thực trạng và giải pháp đổi mới, nâng cao chất lượng dạy học môn ngữ văn, lịch sử lớp 8,9 trường thcs tại tỉnh khánh hòa

- De danh gia sir khac biet ve trinh do doi moi day hgc cua GV day tai cac lop 8,9 doi chiing va thuc nghiem, sir khac biet ve ket qua hoc tap cua HS cac lop 8,9 doi chiing va thuc nghie

UY BAN NHANDAN TINH KHANH HO A

TRUCJNG CAO DANG SU PHAM NHA TRANG

— - e D

e—-A?

BAO CAO TONG KET

DE T A I N G H I E N ClfU KHOA HOC CAP TINH

THlTC TRANG VA GIAI PHAP DOI MOfl, NANG CAO CHAT LlTOfNG DAY HOC

• • •

MON N G 0 VAN, LICH SL/ LOfP 8,9

TRlTOfNG THCS TAI TINH KHANH HOA

CHU NHIEM DE TAI: TS NGO THI MINH

2.Thukydetai

3 Cac uy vien :

BAN CHU NHIEM DE TAI

1 Chu nhiem de tai: TS Ngo Thi Minh

TS Nguyen Thi Thuy Huang

Th S Le Thanh Binh

CN VuXuanDong ThS.DinhThiChuc

CN Pham Quang Hung

CN Mai Xuan Lan

CN Ton Nu Hoang Lan

QUI U'dC VIET TAT

Danh gia Kiem tra, danh gia Can bo quan ly Trung hoc ca so Phu huynh hoc sinh Phuong phap

Supham Dai hoc Cao ding Tap lam van Tieng Viet Van hoc Thi tran Thixa Trie nghiem khach quan Tir luan

Van ban Ngu van Lich SU Cai each giao due Ban giam hieu

DANH SACH CAC TO CHlTc VA CA NHAN

THAM GIA DE TAI

1 CACTOCHLTC

- Phong Phd thong- Sd Giao due- Dao tao Khanh Hoa

- Phong Giao due- Dao tao Thanh pho" Nha Trang

- Phong Giao due- Dao tao Huyen Dien Khanh

- Phong Giao due- Dao tao Huyen Cam Lam

- Phong Giao due- Dao tao Thi tran Cam Ranh

- Phong Giao due- Dao tao Huyen Khanh Vinh

- Phong Giao due- Dao tao Huyen Khanh Sdn

- Phong Giao due- Dao tao Huyen Ninh Hoa

- Phong Giao due- Dao tao Huyen Van Ninh

- To Tieng Viet- TriTdng CDSP Nha Trang

- To Van hoe- Trifdng CDSP Nha Trang

- To Lieh suT- Trifdng CDSP Nha Trang

Va 24 Tofdng THCS d Khanh Hoa

2 CAC CA NHAN

- ThS Nguyen Thi Kim Hoa

Phong Pho thong- Sd Giao due- Dao tao Khanh Hoa

- THS- Kieu Van BiJe

Phong Pho thong- Sd Giao due- Dao tao Khanh Hoa

- CN Le Van CiTdng Trtfdng phong Phong GD- DT Khanh VTnh

Va eae thanh vien thuoe eae ddn vi ehuyen mon khac nhau trong Tru-dng CDSP Nha Trang va eae trifdng THCS d Khanh Hoa

MUC LUC

• •

MOfDAU 1

A Tong quan tinh hinh hinh nghien cuu trong va ngoai ntrac 3

B Doi tugng, pham vi, phuoTig phap nghien ciiu va noi dung

nghien cull 5

1 Doi tugng, khach the, pham vi nghien cuu 5

2 Phuong phap nghien cuu 5

3 Noi dung nghien cuu 11

C Ket qua nghien cuu vaban luan 12

Chuong I: Co so ly luan cua de tai 12

1 Cac khai niem cong cu c6 lien quan 12

2 Co so ly luan ciia viec doi mai, nang cao chat lirgng 16

3 Tilu kh chuong 1 27

Chuong II: Khao sat va danh gia thirc trang doi mai day hoc mon Ngfr van, Lich sii lop 8,9 tai cac trtrang THCS tren dia ban

tinhKH 28

1 Kdt qua day hoc mon Ngil van, Lich sii lop 8,9 28

1.1 V^ kit qua giang day 28

1.2 Vk kk qua hoc tap 30

1.3 Danh gia chung ve ket qua day hoc 31

2 Thirc trang day hoc mon Ngu van va lich sir lop 8,9 32

2.1 Vh chuong trinh, sach giao khoa 32

2.2 Vl d6i mai PPDH 41

2.3 Cac hinh thuc t6 chuc day hoc cua giao vien 69

2.4 Su dung phuong tien day hoc cua giao vien 72

2.5 Viec kiem tra, danh gia mon Ngir van, Lich sir 79

2.6 Hop tac cua phu huynh hoc sinh 90

2.7 Viec hoc tap cua hoc sinh 93

3 Nguyen nhan cua thuc trang 95

3.1 Tu doi ngu giao vien 95

3.2 Tudoi ngQ can bo quan ly 103

3.3 Tu hoc sinh 104 3.4 Tu phia phu huynh hoc sinh 105

3.5 Til CO so vat chat 105 3.6 Tu chuong trinh, SGK 106

4 Tilu ket chuong 11 107 Chuong 111: Giai phap tiep tuc doi moi, nang cao chat lugng day hoc

mon NgiJ van, Lich su lop 8,9 truong THCS tai tinh Khanh Hoa 108

1 Mot so giai phap 108

2 Thuc nghiem mot so bien phap doi moi nham nang cao chat

lugng day hoc mon Ngu van, Lich su lop 8,9 117

3 Tilu ket chuong III 148

KET LUAN VA KIEN NGHI 149

1 Kk luan cua dk tai 149

2 Kiennghj cua d§ tai 151

DANH MUC BANG

Chucng n

1 Bang 11.1: Ket qua hoc mon Ngu van va Lich sir cua HS lop 8 tai

cac truong THCS tinh Khanh Hoa 30

2 Bang 11.2 : Ket qua hoc mon Ngu van va Ljch su cua HS lop 9 tai

cac trucmg THCS Khanh Hoa 31

3 Bang 11.3 : Muc do dau tu: su pham ciia GV mon NgCf van lop 8,9

giila cac vung khac nhau 42

4 Bang 11.4: Thuc trang muc do thuong xuyen sir dung PPDH ciia

giao vien day mon Ngu van 44 5.Bang 11.5: Thuc trang hieu qua su dung PPDH cua GV day mon

Ngti van lop 8,9 tai tinh Khanh Hoa 59

6 Bang 11.6 Miic do dau tu su pham cua GV day mon Lich su lop

8,9 giila cac vung khac nhau 61

Bang II.7: Thuc trang miic do thuong xuyen su dung PPDH

cua GV day mon Lich su lop 8,9 64

Bang II.8: Hieu qua su dung cac PPDH cua GV

day mon Lich su lop 8,9 66

Bang 11 9 Thuc trang viec sir dung cac phuong tien day hoc cua GV

day mon Ngii van lop 8,9 tai tinh Khanh Hoa 74

Bang 11.10: Can bg quan ly danh gia ve muc do su dung phuong tien

day hgc cua Giao vien Lich su 77

Bang 11.11: Thuc trang viec su dung cac phuong tien day hoc

ciia GV day mon Lich su 78 Bang II 11 Cac hoat dgng ho trg hgc tap mon Lich su ciia phu huynh

