kinh t v mô
b n th n m
N Gregory Mankiw
Bài gi ng c a Ph m Th Anh
pham.theanh@yahoo.com (d ch và s a theo bài gi ng c a Ron Cronovich)
CH NG 9
Gi i thi u v Nh ng
Bi n ng Kinh T
© 2002 Worth Publishers, all rights reserved CHAPTER 9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations slide 1
M c tiêu c a ch ng
#$%& ' ( % ) $#*+
- / 0 12
CHAPTER 9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations slide 2
T ng tr ng GDP
T ng tr ng GDP th c t M
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
% thay i
so v i 4 quý
tr c ó
T c t ng
bình = 3.5%
CHAPTER 9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations slide 3
Th i gian
6 / - 2< =
-$> %
N n kinh t s v n hành r t khác khi
giá c c ng nh c.
Theo Lý thuy t Kinh t V mô C i n,
G6 7%& $%& H 9) $> I<*, 4
J
$) 7%& L
L
Khi giá c là c ng nh c
> (8
"I> $= I<
9$
Trang 2CHAPTER 9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations slide 6
Mô hình T ng cung T ng c u
$> % )
CHAPTER 9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations slide 7
T ng c u
- 7%& L
A ZO 9) G17%& [ L
\ %B ]^D]_ * # 7O 9)
CHAPTER 9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations slide 8
Ph ng trình S l ng
Ph ng trình S l ng
v i vai trò T ng C u
7%& "
b 4
? Y F b
$" b]Y b 17% 9#L
CHAPTER 9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations slide 9
ng AD d c xu ng
- 7
)
? Y F8
0
S d ch chuy n c a ng AD
S d ch chuy n c a ng AD
> 9#
* 6 L
X3] X3_
T ng Cung trong Dài H n
[ 8 6 7%& $%& H 9) $> I<
8
=
- 6 7%& $" e 7 )$%& ' ( )L
/[ ( 2 " f7 T *
Trang 3CHAPTER 9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations slide 12
T ng Cung trong Dài H n
[ 8 6 7%& $%& H 9) $> I<
h $- 4
8
=
CHAPTER 9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations slide 13
T ng Cung trong Dài H n
ZgXG
U%V ZgXG
h
$ 6 7%&
( L
CHAPTER 9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations slide 14
Hi u ng dài h n c a s gia t ng M
X3] X3_
ZgXG
> 9#
$%V X3
*6 L
]
_
P 9 A 6
7%& 9
$ L
CHAPTER 9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations slide 15
T ng Cung trong Ng n H n
-L
-= - $> % P
- $"L
ng t ng cung ng n h n
GgXG
U%V GgXG 7
R- 1$>
=
-$> % 8
*I <
" L
Hi u ng ng n h n c a s gia t ng M
X3] X3_
P
[
6 7
7%& d L
GgXG
_ ]
Trang 4CHAPTER 9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations slide 18
T ng n h n n dài h n
2 L l $"8 0 m d 9 6 n
>
<
=
d 6 $
8 )
! "# $ %& ! '
! "# $ %& ! '
, "# /0
CHAPTER 9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations slide 19
Hi u ng SR & LR c a ∆∆∆∆ M > 0
X3] X3_
ZgXG
GgXG
_
_
X b + IS
I $
X o
\
o b + IS
\ b + IS
CHAPTER 9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations slide 20
S c!!!
:
( L
" f7 M %V m ' (
CHAPTER 9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations slide 21
ZgXG
X3_ GgXG
Hi u ng c a m t cú s c c u b t l i
X3]
_
_
\0 1 7 >
) 6 7%&
X o
\
9# M
$%V ( L
Các cú s c cung
? k $%& M7 $ 123 * $F
[ V ) T 7 6 6 7%& s (8 $q9
7%B L
Nghiên c u tình hu ng:
Các cú s c d u m 1970s
Trang 5CHAPTER 9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations slide 24
X3 ZgXG
_
\0 1 >
9# $%V GgXG 7A
7%& 7 6 L
X
o
l " A
m 6
) 9#
( L
Nghiên c u tình hu ng:
Các cú s c d u m 1970s
X
CHAPTER 9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations slide 25
Nghiên c u tình hu ng:
Các cú s c d u m 1970s
; - $%&
4
{ 6 7%& ↓
P $"7 H
! e*( ` `L 0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
1973 1974 1975 1976 1977
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
Change in oil prices (left scale) Inflation rate-CPI (right scale) Unemployment rate (right scale)
CHAPTER 9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations slide 26
Nghiên c u tình hu ng:
Các cú s c d u m 1970s
]it^4
7 d 8 +9
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
1977 1978 1979 1980 1981
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
Change in oil prices (left scale) Inflation rate-CPI (right scale) Unemployment rate (right scale)
CHAPTER 9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations slide 27
Nghiên c u tình hu ng:
Các cú s c d u m 1980s
]iE^4 }69 = 0
1 "7&D
L
; % !
I 8 7
* 6 4
-50%
-40%
-30%
-20%
-10%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
Change in oil prices (left scale) Inflation rate-CPI (right scale) Unemployment rate (right scale)
Chính sách n nh
$> f4 $= ,
IT 7&4
n nh s n l ng
n nh s n l ng
v i chính sách ti n t
X3]
o
X
_
ZgXG
\0 1
IT 7& >
9#
)$)
$ # oL
Trang 6CHAPTER 9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations slide 30
n nh s n l ng
n nh s n l ng
v i chính sách ti n t
]
X3]
o
X
\
_
ZgXG
X3_
[ 9 A p
,
L
) H6 7 4
1 s
!<
-( L
CHAPTER 9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations slide 31
Tóm t t ch ng
]L 3 4 6 7 8 6 7%&
7 7 < - A8 7O 9)
$ # $%& * ( L
-AL
CHAPTER 9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations slide 32
Tóm t t ch ng
!6 7%& *( =
6L
I< ! 6 7 - < - $>
% L
CHAPTER 9 Introduction to Economic Fluctuations slide 33
Tóm t t ch ng
yL \ 0 1 $1
L