oracle 8 database administration volume 1 instruction guide phần 1 pot

SQL*Loader, SQL*Net, SQL*Plus, Net8, Oracle Call Interface, Oracle7, Oracle8, Developer/2000, Developer/2000 Forms, Designer/2000, Oracle Enterprise Manager, Oracle Parallel Server, Orac

Oracle8: Database Administration

Volume 1 • Instructor Guide

30020GC10

Production 1.0

March 1998

M06291

Copyright  Oracle Corporation, 1998 All rights reserved.

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Oracle8: Database Administration iii

Contents

Preface

Profile xii

Related Publications xiii

Typographic Conventions xiv

Curriculum Map

Oracle8 Database Administrator Curriculum xviii

Advanced DBA Curriculum xix

Introduction

Course Objectives I-3

Oracle8 Enterprise Edition I-4

Database Administrator Tasks I-5

Course Schedule I-6

Using the Server Manager 2-5

Oracle Enterprise Manager 2-9

Validating Privileged Users 3-5

Creating a Parameter File 3-14

Stages in Startup and Shutdown 3-19

Contents

Data Dictionary Structure 5-4

Constructing the Data Dictionary 5-11

Using Administrative Scripts 5-13

Administering Stored Procedures and Packages 5-15

Using the Control File 6-4

The Contents of the Control File 6-5

Obtaining Information About the Control File 6-7

Multiplexing the Control File 6-9

Summary 6-10

Objectives 7-3

Overview 7-4

Using Online Redo Files 7-5

LGWR, Log Switches, and Checkpoints 7-7

Archiving Redo Log Files 7-9

Obtaining Log and Archive Information 7-11

Controlling Log Switches and Checkpoints 7-17

Multiplexing and Maintaining Members and Groups 7-19

Relocating Online Redo Log Files 7-22

Dropping Online Redo Log Groups and Members 7-23

Clearing Online Redo Log Files 7-27

Planning Online Redo Logs 7-28

Troubleshooting 7-30

Summary 7-31

Oracle8: Database Administration v

Changing the Size of Tablespaces 8-16

Changing the Size of Data Files 8-18

Changing the Storage Settings 8-21

Taking Tablespaces Offline or Online 8-22

Moving Data Files 8-24

Read-Only Tablespaces 8-27

Dropping Tablespaces 8-30

Data Dictionary Information 8-32

Considerations in Creating Tablespaces 8-37

Objectives 9-3

Overview 9-4

Types of Segments 9-5

Using Block Space Utilization Parameters 9-16

Obtaining Information About Storage Structures 9-21

Planning the Location of Segments 9-25

Using Rollback Segments with Transactions 10-8

Planning Rollback Segments 10-13

Creating Rollback Segments 10-15

Maintaining Rollback Segments 10-21

Obtaining Rollback Segment Information 10-26

Troubleshooting Rollback Segment Problems 10-32

Summary 10-39

Objectives 11-3

Overview 11-4

Types of Temporary Segments 11-6

Allocating Space for Temporary Segments 11-9

Obtaining Temporary Segment Information 11-11

Summary 11-14

Contents

Objectives 12-3

Overview 12-4

Oracle Data Types 12-7

Creating a Table 12-16

Controlling Space Used by Tables 12-24

Retrieving Table Information 12-42

Integrity Constraints and Triggers 14-6

Implementing Constraints and Triggers 14-16

Maintaining Constraints and Triggers 14-20

Getting Constraint and Trigger Information 14-31

Using Index-Organized Tables 15-26

Retrieving Information About Index-Organized Tables 15-31

Summary 15-32

Objectives 16-3

Overview 16-4

Loading Data Using Direct-Load Insert 16-6

Loading Data Using SQL*Loader 16-9

Oracle8: Database Administration vii

Contents

Objectives 17-3

Overview 17-4

Creating New Database Users 17-7

Altering and Dropping Database Users 17-14

Controlling Usage of Resources 18-6

Altering and Dropping a Profile 18-14

Viewing Resource Limits 18-18

Granting System Privileges 19-8

Password File Authentication 19-10

Displaying System Privileges 19-13

Revoking System Privileges 19-17

Object Privileges 19-20

Granting Object Privileges 19-21

Displaying Object Privileges 19-23

Revoking Object Privileges 19-25

Controlling Availability of Roles 20-15

Displaying Role Information 20-27

Summary 20-28

Contents

Objectives 21-3

Overview 21-4

Using Database Auditing 21-7

Viewing Auditing Results 21-18

Choosing a Database and a National Character Set 22-6

Specifying Language-Dependent Behavior 22-12

NLS Parameters and SQL-Functions 22-20

NLS Parameters in SQL-Functions 22-22

Importing and Loading Data Using NLS 22-26

Obtaining Information About NLS Settings 22-27