HS ' ' ' 81

Chiro"ng III

1 Bang III.l: Ket qua khao sat trinh do ban dau cua GV day mon

NgiJ van lop 8,9 d6i voi viec doi moi day hgc tai lop d6i chiing 124

2 Bang III.2: Ket qua khao sat trinh do ban dau ciia GV day mon

Ngir van lop 8,9 tai lop thuc nghiem 127

3 Bang 111.3: Ket qua khao sat trinh do ban dku cua giao vien day

mon Lich sii lop 8,9 d6i voi viec d6i moi day hoc tai lop ddi chiing

130

4 Bang I1I.4: Ket qua khao sat trinh do ban d^u ciia GV day mon

Lich sii tai lop 8,9 thuc nghiem doi voi doi moi day hoc

133

5 Bang III.5: Ket qua hoc mon Ngir van va Lich su cua HS tai cac

lop 8,9 doi chiing va thuc nghiem truoc tac dong thuc nghiem 136

6 Bang III.6: Ket qua khao sat trinh do cua GV day mon NgiJ van

lop 8,9 tai cac lop TN sau thuc nghiem 138

7 Bang III.7: So sanh trinh dp doi moi day hoc ciia giao vien Ngu

van lop 8,9 thuc nghiem truoc va sau tac dgng thuc nghiem

139

8 Bang III.8: So sanh trinh do doi moi day hoc ciia GV Ngii van day

tai cac lop 8,9 TN sau tac dgng thuc nghiem voi GV Ngir van day tai

lop 8,9 doi chiing o cung thoi diem 140

9 Bang 111.9: So sanh ket qua hgc mon Ngii van ciia HS cac lop 8,9

doi chung va thuc nghiem sau thuc nghiem 142

10 Bang 111.10: K^t qua khao sat trinh do ciia GV day mon Lich sii

lop 8,9 tai cac lop TN sau thuc nghiem 143

11 Bang III 11: So sanh trinh do doi moi day hoc ciia GV Lich su

day tai cac lop 8,9 TN truoc va sau tac dgng thuc nghiem 143

12 Bang III 12: So sanh trinh do doi moi day hoc cua GV Lich sii

day tai cac lop 8,9 thuc nghiem sau tac dgng thuc nghiem voi GV

Lich sii day tai lop 8,9 d6i chung 6 cung thoi diem 145

13 Bang 111.13: So sanh k§t qua hgc mon Lich sii ciia HS cac lop 8,9

d6i chung va thuc nghiem tai thoi diem sau thuc nghiem 146

DANH MUC BIEU DO

Chuong II

1 Bieu do II 1 Miic do dau tu su pham cua GV Ngii van lop 8,9

giua cac vung khac nhau tai tinh Khanh Hoa 44

2.Bilu d6 11.2 Miic do dau tu cua GV Lich su lop 8,9 giua cac vung

tai Khanh Hoa 63

Chuong III

1 Bieu do 111 1 So sanh trinh do d6i moi day hgc cua GV Ngii van

lop 8,9 truoc va sau thoi dilm thuc nghiem 139

2 Bieu do 111.2: So sanh trinh do doi moi ciia giao vien Ngir van

tai lop 8,9 thuc nghiem va doi chung sau thuc nghiem 141

3 Bilu do 111.3: So sanh ket qua hgc mon Ngir van cua HS lop 8,9

thuc nghiem va doi chiing sau thoi di^m thuc nghiem 143

4 Bieu do II1.4: So sanh ket qua day hgc cua GV mon Lich sii day

tai lop 8,9 thuc nghiem truoc va sau thoi diem thuc nghiem 144

5 Bieu do III.5: So sanh trinh do doi moi ciia giao vien Lich su tai

lop 8,9 thuc nghiem va doi chiing sau thuc nghiem 146

6 Bieu do III.6: So sanh ket qua hoc mon Lich su ciia HS lop 8,9

thuc nghiem va doi chiing sau thoi diem thuc nghiem 147

DANH MUC DO THI

I Do thi III 1: Bieu dien moi tuong quan giira mat nhan thiic

vahanh vi ciiaGV Ngir van day tai lop 8,9 doi chiing 126

2 Do thi 111.2: Bieu dien moi tuong quan giua mat nhan thiic

va ket qua day hoc ciia GV Ngir van day tai lop 8,9 doi chiing 126

3 Do thi 111.3: Bieu diln moi tuong quan giira mat hanh vi

va ket qua day hgc ciia GV Ngu van day tai lop 8,9 doi chung 127

4 Do thi IIL4: Bieu dien moi tuong quan giira mat nhan thiic

vahanh vi ciia GV Ngir van day tai lop 8,9 thuc nghiem 128

5 Do thi 111.5: Bieu dien moi tuong quan giua mat nhan thiic va ket

qua day hgc ciia GV Ngu van day tai lop 8,9 thuc nghiem 129

6 Do thi III.6: Bieu dien moi tuong quan giira mat hanh vi va ket

qua day hoc ciia GV Ngii van day tai lop 8,9 thuc nghiem 129

7 Do thi III.7: Bieu dien moi tuong quan giiia mat hanh vi

va ket qua day hgc ciia GV Lich sii day tai lop 8,9 thuc nghiem l31

8 Do thi III.8: Bieu dien moi tuong quan giira mat nhan thiic va ket

qua day hoc ciia GV Lich sii day tai lop 8,9 doi chiing 132

9 Do thi 111.9: Bieu dien moi tuong quan giiia hanh vi va ket qua day

hgc cua GV Lich sii lop 8,9 tai cac lop doi chiing 132

10 D6 thi 111.10: Bilu diln moi tuong quan giiia mat nhan thiic va

hanh vi ciia GV Lich su day tai lop 8,9 thuc nghiem 134

I I Do thi III.l 1: Bieu dien moi tuong quan giira mat nhan thiic va

ket qua day hgc cua GV Lich sii day tai lop 8,9 thuc nghiem 134

12 D6 thi 111.12: Bieu dien moi tuong quan giiia mat hanh vi va ket

qua day hgc cua GV Lich su day tai lop 8,9 thuc nghiem 135

MdDAU

D6i moi va nang cao chat lugng day hoc dang la chii truong Ion cua

nganh giao due Trong Luat Giao due nam 2005, 6 dilu 28, khoan 2, c6 \\k

"Phuangphdp giao due pho thong cdn phdi phdt huy tinh tich cue, tu gide, ehu dong, sang tao ciia hoc sinh; phu hop vai dgc diim ciia tieng lap hoc, mon hoc, hoi duang phuong phdp tu hoc, ren luyen ky nang van dung kiin thirc vdo thuc tien, tdc dong den tinh edm, dem lai niim vui, hung thu hoe tap cho HS" Day

chinh la co so phap ly ciia yeu chu d6i moi PPDH o truong ph6 thong Yeu cku nay, mot \kn nua dugc khSng dinh trong Chuong trinh giao due ph6 thong (ban hanh ngay 5-5-2006 theo quyk dinh 16/QD- Bg GDDT): " Ddi mai PPDH la

phdi phdt huy duac tinh tich cue, tu gidc, chu dong, sdng tao cua hoc sinh; phii hap von dgc trung mon hoe, dgc diem ddi tuong HS, dieu kien cua timg lop hoc; boi duang cho HS phuong phdp tu hoc, khd nang hap tdc; ren luyen Id nang van dung kien thuc vdo thuc tien, tdc dong den tu tuong, tinh edm, dem Igi niem vui, hung thu va trdch nhiem hoc tap cho HS"

Ciing nhu cac dia phuong khac tren toan qu6c, o cac truong THCS thugc

dia ban tinh Khanh Hoa, mon Ngir van va Lich sij- dang c6 nhimg thay d6i vk noi

dung chuong trinh, sach giao khoa, PPDH Tuy vay, nhung n6 lire tren cua nganh giao due, ciia doi ngu thay c6 giao day hgc hai mon hoc nay vin chua dat dugc hieu qua nhu mong dgi Thuc te, ket qua giao due cua hai mon hgc nay con thap Theo ket qua thong ke ciia cac ky thi, diem duoi trung binh ciia hoc sinh 6 hai mon hoc Ngii van va Lich su chiem ti le kha cao Trong nhieu trucmg THCS, mot bg phan khong nho hoc sinh THCS chua viet diing chinh ta, chua dien dat diing tieng Viet, chua lam tot mot van ban hoan chinh Cac em khong nam dugc cac su kien trgng dai cua dan toe, tro nen xa la voi truyen thong van hoa, truyen thong lich sii ciia ong cha Thay c6 giao day mon Ngir van, Lich sii con liing tiing, chua the hien ro dinh hudng doi moi trong PPDH Thuc trang nay doi hoi nhiing nguoi lam cong tac giao due phai tiep tuc nghien cuu, khao sat de c6 nhiing giai phap dong bg nham nang cao chat lugng day hoc, dac biet la trong dieu kien hoi nhap hien nay Do vay, viec nghien ciiu khao sat, danh gia mot each nghiem tiic thuc trang day hgc cac mon hoc Ngir van va Lich sii de tim ra mot so nguyen nhan co ban; tir do de xuat giai phap doi moi, nang cao chat lugng la can thiet va cap bach Viec nghien ciiu nay khong chi co y nghia doi voi chiing toi - nhirng giang vien true tiep dao tao, boi duong nguon nhan lire giao vien cho cac truong THCS, truong tieu hgc ma con cho nganh giao due tinh nha

Xuk phat tu nhiing ly do tren, chiing toi quyet dinh chgn dk tai: "Thuc trgng va gidi phdp doi moi, nang cao chat luang day hoc mon Ngir van, Lich sic lap 8,9 tgi cdc truong THCS tren dia ban tinh Khdnh Hda"

A TONG QUAN TINH HINH NGHIEN CUU TRONG VA NGOAl NU6C

•' CJ Viet Nam, nhieu nha su pham nhu Tran Ba Hoanh, Nguyen Ngoc Quang, Hoang Diic Nhuan, Nguyen Canh Toan, Nguyen Ky, Thai Duy Tuyen, Tran Kieu da tien hanh nghien ciiu mot each toan dien cac van de ve vai tro, vi tri ciia viec to chiie qua trinh day hgc Hg dua ra nhiing uu diem va nhung han che ciia cac hinh thiic to chiic day hgc ciing nhu moi quan he giira hoat dong day

va hoat dgng hgc; vai tro ciia nguoi day va nguoi hoc; doi moi noi dung va each tiSn hanh cac hinh thiic to chiic nham nang cao chat lugng day hgc

