Manual of neurologic therapeutics - part 10 potx

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Engl J Med 1992;327:1643—1648

Prasad K, Volmink J, Menon GR Steroids for treating tuberculous meningitis Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000;3:CD002244

Raschilas F, Wolff M, Delatour F, et al Outcome of and prognostic factors for herpes simplex encephalitis in adult patients: results

of a multicenter study Clin Infect Dis 2002;35:254—260

Reihsaus E, Waldbaur H, Seeling W Spinal epidural abscess: a meta-analysis of 915 patients Neurosurg Rev 2000;23:175—204;

van der Horst CM, Saag MS, Cloud GA, et al Treatment of cryptococcal meningitis associated with the acquired immunodeficiency

syndrome: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Mycoses Study Group and AIDS Clinical Trials Group N Engl J Med

1997;337:15—21

Wheat J, Sarosi G, McKinsey D, et al Practice guidelines for the management of patients with histoplasmosis: Infectious Diseases

Society of America Clin Infect Dis 2000;30:688—695

Wheat LJ, Batteiger BE, Sathapatayavongs B Histoplasma capsulatum infections of the central nervous system: a clinical review

Medicine (Baltimore) 1990;69:244—260

Whitley RJ, Soong SJ, Linneman C Jr., et al Herpes simplex encephalitis: clinical assessment JAMA 1982;247:317—320

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cranial epidural 533–534 (includes CRANIAL SUBDURAL EMPYEMA and CRANIAL EPIDURAL ABSCESS)

spinal epidural 534–535 (includes CRANIAL EPIDURAL ABSCESS and SPINAL EPIDURAL ABSCESS)

in neuromuscular junction myopathies 298 (includes POTASSIUM-SENSITIVE PERIODIC PARALYSIS and PARAMYOTONIA CONGENITA)

299 (includes PARAMYOTONIA CONGENITA and ACETAZOLAMIDE-RESPONSIVE MYOTONIA and FAMILIAL HYPOKALEMIC PERIODIC PARALYSIS) 301 (includes FAMILIAL HYPOKALEMIC PERIODIC PARALYSIS and KLEIN—LISAK—ANDERSEN OR ANDERSEN—TAWIL

SYNDROME) 302 (includes KLEIN—LISAK—ANDERSEN OR ANDERSEN—TAWIL SYNDROME and MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA)

Acetazolamide-responsive myotonia 299 (includes PARAMYOTONIA CONGENITA and ACETAZOLAMIDE-RESPONSIVE MYOTONIA and

FAMILIAL HYPOKALEMIC PERIODIC PARALYSIS)

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitor poisoning 501–502 (includes CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING and ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR POISONING)

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

Acid maltase deficiency 306–307 (includes CONGENITAL MYOPATHIES and ACID MALTASE DEFICIENCY)

Acidosis, in neuromuscular junction myopathies 303 (includes MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA and CONGENITAL MYOPATHIES)

Acoustic neuroma 138 (includes NEUROEPITHELIAL TUMORS and CRANIAL AND SPINAL NERVE TUMORS)

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), dementia of 439–440 (includes NONNEURODEGENERATIVE DEMENTIA and DEMENTIA DUE

TO INFECTIOUS PROCESSES)

Acromegaly 150

ACTH See Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Actigraphy 94

Activated partial prothrombin time (aPTT), in hemorrhagic stroke 383

Acute confusional state (ACS) 410 (includes Behavioral Neurology and Dementia and DISORDERS OF ATTENTION AND EXECUTIVE

FUNCTIONS)

Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP) 204 205

Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP)

Acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN) 204 205

Acute motor-sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) 204 205

Acute subdural hematoma (ASDH) 11

Acute symptomatic seizure 34

Acyclovir

in MS 185

for West syndrome 49

Advanced sleep-phase syndrome (ASPS) 109

Advanced trauma life support (ATLS) 14 (includes HEAD INJURY and ACUTE SPINAL CORD INJURY)

Aerobic exercise program, for neuromuscular junction disorders 264 See also Exercise therapy

Affective presentation, and chronic pain 322–323 (includes PROGNOSIS and DIAGNOSIS)

Agitation, headaches associated with 345 (includes NOCTURNAL MIGRAINE and CLUSTER HEADACHE)

AIDS dementia complex (ADC) 439–440 (includes NONNEURODEGENERATIVE DEMENTIA and DEMENTIA DUE TO INFECTIOUS

PROCESSES)

Airway

Akinesia 415

Alcoholism

malnutrition associated with 502 (includes ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR POISONING and ALCOHOL)

and vitamin B1 deficiency 484 (includes HYPERKALEMIA and VITAMIN DEFICIENCY, DEPENDENCY, AND TOXICITY)

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Alopecia, in thallium poisoning 240 (includes PATHOGENESIS and NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH ARSENIC INTOXICATION) 499

(includes HEAVY-METAL POISONING and CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING)

Alpha2-agonists, in attention disorders 413

Alpha-interferon, for hepatitis C-related mixed cryoglobulinemia 221 (includes VASCULITIC NEUROPATHIES and NEUROPATHY

ASSOCIATED WITH SARCOIDOSIS)

Alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E), in Alzheimer disease 430–431

Alprazolam (Xanax), for behavioral dysfunction 421

for idiopathic CNS hypersomnolence 99

toxicity of 511–512 (includes BARBITURATE INTOXICATION and STIMULANTS (AMPHETAMINES, COCAINE, PHENCYCLIDINE))

Ampicillin, for meningitis 358 (includes MENINGITIS and SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE) See also Antibiotic therapy

Amyloid deposition, in inflammatory myopathies 277

Analgesia See also Pain

Andersen disease 309 (includes DEBRANCHER ENZYME DEFICIENCY and BRANCHING ENZYME DEFICIENCY)

Anemia, pernicious 487 See also Vitamin deficiencies

Aneurysm, optic neuropathy due to 465 (includes DIABETIC ANTERIOR ISCHEMIC OPTIC NEUROPATHY (AION) and COMPRESSIVE AND

INTRINSIC OPTIC NEUROPATHIES DUE TO TUMOR AND ANEURYSM and LEBER HEREDITARY OPTIC NEUROPATHY (LHON))

Aneurysm repair, in SAH 384

Angiography

Angiokeratomas, in Fabry disease 252 (includes FAMILIAL AMYLOID POLYNEUROPATHIES and FABRY DISEASE)

Angioplasty, risk factors for 377

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, in stroke prevention 377

Ankylosing spondylitis 77

Anterior cord syndrome 16

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Antibiotics

in bacterial meningitis 522 523

in brain abscess 532 (includes BACTERIAL BRAIN ABSCESS and CRANIAL SUBDURAL EMPYEMA)

in cranial epidural abscess 534 (includes CRANIAL EPIDURAL ABSCESS and SPINAL EPIDURAL ABSCESS)

for meningitis 358 (includes MENINGITIS and SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE)

in spinal epidural abscess 535 (includes SPINAL EPIDURAL ABSCESS and ENCEPHALITIS)

in subdural empyema 533 (includes CRANIAL SUBDURAL EMPYEMA and CRANIAL EPIDURAL ABSCESS)

Antibodies

fluorescent treponema 441

in GBS 205

in Isaac syndrome 215 (includes MULTIFOCAL ACQUIRED DEMYELINATING SENSORY AND MOTOR (MADSAM) NEUROPATHY and ISAAC

