-guhi]
a Shinto god
consort of Ikugupi
These two deities were produced
from a branch of the primaeval god
Umashiashikabihikoji
the Finnish underworld ruled by Tuoni
This realm is described as an island
which can be reached only by crossing
a black river which is totally devoid
In some accounts, she was thedaughter of Tuoni or Mana and tookVainamoinen across the black river toTuonela in a boat
He was one of the two brothers whosurvived the Flood Some versions say
he was one of four survivors, theothers being Coem, Hermitten andKrimen
He is depicted as a short man withcurly hair, attended by two storm-birds
in Greenland, a magic animal invoked by a shamanThis beast is usually envisaged as a sealand a model of the seal is used as theshaman’s familiar
spirits of the underworld, AdlivumSome of these spirits return to theirvillages, dressed in ragged clothes, andcause illness and disease
After a year in Adlivum, the spiritgoes to Adliparmiut where it becomes
an Adliparmio and no longer harmful
Tupiles Central American
a low social caste in Mayan society
the hill where the ancestors of the Karaya Indians took refuge from the Flood
Tupsimati (see Tablets of Destiny)
He and Salm killed their brotherEraj of whom they were jealous
a mythical hero in Turkestan
Tur Bhalair (see Dun Bhalair)
Tura 1 Pacific Islands
husband of Turakihaufather of Tauira-Ahua
It was only when his new bride tookhim to her home in a tree that Turarealised that he had married a spirit,one of the atua Being a mortal, hedied but his wife lived on as animmortal spirit
Tura 3 (see Tengri2 Tur1)
Turakihau Pacific Islands
a spirit-womanone of the atuawife of Turamother of Tauiri-Ahua
[=Greek Aphrodite:=Roman Venus]
a winged Etruscan fertility-goddessand goddess of love
[Tuirbe Tragmar]
a deityfather of Goibhniu
It is said that he threw his axe so that
it landed on the shore and the seaobeyed his command not to passbeyond the axe
in Arthurian lore, a king of Armenia
fairiesThese beings live in the land known asRarohenga, which is believed to bebelow the earth’s surface
Trang 28husband of Brigitfather of Brian, Iuchar and IucharbaHis family feuded with the family
of Cian who was killed by Turenn’s sons When his three sons were killedand Lugh refused to revive them,Turenn dropped dead and was buriedwith them
In some versions, Dana was themother of his children
(see also Sons of Turenn)
the first man, some say
He later acted as guide for the souls
of the dead on their journey from Beg
to Boigu
Turf Liant (see Teirnyon)
Turgesius (see Tuirgeis)
Turi-a-faumea Pacific Islands
son of Tangaro and Faumeahusband of Hina-a-raurikiHis wife was carried off by the demonoctopus, Rogo-tumu-here Turi-a-faunea and his brother and father setout to rescue her but his brother, Tu-nui-ka-rere, was lost in the sky Theother two hauled the monster up fromthe depths on a hook baited withsacred feathers, and cut off all histentacles and his head, releasing Hina-a-rauriki
to Britain when the king was recalled
to deal with Mordred’s rebellion
Turja’s Rapids (see Rustja’s Rapids)
a 16th Cpoem relating the story
of Gawain and Gromer
[Jewelled Fowl.Great Xolotl]
a bird sacred to the Aztecs, Maya and Toltecs
Turkey Girl North American
a character in Pueblo mythsLike Cinderella, she was a poor girlbefriended by turkeys who gave herfine clothes and a carriage and senther to a ball where she met a lover
Turkey Hactcin North American
[Holy One]
a spirit of agriculture
He is said to have brought corn and
tobacco to the Jicarilla Apache
Turkey-Killer North American
a bead-spitter in Creek lorefather of Thrown AwayWhen he met two maidens seeking abead-spitter, he tested their virginitywith a sieve and water, marrying theone who was still a virgin – the otherhad been raped by Rabbit pretending
to be a bead-spitter
When, in his absence, his wife waskilled by a monster, he cut open herabdomen and rescued their unbornson The placenta, which he threwinto the bushes, became another boy,Thrown Away, and the two grew uptogether but caused a great deal oftrouble They finally killed their ownfather who then became a crow
He captured Lionel while Lancelotslept under a tree and put him in adungeon with about thirty others
Lancelot was placed under a spell byMorgan le Fay but escaped from herfairy castle with the help of a maid Hethen killed the giant, cut off his headand freed the prisoners
an Etruscan god of the underworld
(see also Mahaf)
Turmwr Morvawr (see Morvawr)
[=Greek Charon]
the ferryman who conducted souls across the river in the underworld
king of the Rutuliansson of Daunus and Veniliabrother of Juturna
He joined the Latins in their fightagainst the Trojans under Aeneas whowere looking for somewhere to settle
in Italy and, after killing Pallas, waskilled in battle by Aeneas
He had been betrothed to Laviniaand in some stories he fought a duelwith Aeneas for her hand and lost hislife in so doing
a Latin
He opposeed Tarquinius Superbus in
an assembly and the king had himkilled by drowning
an 8th Carchbishop of Rheims, one of Charlemagne’s paladins
He appears in the Charlemagne storiesand is said to have recorded theexploits of the emperor and hispaladins In some stories, he acted asadviser to the emperor and he was withRoland at Roncesvalles Some say that
he caused the walls of Pamplona tocollapse as a result of prayer alone
He came into possession ofFastrade’s magic ring when she diedand found that, as a result, theemperor became very attached to hisadviser Embarrassed by this newdeparture, Turpin eventually threw the ring into a pool (see also Tilpin)
a little dog
He barked to keep the hobyahs at bay but his master was so upset by his barking that he killed the dog.The hobyahs then attacked the houseand took the owner’s wife captive.Her husband restored Turpy to lifeand together they rescued the womanand Turpy killed and ate all thehobyahs
Turquoise Boy (see Turquoise Man)
Turquoise Cloud Princess
(see Pi-hsia Yüan-chun)
Turquoise Princess
(see Pi-hsia Yüan-chun)
Turquoise Man North American
[Turquoise Boy]
consort of Turquoise Woman
