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Yoo, John, ‘International Law and the War in Iraq’, (2003) 97 American Journal of International Law563 576

Young, Robert J C., Postcolonialism: An Historical Introduction (Oxford: Blackwell,

2001)

Zimmern, Alfred, ‘International Law and Social Consciousness’, (1935) 20

Transactions of the Grotius Society25 44

complicity with colonialism,241,242

post-colonial foreign investment

disputes,223,225 226

sources of law for internationalcontracts,226 235,237 238Asia

1997 crisis,256Asian Values,255 256,271capitulations,85,87 90colonial period,108degree of civilisation,61economic development,255 256legal systems,228,229

and rule of law,200sovereign states,58Asquith of Bishopstone, Lord,227,228,

229,238,242,243assimilation

and sovereignty,66techniques,66,67 90Atlantic Charter 1941,212Austin, John

customary law,46definition of law,45,62,99definition of sovereignty,58,88,99influence,44 46,57,63

and international law,5,34,41,44 46,

50,64AustraliaAborigines,83,112mandate power,121and Nauru,1,144,175,187,218

terra nullius,33,111Austria,92,181Austro-Hungarian Empire,119Axis of Evil,277 278,306

last colonial conference,137

and native agreements,240

new colonial phase,69

trade,92,97,252

bilateral investment treaties,236

Bismarck, Otto von,97,252

and good governance,258 263

IMF see IMF

successors to Mandate System,191 192,

Chatterjeee, Partha,205 206Chimni, B S.,246

China,58,72 73,85,138,259,319Christians

just war,26and pagans,26 27,29right to sovereignty,26civilisation

compliance with civilisation standards,

67,84 87and native customs,168 170sacred trust of civilisation,120 121,122standards and Mandate System,150and trade,252 253

and United States,307civilised uncivilised dichotomybackward/advanced,189 190enduring idea,288 289

in non-western countries,319 320and international law,4,310 311and Kant,295 297

and new international law,110positivism,52 56,62 63,70,112,252and sovereignty,99

civilising missionBerlin Conference,96,194Bretton Woods Institutions,193coloniser colonised relation,318 319good governance,114,249,292,313human rights,114,292

legal justification,3 4Mandate System,165,316new versions,114,292operation,6 7post-colonial persistence,199rhetoric,310 311

scientific approach,185through history,113 114transformation of the other,298violence of vocabulary,38war against terror,291,292,309classification

non-civilised,61,78and positivists,50,51 52,78Cold War, end,245,248,254colonialism

administration,34,157 158,168 171centrality in international law,2 3,4 5,36 37,64 65,310 311

colonial administration,182 186complicity of international law,36,109,241 244,268 272

and emerging transnational law,223 226

exploitation,2,7,208,218

nature of colonial encounter,64 65

new imperialism see new imperialism

century see

reasons for persistence,316 317

trade see trade

consent,240,241internalisation of contracts,226,235 236

new imperialism,241 242sources of law,226 235,237 238stabilisation clauses,232,234,238state contracts with aliens,226 236,237 238

Cooper, Robert,279,296Corbett, Percy,132Crawford, James,2,206critical race theory,8,289 291crusades,275

cultural differencesbasis of international law,103,318colonial subordination,7

dynamic of difference,267,311exclusion by international law,315 316historical constant,315 316

human rights,255justification for war,298and Mandate System,117,155,189 190,204

native cultures see native cultures

positivism,37,40,56,315 316post-colonial period,203 204,205and post-war international law,200and sovereignty,37

and universalism,200Vitoria,22 23,28 29,31,54,311war on terror,274,309

customary lawnature,44nineteenth-century status,45 47,62and non-civilised countries,54Dahomey,59

d’Andrade, Freire,161 162Darwin, Charles,48,314decolonisation

period,115,196universalisation of international law,196 198,199 204

democracycivil states,296,307and civilising mission,292democratisation of rogue states,277,280

and good governance,255 257and human rights,250and international law,134Iraq,280

solution to terrorism,285