SYNDROME (SYNDROME OF CONTINUOUS MUSCLE FIBER ACTIVITY))

in multifocal motor neuropathy 212

in neuromuscular junction disorders 261 268

in neuropathy associated with MGUS 238 (includes NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHY OF UNCERTAIN

SIGNFICANCE (MGUS) and NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH LEAD INTOXICATION)

in paraneoplastic sensory neuronopathy 234 (includes PARANEOPLASTIC SENSORY NEUROPATHY/GANGLIONOPATHY and NEUROPATHY

ASSOCIATED WITH POEMS SYNDROME)

paraneoplastic syndromes associated with 165 166 (includes PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES OF THE BRAIN AND CEREBELLUM and

PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES OF THE EYE)

in vasculitic neuropathies 219

Antibody testing, in paraneoplastic syndromes 164 (includes NEUROLOGIC COMPLICATIONS OF SYSTEMIC CANCER and

PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES OF THE BRAIN AND CEREBELLUM)

Anticholinergic drugs

in MS 184

in Parkinson disease 391–382

toxicity associated with 512–513 (includes STIMULANTS (AMPHETAMINES, COCAINE, PHENCYCLIDINE) and ANTICHOLINERGIC AND

POLYCYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT TOXICITY)

Anticholinesterase drugs, for myasthenia gravis 262 262

Anticoagulation

in amaurosis fugax 462 (includes ACQUIRED NYSTAGMUS AND RELATED CONDITIONS and AMAUROSIS FUGAX and ANTERIOR

ISCHEMIC OPTIC NEUROPATHY)

for arterial dissection 378

for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis 381 (includes CEREBRAL VENOUS SINUS THROMBOSIS and HEMORRHAGIC STROKE)

for stroke patients 374

in stroke prevention 376 379–380

TPA 373 374 375

Anticonvulsants

for behavioral dysfunction 419 419

for brain tumors 119

Antiemetic drugs, for vertigo 69

Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)

P.545

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Antiepileptic medications (AEMs), in Isaac syndrome 216 (includes ISAAC SYNDROME (SYNDROME OF CONTINUOUS MUSCLE FIBER ACTIVITY) and IDIOPATHIC AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY)

Antifungals 528 529 (includes FUNGAL MENINGITIS and VIRAL MENINGITIS)

Antihypertensive therapy, for stroke patients 374 375

Antiinflammatory agents See also Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs

in Alzheimer disease 430–431

for migraine 347 (includes EXERTIONAL HEADACHE and HYPNIC HEADACHE)

Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), in neuromuscular junction disorders 261

Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome 379

for vestibular neuritis 72

in viral meningitis 530 (includes VIRAL MENINGITIS and BACTERIAL BRAIN ABSCESS)

Apnea testing, in brain death 23

Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps 372

Argyll-Robertson pupils, in neurosyphilis 441

Aripiprazole (Abilify)

for behavioral dysfunction 421

for behavioral dysregulation 420

Arterial dissection, stroke caused by 378–379

Arterial lesions, and stroke 370 378

Arteritis

giant cell 463–464

temporal 361–362 (includes OPHTHALMIC ZOSTER and TEMPORAL ARTERITIS)

Ascorbic acid deficiency 490

Aspirin, in stroke prevention 376

Astrocytomas 116

Ataxia 405–407 (includes HYPERKINETIC MOVEMENT DISORDERS and OTHER DISORDERS OF MOVEMENT) 406

in CNS toxoplasmosis 539

Friedreich 405–406 (includes HYPERKINETIC MOVEMENT DISORDERS and OTHER DISORDERS OF MOVEMENT) 407

hereditary 405 (includes HYPERKINETIC MOVEMENT DISORDERS and OTHER DISORDERS OF MOVEMENT) 406

inherited 75

in Miller-Fisher syndrome 207 (includes MILLER—FISHER SYNDROME and CHRONIC INFLAMMATORY DEMYELINATING

POLYRADICULONEUROPATHY)

progressive 406

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Atrial fibrillation, in stroke patients 376

Atrophy, in neuromuscular junction myopathies 309 (includes DEBRANCHER ENZYME DEFICIENCY and BRANCHING ENZYME

DEFICIENCY)

Atropine

in AChE poisoning 502 (includes ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR POISONING and ALCOHOL)

in spinal cord injury 20

Attention, defined 410 (includes Behavioral Neurology and Dementia and DISORDERS OF ATTENTION AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS)

Attentional control strategies, for pain 333

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 410 (includes Behavioral Neurology and Dementia and DISORDERS OF ATTENTION AND

EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS)

Attention disorders

Attitudes, and pain 321 (includes PATHOPHYSIOLOGY and PROGNOSIS)

Aura

defined 33 (includes Epilepsy and EPILEPSY)

migraine headache with 343–344 (includes MIGRAINE HEADACHE and MIGRAINE WITH AURA)

Autoantibodies, in stiff person syndrome 200–201 See also Antibodies

Autonomic dysfunction, in neuromuscular junction disorders 268

Autonomic neuropathies, hereditary 248–249 (includes CHARCOT—MARIE—TOOTH DISEASE and HEREDITARY SENSORY AND

AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHIES) 250–251

Autoregulation, cerebral 27–28 28

Avonex

for MS 186–187

for optic neuritis 468

Axon motor disease See Motor axon disease

Azathioprine

Azidothymidine (AZT), in AIDS dementia 440

Azotemia 479

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risk factors for 84 (includes NECK PAIN and BACK PAIN)

in spinal epidural abscess 535 (includes SPINAL EPIDURAL ABSCESS and ENCEPHALITIS)

in stiff man syndrome 409

in stiff person syndrome 201 (includes STIFF PERSON/STIFF LIMB SYNDROME and TETANUS)

for trigeminal neuralgia 351

Bacterial index, in leprosy 223

Bacterial meningitis

CSF findings in 522

diagnosis of 521–523 (includes Infections of the Central Nervous System and BACTERIAL MENINGITIS)

pathophysiology of 521 (includes Infections of the Central Nervous System and BACTERIAL MENINGITIS)

treatment of 522 523–524 523

Barosinusitis 337 (includes TENSION HEADACHE and SINUS HEADACHE)

Basal cell nevus syndrome, brain tumor associated with 116

Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) 284–287 (includes CRITICAL ILLNESS MYOPATHY (ACUTE QUADRIPLEGIC MYOPATHY) and DUCHENNE

AND BECKER MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY)

Bed rest, for back pain 89

for attentional disorders 415

for behavioral dysregulation 422 (includes DISORDERS OF ATTENTION AND EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS and OTHER NEUROPSYCHIATRIC

CONDITIONS)

for memory disorders 418

Behavior disorders, rapid eye movement associated with 112

Beliefs, and pain 321 (includes PATHOPHYSIOLOGY and PROGNOSIS)

Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) 52–53

Benign positional vertigo (BPV) 66

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Beta-adrenergic agonists, for neuromuscular junction myopathies 298 (includes POTASSIUM-SENSITIVE PERIODIC PARALYSIS and PARAMYOTONIA CONGENITA)

Beta-blockers

Beta-interferons, in MS 185

Betaseron, for MS 186–187

Bileaflet prosthetic valves 376

Biopsy See also Muscle biopsy; Stereotactic biopsy

Biot breathing, in coma 4

BiPAP

in myasthenic syndromes 275 (includes CONGENITAL MYASTHENIC SYNDROMES and INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES)

for myotonic dystrophy 295 (includes MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY TYPE 1 (DM1) and MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY TYPE 2 OR PROXIMAL MYOTONIC MYOPATHY and MYOTONIA CONGENITA)