In one story of the ascent of theNavaho from the underworld, AtseEstsan and Atse Hastin placedTurquoise Boy and Corn Girl on thenewly-created Mount Taylor in thesouth and other deities on the threeother cardinal points
Another version has Ahsonnutli asTurquoise Man who placed men at
Turquoise Man Turer
Trang 29these points while some accounts have
him as the companion of Salt Woman
(see also Ahsonnutli)
Turquoise Woman (see Estanatlehi)
[Turilas.Turisas]
a god of war in Estonia and Finland
(see also Tursas)
an early goddess of terror
a Finnish demon living in the sea,
attendant on the sea-god, Ahti
Turtin, Heinrich von dem German
a 13th Cpoet who wrote the story
of Gawain’s Grail Quest, Diu
Crone
a turtle-spirit of the Navaho
He was involved with Bear, Frog and
Snake in a plan to capture two maidens
from an underwater village The plan
went awry and the two girls were
killed
Frog and Turtle were lucky to
escape with their lives but Bear and
Snake fared better This pair captured
two girls who were overcome by the
smoke from the kidnappers’ pipes
which made Bear and Snake appear as
handsome braves with whom the girls
mated
a character in the lore of many
Indian tribes
This character is usually regarded as
the animal on the back of which the
world is carried
Turukawa Pacific Islands
a primaeval bird
This hawk and Degei the serpent were
the only two living things on earth
The hawk laid two eggs and the
serpent incubated them, hatching a
boy and a girl, the first humans
son of Yayati and Sarmishtha
brother of Anu and Puru
half-brother of Yadu
In some accounts, he is the son of
Devayani, Yayati’s first wife, rather
[Tuchita Haven.Tusita Heaven:
a priest of the Suk
Tusita Heaven (see Tushita heaven)
tut
a phantom (Lincs)
Tutivillus takes these words to hellwhere they are used aginst theoffender when he comes to judgment
a deityWhen Tajikara-wo pulled Amaterasuout of the cave in which she hadhidden herself, Tuto-Tamu jumpedbehind her, holding a straw bale, toprevent her from going back inside
in the lore of the Chaco people ofColombia, a destructive spiritopposed to Caragabi
[Aga-azag.Tuttu]
a name of Marduk as ‘father of gods’
Tutu 2 Pacific Islands
the first man, in the lore of parts
of Samoa (see also Atu.Tele)
He asked for the hand of Dapie but,
as he appeared in the guise of abeggar, (or, some say, with a pimplyface) her parents dressed a pig to takeDapie’s place When he discoveredthe deceit, the pig ran into the river
but promised to appear again in threedays
Tuwapontamsi North American
[Mamzraumana]
a hideous Pueblo earth-goddess
a Maori chiefOne of his sons was killed by men ofManawa’s clan so, when Manawa came
to visit Tuwhakapau to arrange amarriage between their children, thechief set an ambush from which onlyone man of Manawa’s party, a mannamed Tahua, escaped alive
a familiar in the form of an animalsuch as the hyaena or jackalThey eat human flesh and will kill theowner’s relatives to get food
Tvashtar (see Tvashtri)
[Prajapati.Tastar.Tvas(h)tar.Tvastr Twashtar.Twashtri.Visvakarma:
=Greek Hephaestus]
a creator-god and sun-god
an adityason of Prithivi and Dyausbrother of Indrafather of Chakshusha, Sharanyuand Vishvarupa
father of Indra, some sayfather of Indra by Nishtigri, some say
In some versions he is the same asVisvakarma, in others he is the father-in-law of Visvakarma
He acted as artificer to the godsand made the thunderbolt, Vajra, forIndra, Shiva’s trident and the magicbowl perpetually full of soma
a sageWhen his three-headed son was killed
by Indra, the sage created the monsterVrita which swallowed the god’s cloud-cattle and the god himself
[Tuesco.Tuisco.Tuisto.Twisto]
a double godfather of MannusThis androgynous being came up out
of the earth and made his home in thesky He is regarded as the precursor ofthe human race
in Arthurian lore, a pigmy king
He was defeated by Tom Thumb at atournament but neverthless sent hisphysician to minister to the midgetwhen he was taken ill
Trang 30Twain, the Greek
the goddesses Demeter and PersephoneThese two deities were worshipped atceremonies attended only by women
Twanjiraka (see Twanyrika)
Twelve Books of Tages Roman
[Acherontian Books.Books of Tages]
a record of the wisdom passed to theEtruscans by the god Tages
Twelve Ik Central American
the twelfth of the 20 days of theMayan creation cycle
On this day the wind was created
(see also Ik1)
Twelve Terrestrial BranchesChinese
the Chinese ZodiacThis version has six domestic and sixwild animals as signs These are theboar, cock, dog, dragon, goat, hare,horse, monkey, ox, rat, snake andtiger
Twenty-four Examples of
a collection of stories, examples ofrespect for one’s elders, collected byKuei Chu-ching
Twenty-four Knights British
an early list of the knights at King Arthur’s courtThe more famous of the names on thislist included Bors, Galahad, Gawain,Lancelot, Mordred, Owain, Percival,and Tristram
Others mentioned were Aron, Blaes,Cadog, Cyon, Drudwas, Eiddilig,Eliwlod, Glewlwyd, Hoel, Llywarch,Menw, Morfran, Nascien, Petroc andSandda
a name and attribute of Dionysus
Twilight of the Gods, The German
[Götterdämmerung:=Norse Ragnarok]
one of the 4 Wagnerian operas based
on the Nibelungenleid
This work tells the story of the death
of Siegfried and Brunhild and the
end of the kingdom of the gods
(see also Ragnarok)
Twinkling Hoard (see Tete Brec)
twins 1
twins are the subject of many andvaried beliefs in culturesthroughout the world(1) In Africa, the Ibo regard twinswith horror whereas other tribes,including the Yoruba, revere them
(2) In Greek mythology, the twinsCastor and Polyneices (Pollux),sons of Zeus and Leda, were placed
in the heavens as the constellationGeminia (Twins)
(3) In Mexico, the Aztec killed one twin at birth, in the belief that it saved the life of a parent, andthe surviving twin was said to haveevil power; the Tarascans regardtwins as gifted in the matter ofmedicine and say that the plantsgrown by twins will yield doublefruits which, if eaten by a pregnantwoman, will result in the birth offurther twins; the Popaluca say thattwins are good horse-breakers andcan cure colic in domestic animalsand such ailments as toothache
