HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES - CHARLES A. BEARD Part 10 ppsx

Development of the American system of government.. First United States bank notes 167.. Second United States bank notes 257... State bank notes 258.. The first United States bank 167.. F

A TOPICAL SYLLABUS

As a result of a wholesome reaction against the purely chronological treatment of history, there is now a marked tendency in the direction of a purely topical handling of the subject The topical method, however, may also be pushed too far Each successive stage of any topic can be understood only in relation to the forces of the time For that reason, the best results are reached when there is a combination of the chronological and the topical methods It is therefore suggested that the teacher first follow the text closely and then review the subject with the aid of this topical syllabus The references are to pages

Immigration

I Causes: religious (1-2 4-11, 302), economic (12-17, 302-303), and political (302-303)

II Colonial immigration

1 Diversified character: English, Scotch-Irish, Irish, Jews, Germans and other peoples (6-12)

2 Assimilation to an American type; influence of the land system (23-25, 411)

3 Enforced immigration: indentured servitude, slavery, etc (13-17)

III Immigration between 1789-1890

1 Nationalities: English, Irish, Germans, and Scandinavians (278, 302-303)

2 Relations to American life (432-433, 445)

IV Immigration and immigration questions after 1890

1 Change in nationalities (410-411)

2 Changes in economic opportunities (411)

3 Problems of congestion and assimilation (410)

4 Relations to labor and illiteracy (582-586)

5 Oriental immigration (583)

6 The restriction of immigration (583-585)

Expansion of the United States

I Territorial growth

1 Territory of the United States in 1783 (134 and color map)

2 Louisiana purchase, 1803 (188-193 and color map)

3 Florida purchase, 1819 (204)

4 Annexation of Texas, 1845 (278-281)

5 Acquisition of Arizona, New Mexico, California, and other territory at close of Mexican War,

1848 (282-283)

6 The Gadsden purchase, 1853 (283)

7 Settlement of the Oregon boundary question, 1846 (284-286)

8 Purchase of Alaska from Russia, 1867 (479)

9 Acquisition of Tutuila in Samoan group, 1899 (481-482)

10 Annexation of Hawaii, 1898 (484)

11 Acquisition of Porto Rico, the Philippines, and Guam at close of Spanish War, 1898

(493-494)

13 Purchase of Danish West Indies, 1917 (593)

14 Extension of protectorate over Haiti, Santo Domingo, and Nicaragua (593-594)

II Development of colonial self-government

3 In the Civil War (353-354)

4 In the Spanish-American War (492)

5 In the Caribbean region (512-519)

6 In the Pacific (447-448, 481)

7 The rôle of the American navy (515)

The Westward Advance of the People

I Beyond the Appalachians

1 Government and land system (217-231)

2 The routes (222-224)

3 The settlers (221-223, 228-230)

4 Relations with the East (230-236)

II Beyond the Mississippi

1 The lower valley (271-273)

2 The upper valley (275-276)

III Prairies, plains, and desert

1 Cattle ranges and cowboys (276-278, 431-432)

2 The free homesteads (432-433)

3 Irrigation (434-436, 523-525)

IV The Far West

1 Peculiarities of the West (433-440)

2 The railways (425-431)

3 Relations to the East and Europe (443-447)

4 American power in the Pacific (447-449)

The Wars of American History

I Indian wars (57-59)

II Early colonial wars: King William's, Queen Anne's, and King George's (59)

III French and Indian War (Seven Years' War), 1754-1763 (59-61)

IV Revolutionary War, 1775-1783 (99-135)

V The War of 1812, 1812-1815 (193-201)

VI The Mexican War, 1845-1848 (276-284)

VII The Civil War, 1861-1865 (344-375)

VIII The Spanish War, 1898 (485-497)

IX The World War, 1914-1918 [American participation, 1917-1918] (596-625)

Government

I Development of the American system of government

1 Origin and growth of state government

a The trading corporation (2-4), religious congregation (4-5), and proprietary system (5-6)

b Government of the colonies (48-53)

c Formation of the first state constitutions (108-110)

d The admission of new states (see Index under each state)

e Influence of Jacksonian Democracy (238-247)

f Growth of manhood suffrage (238-244)

g Nullification and state sovereignty (180-182, 251-257)

h The doctrine of secession (345-346)

i Effects of the Civil War on position of states (366, 369-375)

j Political reform—direct government—initiative, referendum, and recall (540-544)

2 Origin and growth of national government

a British imperial control over the colonies (64-72)

b Attempts at intercolonial union—New England Confederation, Albany plan (61-62)

c The Stamp Act Congress (85-86)

d The Continental Congresses (99-101)

e The Articles of Confederation (110-111, 139-143)

f The formation of the federal Constitution (143-160)

g Development of the federal Constitution

(1) Amendments 1-11—rights of persons and states (163)

(2) Twelfth amendment—election of President (184, note)

(3) Amendments 13-15—Civil War settlement (358, 366, 369, 370, 374, 375)

(4) Sixteenth amendment—income tax (528-529)

(5) Seventeenth amendment—election of Senators (541-542)

(6) Eighteenth amendment—prohibition (591-592)