Biphosphonates, for myasthenia gravis 264

Bladder syndrome, in cervical spondylosis 80

Blastomyces dermatitidis 527 (includes TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS and FUNGAL MENINGITIS) 528

Blinking, in coma 3

Blood clotting, in salicylate intoxication 514 See also Anticoagulation

Blood pressure, in stroke patients 373 See also Hypertension

Bone scan, spinal metastases on 160 See also Computed tomography

Boston overlap hard-shell brace 18

Botox (Oculinum), for dystonia 400

Botulinum toxin (Botox)

Botulism 269–272 (includes LAMBERT—EATON MYASTHENIC SYNDROME and BOTULISM) 273 (includes TICK PARALYSIS and CONGENITAL MYASTHENIC SYNDROMES)

infant 269–272 (includes LAMBERT—EATON MYASTHENIC SYNDROME and BOTULISM)

treatment for 272 (includes BOTULISM and TICK PARALYSIS)

confirmatory tests for 24–25

diagnosis of 21–23 (includes ACUTE SPINAL CORD INJURY and BRAIN DEATH)

mechanical ventilation in 25

neurologic states mimicking 24

pathophysiology of 21 (includes ACUTE SPINAL CORD INJURY and BRAIN DEATH)

requirements for 23

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P.548

Brain injury, EDS caused by 101–102 See also Traumatic brain injury

Brain metastases 155–158 (includes SPINAL CORD TUMORS and NEUROLOGIC COMPLICATIONS OF SYSTEMIC CANCER)

Brainstem infarction 68 74

Brainstem reflexes, absence of 22

Brain Trauma Foundation 14 (includes HEAD INJURY and ACUTE SPINAL CORD INJURY)

British anti-Lewsite (BAL)

for arsenic intoxication 241 (includes NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH ARSENIC INTOXICATION and NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH

VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY)

for lead intoxication 239 (includes NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH LEAD INTOXICATION and NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH

THALLIUM INTOXICATION and PATHOGENESIS)

for lead toxicity 494–495

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(AMPHETAMINES, COCAINE, PHENCYCLIDINE))

Central nervous system hypersomnolence, idiopathic 98–99

Centronuclear/myotubular myopathy 304–305

Cerebellar herniation 13

Cerebellar infarction 68 74

Cerebellum, paraneoplastic syndromes of 165–166

Cerebral autoregulation curve 27 28

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) 25 27 28 28 29

Cerebral edema See Edema

Cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) 25 27 28

Cerebral spasticity 407

Cerebral vein thrombosis 365 (includes CEREBRAL VEIN THROMBOSIS and CAROTID ARTERY DISSECTION)

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis 380–381 (includes ARTERIAL ISCHEMIC STROKE AND TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK and CEREBRAL VENOUS SINUS THROMBOSIS)

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis

in idiopathic autonomic neuropathy 217 (includes IDIOPATHIC AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY and VASCULITIC NEUROPATHIES)

in Isaac syndrome 215 (includes MULTIFOCAL ACQUIRED DEMYELINATING SENSORY AND MOTOR (MADSAM) NEUROPATHY and ISAAC SYNDROME (SYNDROME OF CONTINUOUS MUSCLE FIBER ACTIVITY))

in neuropathy associated with POEMS syndrome 235

in paraneoplastic sensory neuronopathy 234 (includes PARANEOPLASTIC SENSORY NEUROPATHY/GANGLIONOPATHY and NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH POEMS SYNDROME)

in porphyric neuropathies 255

in thallium intoxication 240 (includes PATHOGENESIS and NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH ARSENIC INTOXICATION)

in viral meningitis 530 (includes VIRAL MENINGITIS and BACTERIAL BRAIN ABSCESS)

Cervical collar 18

for neck pain 82

in radiculopathy 82

Cervical cord, injury to 76 (includes Neck and Back Pain and NECK PAIN) See also Spinal cord

Cervical spondylosis 76 (includes Neck and Back Pain and NECK PAIN)

treatment of 248 (includes CHARCOT—MARIE—TOOTH DISEASE and HEREDITARY SENSORY AND AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHIES)

Cheiro-oral syndrome 343 (includes MIGRAINE HEADACHE and MIGRAINE WITH AURA)

Chelation therapy

for arsenic intoxication 241 (includes NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH ARSENIC INTOXICATION and NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY)

for heavy metal exposure 446

for lead toxicity 239 (includes NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH LEAD INTOXICATION and NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH THALLIUM INTOXICATION and PATHOGENESIS) 494–495

Chemotherapy

for brain metastases 158

for brain tumor 121 (includes PRIMARY BRAIN TUMORS and NEUROEPITHELIAL TUMORS)

for CNS lymphoma 146 (includes PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LYMPHOMA and GERM CELL TUMORS)

in germ cell tumors 147 (includes GERM CELL TUMORS and CYSTS AND TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS)

and stem cell transplantation 177

“Cherry-red” appearance, in CO poisoning 500

Chest radiography See also Radiographic studies

in inflammatory myopathies 281 (includes INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES and TRICHINOSIS)

in paraneoplastic sensory neuronopathy 234 (includes PARANEOPLASTIC SENSORY NEUROPATHY/GANGLIONOPATHY and NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH POEMS SYNDROME)

Cheyne-Stokes respirations

in CHF 100 101

in coma 4

Chiari type 1 malformations 75

Childhood absence epilepsy (CAE) 53

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Chloral hydrate (Noctec), poisoning with 511 (includes BARBITURATE INTOXICATION and STIMULANTS (AMPHETAMINES, COCAINE,

PHENCYCLIDINE))

Chlorambucil, in neuromuscular disorders 202

Chlordiazepoxide, in alcohol withdrawal 504 505 (includes ALCOHOL and WERNICKE ENCEPHALOPATHY)

Chlorothiazide, for neuromuscular junction myopathies 298 (includes POTASSIUM-SENSITIVE PERIODIC PARALYSIS and PARAMYOTONIA

CONGENITA) 299 (includes PARAMYOTONIA CONGENITA and ACETAZOLAMIDE-RESPONSIVE MYOTONIA and FAMILIAL HYPOKALEMIC

Choroid plexus tumors 133

Chronic ideopathic polyneuropathy 243–244 (includes NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH VITAMIN E DEFICIENCY and CHRONIC

IDIOPATHIC SENSORY OR SENSORIMOTOR POLYNEUROPATHY)

Chronic pain

Chronic tension headache 350 (includes STABBING HEADACHE and TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA and CHRONIC TENSION HEADACHE) 352

(includes CHRONIC TENSION HEADACHE and TENSION-VASCULAR HEADACHE)

Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) 218 219 220

Circadian rhythm disorders 109–110

Circulation, in head injury 13

CK (creatine kinase) levels

Clindamycin, in CNS toxoplasmosis 540

Clonazepam (Klonopin) See also Benzodiazepines

in epilepsy 45

for myoclonus 403

for REM sleep disorder 112

in epilepsy 46 (includes EPILEPSY and OVERVIEW OF EPILEPSY PRESENTATIONS AND SYNDROMES)