in humans
(4) In North America, the Apachehave their heroes in the twinsChild-of-the-Water and Killer-of-Enemies
The Cherokee say that twins areable to see the ‘little people’
The Iroquois twins, Flint andSapling, acted as transformers andcreators
The Kiowa talk of the Split Boyswho have many strange adventures
The Lillooet say that twins arethe children of bears
The Micmac creator, Gluskap,
is the twin of Malsum
In the lore of the Ojibwa, thetrickster, Nanabozho is the twin ofWolf
Plains Indians tell of the twinsLodge Boy and Thrown Away
The Pueblo tribes have the twinwar-gods Ahayuta achi
The Shawnee are said to regardtwins as lucky in some cases though
in others it was said that the elderwas likely to be evil
Among the Tubatulabal Indians
it was believed that, if one twinshould die, both would die, and ifone joked about a woman havingtwins she would do so
The Winnebago have stories ofthe hero twins, Flesh and Stump
(see also Twins2)
(5) In Roman lore, the twinsRomulus and Remus, founders ofRome, were suckled by a wolf after they were abandoned
(6) In South America, the Bakairitwins, Kame and Keri ate the moonand sun respectively personified.The Miskito father of twins,believing he could father only onechild at a time, killed one orabandoned both
The Yaghan talk of divine twins,culture-heroes, who taught thetribe the use of fire and the art
of hunting
A widespread theme has oneclever and strong twin, the otherstupid and clumsy, often regarded
as sun and moon respectively.Another common motif is that ofthe woman killed, by jaguars whorear her twins; they, when theydiscover the truth, kill the jaguarsand climb up to heaven on anarrow-ladder and become the moonand sun
(7) Other beliefs about twins:twins result from adultery; theymay have separate fathers; a womanwho eats a double fruit will beartwins; twins are lucky or havesecond sight
creators and culture-heroes
of the Pueblo tribesThese primordial beings, Precederand Follower, were given power overall the creatures on earth Using theirthunderbolts, they made cracks in theearth and descended into the depths
on spider webs, finding partly-formedbeings buried in the first womb of the earth They led them up to thesecond womb, those that failed tomake the ascent becoming monsters
In the next womb, these beingsdiscovered the nature of sex andcontinued up through the fourthwomb until they reached the outerworld as men and women
the story of Anpu and Bata
(see Bata)
Two Chiccan Central American
the fifteenth of the 20 days of theMayan creation cycle
Two Chiccan Twain, the
Trang 31On this day evil appeared amongst
men (see also Chiccan)
the second of the 20 days of the
Mayan creation cycle
On this day Month created a ladder
from earth to heaven (see also Eb)
[Great Goddesses]
the 2 deities Demeter and her
daughter Core (Persephone)
the goddesses Nekhbet and Wadjet
Two Lady (see Omecihuatl)
Two-legged North American
one of the 4 Kindred Gods of
the Sioux
This category includes both humans
and bears
Two Lord (see Ometecuhtli)
Two Men (see Wati-kutjara)
Two-Rabbit (see Ome Tochtli)
Two Swineherds, The Irish
[Porcus Troit.Troynt.Twrch Trwyd.
White Turk:=Irish Torc Triath]
a king transformed into a huge boar
for his sins
son of Taredd Wledig
One of the tasks set for Culhwch by
Ysbaddaden as a condition of marriage
to his daughter Olwen was to bring to
him the comb and scissors, which,
together with a razor, this animal carried
between his ears King Arthur and his
men helped Culhwch in this task and
they hunted the boar through Wales to
Cornwall He killed many of Arthur’s
men in the fights that ensued en route
and lost most of his own sons who were
in the form of young boars The comb
and scissors were seized by Arthur’s
men and given to Culhwch and Twrch
Trwyth was finally chased into the sea
off Cornwall and never seen again
In other versions, the role of Twrch
Trwyth is played by a prince who leads
a band of ferocious pigs
father of Madawg
a name of Bloddeuedd (‘deception
a cat in Reynard the Fox
Reynard tried to lead Tybert into atrap during a race but got caughthimself, excaping with a wound whenthe farmer accidentally knocked the trap open
son of Cuneddafather of MeirionHis parents had eight sons of whomTybion was the eldest He died beforethe family settled in Wales and his son,Meirion, took his place as one of thefounders of the Welsh kingdoms
[Agathe Tyche.Tuche:=Etruscan Nortia:
=Persian Ardokhsho:=Roman Fortuna]
the goddess of good fortunedaughter of Zeus and Hera or ofOceanus and Tethys
He was banished for killing hisbrother or uncle in a hunting accidentand was purified by Admastus whosedaughter Deipyla he married
He tried to settle the quarrel withthe Thebans by negotiation but failed
On his way back, he was ambushed byfifty Thebans and killed all of them
In the attack on Thebes, he facedMelanippus at the Proetid Gate and
killed him in single combat, receiving
a fatal wound at the same time WhenAmphiaraus decapitated Melanippusand gave the head to Tydeus, he split itopen and ate the brains Athena, whohad arrived on the scene to save him,was so appalled that she left him to die
a name for Diomedes as a son
of Tydeus
an amulet of bloodstone worn
by Isis: a sacred symbol in the form of a girdle
or knot
tyger
a monster, part lion, part wolf
Tyll Eulenspiegel German
He was banished from Sparta byHippocoon and fled to Aetolia where
he married Leda
Of the four children born to his wifeLeda, there are conflicting stories Insome, they are the natural parents ofClytemnestra only, in others of bothClytemnestra and Castor and in others of these two and Polydeuces,the fair Helen being the daughter ofZeus and Leda It seems most likelythat Clytemnestra and Castor were the children of Tyndareus and thatZeus was the father of Helen andPolydeuces, with Tyndareus adoptingPolydeuces as his own son
He sheltered Agamemnon andMenelaus who fled to Sparta whenAegisthus killed their father Atreus
Trang 32and later he helped them to recovertheir father’s throne.