(7) Nineteenth amendment—woman suffrage (563-568)

3 Development of the suffrage

a Colonial restrictions (51-52)

b Provisions of the first state constitutions (110, 238-240)

c Position under federal Constitution of 1787(149)

d Extension of manhood suffrage (241-244)

e Extension and limitation of negro suffrage (373-375, 382-387)

f Woman suffrage (560-568)

II Relation of government to economic and social welfare

1 Debt and currency

a Colonial paper money (80)

b Revolutionary currency and debt (125-127)

c Disorders under Articles of Confederation (140-141)

d Powers of Congress under the Constitution to coin money (see Constitution in the Appendix)

e First United States bank notes (167)

f Second United States bank notes (257)

g State bank notes (258)

h Civil War greenbacks and specie payment (352-353, 454)

i The Civil War debt (252)

j Notes of National Banks under act of 1864 (369)

k Demonetization of silver and silver legislation (452-458)

l The gold standard (472)

m The federal reserve notes (589)

n Liberty bonds (606)

2 Banking systems

a The first United States bank (167)

b The second United States bank—origin and destruction (203, 257-259)

c United States treasury system (263)

a British colonial system (69-72)

b Disorders under Articles of Confederation (140)

c The first tariff under the Constitution (150, 167-168)

d Development of the tariff, 1816-1832 (252-254)

f Tariff and nullification (254-256)

g Development to the Civil War—attitude of South and West (264, 309-314, 357)

h Republicans and Civil War tariffs (352, 367)

i Revival of the tariff controversy under Cleveland (422)

j Tariff legislation after 1890—McKinley bill (422), Wilson bill (459), Dingley bill (472),

Payne-Aldrich bill (528), Underwood bill (588)

4 Foreign and domestic commerce and transportation (see Tariff, Immigration, and Foreign

Relations)

a British imperial regulations (69-72)

b Confusion under Articles of Confederation (140)

c Provisions of federal Constitution (150)

d Internal improvements—aid to roads, canals, etc (230-236)

e Aid to railways (403)

f Service of railways (402)

g Regulation of railways (460-461, 547-548)

h Control of trusts and corporations (461-462, 589-590)

5 Land and natural resources

a British control over lands (80)

b Early federal land measures (219-221)

c The Homestead act (368, 432-445)

d Irrigation and reclamation (434-436, 523-525)

e Conservation of natural resources (523-526)

6 Legislation advancing human rights and general welfare (see Suffrage)

a Abolition of slavery: civil and political rights of negroes (357-358, 373-375)

b Extension of civil and political rights to women (554-568)

c Legislation relative to labor conditions (549-551, 579-581, 590-591)

d Control of public utilities (547-549)

e Social reform and the war on poverty (549-551)

f Taxation and equality of opportunity (551-552)

Political Parties and Political Issues

I The Federalists versus the Anti-Federalists [Jeffersonian Republicans] from about 1790 to

about 1816 (168-208, 201-203)

1 Federalist leaders: Hamilton, John Adams, John Marshall, Robert Morris

2 Anti-Federalist leaders: Jefferson, Madison, Monroe

3 Issues: funding the debt, assumption of state debts, first United States bank, taxation, tariff,

strong central government versus states' rights, and the Alien and Sedition acts

II Era of "Good Feeling" from about 1816 to about 1824, a period of no organized party

opposition (248)

III The Democrats [former Jeffersonian Republicans] versus the Whigs [or National

Republicans] from about 1832 to 1856 (238-265, 276-290, 324-334)

1 Democratic leaders: Jackson, Van Buren, Calhoun, Benton

2 Whig leaders: Webster and Clay

3 Issues: second United States bank, tariff, nullification, Texas, internal improvements, and

disposition of Western lands

IV The Democrats versus the Republicans from about 1856 to the present time (334-377,

388-389, 412-422, 451-475, 489-534, 588-620)

1 Democratic leaders: Jefferson Davis, Tilden, Cleveland, Bryan, and Wilson

2 Republican leaders: Lincoln, Blaine, McKinley, Roosevelt

3 Issues: Civil War and reconstruction, currency, tariff, taxation, trusts, railways, foreign

policies, imperialism, labor questions, and policies with regard to land and conservation

V Minor political parties

1 Before the Civil War: Free Soil (319) and Labor Parties (306-307)

2 Since the Civil War: Greenback (463-464), Populist (464), Liberal Republican (420),

Socialistic (577-579), Progressive (531-534, 602-603)

The Economic Development of the United States

I The land and natural resources

1 The colonial land system: freehold, plantation, and manor (20-25)

2 Development of the freehold in the West (220-221, 228-230)

3 The Homestead act and its results (368, 432-433)

4 The cattle range and cowboy (431-432)

5 Disappearance of free land (443-445)

6 Irrigation and reclamation (434-436)

7 Movement for the conservation of resources (523-526)

II Industry

1 The rise of local and domestic industries (28-32)

2 British restrictions on American enterprise (67-69, 70-72)

3 Protective tariffs (see above, 648-649)

4 Development of industry previous to the Civil War (295-307)

5 Great progress of industry after the war (401-406)

6 Rise and growth of trusts and combinations (406-412, 472-474)

III Commerce and transportation

1 Extent of colonial trade and commerce (32-35)

2 British regulation (69-70)

3 Effects of the Revolution and the Constitution (139-140, 154)

4 Growth of American shipping (195-196)

5 Waterways and canals (230-236)

6 Rise and extension of the railway system (298-300)

7 Growth of American foreign trade (445-449)

IV Rise of organized labor

1 Early phases before the Civil War: local unions, city federations, and national unions in

specific trades (304-307)