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Coccidioides immitis 528

Cochrane review, of radiculopathy 82

Codeine, pharmacological properties of 328

in brain death 21–22 (includes ACUTE SPINAL CORD INJURY and BRAIN DEATH)

in neuroophthalmological problems 452 (includes DEGENERATIVE MYOPATHIES and MYASTHENIA GRAVIS and TRAUMA)

in paraneoplastic syndromes 164 (includes NEUROLOGIC COMPLICATIONS OF SYSTEMIC CANCER and PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES

OF THE BRAIN AND CEREBELLUM)

sinus 338 (includes SINUS HEADACHE and MIGRAINE HEADACHE)

in stroke 371

in subarachnoid hemorrhage 382 382

in subdural hematoma 360 (includes SUBDURAL HEMATOMA and OPHTHALMIC ZOSTER)

tumors on

Computed tomography (CT) myelography

spinal cord tumors on 154

spinal metastases on 160

Concussion 10–11

Confusion

acute confusional state (ACS) 410 (includes Behavioral Neurology and Dementia and DISORDERS OF ATTENTION AND EXECUTIVE

FUNCTIONS) (See also Dementias)

defined 1 (includes Coma, Head Trauma, and Spinal Cord Injury and COMA)

in HIV-associated dementia 538

Congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) 289–290 (includes LIMB—GIRDLE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY and CONGENITAL MUSCULAR

DYSTROPHY)

Congenital myopathy 303 (includes MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA and CONGENITAL MYOPATHIES) 304–305 306 (includes CONGENITAL

MYOPATHIES and ACID MALTASE DEFICIENCY)

Congress of Neurological Surgeons 14 (includes HEAD INJURY and ACUTE SPINAL CORD INJURY)

Constipation, in ALS 196

Continuous muscle fiber activity syndrome 215–216 (includes MULTIFOCAL ACQUIRED DEMYELINATING SENSORY AND MOTOR

(MADSAM) NEUROPATHY and ISAAC SYNDROME (SYNDROME OF CONTINUOUS MUSCLE FIBER ACTIVITY))

Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) 100 101

P.551

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Contusion 11 See also Trauma

Coproporphyrin excretion, in lead toxicity 494–495 496

Coproporphyrin levels, in lead intoxication 239 (includes NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH LEAD INTOXICATION and NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH THALLIUM INTOXICATION and PATHOGENESIS)

Cord compression, in cervical spondylosis 78 See also Spinal cord

Cori-Forbes disease 308–309

Corneal reflexes, in coma 3

Cortical infarcts, in vascular dementia 437 (includes NEURODEGENERATIVE DEMENTIAS and NONNEURODEGENERATIVE DEMENTIA) Corticobasal degeneration

Corticosteroids See also Prednisone; Steroids

for brain metastasis 156

for brain tumors 119

in CIDP 209

for CNS lymphoma 146 (includes PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LYMPHOMA and GERM CELL TUMORS)

in critical illness myopathy 283

for diabetes-related neuropathy 232 (includes DIABETIC RADICULOPLEXUS NEUROPATHY and CRITICAL ILLNESS POLYNEUROPATHY)

in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies 277–278

CPEO 451 (includes ASYMMETRIC PUPILS and DEGENERATIVE MYOPATHIES)

Cramps, heat 517 (includes SALICYLATE INTOXICATION and HYPERTHERMIA) 518 (includes HYPERTHERMIA and NEUROLEPTIC

MALIGNANT SYNDROME)

Cranial nerve palsies

Cranial tumors 138–141 (includes NEUROEPITHELIAL TUMORS and CRANIAL AND SPINAL NERVE TUMORS)

Craniopharyngioma 153 (includes TUMORS OF THE SELLAR REGION and SPINAL CORD TUMORS)

C-reactive protein

stroke associated with 379

in temporal arteritis 362 (includes TEMPORAL ARTERITIS and PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI)

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease 442 443 (includes DEMENTIA DUE TO INFECTIOUS PROCESSES and VITAMIN DEFICIENCY STATES/TOXINS) Critical illness myopathy (CIM) 232 (includes DIABETIC RADICULOPLEXUS NEUROPATHY and CRITICAL ILLNESS POLYNEUROPATHY) 282–284 (includes TRICHINOSIS and CRITICAL ILLNESS MYOPATHY (ACUTE QUADRIPLEGIC MYOPATHY))

for neuromuscular junction disorders 265

in neurosarcoidosis 222 (includes NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH SARCOIDOSIS and NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH LEPROSY)

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Debrancher enzyme deficiency 308–309

Deep tendon reflexes

in coma 3

in neuromuscular junction disorders 273 (includes TICK PARALYSIS and CONGENITAL MYASTHENIC SYNDROMES)

Deep vein thrombosis prophylaxis

after acute strokes 375

in spinal metastases 160

Dehydration, in opiate withdrawal 508 (includes OPIATE ABUSE and BARBITURATE INTOXICATION) See also Water losses

Delayed sleep-phase syndrome (DSPS) 109

Delirium

Delivery, seizures during 58

Delta-aminolevulinic acid (Δ-ALA) dehydratase activity, in lead toxicity 494–495 496

Delusions, in psychosis 426 (includes OTHER NEUROPSYCHIATRIC CONDITIONS and DEMENTIA)

Dementias See also Neurodegenerative dementias

Demyelinating diseases 179 See also Multiple sclerosis

anterior ischemic optic neuropathy in 464–465 (includes ANTERIOR ISCHEMIC OPTIC NEUROPATHY and DIABETIC ANTERIOR

ISCHEMIC OPTIC NEUROPATHY (AION))

polyneuropathy related to 230–232 (includes HERPES VARICELLA ZOSTER—RELATED NEUROPATHY and DIABETIC DISTAL SYMMETRIC

SENSORY AND SENSORIMOTOR POLYNEUROPATHY)

polyradiculoneuropathy of 231–232 (includes DIABETIC DISTAL SYMMETRIC SENSORY AND SENSORIMOTOR POLYNEUROPATHY and

DIABETIC RADICULOPLEXUS NEUROPATHY)

Dialysis, in salicylate intoxication 516

3,4 diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP)

in myasthenic syndromes 275 (includes CONGENITAL MYASTHENIC SYNDROMES and INFLAMMATORY MYOPATHIES)

in neuromuscular junction disorders 269 (includes LAMBERT—EATON MYASTHENIC SYNDROME and BOTULISM)

Diazepam (Valium)

in alcohol withdrawal 504

in barbiturate intoxication 511 (includes BARBITURATE INTOXICATION and STIMULANTS (AMPHETAMINES, COCAINE,

PHENCYCLIDINE))

for headache 354

for neck pain 81

poisoning with 511 (includes BARBITURATE INTOXICATION and STIMULANTS (AMPHETAMINES, COCAINE, PHENCYCLIDINE))

for spasticity 408

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Dichlorphenamide, in neuromuscular junction myopathies 298 (includes POTASSIUM-SENSITIVE PERIODIC PARALYSIS and

PARAMYOTONIA CONGENITA) 301 (includes FAMILIAL HYPOKALEMIC PERIODIC PARALYSIS and KLEIN—LISAK—ANDERSEN OR

ANDERSEN—TAWIL SYNDROME)

Diet

Diffuse axonal injury (DAI) 12

Dihydroergotamine, for migraine headache 341

Dilantin, in neuromuscular junction myopathies 296 (includes MYOTONIA CONGENITA and POTASSIUM-SENSITIVE PERIODIC