Heracles killed Hippocoon and hissons and restored Tyndareus and hisbrother Icarius to the throne Tyndareusfinally abdicated in favour of Menelaus
So many princes wanted to marryHelen that he had them all stand onthe skin of a sacrificial animal andswear to support whichever of themwas chosen as her husband Shemarried Menelaus and, when she waslater abducted by Paris, they werereminded of their oath and rallied tothe Greek cause against the Trojans
Tyno Helig (see Lafau Sands)
a knight who spoke with animals
He had been brought up in the forestswhere he learned the language of thewild beasts
To please the daughter of the king
of Britain, he killed the lions whichguarded a white stag and presented thestag’s foot to this lady who thenbecame his wife
a dancing angel holding
a thunderbolt
[Tuphon.Tuphoios.Typhaon.Typho(eus):
=Egyptian Set:=Hittite Typhoon]
an ass-headed or 100-headed monsterthe hurricane personified
offspring of Tartarus and Gaea offspring of Typhoeus and Echidna,some say
father by Echidna of Cerberus, the Chimaera, the CrommyonianSow, the Harpies, the Hydra, Ladon, the Nemean Lion, Orthrus and the Sphinx
Typhon was a giant with hands in theform of serpents, serpent legs andhuge wings who spewed flaming rocks
from his mouth He so frightened thegods that they concealed themselves,
in the form of animals, in Egypt
In a fight with Zeus, Typhon cut outthe sinews of the god’s limbs, leavinghim helpless He concealed the sinews
in the Corycian cave where they wereguarded by the dragon Delphyne untilAegipan (or Cadmus or Pan), andHermes recovered them and madeZeus whole again The god then chasedTyphon to Sicily where he buried himunder the weight of Mount Etna
In another story, it was the giantEnceladus who was buried underMount Etna while Typhon was throwninto Tartarus
In those versions where it is saidthat there are two separate monsters,one is the terrible son of Tartarus andGaea, the other is this monster’s sonand it is this son who fathered all the other monsters
In some accounts, he is equated withOphion (see also Typhoeus)
Typhonian Beast Egyptian
a monsterThis animal, which is depicted ashaving a long snout, square ears and atufted tail, was the symbol of Set
[=Egyptian Set:=Greek Typhon]
a Hittite monster, half man, half serpent
This beast was slain by Tarku (Teshub)
(see also Illuyankas)
[Typhis]
helmsman of the Argo
Typhus died on the voyage to Colchisand his duties were taken over byAncaeus
a guarantee of good faith when Fenrisallowed himself to be bound to a rockand then found that he could not break free
At Ragnarok, he killed Garm butwas himself killed in the battle
by Garm (see also Cheru)
[Tyfing]
the sword of AngantyrThis magic sword, made by the dwarfs,would slice through rock or metal,could fight of its own accord andneeded to taste blood before it could
be put back into its scabbard It wasburied with Angantyr when he diedbut his daughter, Hervor, used magic
to force him to rise and hand thesword over to her
This weapon also appears in thestory of Heithrek and Gestumblindi
a magic cauldronThis vessel was said to boil food forbrave warriors but not for cowards Itwas one of the Treasures of Britain
a dawn-goddessdaughter of Salmoneus and Alcidicewife of Cretheus
mother of Aeson, Amythaon andPheres by Cretheus
mother of Neleus and Pelias
by PoseidonShe was raped by Sisyphus who tried
to persuade the people that she hadhad an incestuous affair with her ownfather, Salmoneus
She loved Enipeus but had an affairwith Poseidon, in the guise of Enipeus,and bore the twins Neleus and Pelias.She abandoned them but they werefound and reared by a horse-herderand adopted by Salmoneus and hiswife Her father’s second wife, Sidero,treated Tyro very badly Tyro marriedCretheus and bore him a son, Aesonwho became the father of Jason
In another version, Cretheus ted the twins as his own, in others,when he learned of her affair withPoseidon, he abandoned Tyro andtook Sidero, her maid, in her place.Tyro was badly treated and lived invery poor circumstances until the boysgrew to manhood and went to look forher When they found her, they werequick to exact revenge by killingSidero
Trang 33[=Altai Kurmes:=Buriat ongon]
a shamanist fetish in the form of
an image (see also ongon)
[=Aztec Tlaloc:=Maya Chac:=Totomac
Tajin:=Zapotec Cocijo]
the Mixtec name for Tezcatlipoca
as Tlaloc
Tzakmaqiel
a demon, ruler of the Zodiacal
sign, Aquarius (see also Gambiel)
Tzatzitepec Central American
a sacred hill on which Quetzalcoatl’s
instructions were announced
Tzequiles Central American
a Mayan race of seafarers said to be
descendants of Votan
Tzi-daltai North American
carved wooden figures worn
as protection by the Apache
Indians
Tzinteotl Central American
an Aztec goddess of birth
an aspect of Cinteotl or of
Tonacacihuatl
Another version gives Tzinteotl as
male, an aspect of Tonacatecuhtli as god
of lightning
a plantThe berries of this plant were used,according to Aztec lore, by Gucumatzand Tepeu as a divining tool, helpingthem to decide what form they shoulduse to create human beings Thewooden figures that they carved as aresult proved to be unsatisfactory andwere destroyed by huge predatorybirds
Tzitzimime Central American
[Tzizimine]
an Aztec star-spiritThese malevolent spirits are said toattack humans in the form of an eagle
or vulture, causing fits in children andlust in men At the end of the worldthey will devour all mankind
In some accounts, they are the same
a sky-spirit of the Osage
Tzizimime (see Tzitzimine)
Tzizimitl (see Tzitzimitl)
Tzolkin Central American
a god of literature, in some accounts
(see also Wen Ch’ang Ti Chun)
[Purple Crepe Myrtle]
god of the Pole Star
Tzultacah Central American
Mayan thunder-godsThese deities, of which there are atleast thirteen, live in streams and riversand each has his own mountain Theyare said to send snakes to punishmankind for various offences
Tzununiha Central American