2 The National Trade Union, 1866-1872 (574-575)

3 The Knights of Labor (575-576)

4 The American Federation of Labor (573-574)

a Policies of the Federation (576-577)

b Relations to politics (579-581)

c Contests with socialists and radicals (577-579)

d Problems of immigration (582-585)

5 The relations of capital and labor

a The corporation and labor (410, 570-571)

b Company unions and profit-sharing (571-572)

II Period of conflict and independence

1 Relations with Great Britain (77-108, 116-125, 132-135)

2 Establishment of connections with European powers (128)

3 The French alliance of 1778 (128-130)

4 Assistance of Holland and Spain (130)

III Relations with Great Britain since 1783

1 Commercial settlement in Jay treaty of 1794 (177-178)

2 Questions arising out of European wars [1793-1801] (176-177, 180)

3 Blockade and embargo problems (193-199)

4 War of 1812 (199-201)

5 Monroe Doctrine and Holy Alliance (205-207)

6 Maine boundary—Webster-Ashburton treaty (265)

7 Oregon boundary (284-286)

8 Attitude of Great Britain during Civil War (354-355)

9 Arbitration of Alabama claims (480-481)

10 The Samoan question (481-482)

11 The Venezuelan question (482-484)

12 British policy during Spanish-American War (496-497)

13 Controversy over blockade, 1914-1917 (598-600)

14 The World War (603-620)

IV Relations with France

1 The colonial wars (59-61)

2 The French alliance of 1778 (128-130)

3 Controversies over the French Revolution (128-130)

4 Commercial questions arising out of the European wars (176-177, 180, 193-199)

5 Attitude of Napoleon III toward the Civil War (354-355)

6 The Mexican entanglement (478-479)

7 The World War (596-620)

V Relations with Germany

1 Negotiations with Frederick, king of Prussia (128)

2 The Samoan controversy (481-482)

3 Spanish-American War (491)

4 The Venezuelan controversy (512)

5 The World War (596-620)

VI Relations with the Orient

1 Early trading connections (486-487)

2 The opening of China (447)

3 The opening of Japan (448)

4 The Boxer rebellion and the "open door" policy (499-502)

5 Roosevelt and the close of the Russo-Japanese War (511)

6 The Oriental immigration question (583-584)

VII The United States and Latin America

1 Mexican relations

a Mexican independence and the Monroe Doctrine (205-207)

b Mexico and French intervention—policy of the United States (478-479)

c The overthrow of Diaz (1911) and recent questions (594-596)

2 Cuban relations

a Slavery and the "Ostend Manifesto" (485-486)

b The revolutionary period, 1867-1877 (487)

c The revival of revolution (487-491)

d American intervention and the Spanish War (491-496)

e The Platt amendment and American protection (518-519)

3 Caribbean and other relations

a Acquisition of Porto Rico (493)

b The acquisition of the Panama Canal strip (508-510)

c Purchase of Danish West Indies (593)

Amendment, method of, 156

Amendments to federal Constitution: first eleven, 163

twelfth, 184 note

thirteenth, 358

fourteenth, 366, 369, 387

fifteenth, 358

sixteenth, 528

seventeenth, 542

eighteenth, 591

nineteenth, 563f

American expeditionary force, 610

American Federation of Labor, 573, 608

Clergy See Churches

domestic growth of, 307

congressional regulation of, 460f., 547

See also Trusts and Railways

Confederation: New England, 61

See also Articles of

Congregation, religious, 4

Congress: stamp act, 85

Constitution: formation of, 143f

See also Amendment

Constitution, the, 200

Constitutions, state, 109f., 238f., 385f

Constitutional union party, 340

Contract labor law, 584

Corporation and labor, 571 See also Trusts

Cotton See Planting system

Cumberland Gap, 223

Currency See Banking

Danish West Indies, purchased, 593

Democratic party, name assumed, 260

See also Anti-Federalists

Douglas, Stephen A., 333, 337, 368

Draft: Civil War, 351

Excess profits tax, 606

Executive, federal, plans for, 151

Expunging resolution, 260

Farm loan act, 589

Federal reserve act, 589

Federal trade commission, 590

Federalist, the, 158

Federalists, 168f., 201f

Feudal elements in colonies, 21

Filipino revolt See Philippines

Freedmen See Negro

Freehold See Land

Free-soil party, 319

Frémont, J.C., 288, 334

French See France

Friends, the, 5

Frontier See Land

Fugitive slave act, 329

Garrison, William Lloyd, 318

See also Secession

Germans: colonial immigration, 9ff

Great Britain See England