Department of Defense Energy Manager’s Handbook phần 10 pdf

PWO - Public Works Office/Officer REEP - Renewables and Energy Efficiency Planning ROICC - Resident Officer in Charge of Construction SAF - Secretary of the Air Force SBC - Single Buildi

PWO - Public Works Office/Officer

REEP - Renewables and Energy Efficiency Planning

ROICC - Resident Officer in Charge of Construction SAF - Secretary of the Air Force

SBC - Single Building Controller

SECNAV - Secretary of the Navy

SEER - Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio

SNL - Sandia National Laboratory

TREC - Tri-Service Renewable Energy Commission

UCAR - Utilities Cost Analysis Report

UESC Utilities Energy Services Contract

UPV* - Modified Uniform Present Value

URMT - Utility Rates Management Team

USAF - United States Air Force

USDA - US Department of Agriculture

Appendix B: Frequently-Asked Questions

Q1: What goals are established for DoD energy managers?

A1: DoD agencies are tasked to reduce energy use in standard buildings by at least 30%

by FY2005 compared to FY85 and by 35% by 2010 (excluding facilities covered by section

203 of EO 13123) They are tasked to reduce energy consumption in industrial and laboratory facilities by 20% by FY2005 and 25% by FY2010 respectively relative to FY90 They are also to implement all energy and water conservation projects that are life cycle cost effective Q2: What is the legislative basis of DoD energy management programs?

A2: The most recent legislation was the Energy Policy Act of 2005, Public Law 109-190, and most recent Executive Order was EO 13123 in 1999 Energy managers should consult the DoD OSD/IRM web site and their major command for the latest guidance

Q3: What happens if I can’t reduce energy use by 30% cost-effectively at my installation? A3: Legislation and executive orders cited clearly specify life cycle cost effectiveness as the overriding criteria behind federal investment in energy efficiency A literal interpretation

is that if 30% reduction is not cost-effective, then it would not be required However, 30% reduction is a DoD-wide (and service-wide) goal Based on current energy/water technology and cost, 30% appears to be an achievable goal for the DoD as a whole, and for each service

as a whole How application of that goal will be applied at the installation level where

energy/water costs and use characteristics may be different from the norm is left to the

service All DoD energy managers should strive to meet established goals and should clearly document any situations which might detract from meeting those goals or which suggest that further investment in conservation would not be financially justified

Q4: How do I finance all these energy and water conservation projects I have identified? A4: Where possible, projects should be funded using “in-house” funds However, ESPC, UESC and DSM programs will have to be used to fund many projects based on current limitations in budget allocations for energy and water projects See Chapter 13 for a detailed discussion of project funding and consult your service’s chapter and/or your

MACOM/MAJCOM energy coordinator for more detailed and current information

Q5: How do you decide if an energy/water project makes economic sense, i.e., is effective?”

“cost-A5: The FEMP web site provides a publication “Guidance of Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Required by Executive Order 13123” dated 8 January 2003 Consult Chapter 14 for a detailed

discussion of life cycle costing, decision criteria, and other references The link at the FEMP site is: http://www.eere.energy.gov/femp/pdfs/lcc_guide_rev2.pdf

Q6: What reports do I have to submit on a regular basis?

A6: Defense Utility Energy Reporting System (DUERS) data is generally submitted monthly by the installation For specific information on energy reporting requirements, consult Chapter 6, your service chapter, and guidance from your major command/claimant energy office

Q7: Why is energy conservation frequently mentioned in conjunction with environmental initiatives?

A7: Energy conservation is a component of environmental initiatives because generation and use of energy usually involves production of environmental emissions that reportedly contribute to problems such as global warming and acid rain For this reason, EPA and other environmental agencies target energy programs as a pollution prevention opportunity For a detailed discussion of the energy/environmental connection, see Chapter 7

Q8: I am overwhelmed by the size and complexity of my job as an energy manager Where besides DoD can I get assistance to help meet my energy goals?

A8: Locally, the best sources of information and, perhaps, financial assistance, are utility suppliers (or potential suppliers) Since DoD installations are frequently the largest energy consumers in an area, they have considerable “clout” with suppliers who want to maintain the stability of sales to a large user, and are therefore interested in keeping the customer happy Local chapters of energy-related professional societies are good sources of continuing

education and networking opportunities State energy offices sponsor programs unique to their state in coordination with many national programs Many other organizations have energy or water conservation-related missions and may offer information resources Consult Appendix C for a detailed listing of organizations and contact information

Q9: Does the installation get to keep a portion of energy savings from projects they

implement?