[House of the Water]
a woman created by the gods as a wife for Mahucutah
Trang 34a Babylonian goddess of vegetation
a name for Ua as ‘rain-storm’
a name for Ua as ‘heavy rain’
a name for Ua as ‘long rain’
a name for Ua as ‘hail’
Uac-metun-ahau (see Itzamna)
Uachit (see Edjo.Wadjet)
an Ossetian rain-spirit
Uadjit (see Edjo.Wadjet)
[Uadha]
father of Ragallach
a medicine-man of the Juruna Indians
He was said to receive from Sinaa indreams instructions that enabled him
to improve the conditions of hispeople Sinaa gave him the bark of amagic tree and the drink which hebrewed from this bark gave him
magical powers such as the ability tocure illness He married but his wifewas unfaithful Her lover tried to killUaica but, having eyes in the back ofhis head, Uiaca was able to escape anddisappeared into the earth
[Uathe]
the magical harp of the DagdaThe Fomoire once stole thisinstrument The Dagda found wherethey had put it and, when he called it,
it jumped from the wall where it washanging, killed the men who hadstolen it and put the rest to sleep withits music
In this story, Arthur is said to be king
of Ireland, not Britain, and married alady who arrived on a bier Uallabhkilled this lady’s brother, married heryounger sister and became king ofIreland after Arthur
a Fomoire from Munster
He had three sons who were said tospread venom on anything theytouched
Uar-Gaeth-Sceo-Luchair-Sceo Irish
a giantSome say that this name, essentiallygibberish, is used to conceal the name
of a divine being
[Uaran Garaid]
a river in ConnaughtThis is the river where Mac Cechtfilled the cup with water to take back
to Conary when he was besieged at
Uaran Garaid (see Uarad Garad)
a name for Osiris during the winterperiod when he slept
[Horror.Ulath mac Immomuin]
a shape-changing god
He lived at Oath’s Lake and was askedU
Trang 35Uekera Uathach
to judge which of three warriors,
Conall, Cuchulainn and Laoghaire,
was the greatest Uath proposed a
beheading contest In some versions,
Conall and Laoghaire refused the
challenge, in others they cut off Uath’s
head but refused to submit themselves
for the axe Cuchulainn accepted the
challenge and when Uath tried to
behead him, the axe turned on
the executioner
It is said that, when Cuchulainn put
his head on the block, Uath resumed
his normal form as King Curoi
(see also Bricciu.Curoi)
a dawn goddess
daughter of Skatha
sister of Cuare
During his training on the Isle of Skye
under Skatha, Cuchulainn accidentally
broke Uathach’s finger Her lover,
Cochar Cruife, challenged Cuchulainn
to single combat and was killed
Cuchulainn then took Uathach as his
own mistress
Another version says that the woman
he took as his mistress was Princess
Aifa, Skatha’s sister and Uathach was
his own daughter by Skatha One or the
other was the mother of Cuchulainn’s
son, Connla
a virgin mother-goddess of the
Quiche Indians
mother of Xbalanque
[Uayayab]
the god of the nemontemi, the
five-day period of fasting and ill-luck at
the end of each year
a culture-hero of the Paressi tribe
son of Darukavaitere and Uarahiulu
Uazale is said to have introduced
tobacco and manioc and, by planting
some of his own hair, grew the
first cotton
He was envisaged as having a tail
and a bat-like membrane between his
arms and legs
father of Atrahasis or Utnapishtim
Ubara-Tutu (see Ubar-Tutu)
the supposed power to be present
at different places at the same time
a sorcerer or some evil person
Ucakijana (see Hlakanyana)
at the Churning of the Ocean andbecame the horse of Indra
Uchchhaihsravas (see Uccaihsravas)
[Uchtdelbh]
a druidessShe loved Iollann but he marriedUirne Jealous, Uchtdealb turned herinto a bitch and her twin children wereborn as the hounds Bran and Sceolan
In another story, she was the wife ofManannan and, when Aillen fell inlove with her, the god gave her toAillen and took Aillen’s sister, Aine
Uchtdelbh (see Uchtdealb)
father of the gods of the Acoma tribe
a minor godone of the 10 Bhanavasi
[Oudaeus]
one of the 5 surviving Sown-men
one of the 2 gatekeepers at theentrance to a Buddhist shrine known as Nio-san
This being stands on the right side ofthe entrance Niomon
(see also Yadaijin)
a type of ghulThis being lives in the desert and rapesmale travellers As a result, the victimmay develop worms in his anus, acondition which is invariably fatal
[Mother of Waters]
a Latvian water-goddess
the Sanskrit version of the mantra Om
Uadjit (see Edjo.Wadjet)
(see also Edjo)
a Mexican moon-goddesswife of Uhubaput
a cobra-goddess
a sacred tree of the Gilbert Islands,said to reach to heaven
Trang 36a Maori chiefhusband of Pai Hutanga, PouMatangatanga and Taka-RitaHis second wife, Taka-Rita, slept withtwo other men so Uenuku killed allthree of them Her brother, Tawheta,exacted vengeance by killing all five ofUenuku’s sons by his first wife, PaiHutanga Uenuku attacked Tawheta’scompound and killed many of his menbut some, including Tawheta, escapedand hid in the forest Uenuku thenseized Tawheta’s sister, PouMatangatanga and married her WhenTawheta’s hiding place was discovered,Uenuku killed Tawheta and his men
The blood-stained water was as red asthe sea at sunset and the battle becameknown as The Day of Two Sunsets
a king of the turehugrandson of Ruaumoko
Ueuecoyotl Central American
[=North American Coyote]
a trickster-god of the Aztecs
Uga-no-kami (see Ugonomitama)
Uga-no-Mitama (see Ugonomitama)
[Ugainy.Ughaine.Ugoine.Ugony]
a high-king of Irelandhusband of Cessairbrother of Bodhbhchafather of Covac and Laoghaire LorcWhen he died the country was dividedinto equal parts and shared among histwenty-five children
In some accounts, he was killed byhis brother, Bodhbhcha, who washimself killed by Ugaine’s son,Laoghaire
Ugainy Mor (see Ugaine Mor)
[=Sumerian Uridimmu]
Babylonian demonsThese beings took the form of menwith the head of a lion, the horns of abull, and the claws of an eagle assistingTiamat in her struggle with Marduk
an incubus in the form of a snake