Trong nhirng nam gan day, dung truoc nhiem vu doi moi giao due - dao tao, nhieu nha nghien ciiu da di sau nghien ciiu van de nang cao chat lugng day hoc theo huong dat hoc sinh vao vi tri trung tam cua hoat dong day hoc nhu Tran Hong Quan, Phan Trgng Luan, Vu Van Tao, Tran Diic Xuoc, D6 Dinh Hoan, Pham Viet Vugng, Dang Thanh Hung Dae biet doi voi mon Ngir van, mot s6 nha khoa hgc nhu Nguyen Khac Phi, Phan Trong Luan, Diep Quang Ban, Nguyen Thi Mai Hoa, Doan Thi Kim Nhung da nghien ciiu ve qua trinh doi moi phuong phap day va hgc Ngii van cap THCS theo dinh huong tich hgp va tich cue

Voi mon Lich sii, chiing ta co thi ke den ten cac nha nghien ciiu nhu Phan Ngoc Lien, Nghiem Dinh Vi, Trinh Tung, Nguyen Thi Coi, Nguyen Dinh L I ,

Nguyin Hihi Chi Tit ca nhirng nha nghien ciiu nay deu thong nhat rang: Su doi

mai day hoc Lich su la yeu cdu quan trong, cap thiet de hieu dung qud khu, co tdc dung gido due cho the he tre horn nay va mai sau

Nhin chung, cac nha su pham deu danh gia cao vai tro cua viec doi moi chuong trinh, sach giao khoa va PPDH khong chi d6i voi mon Ngii van, Lich sii

ma con nhilu mon hgc khac Va day chinh la dilu kien quan trgng de nang cao chat lugng day hgc

Theo sir chi dao ciia Bo giao due - Dao tao, tinh Khanh Hoa da tien hanh thay sach, t6 chiic nhilu hoi nghi, hoi thao ban vl cac giai phap nang cao chat lugng day hgc 6 cac truong ph6 thong theo dinh huong d6i moi Tu do, phat huy tinh tich cue, dgc lap, tu giac cua hgc sinh trong qua trinh day hoc

Truong CDSP Nha Trang da co mot s6 dl tai cdp Bg, cdp Truong nghien

ciiu \h ddi moi chuong trinh, SGK va PPDH mon Giao due cong dan lop 6, 7, 8

va 9; Cong nghe lop 7, 8; Sinh hoe lop 9; Lich sii lop 8; Toan lop 6,7,8; Vat ly lop 6,7,8 Mot s6 tac gia nghien ciiu v l tinh hinh day hgc cac mon Dia ly lop 6, 7; Toan lop 6,7; Ngir van lop 6,7 theo huong phat huy tinh tich cue cua hgc sinh (dl tai cap Bo cua t6 Van hgc va t6 Tilng Viet thugc Khoa Xa hoi "Nghien ciiu day thii nghiem mon Ngir van 7 theo Chuong trinh - Sach giao khoa moi"

(2003) c a n day CO de tai cap Tinh "'Thuc trgng va gidi phdp ddi moi PPDH

theo huong phdt huy tinh tich cue cua hoc sinh trong mot so mon hoc lop 6 tgi cdc truong THCS tgi Khdnh Hod" cua Truong CDSP da nghiem thu vao nam

2008 Trong de tai, nhom tac gia da nghien ciin thuc trang va dua ra dugc mot

so giai phap nham giiip giao vien lop 6 su dung cac PPDH theo dinh huong phat

huy tinh tich cue nhan thiic cua hgc sinh Nghien ciiu mot each toan dien vh

thuc trang va dua ra mot so giai phap nang cao chat lugng day hgc mon Ngir van

va Lich sii lop 8,9 6 cac truong THCS tren dia ban tinh Khanh Hoa thi chua co

de tai nao thuc hien De tai "Thuc trgng va gidi phdp doi mai, ndng cao chdt

luang day hoc mon Ngu van, Lich sir lap 8,9 tgi cdc truong THCS tren dia ban tinh Khdnh Hda " ciia chiing toi da dat ra van de nay dau tien

* Gia thuyet khoa hoc cua de tai:

De tai nay nghien ciiu dua tren gia thuyet: Chdt luang day hoc mon Ngit van

va Lich sic lap 8,9 tgi tinh Khdnh Hda se duac ndng cao neu GV day hai mdn hoc nay duac ndng cao trinh do, thuc hien cd hieu qud viec ddi mai dgy hoc (ddi mai viec lua chon noi dung, phuong phdp, hinh thice td chuc, phuong tien dgy hoc vd phuong phdp kiem tra, ddnh gid); ddng thoi cdi tgo, ndng cap ca so vat chdt truong lap ddp icngyeu cdu ddi moi dgy hoc; co che do, chinh sdch thda ddng, tgo ddng luc cho GVddi moi dgy hoc

B DOI TUONG, PHAM V I , PHUONG P H A P V A

NOI DUNG NGHIEN CUU

1 Doi tu-ong, khach the, pham vi nghien ciru cua 6e tai

1.1 Doi tugng nghien cuu

Thuc trang va giai phap d6i moi, nang cao chat lugng day hoc mon Ngir van, Lich sii lop 8,9 tai cac truong THCS, tinh Khanh Hoa

2.2 Khach the nghien ciiu

2.2.7 Khdch the nghien cuu chinh

- GV day mon Ngu van va mon Lich sii lop 8,9 tmong THCS tai tinh Khanh Hoa

- Can bg quan ly giao due cac cap co lien quan true tilp din hoat dong day hgc mon Ngii van va mon Lich su lop 8,9

- Giang vien day cac mon Tilng Viet, Van hgc, Lich sii true tilp tham gia tap huan doi moi PPDH lop 8,9 cap THCS tai truong CDSP Nha Trang

- HS lop 8,9 cap THCS tinh Khanh Hoa

2.2.2 Khdch the nghien cuu bo tra

- Dai dien Hoi cha me HS cac cip

2.3 Pham vi nghien ciiu

2.3.1 Ve qui md: De tai chi tap trung nghien ciin thuc trang va cac giai phap

tilp tuc doi moi day hgc mon Ngu van va Lich sir lop 8,9 cap THCS tai tinh Khanh Hoa nham nang cao ket qua day hoc hai mon hgc nay

2.3.2 Ve thai gian: De tai dugc nghien ciiu trong 18 thang

2.3.3 Ve khdng gian: Vi dieu kien thoi gian co han chiing toi chi gioi han

nghien ciiu dk tai tai 24 truong THCS (chilm 25% s6 truong THCS) thuoc bay

thanh pho, huyen, thi tren dia ban tinh Khanh Hoa

2 Phuong phap nghien ciiu

2.1 Cac phuong phap nghien ciiu ly luan

2.7.7 Phuong phdp doc sdch vd nghien cihi tai lieu

Chiing toi dgc, phan tich va khai quat cac van ban, tai lieu co lien quan den van

de nghien ciiu Bao gom:

- Cac van kien cua Dang ve GD - DT

- Cac tai lieu ciia Bg ve doi moi chuong trinh, sach giao khoa cap THCS, nhiing tai lieu ve xay dimg dgi ngu GV dap ling yeu cau doi moi GD

- Cac luan van thac sT nghien ciiu cac van de lien quan den viec doi moi PPDH cac cap, dac biet la cap THCS

- Cac tai lieu, sach, bao, tap chi lien quan toi de tai

2.7.2 Phuong phdp todn hoc

Dugc sir dung dl xii ly kit qua thu dugc tir cac phuong phap khac dac

biet la phuong phap dilu tra vilt Phuong phap nay dugc sir trg giiip va xir ly bang phan mem Microsoft Excel

- De danh gia sir khac biet ve trinh do doi moi day hgc cua GV day tai cac lop 8,9 doi chiing va thuc nghiem, sir khac biet ve ket qua hoc tap cua HS cac lop 8,9 doi chiing va thuc nghiem, chiing toi su dung phuong phap kiem dinh

tieu chuan x^ > cong thiic tinh nhu sau:

2 = y(m.-npf

- De danh gia moi tuong quan giiia cac mat bieu hien trinh do doi moi day

hoc cila GV Ngir van, Lich sii day tai cac lop 8,9 doi chiing va thuc nghiem chiing toi sii dung cong thiic tinh he so tuong quan Pearson:

R=^

2.2 Cac phuong phap nghien ciiu thuc tien

2.2.7 Phuong phdp dieu tra viet: Day dugc coi la phuong phap nghien ciiu chu

yeu ciia de tai Chiing toi tien hanh phuong phap nay nhu sau:

2.2.7.7 Chonmdu

De thuc hien dugc nhiing muc tieu de tai dat ra, phan anh chan thuc thuc trang chat lugng day hgc mon Ngii van va mon Lich su lop 8 &9 tai cac truong THCS tren dia ban tinh Khanh Hoa, chiing toi da tien hanh tong hgp so truong THCS tren toan tinh Khanh Hoa theo timg huyen thi, thanh ph6 Tai moi huyen, thi, thanh ph6 (g6m 7 huyen, thi, thanh pho: Nha Trang, Dien Khanh, Cam Ranh, Van Ninh, Ninh Hoa, Khanh Son, Khanh VTnh) chiing toi bat tham nglu nhien 25% s6 truong THCS dl nghien ciiu Sau khi tdng hgp chiing toi chgn dugc 24 truong THCS Trong moi truong, chiing toi chgn mlu dong loat d6i voi Ban giam hieu, t6 truong mon Ngii van, Lich su khoi 8 va 9, cac giao vien day mon Ngir van va Lich sir lop 8 va 9