A9: Congress established a federal model of retention of energy savings in 10 USC 2865 which allows for Service and Defense agencies to retain two-thirds of their energy cost savings each year Half of those energy savings were to be applied to additional energy-saving projects The other half could be used for installation “quality of life” projects While

a sound model, the plan has not been totally successful in actual practice Energy managers should consult their major command/claimant for specific guidance on retention of energy savings ESPC provides a built-in method of savings-retention by providing for payment of capital amortization of the project out of energy funds The capital amortization may include related operation and maintenance costs This effectively provides a mechanism to retain savings although no funds are available for non-energy projects

Q10: What happens if energy management goals or initiatives conflict with DoD’s mission? A10: DoD’s primary mission always takes precedence over energy-reduction initiatives and goals The job of the DoD energy manager is to look for ways to help achieve the primary mission in the most energy-efficient manner possible and to help insure a safe and secure energy supply A program which compromises personnel safety, comfort, or productivity will not be successful in the long-term Fortunately, energy goals can usually be met using

technology which can improve comfort and productivity, upgrade the facility infrastructure,

and still meet established criteria for cost-effectiveness.

Appendix C: Energy-Related Organizations

Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Institute (ARI)

4301 North Fairfax Drive, Suite 425

American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE)

1001 Connecticut Ave, NW Suite 801

American Hospital Association (AHA)

840 North Lake Shore Drive

Chicago, IL 60611

tel: (312) 280-6000

American Institute of Plant Engineers (AIPE)

8180 Corporate Park Drive, Suite 305

American Solar Energy Society (ASES)

2400 Central Ave, Suite G-1

Boulder, CO 80301

tel: (303) 443-3130

fax: (303)443-3212

email: ases~ases.org

http:flwww.engr.wisc.edu/ases.org/solar

American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and

Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)

Association of Energy Engineers

4025 Pleasantdale Road, Suite 420

Atlanta, GA 30340

tel: (404) 447-5083

Association of Home Appliance Manufacturers (AHAM)

20 N Wacker Drive, Suite 1500

Chicago, IL 60606

tel:(312)984-5800

home appliances and air conditioners

Business Council for a Sustainable Energy Future

Center for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Technology (CREST)

777 N Capitol Street, NE, Suite 805

Washington, DC 20009

Global Environment & Technology Foundation

7010 Little River Turnpike

Industrial Energy Advisory Service (IdEA$)

The University of Alabama in Huntsville

Johnson Research Center

International Institute for Energy Conservation

750 First Street NE Suite 940

Lawrence Berkeley Laboratories

Energy and Environment Division

1250 Maryland Ave, 5W, Suite 500

Washington, DC 20024

tel: (202) 484-0880

Motor Challenge Program

U.S Department of Energy

National BioEnergy Industries Association

National Small Power Clearinghouse

West Virginia University

New York State Energy Research and Development Authority

2 Empire State Plaza, Suite 1901

Photovoltaics for Utilities

15 Haydn Street

Boston, MA 02131-4013

tel: (617) 323-7377

fax: (617) 325-6738

Photovoltaic Systems Assistance Center

Sandia National Laboratory

Renewable Fuels Association

One Massachusetts Ave, NW, Suite 820

Rocky Mountain Institute

1739 Snowmass Creek Road

Safe Energy Communication Council

1717 Massachusetts Ave, NW, Suite 805

Photovoltaic Systems Assistance Center Division 6212 tel: (505) 844-6111

Solar Thermal Design Assistance Center Division 6216 tel: (505) 844-3077

Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA)

U.S Army Corps of Engineers

Institute for Water Resources

email: iwr@net.hqusace.army.mil

U.S Army Corps of Engineers

Engineer Research Development Center

Construction Engineering Research Laboratory

2902 Newmark Dr

Champaign, IL 61822

Tel: (217) 352-6511 or 800-USA-CERL

http://www.cecer.army.mil

U.S Department of Commerce

National Technical Information Service (NTIS)

5285 Port Royal Road

U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics

World Resources Institute

1709 New York Ave, NW

7th Floor

Appendix D: Energy Audit Guidelines/Checklists

Energy Audit Guidelines

Introduction

The following is intended as a guide to a "fresh caught energy manager" who was just given the challenge to reduce energy consumption on a military installation and who may not have any idea how to start Some of these steps may seem intuitively

obvious, but are still sometimes overlooked by more experienced people looking for more sophisticated problems

Preparation

1 Get a copy of the facility as-built drawings; study the drawings to get familiar with the floor plan and mechanical and electrical systems

2 Get audit equipment (see Chapter 9 for additional information):

a Pocket or digital thermometer with a submersible probe

b Flat head and Phillips screwdriver

c Flashlight

d Stepladder (4 or 6 foot)

e Note pad, pen/pencil

f Retractable tape measure

3 Contact facility manager, ask and note the function, days/hours of operation and number of people in the facility Schedule time to accomplish facility audit; (always include facility manager in initial walk-through.)