Ughaine Mor (see Ugaine Mor)
a noblebrother of Goiko and Vukashin
He and his brothers were building afortress at Scutari when a veelawarned them that it would never standunless the infant twins, Stoyan andStoyana, were buried beneath thewalls When these children could not
be found, Goiko’s wife was immured
in the walls instead
a Shinto goddess of agriculture
(see also Inari1.Uke-mochi)
Ugony Mor (see Ugaine Mor)
a god
a name for Agni or Shiva as ‘fierce one’
consort of Diksafather of Santana
a form of Durgaone of the navadurgas
a kinghusband of PavanarekhaHis wife produced the demon Kansa,after being raped by the demonDrumalika, and Ugrasena raised Kansa
as his own son Kansa deposed his
‘father’ but was killed by Krishna whorestored Ugrasena to his throne
Ugrasena immolated himself on thegod’s pyre when he was killed
a snake-demon
He swallowed the infant Krishna butthe boy grew to full stature in aninstant and escaped by splitting openthe snake’s gullet
a terrible goddessShe is depicted as carrying a corpse onher head
Uh Panga Lwe Zizwe African
the reed from which, in the lore of theZulus, the human race emerged
Uhe Minu (see Lord Uhe Minu)
a peasant
He captured a witch and threw her onthe fire in his house She jumped offbut could not escape from the room soshe turned herself into a copy of thestatue of Kwannon which stood on thepeasant’s shrine He chose the rightone by making an offering at which thereal goddess smiled and quickly threwthe other into a pot of boiling waterwhere she died
a giant in the lore of the ZuniThis woolly-skinned monster withhuge eyes is said to live in theunderworld
[Lord Mud Earth]
one of the early Shinto godsbrother of Shuhiji-ni
Uhlakanyana (see Hlakanyana)
Uhlathu Yesizibi African
son of a Zulu king and queenThe queen gave birth to a huge snake.When its skin peeled away, five boysand five girls were revealed Uhlathuwas the first boy to emerge
Uhubaput Central American
a Mexican creator-god and sun-godhusband of Udo
In the Battle of Gabhra, each threw aspear at Finn at the same moment sothat they could share in his death Inanother version, Finn was killed byAichleach, one of the five sons
Trang 37king, Iollan, whose jealous first wife
turned her into a hound and gave her
to Fergus Fionnliat as a present When
Lugaid Lagha killed Iollan, she was
restored to human form and married
Lugaid She later gave birth to triplets
and, at the same time, two pups which
became Finn’s hounds, Bran and
Sceolan
In some accounts, she is referred to
as Finn’s sister and called Tuireann
(Tyren) and the jealous woman was not
his first wife but his mistress, the
druidess Uchtdealb
Uisneach, Hill of
(see Hill of Aisneach)
Uitheachar (see Uthechair)
Uitzilopochtli (see Huitzilopochtli)
Uixtocihuatl Central American
[Uixtocijuatl]
the Aztec goddess of salt water
Uixtocijuatl (see Uixtocihuatl)
a giant
He was so tall that the flood reached
no higher than his waist, so he was able
Uka-no-gami (see Inari1)
in the lore of the Chagga people, a yam
This plant grew in the earthly paradise
where the first humans, then
immortal, lived They were forbidden
to eat the produce of Ukaho but were
tempted by the serpent of death and
cooked some yams When they ate the
yams, humans lost their immortality
and Ukaho was taken up to heaven and
restored for the use of the gods only
Tsukiyomo thought that the food she
offered him had been vomited up from
Uke-mochi’s stomach so he killed her
Her body brought forth various cereals,
the silkworm, the ox and the horse Her
husband took over her duties
In some versions, Inari is female, inothers the partners are regarded asaspects of Ugonomitama
Ukeomochi (see Uke-mochi)
Ukhshyat-ereta (see Hushedar)
Ukhshyat-nemah (see Hushedar-mah)
it was swallowed by a fish butrecovered from the fish’s stomach
a Cherokee water-monsterThis huge horned beast was made bythe Little Men to kill the sun so thatits heat would no longer kill men andwomen It went into the sky with arattlesnake and, when the snake bitthe daughter of the sun by mistake,the monster gave up the attempt andwas banished
of his paladins Whoever won it couldclaim the queen’s hand in marriage
a spirit-snake of the Aborigines
an early name for Ulster
Ulay Pacific Islands
a Philippine prince
He fell in love with a beautiful girl,who was really a witch, but left her andmarried another girl The witch was soangry that she turned his father’s cityinto a forest, his people into animalsand Ulay himself into a monkey, aform he was destined to keep for 500years
[Ullda]
a fairy race in Lapland, living underthe earth (see also Huldrafolk)
an ancestral hero of the Anti Indians of Bolivia
father of TiriAfter the destruction of mankind byfire, Titi, the progenitor of the tribe,split open a tree and a beautifulmaiden emerged from the tree and Ulemarried her Together they became theancestors of the Anti
Another story says that he was torn
to pieces by a jaguar but his wifereassembled the parts she could findand restored him to life Ule realisedthat part of his face was missing andwent off, leaving his wife and youngson His wife was later killed by jaguarsbut her son, Tiri, avenged her deathwhen he grew up
a counsellor of Uther Pendragon
[Urfin.Ursin]
a knight of Uther’s court
a chamberlain to King Arthur
He helped Uther to gain access toIgraine, taking the form of Mark’sknight, Brastias In later years, he wentwith Brastias to the Continent to enlistthe help of Bors and Ban on behalf ofKing Arthur in his battles with therebellious barons
Uisneach
Trang 38a giantessdaughter of Aegir and RanOne of the nine wave-maidens saidsimultaneously to have given birth toHeimdall, fathered by Odin
[Ulgen:=Yakuts Yrin-ai-tojon]
a creator-god of the BuriatsUlgan used fish swimming in theprimaeval waters to support thenewly-created earth which he hadformed in the shape of a huge, flatdish Parts of the dish which broke offbecame the islands and land masses