- Chgn nglu nhien mdi truong 2 lop 8 va 2 lop 9, chgn mlu d6ng loat d6i voi hgc sinh ciia cac lop nay (chgn nglu nhien 5 HS/16p x TB 12 lop/truong x

24 truong = 1440 mau)

- Chgn mlu d6ng loat dli voi Hoi cha me hgc sinh cac truong THCS, cac Idp 8,9 tai cac truong dugc chgn dl nghien ciiu (3 nguoi/lop x 4 lop/truong x 24 trucmg) + (5 nguoi hoi Phu huynh trucmg x 24 truong) = 408 mlu

- Chgn mau dong loat doi voi truong phong (pho phong) GD - DT cac huyen, thi, thanh phi; Truong, pho phong GDTHCS thuoc So GD - DT Khanh Hoa; can bg chi dao cac mon Ngii van, Lich su thuoc cac phong GD, Scr GD

2.2.L2 Xdy dungphieu hoi

De nghien ciin de tai nay chiing toi tien hanh xay dung 12 loai phieu dieu tra cho 12 loai khach thi:

Can bo lanh dao giao due cac cap tren dia ban tinh Khanh Hoa (So GD

-DT, Phong GD - DT cac huyen)

- Chuyen vien phu trach cac mon Ngir van, Lich su tai So GD - DT Khanh Hoa va Phong GD - DT cac huyen

- Giang vien bg mon Ngir van, Lich sii tai truong CDSP Nha Trang

- Ban giam hieu cac trucmg THCS

- To truong phu trach bg mon Ngii van va Lich su cac truong THCS

- Giao vien mon Ngir van va mon Lich su cac trucmg THCS

- Hoc sinh cac lop khoi 8 va 9 tai cac trucmg THCS

- Dai dien phu huynh hgc sinh cac lop khoi 8 va 9

2.2.L3 Xdy dung cdu hoi

- Cau hoi gom 2 loai: Dong va mo Khi soan thao cac cau hoi chiing toi co

gang tuan thu cac yeu cau: ro rang, de hieu, cac y kien bao quat dugc pham vi van de nghien ciiu

- So cau hoi 6 moi phieu la khac nhau, tiiy thugc vao tiing loai khach the ma chiing toi khai thac song hau het deu tap trung vao nhiing muc tieu cua de tai

2.2.1.4 Xir ly ket qud dieu tra bang phuong phdp todn hoc

Sau khi phat phieu true tilp cho cac loai khach the, lay thong tin, xxx ly

thong tin chiing toi phan tich so lieu thu dugc de nit ra ket luan

2.2.2 Phuong phdp quan sdt (Du gid)

Chiing toi chgn 24 trucmg THCS dai dien cho 7 huyen, thi, thanh pho, thugc tinh Khanh Hoa Cach chon trucmg cua de tai dugc tuan thu nghiem ngat theo qui dinh So Khoa hgc- Cong nghe tinh Khanh Hoa

Trong tong so truong THCS ma chiing toi chgn de du gio kiem chiing ket qua thu dugc hi phuong phap dieu tra viet, m6i truong chiing toi du gio 4 tiet Ngir van/ 1 lop 8 va 4 tilt Ngii van/1 lop 9 (4 tilt/lmon hgc/llop); 2 tilt Lich su /1 lop 8 va 2 tilt

Ljch su / 1 lop 9 Giao vien khong dugc bao truoc tai 2 thoi dilm khac nhau (Chung tdi

chon du 4 tiet ngic van/ lop vi mdn hoc nay gdm 3 phdn mdn: Van hoc, Tieng Viet vd Tap lam van)

- Cu the, doi voi mon Ngii van lop 8,9:

[(4 tilt/lop X 2 lop/truong x 24 trucmg) + ((4 tilt/lop x 2 lop/truong x 24 truong) ] x 2 dgt = 768 tilt

Trong do, so tiet du doi voi mon Ngii van 8 la:

(4 tilt/lop 8 X 2 lop 8 /trucmg x 24 tmong) x 2 dgt = 384 tilt

Va so tiet du doi voi mon Ngii van 9 la:

(4 tilt/lop 8 X 2 lop 9 /truong x 24 tmcmg) x 2 dgt = 384 tilt

- Ddi voi mdn Lich sic lop 8,9:

[(Itiet/lop X 2 lop/truong x 24 truong) + ( (Itiet/ldp x 2 lop/truong x 24 truong)] X 2 dgt = 192 tilt

Trong do, mon Lich sii lop 8:

(Itiet/lop 8 x 2 lop/truong x 24 truong) x 2 dgt = 96 tilt

Va mon Lich su lop 9:

(Itiet/lop 9 x 2 lop/truong x 24 truong) x 2 dgt = 96 tilt

Moi tiet du chiing toi ghi bien ban du gio theo cac tieu chi danh gia thuc trang thuc hien chucmg trinh, sach giao khoa mod, thuc trang viec doi mod phuong phap, phuong tien, hinh thiic to chiic day hoc mon Ngii van, Lich su lop 8 va lop 9 do chiing toi xay dimg san

Cuoi cung de tai xii ly ket qua, doi chieu, so sanh vod y kien danh gia, tu danh gia ciia giao vien Ngir van, Lich sii, hgc sinh lop 8 va lop 9, cac khach thi khac (Khii truong khoi 8,9 ciia cac truong THCS dugc chgn de nghien ciiu; Ban giam hieu ) trong phieu hoi Tir do, chiing toi nit ra thuc trang diing ve ket qua hgc tap cac mon Ngir van, Lich sir ciia hgc sinh lop 8,9, viec thuc hien chuong trinh, sach giao khoa mod, thuc trang doi mod phuong phap, phuong tien, hinh thiic to chiic day hgc, doi moi kilm tra danh gia mon Ngir van, mon Lich sii lop 8, lop 9 tai cac truong THCS cua tinh Khanh Hoa

2.2.3 Phuong phdp thuc nghiem

2.2.3.7 Muc dich thuc nghiem

Tiln hanh phuong phap thuc nghiem nham chiing minh tinh diing dan, xac djnh tinh kha thi va hieu qua ciia mot so giai phap d6i moi day hgc mon Ngu

van, Lich su lop 8,9 co tinh dot pha nham nang cao chat lugng day hoc hai mon hgc nay tai cac truong THCS tren dia ban tinh Khanh Hoa

2.2.3.2 Nhiem vu thuc nghiem

- Xac dinh tinh kha thi va hieu qua ciia giai phap nang cao nhan thiic,

trinh do cho GV day mon Ngir van, Lich sii lop 8,9; HS lop 8,9 d p THCS tinh Khanh Hoa

- Xac dinh tinh hieu qua cua giai phap doi moi phuong phap day cua GV

va phuong phap hoc ciia HS, phuong tien, hinh thiic to chiic day hgc, phuong phap kiem tra danh gia day hgc mon Ngii van, Lich sii lop 8,9 dl nang cao chat lugng day hgc

- Xac dinh tinh kha thi va hieu qua ciia giai phap dlu tu them kinh phi, tao dgng lire cho GV va HS thuc hien doi moi de nang cao chat lugng day hgc mon Ngii van, Lich sii lop 8,9

2.2.3.3 Noi dung thuc nghiem

Vi thoi gian va lire lugng nghien ciiu co han, chiing toi chi thuc nghiem 6 noi dung sau:

- Tac dgng dong bg 3 trong so cac giai phap da dugc de xuat den GV va

HS tham gia day va hgc mon Ngu van, Lich sii lop 8,9 dugc chgn de thuc nghiem tai 7 truong THCS thugc 7 huyen, thi, thanh pho tren dia ban tinh Khanh Hoa

- So sanh chat lugng day hgc hai mon hgc nay 6 lop thuc nghiem va lop doi chiing de tu do nit ra tinh kha thi va hieu qua ciia cac giai phap co tinh dot pha ma chiing toi de xuat

- Chiing toi tien hanh day thuc nghiem tai 7 huyen, thi, thanh pho tren dia ban tinh Moi huyen, thi, thanh pho chiing toi chgn mot truong (trong so 24

trucmg THCS chiing toi tien hanh du gio) So tiet day thuc nghiem nhu sau:

3 tilt van/ lop 8; 3 tilt van/ lop 9;

1 tilt sii/ lop 8; 1 tiet sii/ lop 9

T6ng cong: 8 tilt/ truong x 1 truong/ huyen x 7 huyen = 56 tiet day thuc nghiem

2.2.3.4 Qui trinh thuc nghiem

- Dk tai hgp voi Ban Giam hieu cua cac trucmg THCS thuc nghiem de

chgn lop va GV day cac tilt ddi chiing va tiet thuc nghiem mon Ngir van va mon Lich su lop 8,9 Cu thi:

+ Mon Ngii van lop 8,9: Moi trucmg to chiic day 3 tiet doi chiing, 03 tiet thuc nghiem mon Ngir van lop 8 va 03 tiet doi chiing, 03 tilt thuc nghiem Ngii van lop 9

+ Mon Lich su lop 8,9: M6i trucmg t6 chiic 01 tilt d6i chiing, 01 tilt Lich

su lop 8 va 01 tiet doi chiing, 01 tilt Lich sii lop 9

- Chiing toi tien hanh thuc nghiem diing theo lich trinh day hgc cua cac truong THCS dugc chgn thuc nghiem