4 Get operations and maintenance information to determine the actual level of maintenance performed and the number/type of trouble calls and/or requests for service For Air Force go to Civil Engineering Production Control Section; for Army go to Directorate of Public Works or Directorate of Engineering and

Housing Work Order Help Office; for Navy/Marines go to Public Works Facility Maintenance Contract Group or Planning and Estimating Group Ask for last 6 to

12 months of data This will be helpful in spotting problem areas, determining repairs required or the level of retrofit needed Solicit assistance from operations and maintenance technicians responsible for and knowledgeable in the specific infrastructure systems

5 Study utility supply and pricing information Identify all utilities used and

compile available data on past use If no consumption data is available, consider doing short-term monitoring to characterize utility consumption and demand characteristics Obtain copies of all pertinent rate schedules Note location of utility metering points and characteristics of distribution system Talk to utility representatives and get their assistance in studying options available to reduce price, improve reliability, and upgrade infrastructure

Conduct On-Site Audit

HVAC and/or controls are broken), repair/replace as necessary

4 Check for air gaps around doors and windows (1/16 inch or greater.) Action: initiate proper documents to repair/replace

Exterior Lighting

1 Check for exterior lights that are on during daylight hours Action: turn off, initiate proper documents to repair/replace, or install sensors/clocks/switches as required for automatic operation

2 Find out what device controls security lighting: switch, circuit breaker or time clock If clock, is it operational? Does it show the correct time of day and day of the week? If pin actuated, are they installed properly in order to perform the correct function? Action: repair/replace/calibrate as necessary

Interior Walk-Through

Do an interior walk-through of the facility to assess how the building is used and zoned, HVAC system types and characteristics, domestic water heating, lighting and other electrical systems, and plug load or other specialized equipment:

Building Use and Zoning

1 Using available drawings, fire plans, or other sketches, draw in the existing walls, doors and windows, if different than shown on the drawings (often walls/doors added or removed after original construction will result in poor conditioned air circulation and personnel discomfort; hot/cold temperatures, stagnant air, irritable and/or tired personnel, etc.) Action: get a copy of marked up drawings to CADD personnel for drawing update Keep a copy; use it for facility upgrade, energy retrofit projects

HVAC Equipment

1 Locate the HVAC equipment Note the general appearance and check for obvious problems such as: loose belts, noisy bearings, excessive vibration, dirty filters, water leaking, air leaking, open ducts, oil spots on floor or equipment, pipe insulation missing or in need of repair, unusual noise or equipment short-cycling,

damper motor/linkage inoperative or disconnected, pneumatic air compressor/air dryer working correctly (ask your HVAC technicians to show you what to look for and how to do some simple tests; e.g., plugged in, frozen up, correct system pressure, clean/dry air, water/oil in the storage tank, short cycling.) Action: initiate proper documents to have necessary repairs accomplished by appropriate personnel

2 Using the mechanical drawings, draw in the existing location and physical size of all supply, return and exhaust diffusers/registers if different than shown on the plans Locate and draw in all exhaust fans/systems if not shown on the drawings Check for proper operation Action: get a copy of marked up drawings to CADD personnel for drawing update Keep a copy; use it for facility upgrade, energy retrofit projects

3 Talk to facility occupants about any hot/cold spots and note on drawings Action: work with facility manager to relocate desks/work areas, if possible Initiate proper documents to check heating/cooling/exhaust system, balance air system, make minor modifications to duct system

4 Check and note control system thermostat/sensor location and look for obvious damage: (missing covers, broken, disfigured, leaking air, etc.) Action: initiate proper documents to have controls repaired/replaced

5 Check if all energy/utility systems in the facility have EMCS installed Action: insure EMCS is operational and work with EMCS system manager to prepare proper documents for upgrading EMCS as needed to include all energy/utilities systems and functions

6 Note location, size and number of space heaters found during the walk through Action: initiate proper documents to check facility central heating system, air balance system, make minor modifications to duct system Objectives are;

customer satisfaction and get rid of space heaters Keep a copy; use it for facility upgrade, energy retrofit projects

7 Note location, size and number of window type air conditioners found Action: initiate proper documents to check facility central cooling system, air balance system, make minor modifications to duct system Objectives are; customer satisfaction and get rid of individual window type units Keep a copy; use it for facility upgrade, energy retrofit projects

Lighting System

1 Count and note number/type of light fixtures in each room or area Count and note type of exit signs Action: initiate proper documents to retrofit facility with energy efficient lighting system Retrofits can be done separately by facility or included in a multi-facility energy project In older facilities with significant ballast replacements, retrofit an entire room rather than replace several magnetic ballasts

2 Note areas that have modular type furniture and task lighting available Action: initiate proper documents to de-lamp space lighting in favor of task lighting wherever possible

3 Note any areas where you cannot turn the lights off via a wall switch in the immediate area Action: initiate proper documents to have switch relocated or installed as needed (This is a good time to retrofit system with automatic devices,

if practical or more economically sound.)