of earth and the god used one smallpart to make the first human, who wascalled Erlik
He warned Nama of the impendingflood, giving him time to build an ark
in which he survived
When Erlik killed Madere who hadbeen sent to earth as a saviour byUlgan, the sky-god destroyed Erlik
father of Rodomont
hawk-men of the Aborigines
He was a rider with, and sometimesleader of, the Wild Hunt His homewas known as Ydalir In someaccounts, he was the second husband
of Skadi after she left Niord
[Ullerus.Ull(r)]
a son of Orvandel or of Egil and Sith
Ullikummis (see Ullikummi)
He served under Deaglan and was sent
by him to confront an invasion fleetthat threatened Ireland It was saidthat Ultan merely raised his hand andthe fleet sank beneath the waves andthe sailors became rocks offshore
Ultima Thule
the supposed end of the world
(see also Thule)
Ultonian Cycle
(see Red Branch Cycle)
a Fijian god of evil
the area round Ayers RockThe Aborigines say that the rock wasonce a sandhill but, following a greatbattle between races of snake-people,
it grew to its present size and turnedinto solid rock
Ulu’tuyar Ulu Toyo’n Siberian
a malevolent creator-god of theYakuts
[=Chinese Yin:=Japanese Yo]
the female principle
[Ambi.Ambika.Bhagavati.Bhimadevi Bhramari.Bhuta-Nayaki.Devi.Durga Gana-Nayaki.Girija.Ishani.Kamakya Kamaks(h)i.Kanyakumari.Karna-Moti Kotari.Mahadevi.Mahes(h)vari.
‘mother’.Parvati.Raktadanti.Rudrani Sati.Shakti.Shas()ht(h)i.Simha- Vahini:=Cambodian Lady Po Nagar:
=East Indies Dewi:=Japanese Umahi]
a name for Devi as ‘gracious’ or
‘light’
sister of Gangaconsort of Shiva
In some accounts, Sati is said to haveimmolated herself when Shiva wasexcluded from a feast of the gods andShiva, having performed a frenziedfuneral dance as Narajana, restored hiswife to life as Uma
Other accounts say that Uma was aformless goddess who, from time totime, entered the bodies of othergoddesses As a result, many of themare known as Uma In this version, shecould be Ambika, Devi, Durga, Parvati
or Rudrani
Some say that she marriedMaheshvara and bore 3,000 children,including Sannayaka and Vinayaka
(see also Devi)
a sign (horse) of the Zodiac
Uma 3 Pacific Islands
a famous piper
a mother-goddess
Umai-hulhlya-wit North American
a water-monster of the lore of thetribes of California
His enormous body was burnt andfrom it came all things such as ritualsand laws, songs and language
Trang 39Medb coveted Cuchulainn’s spear,
Cletine, and sent a bard to ask him for
it, knowing that one can never refuse a
poet’s request Cuchulainn threw the
spear at the bard, killing him The
force of the throw broke the spear and
the parts fell into the stream
one of the 5 Separate Heavenly Deities
He was created from reeds from the
primaeval waters and grew six
branches, each of which produced a
male and a female deity The last pair
were Izanagi and Izanami from whom
many other gods were descended
The other five pairs were Omodaru
and Ayakisone; Opotonodi and
Opotonobe; Tunogupi and Ikugupi;
Upidini and Supidini; Kuni-toko-tachi
in the theory of a threefold soul, the
umbra hovered over the body
at death
[Umall]
father of Finn, some say
Umhall is regarded as a variant of
Cumaill In other accounts, he is
regarded as the father of Noidhiu by
Fingel
a leader of the Fir Bolg
His four sons were slain when he led a
rebellion against the king of Tara,
Cairbre Nia Fear
Umi-no-kami (see Kaijin)
These boats, which are crewed by
women are said to cause storms
Umisachi (see Fire Flash)
the familiar of the Zulu sorcerer
The Zulu sorcerer uses a corpse which
he has exhumed and revivified After
he has slit the tongue of the corpse and
run a hot needle through the forehead,
he can send the umkovu out at night to
Ummu-Khubur (see Melili)
[Karina.Kuntianak.Salmas]
a female demon, the bird
of illnessThis demoness can render animals andwomen barren and wither crops Sheobtained these powers by eating herown children
In one account, she is said to haveappeared to Solomon as a beautifulyoung woman, naked except for herlong hair, who turned into a white-haired old woman at the sight of theangel Solomon called upon for help
It is said that she can appear as a dog
Umvelinqangi (see Umvelinkwangi)
the sea-plain, realm of Susanowa
He killed his own brother, Kalervo,incurring the lifelong hatred
of Kullervo
Unci (see Grandmother Earth)
Unconquerable, The Roman
a Roman name for Heracles
Underground MotherNorth American
a deity of the Zuniconsort of Sun Fathermother of Paiyatemu
[=Irish Tir inna N’og]
a land of eternal youth: a fairykingdom beneath the earth:the underworld
Undersea Island, The Irish
an island encountered by Maeldun onhis voyage
Through the water, Maeldun could see
a submerged island, with houses andcastles, where a warrior tended herds
of cattle which were devoured by ahuge monster sitting in a tree
Underwater PanthersNorth American
water-monsters of the eastern tribesThese beasts were said to be like thecreatures of the earth in reverse, livingunder the surface of rivers and lakes.They tried to destroy the earth bydragging it under the water or byinundation When they tried todestroy Nokomis in one such flood,the trickster god, Manabazho, called
on the beavers and others to bring upmud from the bottom from which hemade dry land, so saving her life
underworld
[afterworld.Otherworld.paradise]the place to which the dead (or thesouls of the dead) are said to goEach culture has its own version ofwhat happens to humans when theydie Many postulate a place wheredeparted souls receive reward orpunishment based on their conduct
on earth Some of these are
–African
(1) The Bantu say that the souls ofthe dead go to Ku-zimu, anunderground world and, if they cause
a commotion, an earthquake results.(2) In Dahomey, some say that theland of the dead is in the sky, othersthat it is under the earth
Umashi-Ashi-Kabi-Hiko-Ji
Trang 40an underwater realm where theinhabitants live like fish on thebottom.