2.2.3.5 Phdn tich ket qud thuc nghiem

Ket qua cac tiet day doi chiing va thuc nghiem se danh gia toan dien ve hoat dgng day cua GV va hoat dgng hgc tap cua HS Day la co so de chiing toi chiing minh tinh diing dan va xac dinh tinh kha thi ciia mot s6 giai phap dot pha ciia de tai

2.2.4 Phuong phdp tro chuyen

- Chiing toi dinh huong cuge noi chuyen bang he thong cau hoi de hieu ro

hon thuc trang ket qua hgc tap cac mon Ngii van, Lich su ciia hgc sinh lop 8,9, viec thuc hien chuong trinh, sach giao khoa moi, thuc trang doi mod phuong phap, phuong tien, hinh thiic to chiic day hgc mon Ngir van, mon Lich su lop 8, lop 9 tai cac truong THCS ciia tinh Khanh Hoa

- Chiing toi tro chuyen true tiep voi Ban giam hieu, giao vien, hgc sinh lop 8,9 ciia cac truong THCS dugc chgn de nghien ciiu Nguoi nghien ciiu ghi nhan, tong hgp cac y kien, ket hgp voi ket qua nghien ciiu tir cac phuong phap khac, dac biet la phuong phap dieu tra viet de nit ra ket luan diing ve thuc trang

2.2.5 Phuong phdp nghien cieu sdn phdm

De tai tien hanh nghien ciiu mot so giao an, so diem, phieu giao viec cua giao vien, cac do dung day hgc giao vien tu lam; vd ghi, vd bai tap d nha, bai

kilm tra cua hgc sinh thugc cac mdn hgc Ngir van, Lich sii \6p 8,9

2.2.6 Phuong phdp chuyen gia

Lay y kien cac chuyen gia, cac can bg quan ly giao due ve ddi mdi chuong trinh, sach giao khoa, phuong phap, hinh thiic td chiic day hgc, ddi mdi kiem tra danh gia ciing nhu cac giai phap nang cao chat lugng day hgc mdn Ngii van, Lich sii cap THCS noi chung, Ngir van va mdn Ljch su lop 8,9 ndi rieng

2.2.7 Phuong phdp Hoi thdo khoa hoc

Td chiic mot Hoi thao lien nganh vl co sd ly luan va thuc tien cua viec nang cao chat lugng day hgc mdn Ngir van, Ljch su Icip 8,9 truong THCS Cac

chuyen gia dua ra y kiln khac nhau va thao luan, tranh luan, phan tich Ngudi nghien ciin ghi nhan cd chgn Igc cac y kien, phan tich, bd sung cho ket qua nghien ciiu ciia minh

3 Noi dung nghien ciru:

- Co sd ly luan ciia viec ddi mdi, nang cao chat lugng day hgc mdn ngir van, lich sii cap THCS theo hudng tich hgp mdn hgc va tich cue hda hoat ddng nhan thiic cua hgc sinh

- Khao sat, danh gia thuc trang viec thuc hien ddi mdi, nang cao chit lugng day hgc mdn ngir van va lich su Idp 8,9 tai cac truong THCS tinh Khanh Hda

- De xuat mot sd giai phap nang cao chat lugng day hgc mdn ngir van va lich sii lop 8,9 ndi rieng, cap Trung hgc co sd ndi chung tren dia ban tinh Khanh Hda

' C K E T Q U A N G H I E N C L T U V A B A N L U A N

Chu^ffng I: C O S 6 LY LUAN CUA DE T A I

1 Cac khai niem cong cu c6 lien quan den de tai

Tien hanh nghien ciiu de tai ''Thuc trgng, gidi phdp ddi moi vd ndng cao

chdt luang dgy hoc mdn Ngir van, Lich sir lop 8,9 tgi cdc truong THCS tren dia ban tinh Khdnh Hod' chiing ta can thiet tim hieu mot sd khai niem cd lien quan

den de tai Do la nhiing khai niem ve chat lugng giao due, nang cao chit lugng giao due, khai niem danh gia trong giao due Day la cac khai niem cong cu giiip

ngudi nghien ciiu giai quyet cac vin dk cu thi ciia dh tai

1.1 Khai niem chat lu-ong day hoc

Theo dinh nghia ciia Tu dien Tieng Viet (1994) chit lugng la "cai tao nen pham chat, gia tri ciia mot con ngudi, mot sir vat, su viec" (trang 139) Trong nhiing nam gan day, chiing ta thuong quan tam den chat lugng day hgc vdd nhieu quan dilm khac nhau nhung cd the thdng nhat quan diem ve chat lugng day hgc nhu sau:

Chat lugng day hgc la sir phu hgp vdi cac tieu chuin hay cdn ggi la cac thdng sd ky thuat Cac tieu chuan nay xem nhu la cdng cu do ludng, hoac bg thuoc do - mot phuong tien trung gian de mieu ta nhirng dac tinh can cd cua mot qua trinh day hgc Qua trinh nay bao gdm cac yeu td nhu muc tieu, ndi dung chuong trinh, sach giao khoa; PPDH; kilm tra, danh gia Chit lugng vdi tu each la hieu qua ciia viec dat muc dich day hgc, "la ket qua giang day va hgc tap xet ve mat dinh lugng va dinh tinh so vdi cac muc tieu bg mdn cung nhu gdp phan hinh thanh va phat trien nhan each cho hgc sinh" [32,251

Nhu vay de dat dugc chat lugng day hgc chiing ta can xem xet tir nhieu yeu td ciia qua trinh day hgc Khdng chi la dat dugc muc tieu day hgc ma cdn phai hoan thien ca ndi dung chuong trinh, sach giao khoa, PPDH va cdn nhieu yeu td khac niia

1.2 Khai niem nang cao chat lu-ffng day hoc

Nguyen Diic Chinh cho rang chat lugng day hgc "la mot khai niem ddng,

da chieu va gan lien vdi cac yeu td chii quan thdng qua quan he giira ngudi va ngudi" [6,23] Va theo dug, d l danh gia chat lugng day hgc, ngudi ta thuong dung mot bg thuoc do bao gdm cac tieu chi va cac chi sd ling vdi cac ITnh vuc trong qua trinh day hgc [6,23]

Hien nay cd nhieu y kiln dl cap din chit lugng day hgc hai mdn hgc Ngir van va Lich sir Cii sau mdi ky thi tdt nghiep hoac tuyen sinh, van de nay lai

dugc xdi len Thdng thuong ngudi ta dua vao ket qua diem thi de danh gia chat lugng day hgc nhung trong thuc tl mudn danh gia chat lugng day hgc chiing ta can phai dua vao nhilu tieu chi khac nira nhu da de cap d tren Ket qua diem thi chi la mot yeu td rat nhd thugc pham vi kilm tra, danh gia, la mot khau ciia qua trinh day hgc

Trong pham vi de tai, theo chiing tdi, khi de cap den chat lugng day hgc thi can xac dinh nhung tieu chi danh gia d tat ca cac yeu td nhu: ddi ngii giao vien, can bg quan ly, cac em hgc sinh; ndi dung chuong trinh, sach giao khoa, sir van dung phuong phap, cac hinh thiic, phuong tien day hgc, kiem tra danh gia; co sd vat chat

Nhu vay, de ddi mdi, nang cao chat lugng day hgc mdn Ngir van va mdn Lich Sii Idp 8,9 tai cac truong THCS tinh Khanh Hda chiing ta can danh gia toan dien thuc trang dua theo cac yeu td ndi tren va dua ra nhiing giai phap ddng bg trong qua trinh day hgc

1.3 Khai niem kiem tra, danh gia trong day hoc

Nhieu tac gia (3) quan niem thuat ngir do ludng {measurement) va danh gia {evaluation) tuong duong vdi nhau Do ludng {measurement) la su dung mgi

each thiic, phuong tien de tim hieu ve mot hay nhieu khia canh nao dd cua mot

hay nhieu ngudi Danh gia {evaluation) la sir thu thap va xii ly thdng tin de dua

ra nhirng nhan xet, ket luan nao dd [3, T.Anh]

Ca hai khai niem tren diu la "qua trinh thu thap, xu ly thdng tin da chieu

dl tir dd nit ra nhiing nhan xet hay ket luan ve ngudi hgc, mdn hgc, khoa hgc hay ve mot ITnh vuc nao dd trong hoat ddng giao due"

Xu hudng mdd ciia viec KTDG hien nay la: Danh gia de de phuc vu cho viec hgc tap [2,7] Cd thi khai quat hai xu hudng KTDG cii va mdd nhu sau:

So sanh xu humig kiem tra, danh gia cu va moi

Xu hirang cti

Cac bai thi tren gily va dugc thuc hien

vao eudi ky

Do ben ngoai khdng che

Viec lira chgn cau hdi tieu chi danh gia

khdng dugc neu trudc

Nhan manh su canh tranh

Quan tam den muc tieu cudi cung ciia

viec giang day

Chu trgng san pham

Tap trung vao kien thiic sach vd

Xu hudng mdi

Nhieu bai tap da dang trong sudt qua trinh hgc

Do HS chu ddng Viec lira chgn cau hdi va tieu chi danh gia dugc neu rd tir trudc

Nhan manh su hgp tac Quan tam den kinh nghiem hgc tap ciia

HS Chii trgng qua trinh Tap trung vao nang lire trong thuc te

Xu hudng danh gia mdi cd ba dac trung sau:

- Danh gia phat triln {Formative assessment) hay cdn ggi la ddnh gid qud

trinh de chi nhimg hoat ddng KTDG dugc thuc hien trong qua trinh day hgc, "cd

y nghia phan biet vdi nhiing hoat ddng tai nhimg thoi diem khac nhau nhu KTDG trudc khi bat dau qua trinh day hgc hoac sau khi ket thiic qua trinh nay (danh gia tdng ket)"

- Danh gia thuc tien {authentic assessment): la thuat ngii mdi dugc xuat

hien trong thdi gian gan day Nd cd nghia ddi lap vdi thuat ngii "danh gia truyen

thdng" {traditional assessement) vdn dugc dung de chi cac hinh thiic KTDG

tren giay (nhu viet bai tu luan, cau tra Idi ngan, hoac cac dang cau hdi trac nghiem khach quan ) [2, 9] Danh gia thuc tien bao gdm nhieu hinh thiic va phuong phap KTDG nham kiem tra cac nang luc can cd trong cudc sdng hang ngay va dugc thuc hien trong mot bdi canh thuc te

- Danh gia sang tao (alternative assessment) hay cdn ggi la danh gia thay

thi Nd chii trgng su mdi me, da dang va sang tao cua nhiing each thuc hien KTDG khac vdi Idi mdn ciia danh gia truyen thdng

Nhan xet v l xu hudng mdi nay, cd nha nghien cim cho rang: "Nd thi hien rit ro tinh nhan ban va tinh thin lay HS lam trung tam, trong dd muc tieu cudi cimg cua KTDG la nhlm phat hien nhung uu diem va khac phuc cac nhugc dilm ciia HS dl giiip chiing phat trien den miic tdi da mgi tiem nang cua minh"

Trong dl tai nay chiing tdi thdng nhat vdi khai niem danh gia giao due la

"qua trinh thu thap va xii ly kjp thdi, cd he thdng nhimg thdng tin vl hien trang, kha nang hay nguyen nhan cua chat lugng va hieu qua giao due can cii vao muc

tieu day hgc, muc tieu dao tao; lam co sd cho nhiing chu truong, bien phap va hanh ddng giao due tilp theo" Va danh gia ket qua cua HS trong cac mdn hgc la

"qua trinh thu thap va xii ly thdng tin ve trinh do, kha nang thuc hien muc tieu hgc tap ciia HS, vl tac ddng va nguyen nhan ciia tinh hinh dd, nham tao co sd cho nhiing quyet dinh su pham ciia GV va nha truong, cho ban than HS dl hg hgc tap ngay cang tiln bg hon." [32,13]

Danh gia can phai dugc xem la mot qua trinh cai thien va phat trien lien tuc, khdng ngimg Can khang dinh lai rang, mot su danh gia tdt phai la su danh gia thuc hien dugc ddng thdi hai chiic nang: vira la ngudn thdng tin phan hdi ve qua trinh day va hgc, vira gdp phan dieu khien, dieu chinh chinh qua trinh nay

Do vay, cdng doan DG can phai dugc dat trong mot he thdng khep kin vdi cac cdng doan giang day, phan tich, cai thien Neu danh gia ma khdng cd su phan tich va cai thien; danh gia ma khdng cd sir tac ddng ngugc trd lai ddi vdi cdng tac day va hgc thi hoat ddng DG coi nhu da khdng thuc hien dugc cac chiic nang cila minh Ngugc lai, su nang cao chat lugng ciia hoat ddng day va hgc se lam tien de de nang cao chat lugng va hieu qua cua hoat ddng DG Vdng trdn khep kin nay se lam cho hoat ddng day hgc va hoat ddng danh gia khdng ngimg dugc cai thien va phat tri^n:

G i a n g day Muc tieu

C a i t I

va muc dich

lien Hoc tap va giang day

Phan Muc tieu \

Danh

tich 'a muc dich

i g i a

" Hoc tap ve muc neu va

muc dich (Ngudn "Tai lieu tap huln giao vien cdt can mdn Ngir van" 2008)

Ben canh khai niem danh gia la kiem tra Nhieu nha giao due hgc da cho ring: "Kilm tra cd thi xem nhu la phuong tien va hinh thiic quan trgng nhat ciia danh gia" [32,45] Kilm tra cd vai trd cung d p nhimg dir kien, thdng tin lam co

sd cho viec danh gia; nd la mot khau quan trgng ciia mot qua trinh day hgc

2 Co- so- ly luan cua viec ddi mdi, nang cao chat lugng day hoc mon Ngu

van, mon Ljch sii- a trucrng THCS theo hirdng tich hgp mdn hgc va tich cue

hoa hoat ddng nhan thuc ciia hoc sinh

Trudc het can xac dinh viec nang cao chat lugng day hgc mdn Ngii van va mdn Lich su theo dinh hudng ddi mdi la mot qua trinh lau dai, bao gdm nhilu yeu td trong giao due nhu nang cao trinh do cho ddi ngii giao vien, ddi ngii can

bg quan ly; ddi mdi muc tieu, ddi mdi chuong trinh, sach giao khoa, ddi mdi PPDH, ddi mdi phuong phap kiem tra, danh gia, xay dung tdt co sd vat chat Trong mot sd yeu td do, ciing can xac dinh yeu td nao la dot pha, yeu td nao la quan trgng, yeu td nao can lam ngay

2.1 Nang cao trinh do cua doi ngu giao vien

Giao vien la lire lugng quan trgng, cd y nghia quyet dinh sir thanh cdng ciia viec ddi mdi, nang cao chat lugng day hgc Trong qua trinh ddi mdi, khdng chi hg can nhan thiic sau sac ma cdn can cd trinh do kien thiic va nghiep vu dii

dk tham gia d mgi khia canh ciia hoat ddng day hgc Tir viec hieu dugc ndi dung

chuong trinh, sach giao khoa den viec ddi mdi PP, hinh thiic td chiic, phuong tien day hgc va ddi mdi kiem tra, danh gia Khdng phai ai khac ma chinh ddi ngu GV dang gdp phan timg bude thuc hien thanh cdng qua trinh ddi mdi

Trong tai lieu " Mot sd ca so phdp ly cua vdn de ddi moi qudn ly nhd

nuac vd qudn ly gido due" cua Du an dao tao Giao vien THCS, Dang Xuan Hai

nhan manh den nhiem vu: " Phat trien ddi ngu nha giao dam bao ve sd lugng, hgp ly ve co cau va chuan bi ve chat lugng dap ling nhu cau vira tang quy md vira nang cao chat lugng va hieu qua giao due Dd la co sd quan trgng de dam bao chat lugng day va hgc trong giai doan ddi mdi hien nay Mudn thuc hien dieu nay chiing ta can ddi mdi chuong trmh dao tao va bdi duong GV, giang vien; chii trgng viec ren luyen, giu gin va nang cao pham chat dao diic nha giao Ben canh dd, cin hoan thien dinh miic lao ddng, che do lam viec, che do chinh sach ddi vdi giao vien

2.2 Nang cao trinh do cua can bo quan ly giao due

Trong qua trinh day va hgc, hogt ddng qudn ly (managerment) cd tam

quan trgng Nd "tac ddng cd dinh hudng, cd chii dich cua chu the quan ly (ngudi quan ly) din khach thi quan ly (ngudi bi quan ly) trong mot td chiic van hanh va dat dugc muc dich td chiic" [6,15]

Ndi each khac, qudn ly la qua trinh dat den muc tieu ciia td chiic bang

each van dung cac hoat ddng (chirc nang) ke hoach hda, td chiic, chi dao, lanh dao va kiem tra [6,15]

Nhu vay can bg quan ly cd trach nhiem phan bd nhan luc va cac nguon lire khac, chi din sir van hanh ciia mot bd phan hay toan bd td chiic dl td chiic hoat ddng cd hieu qua va dat din muc dich [6,16] Hg phai dam bao bdn chiic nang quan ly Dd la chiic nang k l hoach hda, chiic nang td chiic; chiic nang chi dao- lanh dao va chiic nang kilm tra Trong dd "kl hoach hda cd nghia la xac dinh muc tieu, muc dich ddi vdi thanh tim tuong lai cua td chiic va cac con duong, bien phap, each thiic dl dat dugc muc tieu, muc dich dd"

Td chiic la qua trinh hinh thanh nen cau tnic cac quan he giiia cac thanh vien, giira cac bd phan trong mot td chiic lam cho hg thuc hien thanh cdng cac

ke hoach va dat dugc muc tieu tdng thi ciia td chiic

Lanh dao bao ham viec lien ket, lien he vdi ngudi khac va ddng vien hg hoan thanh nhirng nhiem vu nhat dinh de dat dugc muc tieu ciia td chiic [6,18]