PARALYSIS) See also Phenytoin

Diltiazem, in migraine prevention 345 (includes NOCTURNAL MIGRAINE and CLUSTER HEADACHE)

Dimenhydrinate, for vertigo 69

vertical 460 (includes SKEW DEVIATIONS and GAZE PARALYSIS)

Dipyridamole, in stroke prevention 376

in hyperkalemia 484 (includes HYPERKALEMIA and VITAMIN DEFICIENCY, DEPENDENCY, AND TOXICITY)

for Ménière syndrome 72

Dog tick 272 (includes BOTULISM and TICK PARALYSIS)

Doll head reflex 5

Dopamine

in Parkinson disease 388 (includes Movement Disorders and PARKINSON DISEASE AND RELATED DISORDERS) 392

Dopamine-depleting drugs, in chorea 402

Dopamine replacement therapy, in Parkinson disease 390–391

Dopaminergic agents

P.553

Trang 19

in RLS 108

Double vision 460 (includes SKEW DEVIATIONS and GAZE PARALYSIS)

Doxepin, for headache 352 (includes CHRONIC TENSION HEADACHE and TENSION-VASCULAR HEADACHE)

Droperidol, in behavioral dysregulation 419

Drug abuse, stroke caused by 370

Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), for myasthenia gravis 264

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) 284–287 (includes CRITICAL ILLNESS MYOPATHY (ACUTE QUADRIPLEGIC MYOPATHY) and DUCHENNE AND BECKER MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY)

Dynamic glycogen storage disorders 310–311 (includes BRANCHING ENZYME DEFICIENCY and DYNAMIC GLYCOGEN STORAGE

DISORDERS)

Dysarthria, for ALS 195–196

Dysexecutive syndromes 410 (includes Behavioral Neurology and Dementia and DISORDERS OF ATTENTION AND EXECUTIVE

Trang 20

in muscular dystrophy 292 (includes EMERY—DREIFUSS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY and OCULOPHARYNGEAL MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY)

in neuromuscular junction myopathies 300 307 (includes ACID MALTASE DEFICIENCY and DEBRANCHER ENZYME DEFICIENCY) 308 309

(includes DEBRANCHER ENZYME DEFICIENCY and BRANCHING ENZYME DEFICIENCY) 314

in stroke 372

Electroconvulsive therapy, in neuroleptic malignant syndrome 519

Electrodiagnostic features, in inflammatory myopathies 277 See also Electrophysiologic findings

Electroencephalogram

Electroencephalography (EEG)

in brain death 24–25

in epilepsy 33 (includes Epilepsy and EPILEPSY)

in hepatic encephalopathy 478 (includes HEPATIC (PORTOSYSTEMIC) ENCEPHALOPATHY and HYPEROSMOLALITY AND

HYPERTONICITY)

Electromyography (EMG)

in back pain 87–88

in cervical spondylosis 80–81

in muscular dystrophy 289 (includes LIMB—GIRDLE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY and CONGENITAL MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY)

in myotonic dystrophy 294 295 (includes MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY TYPE 1 (DM1) and MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY TYPE 2 OR PROXIMAL

MYOTONIC MYOPATHY and MYOTONIA CONGENITA)

in neuromuscular junction disorders 271

in neuromuscular junction myopathies 296 (includes MYOTONIA CONGENITA and POTASSIUM-SENSITIVE PERIODIC PARALYSIS)

297 299 (includes PARAMYOTONIA CONGENITA and ACETAZOLAMIDE-RESPONSIVE MYOTONIA and FAMILIAL HYPOKALEMIC PERIODIC

PARALYSIS) 301 (includes FAMILIAL HYPOKALEMIC PERIODIC PARALYSIS and KLEIN—LISAK—ANDERSEN OR ANDERSEN—TAWIL

SYNDROME) 306–309 (includes CONGENITAL MYOPATHIES and ACID MALTASE DEFICIENCY) 311–314 (includes DYNAMIC GLYCOGEN

STORAGE DISORDERS and CARNITINE DEFICIENCY)

in sleep-related breathing abnormalities 100

in spinal muscular atrophies 192 (includes SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHIES and HEREDITARY SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA)

Electron microscopy, in inflammatory myopathies 277

Electrophysiologic findings

in acute poliomyelitis 198 (includes ACUTE POLIOMYELITIS and POSTPOLIOMYELITIS SYNDROME)

in arsenic intoxication 241 (includes NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH ARSENIC INTOXICATION and NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH

VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY)

in CIDP 208

in cobalamine deficiency 242 (includes NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY and NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED

WITH VITAMIN E DEFICIENCY)

in critical illness myopathy 283

in DSP associated with AIDS 227 (includes HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS—ASSOCIATED DISTAL SYMMETRIC POLYNEUROPATHY

and HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS—ASSOCIATED POLYRADICULONEUROPATHY)

in Isaac syndrome 216 (includes ISAAC SYNDROME (SYNDROME OF CONTINUOUS MUSCLE FIBER ACTIVITY) and IDIOPATHIC

in neuromuscular junction disorders 261–262 268 271 273 (includes TICK PARALYSIS and CONGENITAL MYASTHENIC SYNDROMES)

in neuromuscular junction myopathies 299 (includes PARAMYOTONIA CONGENITA and ACETAZOLAMIDE-RESPONSIVE MYOTONIA and

FAMILIAL HYPOKALEMIC PERIODIC PARALYSIS) 301 (includes FAMILIAL HYPOKALEMIC PERIODIC PARALYSIS and KLEIN—LISAK—

ANDERSEN OR ANDERSEN—TAWIL SYNDROME) 302 (includes KLEIN—LISAK—ANDERSEN OR ANDERSEN—TAWIL SYNDROME and

MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA) 309 (includes DEBRANCHER ENZYME DEFICIENCY and BRANCHING ENZYME DEFICIENCY) 313 (includes

CARNITINE PALMITYLTRANSFERASE (CPT) DEFICIENCY and MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHIES)

in neuropathy

P.554

Trang 21

associated with amyloidosis 237 (includes NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH PRIMARY AMYLOIDOSIS and NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHY OF UNCERTAIN SIGNFICANCE (MGUS))

idiopathic autonomic 217 (includes IDIOPATHIC AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY and VASCULITIC NEUROPATHIES)

leprosy associated with 224

Lyme disease related to 226 (includes NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH LYME DISEASE and HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS— ASSOCIATED DISTAL SYMMETRIC POLYNEUROPATHY)

MGUS associated with 238 (includes NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHY OF UNCERTAIN SIGNFICANCE (MGUS) and NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH LEAD INTOXICATION)

Emesis, in barbiturate intoxication 510

Emotional expression, in pain control 333

Emotions, and pain 321 (includes PATHOPHYSIOLOGY and PROGNOSIS)

Empyema, cranial subdural 532–533 (includes BACTERIAL BRAIN ABSCESS and CRANIAL SUBDURAL EMPYEMA) 533 (includes CRANIAL SUBDURAL EMPYEMA and CRANIAL EPIDURAL ABSCESS)

Enalopril, in hemorrhagic stroke 384

Encephalitis

Encephalomyelitis, paraneoplastic 165–166 167–168 (includes PARANEOPLASTIC SYNDROMES OF THE EYE and PARANEOPLASTIC