–Armenian
The Armenian underworld,Dzokhk, is envisaged as a fieryabyss below the earth’s surface Abridge known as Maze leads fromhell to heaven This bridge is veryfragile and collapses under theweight of sin, casting the soul backinto torment
nine-at the centre of the earth To reachthe underworld, the dead had tocross eight forests, eight desertsand eight mountains, each full ofgreat dangers, and finally cross ariver into the first layer of theunderworld itself Included in thehazards of the journey were thefierce alligator, Xochitonal, thedemon Izpuzteque and the fiendNextepehua Souls who survivedthe journey finally found rest in thelast of these underworld realms,Chicuauhmictlan
(2) The Maya envisaged hell not as
a place of permanent torment but
as one stage in the progress of eachindividual between birth and finallyreaching heaven This region wascalled Xibalba The place reservedfor the punishment of the wicked isMitnal
–Chinese
In China, the underworld wasknown as Ti-yü, Earth Prison, andwas ruled by Ti-ts’ang
(see also Taoist)
–East Indian
The Papuan underworld, ruled byTumudurere, is known as Hiyoyoaand lies under the sea
–Egyptian
The underworld, Amenti, is dividedinto twelve provinces containing aHall of Judgement where soulswere weighed in the balance byAnubis against a feather in front ofOsiris and forty-two judges Thosewho pass the test proceed to theparadise Aalu; those who fail arecondemned to everlasting torment
–Inuit
(1) The home of the good dead isknown as Qudlivum as opposed toAdlivum, the undersea world forsinners, some of whom suffer lesstorment in the lower sectionknown as Adliparmiut
(2) The souls of the dead of theCaribou Inuits go to the house ofPana, a realm in the sky which isfull of holes to allow rain to fall
Here they are born again andbrought back to earth by the moonand live out another life, sometimes
as humans, sometimes as animals
or birds
–Greek
Tartarus, ruled by Hades, had threesections, the Asphodel Fields,Erebus and Elysium
–Hindu
In Patala, the record of each soul isread out by Chitragupta and judged
by Yama As a result, the soul may
be sent to heaven, to one of themany hells or back to earth forreincarnation
Hell itself has twenty-eight (ortwenty-one) regions, each reservedfor a particular type of sinner
Some of these regions are:
Asipatravana for hereticsAvichimat for liarsKalasutra for those who have killed a Brahmin
Krimibhoja for the selfishKumbhika for the cruelRaurava for sadistsSuchimikha for misersSukramukha for tyrantsTamusra for adulterers and robbersVajrakantaka for those who married into another casteThe river Vaitarani is used topunish religious dissidents
(see also Patala)
–Irish
The underworld is variously TechDuinn, the home of Donn, TheLand of Women when regarded asruled by a goddess or Sid, the Land
of the Fairies or Dun Scaith, ruled
by Midir
–Jain
The Jain hell has seven layers, thelowest of which is Mahatuma.Another, filled with hot sand, isknown as Valuka, home of theValu
Fiendish tortures are applied byvarious underworld gods known asAmbas, Ambaras, Asipalas, Dhanu,Kala, Kharasvara, Kumbha,Mahakali, Maharudra, Sabala,Sama, Valu and Vetarani
–New Zealand
The Maori home of the ordinarydead is Lua-a-Milu under the earth
or the sea; the souls of the exalted
go to an island in the sky, the home
of the gods
Other accounts refer to thenether world of Reinga orUranga-o-te-Ra
–Norse
Niflheim, said to be beneath theearth and bounded by the riverGiall Spirits of the slain warriorswent to Valhalla in Asgard, home ofthe gods, or were taken by Freya toher palace, but others enteredNiflheim by crossing the bridgeover the Giall guarded by Modgud
to whom they had to pay a tribute
of blood Next came the area ofIronwood where the trees hadmetal leaves and then the entrancegates guarded by the dog Garm.Inside, in the cold and darkness,was Elvidnir, the hall of Hel, ruler
of Niflheim, where spirits werejudged Criminals were consigned
to Nastrond and were eaten by theserpent Nidhogg
–North America
(1) The Cherokee envisage a worldbelow which is the exact counter-part of their own world except thatthe seasons are reversed
(2) The Klamash underworld isknown as the Place of the Dark.(3) Some tribes, including theNavaho, regard the underworld asthe place where their ancestorscame from, rather than as thehome of the dead
underworld