Kiem tra la mot chiic nang quan ly, thdng qua dd mot ca nhan, mot nhdm hoac mot td chiic theo ddi giam sat cac thanh qua hoat ddng va tien hanh nhiing hoat ddng siia chira, udn nan neu can thiet." [6, 19]

C) cac CO sd giao due, can bd quan ly cd vai trd dinh hudng, td chirc va kiem tra toan bd qua trinh day hgc De ddi mdi, nang cao chat lugng day hgc ddi ngii can bd quan ly can cd du trinh do chuyen mdn va trinh do quan ly Hg cd nhiem vu dinh hudng va td chiic cac hoat ddng hanh chinh, chuyen mdn cua don

vi Chinh vi vay, viec nang cao nang luc chuyen mdn va quan ly ciia nhung ngudi lam cdng tac nay cd y nghia quan trgng Hg giii vai trd banh lai trong cac hoat ddng day hgc tai cac trudng hgc, tai cac phong giao duc-DT va tai sd GD-DT

Trong thdi gian nay, can bd quan ly can "ddi mdi ve co ban tu duy va phuong thiic quan ly giao due theo hudng nang cao hieu lire quan ly nha nude, phan d p manh me nhlm phat huy tinh chu ddng va tu chiu trach nhiem ciia cac dia phuong ciia cac co sd GD " [21, 100] Cd nhu vay, co che va phuong thiic

GD mdi dugc thay ddi theo hudng phan cap mot each hgp ly nhlm giai phdng

va phat huy manh me tilm nang, siic sang tao, tinh chii ddng va tu chiu trach nhiem ciia mdi d p va mot co sd GD Mudn vay, cIn:

+ Tang cudng chit lugng cua cdng tac lap kl hoach

+ Thuc hien phan d p quan ly manh me

+ xay dung va chuIn hda ddi ngu quan ly GD

Dk cd ddi ngu quan ly giao due tdt, chiing ta can dao tao va bdi duong

thuong xuyen ddi ngu quan ly GD cac d p vl kiln thiic, ky nang quan ly va ren

luyen pham chit dao diic; ddng thdi dilu chinh sip xip lai can bd theo yeu d u mdi phii hgp vdi nang luc va phim chit ciia tung ngudi [21,101]

2.3 f)6i mdi chuong trinh, sach giao khoa mon Ngir van, Lich su

Trong chien luge phat trien giao due, viec ddi mdi chuong trinh giao due dugc danh gia la mot trong nhiing nhiem vu trgng tam "Viec ddi mdi chuong trinh giao due phd thdng phai quan triet muc tieu, yeu d u vl ndi dung, PP giao due ciia bac hgc, d p hgc quy dinh trong Luat giao due; khic phuc nhimg mat cdn han chi ciia CT, SGK hien hanh; tang cudng tinh thuc tiln, ky nang thuc hanh, nang luc tu hgc; coi trgng kien thiic khoa hgc xa hdi va nhan van; bd sung nhimg thanh tiru khoa hgc va cdng nghe hien dai phu hgp vdi kha nang tilp thu ciia HS Tang cudng tinh lien thdng Thuc hien phan ludng " [21,36]

Ddi mdi CT, SGK, PP day va hgc phai dugc thuc hien ddng bd vdi viec nang cap va ddi mdi trang thiet bi day hgc, td chiic danh gia, thi cii, chuan hda trudng sd, dao tao, bdi duong giao vien va cdng tac quan ly giao due

Trong nhiing nam gan day, ndi dung chuong trinh, sach giao khoa mdn Ngii" van va mdn Lich su da dugc ddi mdi theo dinh hudng giam ly thuyet tang thuc hanh, ren luyen cac ky nang; chii trgng den viec bdi duong nhan each, tmh cam cho HS

Tuy vay, trong qua trinh thuc hien, SGK da bdc Id nhiing diem sai sdt can siia chira Theo y kien ciia nhieu nha khoa hgc giao due, trong tuong lai can cd nhilu bd sach giao khoa hon dua tren mot khung chuong trinh chung cho ca nude

2.4 D6i md"! PPDH mdn Ngir van va Lich su

Ciing vdi qua trinh ddi mdi chuong trinh, sach giao khoa, ddi mdi PPDH

cd thi ndi la khau dot pha dl nang cao chit lugng day hgc Ddi mdi PPDH la ddi mdi ca phuong phap day ciia thiy va PP hgc ciia trd Doi vdi giao vien, can thay doi kilu day hgc mot chilu, nang vl thuylt giang chuyin sang kieu day hgc phat huy tinh chii ddng tich cue ciia HS Chuyin sang kilu day hgc tuong tac giiia thIy va trd, giira trd vdi trd theo dac thii cua timg bai hgc cua timg bd mdn

Kolb (1984), mot nha nghien ciin giao due da cho ring "Hgc tap la mot qua trinh ma nhd dd tri thiic dugc tao nen thdng qua su chuyen hda kinh nghiem" Kinh nghiem khdng phai la nhiing dilu xay ra vdi ban ma la cai ban lam trudc nhirng dieu xay ra vdi minh [6 Tieng Anh]

Trong qua trinh ddi mdi PPDH hien nay, "PP lly ngudi hgc lam trung tam

la nhimg chiln luge tao co hdi cho ngudi hgc tham gia tich cue vao qua trinh day va hgc GV ddng vai trd la ngudn thdng tin chinh nhung ciing la ngudi thiic

dly qua trinh hgc ciia ngudi hgc Bai hgc dugc sir dung chu ylu dl phan tich tim hilu nhiing kien thiic co ban va thuc hanh nhimg ky nang ddi hdi tu duy cao d p nhu: phan tich vIn dl, tranh luan, ap dung, sang tao va ra quylt dinh" [6 Tilng Anh]

PP lay ngudi hgc lam trung tam ddi hdi chiing ta pliai thuc hien nhiing yeu cau sau:

- GV ndi it hon 75% lugng thdi gian tren Idp

- HS cam thIy dugc tdn trgng va danh gia cao khi phat bilu

- HS lam viec mot minh hoac theo nhdm de giai cac bai tap khd va hay

- Ldp hgc la noi trao ddi kinh nghiem va thao luan chuyen sau

- GV trinh bay ngan ggn, cd nhieu minh hga phu hgp

- HS cam thay minh cd trach nhiem ddi vdd viec hgc va su tien bd cua minh

- Tiet hgc thanh cdng nhd sir chuan bi bai can than, Idng tin ddi vdi HS va vai trd lanh dao ciia vdi GV

Trong tai lieu tap huan ve ddi mdi PPDH ciia Bd GD - DT, nhieu nha nghien ciiu

ve giao due [32,24] da dua ra nhiing yeu cau cu the ciia viec ddi mdi PPDH nhu sau:

- Day hgc thdng qua viec td chiic cac hoat ddng hgc tap ciia HS

- Day hgc ket hgp giiia hgc tap ca the vdi hgc tap hgp tac; giiia hinh thiic hgc ca nhan vdi hinh thiic hgc theo nhdm, theo ldp

- Day hgc thi hien mdi quan he tich cue giiia GV va HS, giira HS vdi HS

- Day hgc chii trgng den viec ren luyen ky nang, tang cudng thuc hanh va gan ndi dung bai hgc vdi thuc tien cudc sdng

- Day hgc chii trgng den viec su dung cd hieu qua cac thiet bi day hgc ( ), dac biet luu y den nhung ling dung ciia cdng nghe thdng tin

Tu nhimg yeu d u chung dd, cac tac gia cdn xac dinh lan lugt cac yeu cau

cu the ddi vdi ngudi day, ddi vdi ngudi hgc va ddi vdi can bd quan ly giao due

Ddi m&i PPDH la khau dot phd di ndng cao chdt lircmg day hoc vi ring

viec ddi mdi nay cd lien quan toan dien vdd cac yeu td khac trong qua trinh day hgc

Bk ddi mdi thanh cdng PPDH, cIn phai ddi mdi mot each toan dien, ddng

bd cac thanh td, cac bd phan d u thanh ciia qua trinh day hgc Su ddi mdi can bat

dau d viec lap ke hogch, thiet ki vd triin khai ki hogch bdi hoc a tren lap den

van dung linh hogt, sdng tgo cdc PPDH, da dgng hod cdc phuong tien dgy hoc, _hinh thuc td chicc dgy vd cudi cung la ddnh gid ket qud dgy hoc

Chiing ta cd thi so sanh hai kilu day hgc sau:

So sanh kieu day hoc truyen thdng va day hgc theo hudng ddi mdi

Day hoc theo kieu truyen thdng Day hoc theo dinh hudng ddi mdi

Thiet ke

kl

hoach

bai hoc

Thiet ke ke hoach bai hgc theo kieu

truyen thdng: Mdi lien he giiia cac

yeu td cau thanh ciia bai hgc (muc

tieu, ndi dung, phuong phap, phuong

tien ve san pham) chua dugc the hien

trong ban thiet ke bai hgc

Hinh

thuc td

chuc

day hoc

Td chuc day hoc theo hudng:

- Hgc toan ldp, it chii y din su phan

hda trong ldp

- Hgc tap trong ldp la chu ylu

- Day hgc theo kilu liet ke md ta va

giai thich - minh hga (GV thdng bao,

HV tilp nhan, tai hien kiln thiic)