SYNDROMES OF THE SPINAL CORD) 234 (includes PARANEOPLASTIC SENSORY NEUROPATHY/GANGLIONOPATHY and NEUROPATHY

ASSOCIATED WITH POEMS SYNDROME)

Encephalopathy

Endarterectomy, carotid 377

Endocrinopathies, as neurological complication 174–175

End-of-dose failure, defined 319 (includes Chronic Pain and BACKGROUND)

Endotracheal intubation, in spinal cord injury 19

Endovascular coiling, for subarachnoid hemorrhage 359 (includes SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE and SUBDURAL HEMATOMA)

Entacapone (Comtan), in Parkinson disease 393

Entrapment neuropathies 244–245 (includes CHRONIC IDIOPATHIC SENSORY OR SENSORIMOTOR POLYNEUROPATHY and

ENTRAPMENT/COMPRESSION NEUROPATHIES)

Environmental therapy See Behavioral/environmental therapy

Enzyme analysis, in neuromuscular junction myopathies 313 (includes CARNITINE PALMITYLTRANSFERASE (CPT) DEFICIENCY and

MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHIES) See also CK levels

Enzyme-inducing antiepileptic drugs (EIAEDs) 119

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in neuropathy related to Lyme disease 226 (includes NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH LYME DISEASE and HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS—ASSOCIATED DISTAL SYMMETRIC POLYNEUROPATHY)

Eosinophilia, in vasculitic neuropathies 219

Ependymal tumors 131–133

Epidemiology

Trang 22

of neuroepithelial tumors 131

of spinal/vertebral metastases 159

Epidermoid cyst 148 149 (includes CYSTS AND TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS and TUMORS OF THE SELLAR REGION)

Epidural abscess

cranial 533–534 (includes CRANIAL SUBDURAL EMPYEMA and CRANIAL EPIDURAL ABSCESS)

spinal 534–535 (includes CRANIAL EPIDURAL ABSCESS and SPINAL EPIDURAL ABSCESS)

Epidural hematoma (EDH) 11–12

Epidural steroid injection, for neck pain 82

Epilepsia partialis continua 63

Epilepsy 35

Epilepsy syndromes

Lennox-Gastaut syndrome 50–51

West syndrome 48–49

Epworth Sleepiness Scale 93 (includes Sleep Disorders and DISORDERS OF EXCESSIVE SOMNOLENCE) 94

Equivalence values, for morphine 329

Erythrocytes, in arsenic intoxication 241 (includes NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH ARSENIC INTOXICATION and NEUROPATHY

ASSOCIATED WITH VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY)

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Erythrocyticprotoporphyrin (EP) levels, in lead toxicity 494–495 496

Esmolol, in hemorrhagic stroke 384

Essential tremor See Tremor

Ethambutol, in tuberculous meningitis 526

Ethchlorvynol (Placidyl), poisoning with 511 (includes BARBITURATE INTOXICATION and STIMULANTS (AMPHETAMINES, COCAINE,

PHENCYCLIDINE))

Ethosuximide (ESX)

Ethyl alcohol, pharmacokinetics of 502–503 (includes ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR POISONING and ALCOHOL) See also Alcohol

toxicity

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), for heavy metal exposure 446

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) test, in lead toxicity 494–495 496

Evoked potential testing, in MS 182 See also Electrophysiologic findings

Executive dysfunction, medications for 413 414 415

Executive functions, defined 410 (includes Behavioral Neurology and Dementia and DISORDERS OF ATTENTION AND EXECUTIVE

FUNCTIONS)

Executive impairment, in Korsakoff syndrome 445

Exercise forearm test, in glycolysis disorders 310 (includes BRANCHING ENZYME DEFICIENCY and DYNAMIC GLYCOGEN STORAGE

Exertional headache 347 (includes EXERTIONAL HEADACHE and HYPNIC HEADACHE)

Experimental therapies, for neuroepithelial tumors 128

Extensor digiti minimi (EDB), atrophy of 86

Extraocular muscles, in muscular dystrophy 293 (includes OCULOPHARYNGEAL MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY and MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY TYPE

1 (DM1))

Extrapyramidal symptoms, in hepatic encephalopathy 478 (includes HEPATIC (PORTOSYSTEMIC) ENCEPHALOPATHY and

HYPEROSMOLALITY AND HYPERTONICITY)

Eyelid disorders See also Optic neuropathies

P.555

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Eyelids

in coma 3

in cranial nerve palsies 457

Eyelid surgery, in neuromuscular junction myopathies 315

Eye movements, roving 6

Trang 24

Samuels, Martin A

Manual of Neurologic Therapeutics, 7th Edition

F

Fabry disease 252–253 (includes FAMILIAL AMYLOID POLYNEUROPATHIES and FABRY DISEASE)

Facial expression, in muscular dystrophy 290 (includes CONGENITAL MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY and FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL MUSCULAR

DYSTROPHY)

Facial motor palsy 456–457

Facial nerve palsies, in neuropathy related to Lyme disease 226 (includes NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH LYME DISEASE and HUMAN

IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS—ASSOCIATED DISTAL SYMMETRIC POLYNEUROPATHY) See also Cranial nerve palsies

Facial pain

Facial sensation, in brain death 23

Facial weakness, in neuromuscular junction disorders 273 (includes TICK PARALYSIS and CONGENITAL MYASTHENIC SYNDROMES)

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) 290–291 (includes CONGENITAL MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY and FACIOSCAPULOHUMERAL

MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY)

Familial ALS (FALS) 194 (includes HEREDITARY SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA and AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS) See also Amylotrophic

lateral sclerosis

Fasciculations, in multifocal motor neuropathy 212

Fasting, in neuromuscular junction myopathies 313 (includes CARNITINE PALMITYLTRANSFERASE (CPT) DEFICIENCY and

MITOCHONDRIAL MYOPATHIES)

Fatal familial insomnia (FFI) 442

Fatigue See also Weakness

in fibromyalgia syndrome 325 (includes DIAGNOSIS and TREATMENT)

in MS 183

Febrile convulsions 51–52

Felbalmate (FBM)

Fentanyl, pharmacologic properties of 328

Ferric chloride test, in salicylate intoxication 515

Fever

Fibromyalgia syndrome 325 (includes DIAGNOSIS and TREATMENT)

Fingerprint body myopathy 305

Fluid-attenuation inversion recovery (FLAIR) 181

Flumazenil (Romazicon), in hepatic encephalopathy 478 (includes HEPATIC (PORTOSYSTEMIC) ENCEPHALOPATHY and

HYPEROSMOLALITY AND HYPERTONICITY)

Fluodrocortisone, in idiopathic autonomic neuropathy 217 (includes IDIOPATHIC AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY and VASCULITIC

NEUROPATHIES)

Fluorescent treponema antibody (FTA), in neurosyphilis 441

Folate deficiency 489–490

Folinic acid, in CNS toxoplasmosis 540

Forgetfulness, in HIV-associated dementia 538 See also Memory disorders

Fortification spectra 343 (includes MIGRAINE HEADACHE and MIGRAINE WITH AURA)

Fosphenytoin (fos-PHT)

in status epilepticus 62

Fourth cranial nerve palsies 454–455

Fractures, basal skull 10

Fragment, back pain caused by extruded 85

Freezing, in Parkinson disease 394

Friedreich ataxia 405–406 (includes HYPERKINETIC MOVEMENT DISORDERS and OTHER DISORDERS OF MOVEMENT) 407