Summary 22-32

Environment A-2

Exercise 1—Oracle Architectural Components A-3

Lab 2—Using Administration Tools A-5

Lab 3—Managing an Oracle Instance A-6

Lab 4—Creating a Database A-8

Lab 5—Creating Data Dictionary Views and Standard Packages A-9

Lab 6—Maintaining the Control File A-10

Lab 7—Maintaining Redo Log Files A-11

Lab 8—Managing Tablespaces and Data Files A-12

Lab 9—Storage Structure and Relationships A-13

Lab 10—Managing Rollback Segments A-14

Lab 11—Managing Temporary Segments A-15

Lab 12—Managing Tables A-16

Lab 13—Managing Indexes A-18

Lab 14—Maintaining Data Integrity A-20

Lab 15—Using Clusters and Index-Organized Tables A-22

Lab 16—Loading and Reorganizing Data A-23

Lab 17—Managing Users A-25

Lab 18—Managing Profiles A-26

Lab 19—Managing Privileges A-27

Lab 20—Managing Roles A-28

Lab 21—Auditing A-29

Lab 22—Using National Language Support A-30

Oracle8: Database Administration ix

Contents

Exercise 1—Oracle Architectural Components B-2

Lab 2—Using Administration Tools B-3

Lab 3—Managing an Oracle Instance B-4

Lab 4—Creating a Database B-7

Lab 5—Creating Data Dictionary Views and Standard Packages B-9

Lab 6—Maintaining the Control File B-10

Lab 7—Maintaining Redo Log Files B-11

Lab 8—Managing Tablespaces and Data Files B-13

Lab 9—Storage Structure and Relationships B-15

Lab 10—Managing Rollback Segments B-17

Lab 11—Managing Temporary Segments B-19

Lab 12—Managing Tables B-20

Lab 13—Managing Indexes B-22

Lab 14—Maintaining Data Integrity B-24

Lab 15—Using Clusters and Index-Organized Tables B-26

Lab 16—Loading and Reorganizing Data B-28

Lab 17—Managing Users B-30

Lab 18—Managing Profiles B-31

Lab 19—Managing Privileges B-33

Lab 20—Managing Roles B-34

Lab 21—Auditing B-35

Lab 22—Using National Language Support B-36

Exercise 1—Oracle Architectural Components C-2

Lab 2—Using Administration Tools C-4

Lab 3—Managing an Oracle Instance C-8

Lab 4—Creating a Database C-16

Lab 5—Creating Data Dictionary Views and Standard Packages C-20

Lab 6—Maintaining the Control File C-25

Lab 7—Maintaining Redo Log Files C-29

Lab 8—Managing Tablespaces and Data Files C-35

Lab 9—Storage Structure and Relationships C-40

Lab 10—Managing Rollback Segments C-47

Lab 11—Managing Temporary Segments C-56

Lab 12—Managing Tables C-60

Lab 13—Managing Indexes C-70

Lab 14—Maintaining Data Integrity C-78

Lab 15—Using Clusters and Index-Organized Tables C-87

Lab 16—Loading and Reorganizing Data C-92

Lab 17—Managing Users C-102

Lab 18—Managing Profiles C-105

Lab 19—Managing Privileges C-112

Lab 20—Managing Roles C-117

Contents

Lab 21—Auditing C-120

Lab 22—Using National Language Support C-121

Exercise 1—Oracle Architectural Components D-3

Lab 2—Using Administration Tools D-5

Lab 3—Managing an Oracle Instance D-9

Lab 4—Creating a Database D-18

Lab 5—Creating Data Dictionary Views and Standard Packages D-21

Lab 6—Maintaining the Control File D-25

Lab 7—Maintaining Redo Log Files D-28

Lab 8—Managing Tablespaces and Data Files D-34

Lab 9—Storage Structure and Relationships D-38

Lab 10—Managing Rollback Segments D-46

Lab 11—Managing Temporary Segments D-55

Lab 12—Managing Tables D-59

Lab 13—Managing Indexes D-68

Lab 14—Maintaining Data Integrity D-76

Lab 15—Using Clusters and Index-Organized Tables D-85

Lab 16—Loading and Reorganizing Data D-90

Lab 17—Managing Users D-100

Lab 18—Managing Profiles D-103

Lab 19—Managing Privileges D-110

Lab 20—Managing Roles D-115

Lab 21—Auditing D-118

Lab 22—Using National Language Support D-119

Oracle Certified Professional (OCP) Program:

Oracle Certified Database Administrator Track E-2

Oracle Database Administration: Sample Test E-3

Oracle Backup and Recovery: Sample Test E-5

Answers E-8

Registering for an OCP Test E-9

Preface

Preface

Profile

This course is designed to give the Oracle database administrator (DBA) a

firm foundation in basic administrative tasks The primary goal of this

course is to give the DBA the necessary knowledge and skills to set up,

maintain, and troubleshoot an Oracle database This course has been

designed for database administrators, technical support analysts, system

administrators, application developers, MIS managers, and other Oracle

users

This preface covers the following sections:

• Before You Begin This Course

• Prerequisites

• How This Course Is Organized

• How This Book Is Organized

• Related Publications

• Typographic Conventions

Before You Begin This Course

The specific skills you as a participant must have in order to derive the

maximum value from attending this course are:

• Familiarity with relational database concepts

• Thorough knowledge of SQL, SQL*Plus, and PL/SQL

• Basic operating system knowledge

• Working experience with Oracle

Prerequisites

• SQL 1

• PL/SQL Fundamentals

How This Course Is Organized

Oracle8: Database Administration is an instructor-led course featuring

lectures and hands-on exercises Online demonstrations, animation, and

written practice sessions reinforce the concepts and skills introduced The

course also uses challenge-level practice labs including scenarios and new

“drill-down” topics for NT users

In addition, bulletins form Oracle Worldwide Support that address the most

frequently asked questions are used to prepare participants to troubleshoot

“real-world” issues

This course contains clearly defined objectives designed to support

preparation for the Oracle Certified Professional examination.

Oracle8: Database Administration xiii

• System release bulletins

• Installation and Configuration Guides

• International Oracle User’s Group (IOUG) articles

• Oracle Magazine

Oracle8: Server Documentation Kit A54665

Oracle DBA Handbook, 7.3 Edition ISBN: 0-070882285

Oracle8: A Beginner’s Guide ISBN: 0-07-882393

Oracle Troubleshooting ISBN: 0-07-882388

Oracle: The Complete Reference ISBN: 0-07-882097

http://www.oracle.com

http://education.us.oracle.com

http://www.oramag.com

Preface

Typographic Conventions

Typographic Conventions Within Text

The following conventions are used within text:

Convention Object or Term Example

functions, column names, table names, PL/SQL objects, schemas

Use the SELECT command to view information stored in the LAST_NAME column of the EMP table.

syntax variables, usernames, passwords

Use the utlxplan.sql

script to create the EXCEPTIONS table.

Italics Books, names of

courses and manuals, and emphasized words or phrases

For further information on the subject see:

Oracle8 Server Utilities Manual.

In the simplest configuration known as a icated server, each server process

ded-services only one user process.

within a course

The redo log files are covered in more detail

in the lesson “Managing Redo Log Files.”

Oracle8: Database Administration xv

Typographic Conventions

Typographic Conventions Within Code

The following conventions are used within code:

Punctuation Within Command Syntax

Convention Object or Term Example

table name, filenames, PL/SQL objects

SELECT tablespace_name, status FROM dba_tablespaces;

that may be optional or mandatory

{SYSDBA|SYSOPER}

items appear separated by |, enter one of the items Do not enter the brackets or |.)

[PARALLEL|SHARED]

of the items separated by | Do not enter the braces or |.)

{ONLINE|OFFLINE}

SQL*Plus assumes the underlined value.)

{ONLINE|OFFLINE}

number of times.

filespec }

Preface

Curriculum

Map

Curriculum Map

Oracle8 Database Administrator Curriculum

The Oracle8 Database Administrator Curriculum is the industry’s most

comprehensive set of courses for the Oracle DBA The curriculum is

designed with one objective, to make you successful with Oracle

Each individual class is based on a set of key DBA tasks, and combines

comprehensive theoretical background and rigorous hands on applications

of the skills learned

We recommend you take Oracle8: Database Administration and Oracle8:

Backup and Recovery Workshop in quick succession Put your new skills

into practice for about three months of real-world experience before

sharpening your knowledge in Oracle8: Network Administration and

Oracle8: Performance Tuning Workshop.

Detailed course descriptions and availability are available from

Copyright  Oracle Corporation, 1998 All rights reserved.

Oracle8 Database Administrator

Specifics

PL/SQL Fundamentals

or

Oracle8: Backup and Recovery Workshop Oracle8: DatabaseAdministration

Oracle8: Network Administration

Oracle8: Performance Tuning Workshop

Advanced DBA Curriculum tracks

Oracle8: Database Administration xix

Advanced DBA Curriculum

Advanced DBA Curriculum

Following the core DBA track we have a range of courses to support advanced

options and specific operating systems Course availability varies by region Thisrepresents a subset of our course offerings

For a detailed list, course descriptions, and availability check our Web site:

http://education.oracle.com/

Copyright  Oracle Corporation, 1998 All rights reserved.

Advanced DBA Curriculum

Distributed Database

Oracle8: Distributed Database

Oracle8: Advanced Replication

Parallel Operations

Oracle7/8: Parallel Server Implementation

Oracle7/8: Advanced Replication

Oracle for IBM RS6000/SP

Technology Upgrade

Oracle8: New Features for Administration

Oracle8: New Features for Developers

Oracle8: Oracle Call Interface Extension

Oracle Enterprise Manager

Oracle Rdb

Introduction to Oracle Rdb Rdb for DBAs

Rdb Performance Tuning Rdb for NT

Curriculum Map