Frontotemporal dementia 432–433

Fukuyama-type muscular dystrophy 289 (includes LIMB—GIRDLE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY and CONGENITAL MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY)

Functional MRI (fMRI)

for brain tumor 118

RBD on 112

Fundoscopic examination, in coma 2–3

Fungal meningitides

P.556

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for chronic pain 331

in diabetes-related neuropathy 231 (includes DIABETIC DISTAL SYMMETRIC SENSORY AND SENSORIMOTOR POLYNEUROPATHY and

DIABETIC RADICULOPLEXUS NEUROPATHY)

in epilepsy 39

for painful sensory neuropathies 228

pharmacodynamics of 41

in RLS 109

Gait, in Parkinson disease 389

Gait ataxia 405 (includes HYPERKINETIC MOVEMENT DISORDERS and OTHER DISORDERS OF MOVEMENT)

Gangliosides, in spinal cord injury 17

Gastric lavage, in barbiturate intoxication 510

Gate Control Theory 332

Gaze deviation, in coma 4–5

Gaze paralysis 460–461 (includes SKEW DEVIATIONS and GAZE PARALYSIS)

Generalized epilepsy with febrile seizure plus (GEFS+) 51

Genetics See also Counseling, genetic; Mutations

Genetic testing

in Huntington disease 435

in myotonic dystrophy 294 295 (includes MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY TYPE 1 (DM1) and MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY TYPE 2 OR PROXIMAL

MYOTONIC MYOPATHY and MYOTONIA CONGENITA)

in neuromuscular junction myopathies 297 298 (includes POTASSIUM-SENSITIVE PERIODIC PARALYSIS and PARAMYOTONIA

CONGENITA) 300

Germ cell tumors 146–147 (includes PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LYMPHOMA and GERM CELL TUMORS)

Germinomas 146 (includes PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LYMPHOMA and GERM CELL TUMORS)

Gerstmann-Straüssler-Scheinker syndrome (GSSS) 442

Giant cell arteritis, optic neuropathy in 463–464

Ginkgo biloba

in Alzheimer disease 430–431

for memory disorders 417–418

Glascow coma scale 9 9

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) 115 (includes Neurooncology and PRIMARY BRAIN TUMORS)

Glucose, for porphyric neuropathies 255

Glutethimide (Doriden), poisoning with 511 (includes BARBITURATE INTOXICATION and STIMULANTS (AMPHETAMINES, COCAINE,

PHENCYCLIDINE))

Glycogen, in neuromuscular junction myopathies 311 (includes DYNAMIC GLYCOGEN STORAGE DISORDERS and CARNITINE

DEFICIENCY)

P.557

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Gorlin syndrome 137

Grand mal seizures 34

Graves disease, myopathy of 453 (includes TRAUMA and MYOPATHY OF GRAVES DISEASE and MOTOR AXON DISEASE)

Guanfacine (Tenex), in Tourette syndrome 404

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) 24 169 204–206 273 (includes TICK PARALYSIS and CONGENITAL MYASTHENIC SYNDROMES)

Trang 27

Samuels, Martin A

Manual of Neurologic Therapeutics, 7th Edition

H

Hachinski Ischemic Score 438

Haemophilus influenzae meningitis 523–524 523

Hallervorden-Spatz disease 399

Hallucinations, in psychosis 426 (includes OTHER NEUROPSYCHIATRIC CONDITIONS and DEMENTIA)

Halo device 18

Haloperidol (Haldol)

Hamartoma, hypothalamic 148 149 (includes CYSTS AND TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS and TUMORS OF THE SELLAR REGION)

Headache See also Migraine headache

in carotid artery dissection 365–366 (includes CEREBRAL VEIN THROMBOSIS and CAROTID ARTERY DISSECTION)

in cerebral vein thrombosis 365 (includes CEREBRAL VEIN THROMBOSIS and CAROTID ARTERY DISSECTION)

chronic tension 350 (includes STABBING HEADACHE and TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA and CHRONIC TENSION HEADACHE) 352 (includes CHRONIC TENSION HEADACHE and TENSION-VASCULAR HEADACHE)

cluster 345–346 (includes NOCTURNAL MIGRAINE and CLUSTER HEADACHE)

in cranial epidural abscess 534 (includes CRANIAL EPIDURAL ABSCESS and SPINAL EPIDURAL ABSCESS)

in encephalitis 536

exertional 347 (includes EXERTIONAL HEADACHE and HYPNIC HEADACHE)

hemicrania continua 356 (includes HEMICRANIA CONTINUA and HYPERTENSIVE HEADACHE)

hemicrania paroxysma 348–349 (includes HYPNIC HEADACHE and PAROXYSMAL HEMICRANIA)

hypertensive 356–357 (includes HEMICRANIA CONTINUA and HYPERTENSIVE HEADACHE)

hypnic 348 (includes HYPNIC HEADACHE and PAROXYSMAL HEMICRANIA)

low spinal fluid pressure 364 (includes PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI and LOW SPINAL FLUID PRESSURE HEADACHE and CEREBRAL VEIN THROMBOSIS)

in meningitis 357–358 (includes HYPERTENSIVE HEADACHE and MENINGITIS)

migraine 338–343 (includes SINUS HEADACHE and MIGRAINE HEADACHE)

posttraumatic 355 (includes TENSION-VASCULAR HEADACHE and POSTTRAUMATIC HEADACHE and HEMICRANIA CONTINUA)

in pseudotumor cerebri 362–364 (includes TEMPORAL ARTERITIS and PSEUDOTUMOR CEREBRI)

rebound 353 354

sinus 337–338 (includes TENSION HEADACHE and SINUS HEADACHE)

sinus vacuum 337 (includes TENSION HEADACHE and SINUS HEADACHE)

stabbing 349–350 (includes PAROXYSMAL HEMICRANIA and STABBING HEADACHE)

stroke associated with 379

in subarachnoid hemorrhage 358–359 (includes MENINGITIS and SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE)

in subdural hematoma 359–360 (includes SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE and SUBDURAL HEMATOMA)

in temporal arteritis 361–362 (includes OPHTHALMIC ZOSTER and TEMPORAL ARTERITIS)

tension 336–337 (includes Headache and Facial Pain and TENSION HEADACHE)

tension vascular 353–355

thunderache 382

Head injury See also Traumatic brain injury

epidemiology of 8 (includes COMA and HEAD INJURY)

surgical management of 14 (includes HEAD INJURY and ACUTE SPINAL CORD INJURY)

Heart disease, in stroke patients 376

Heat, for headache 352 (includes CHRONIC TENSION HEADACHE and TENSION-VASCULAR HEADACHE)

Heat gain, excessive 517 (includes SALICYLATE INTOXICATION and HYPERTHERMIA)

Heat loss, defective 517 (includes SALICYLATE INTOXICATION and HYPERTHERMIA)

Heat stroke 517 (includes SALICYLATE INTOXICATION and HYPERTHERMIA) 518 (includes HYPERTHERMIA and NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME)

Heavy metal exposure 445–446

Heavy metal poisoning

Trang 28

Hemicrania

continua 356 (includes HEMICRANIA CONTINUA and HYPERTENSIVE HEADACHE)

paroxysma 348–349 (includes HYPNIC HEADACHE and PAROXYSMAL HEMICRANIA)

Hemicraniectomy, in stroke patients 375–376

Hemiparesis

Hemispherectomy, for status epilepticus 63

Hemodialysis

Hemorrhage, intraparenchymal 382 384 386 See also Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Hemorrhagic complications, in salicylate intoxication 516

Hemorrhagic stroke

Heparin See also Anticoagulation

in cerebral vein thrombosis 365 (includes CEREBRAL VEIN THROMBOSIS and CAROTID ARTERY DISSECTION)

in hemorrhagic stroke 383

Herniation syndromes, in head injury 12–13

Herpes varicella zoster, neuropathy related to 229–230 (includes HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS—ASSOCIATED

POLYRADICULONEUROPATHY and HERPES VARICELLA ZOSTER—RELATED NEUROPATHY)

Herxheimer-like reaction, in trichinosis 282 (includes TRICHINOSIS and CRITICAL ILLNESS MYOPATHY (ACUTE QUADRIPLEGIC

MYOPATHY))

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), in AIDS dementia 439 (includes NONNEURODEGENERATIVE DEMENTIA and DEMENTIA DUE

TO INFECTIOUS PROCESSES) 440

Histoplasma capsulatum 527 (includes TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS and FUNGAL MENINGITIS)

Holter monitoring, in myotonic dystrophy 294

HOPE trial 377

Hormonal therapy

in neuromuscular junction myopathies 315

in spinal metastases 161

Hormones, and neuronal excitability 57

Horner syndrome 451 (includes ASYMMETRIC PUPILS and DEGENERATIVE MYOPATHIES)

HSV

encephalitis caused by 535 (includes SPINAL EPIDURAL ABSCESS and ENCEPHALITIS) 536

Human immunodeficiency virus

neurologic complications

toxoplasmosis 539–540 540

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

dementia associated with 439 (includes NONNEURODEGENERATIVE DEMENTIA and DEMENTIA DUE TO INFECTIOUS PROCESSES)

distal symmetric polyneuropathy in 226 (includes NEUROPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH LYME DISEASE and HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY

VIRUS—ASSOCIATED DISTAL SYMMETRIC POLYNEUROPATHY)

polyradiculoneuropathy associated with 227 (includes HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS—ASSOCIATED DISTAL SYMMETRIC

POLYNEUROPATHY and HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS—ASSOCIATED POLYRADICULONEUROPATHY) 229 (includes HUMAN

IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS—ASSOCIATED POLYRADICULONEUROPATHY and HERPES VARICELLA ZOSTER—RELATED NEUROPATHY)

in tuberculous meningitis 526

Hunt and Hess grading system, for hemorrhagic stroke 382 383

Huntington disease 435

Huperzine A, for memory disorders 417

Hyaline body myopathy 305

Hydrochlorothiazide, for Ménière syndrome 72

Hydromorphone, pharmacologic properties of 328

5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT2) antagonists, in attention disorders 414

Hyperbaric oxygen, in radiation optic neuropathy 467 (includes RADIATION-INDUCED OPTIC NEUROPATHY and RETROGENICULATE

VISUAL FIELD LOSS and RETROBULBAR OPTIC NEURITIS)

P.558

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Hypercoagulability, venous sinus thromboses in 380 (includes ARTERIAL ISCHEMIC STROKE AND TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK and

CEREBRAL VENOUS SINUS THROMBOSIS)

malignant 357 (includes HYPERTENSIVE HEADACHE and MENINGITIS)

in stimulant intoxication 512 (includes STIMULANTS (AMPHETAMINES, COCAINE, PHENCYCLIDINE) and ANTICHOLINERGIC AND

POLYCYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANT TOXICITY)

treatment for 518 (includes HYPERTHERMIA and NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME)

in encephalitis 537 (includes ENCEPHALITIS and NEUROLOGIC COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY

Hypovolemic shock, in spinal cord injury 19

Hysteria, vision loss associated with 474

P.559

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in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies 278

for myasthenia gravis 263

in neuromuscular junction disorders 269 (includes LAMBERT—EATON MYASTHENIC SYNDROME and BOTULISM)

in stiff man/stiff person syndrome 201 (includes STIFF PERSON/STIFF LIMB SYNDROME and TETANUS) 409

Incident pain, defined 319 (includes Chronic Pain and BACKGROUND)

Indomethacin, for headache 348 (includes HYPNIC HEADACHE and PAROXYSMAL HEMICRANIA) 349–350 (includes PAROXYSMAL

HEMICRANIA and STABBING HEADACHE)

Indomethacin suppository, for migraine headache 341

Infantile spasms See West syndrome

Infants, botulism in 269–270 (includes LAMBERT—EATON MYASTHENIC SYNDROME and BOTULISM) 271 See also Neonates

Infection

in HIV 439 (includes NONNEURODEGENERATIVE DEMENTIA and DEMENTIA DUE TO INFECTIOUS PROCESSES)

Infection, CNS

bacterial abscess 531–532 531

bacterial meningitis 521–524 (includes Infections of the Central Nervous System and BACTERIAL MENINGITIS)

cranial epidural abscess 533–534 (includes CRANIAL SUBDURAL EMPYEMA and CRANIAL EPIDURAL ABSCESS)

cranial subdural empyema 532–533 (includes BACTERIAL BRAIN ABSCESS and CRANIAL SUBDURAL EMPYEMA) 533 (includes CRANIAL SUBDURAL EMPYEMA and CRANIAL EPIDURAL ABSCESS)

encephalitis 535–537 (includes SPINAL EPIDURAL ABSCESS and ENCEPHALITIS)

fungal meningitis 527–529 (includes TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS and FUNGAL MENINGITIS)

spinal 534–535 (includes CRANIAL EPIDURAL ABSCESS and SPINAL EPIDURAL ABSCESS)

tuberculous meningitis 524–527 (includes BACTERIAL MENINGITIS and TUBERCULOUS MENINGITIS)

viral meningitis 529–531 (includes FUNGAL MENINGITIS and VIRAL MENINGITIS)

Injection therapy

for back pain 90

for neck pain 82

Inner ear disease, autoimmune 74

Insecticides, organophosphorus 501 (includes CARBON MONOXIDE POISONING and ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITOR POISONING) Insomnia

Interferon (IFN) drugs

Trang 31

International League against Epilepsy (ILAE) 34

Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (INO) 5

Intraarterial therapies, for stroke patients 374

Intracranial arterial stenosis, in stroke patients 376

Intracranial compliance curve 27 28

Intracranial neoplasms, epidemiology of 149–150 (includes CYSTS AND TUMOR-LIKE LESIONS and TUMORS OF THE SELLAR REGION)

Intracranial pressure (ICP)

Intracranial pressure (ICP), elevated

in neuromuscular junction disorders 265–266 269 (includes LAMBERT—EATON MYASTHENIC SYNDROME and BOTULISM)

in stiff man/stiff person syndrome 201 (includes STIFF PERSON/STIFF LIMB SYNDROME and TETANUS) 409

Irradiation, secondary involvement of brain in 174 See also Radiation therapy

Isaac syndrome 169 215–216 (includes MULTIFOCAL ACQUIRED DEMYELINATING SENSORY AND MOTOR (MADSAM) NEUROPATHY and

ISAAC SYNDROME (SYNDROME OF CONTINUOUS MUSCLE FIBER ACTIVITY))

Ischemia

Isoniazid, in tuberculous meningitis 526

P.560

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