Thilt kl kl hoach bai hgc theo hudng tich cue hoa hoat ddng cua ca ngudi day va ngudd hgc, chii trgng tdi mdi quan he giira cac yeu td: muc tieu bai hgc, nang lire ngudd hgc va cac dieu kien, phuong tien day hgc hd trg, cac qua trinh day hgc, va chat lugng dau

Td chuc day hgc theo hudng:

- Phat triln day hgc phan hoa (gin vdi hoat ddng hgc tap dgc lap ciia timg ddi tugng ngudd hgc)

- Phat triln hinh thiic hgc trong ldp va

ngoai \6p

- Tang cudng day hgc hgp tac va

tuong tac (lam viec nhdm, thao luan,

du an, ddng vai), day hgc kien tao (day hgc neu va giai quyet van de, tu nghien ciiu)

- Hinh thiic va phuong thiic kiem

tra don dieu:

+ Chu ylu la tu luan, trie nghiem

khach quan va cac hinh thiic danh gia

khac rIt it khi dugc su dung

+ Ngudd day dgc quyin danh gia

+ Chii trgng kiln thiic bd qua thuc hanh van dung (dac biet la van dung

vao nhimg tinh hudng gin vdd ddi

sdng), chii trgng ki nang viet, bd qua

cac kT nang khac

- Mu'c do: nang ve tai hien

- Da dang hoa cac hinh thiic va

phuong thuc kilm tra, danh gia:

+ Ben canh tu luan, tang cudng trie nghiem khach quan va cac hinh thiic danh gia khac

+ Kit hgp viec danh gia cua ngudi day vdi viec tu danh gia cua ngudi hgc + Chii trgng ca kiln thiic va thuc hanh van dung (dac biet la van diing vao nhimg tinh hudng gin vdi ddi sdng), phat triln ca 4 ki nang nghe, ndi, dgc, vilt-

Mii'c do: danh gia cac miic do nhan

bilt, thdng hilu va van dung (gdm van dung tai tao va van dung sang tao)

Nguon: Tham khao bang so sanh hai kilu day hgc ciia Nguyin Quang Ninh va Nguyin Thiiy Hdng [32,24]

Ddi mdi phuong phap day hgc khdng cd nghia la chiing ta phu nhan cac phuong phap day hgc truyin thdng nhu phuong phap thuylt giang Khai niem ddi mdi phuong phap cd nghia la ngudi giao vien phai bilt van dung tich hgp,

linh hoat cac phuong phap day hgc khac nhau dk phat huy cao nhit su chu ddng,

tich cue ciia hgc sinh trong gid hgc

2.5 Ddi mdi cac hinh thirc td chuc day hgc

Ddi mdi cac hmh thiic td chiic day hgc cd y nghia quan trgng khi qua trinh day hgc hien nay nhlm hudng tdi ngudi hgc Tu ngudi hgc chilm ITnh kiln thiic thdng qua cac hoat ddng tren ldp hoac d nha Giao vien chi la ngudi td chiic, chi dao

Ve CO ban cd nhirng hinh thiic td chiic day hgc sau:

- Hinh thiic td chiic day hgc ddng loat: phu hgp vdi co sd vat chit cua da

sd cac trudng hien nay, the manh ciia nd la giii cho ldp hgc dn dinh

- Hinh thiic hgc tap theo nhdm: la chia HS thanh timg nhdm nhd, giao cho mdi nhdm mot nhiem vu khac nhau Thi manh ciia nd la phan hoa dugc trinh do

HS, kich thich hung thii hgc tap, tang sir hgp tac hgc tap, tilt kiem thdi gian (trong cung mot liic giai quyet dugc nhieu nhiem vu hgc tap)

Ngoai ra cdn cd cac hinh thiic td chiic day hgc khac nhu hoat ddng ngoai khoa, day hgc tu chgn, thi sang tac, thi thuylt trinh [39,14]

Thuc te trong cac trudng phd thdng hien nay, hinh thiic td chiic hoat ddng ddng loat van thudng dien ra GV it chii y den nang lire hgc tap ciia tirng ca nhan HS; GV giao nhiem vu chung cho ca ldp, khdng tinh din kha nang cua HS

Theo tinh than ddi mdi PPDH hien nay, td chiic cac hoat ddng day hgc phai hudng ve ngudi hgc; lam sao mdi HS deu dugc the hien, deu dugc bdc Id

va phat triln Chinh vi vay, hinh thiic td chiic hoat ddng nhdm, cd the la nhdm ddi, nhdm ban, hoac nhdm Idn hon deu dang dugc cac thay, cd giao ap dung nhieu hon trong ldp

* LTU diem cua hinh thiic day hgc ndi tren la phat huy tinh tich cue hgp tac ciia HS HS cd co hdi, dilu kien phat trien ca nhan; kien thiic cua HS se tang tinh khach quan khoa hgc; HS se ren dugc ky nang giao tiep, cd nang lire lao ddng hgp tac theo nhdm

I Tuy vay, hoat ddng nhdm cdn cd nhiing han chi nhIt dinh nhu ddi vdi ldp ddng, dien tich chat chdi thi cdn gap nhilu khd khan khi td chiic; nd cd thi tdn nhieu thdi gian hoac bi han chi bdi thdi gian han dinh cua ldp hgc

can luu y, ben canh hinh thiic hoat ddng ca nhan, hoat ddng nhdm d ldp hgc, GV cdn phai td chiic nhimg hoat ddng ngoai khoa, td chiic cac hinh thiic sinh hoat cau lac bd hoac dua HS di tham quan, tham vien bao tang hoac cac di tich lich

su dia phuong Day ciing la nhiing hmh thiic td chiic day hgc kha hieu qua

2.6 Doi mdi viec sir dung cac phuong tien day hgc

Phuong tien day hgc bao gdm sach, tranh, anh; dd dimg day hgc; thiet bi dugc sii dung trong qua trinh day hgc Phuong tien day hgc cd the cd san do bd phan thiet bi cua Sd GD - DT cung cap hoac cd the do giao vien tu lam Phuong tien day hgc cd the gan vdi nhiing thiet bi thdng thudng hoac gan vdi nhiing thiet bi rat hien dai nhu may vi tinh, den chieu Hd trg ciia cac phuong tien day hgc da dem lai hieu qua Idn lao trong day hgc nhieu mdn hgc khac nhau, trong

dd ddi vdi mdn Ngir van va Lich sii ciing khdng phai ngoai le

Trong gid hgc NgQ' van, Lich sii, su dung hieu qua cac phuong tien day

hgc hieu qua phai dam bao cac nguyen tac: dung luc, dung cho vd du cuang do

Dd la nhimg phuong tien nhu:

- Sach giao khoa va cac tai lieu hgc tap khac nhu sach tham khao, bao chi

- Cac thilt bi day hgc tdi thieu: tranh anh, bang, dTa

- May cat - set, ti vi

- May tinh, may chilu da nang cung vdi cac phan mem hd trg

Cac thilt bi day hgc dugc sii dung nhu la phuong tien hd trg, ngudn kiln thiic dl HS tim tdi, nghien ciiu nit ra kiln thiic, kilm tra, van dung kiln thiic va

kl nang giiip hilu sau, nhd lau cac kiln thiic da hgc

Theo cac chuyen gia giao due, nlu viec ling dung cdng nghe thdng tin trong day hgc cd hieu qua thi se cd tac dung Idn tren ca 3 mat: giao duong, giao due va phat triln toan dien HS, gdp phin ddi mdi PPDH day - hgc ciia thIy va trd, khIc phuc tinh trang "day chay", "hgc chay" kha phd biln d cac trudng phd thdng hien nay (44, 135)

Tuy vay, khi sii dung cac thilt bi day hgc, d n hit siic luu y tdi tac dung tich cue ciia cac kenh chii, kenh hinh, kenh tilng, din qua trinh tilp nhan va van dung cac kiln thiic vl Ngii van, Lich sii ddi vdi HS Vdi mdn Ngu van, tac ddng ciia cac thilt bi day hgc ndi tren giiip cac em tilp nhan kiln thiic, ky nang

van hgc, ngdn ngir hgc, tao lap van ban mot each hieu qua Cdn doi vdi mdn Lich su, sii dung phuong tien day hgc true quan da gdp phIn tao bilu tugng cho

HS, cu the hda cac sir kien va khIc phuc tinh trang hien dai hda lich su ciia HS

Nd cd vai trd to Idn trong viec giiip HS nhd ky, hilu sau nhimg hinh anh, kiln thiic lich sii va cdn gdp phIn phat triln kha nang quan sat, tri tudng tugng, tu duy va ngdn ngir cho HS

2.7 Ddi md-i cdng tac kilm tra, danh gia

Kiem tra, danh gia la nhiing cdng viec khac nhau cua qua trinh day hgc nhung cd mdi quan he mat thilt vdi nhau Kilm tra la mot qua trinh thu thap thdng tin de cd co sd danh gia; danh gia la de xac dinh xem ket qua hgc tap cua hgc sinh dat den miic do nao so vdi muc tieu dao tao dat ra Thdng thudng kiem tra la de danh gia Cd khi, kiem tra chi de biet, de nam tinh hinh Nhung, mudn danh gia nhat thiet phai thdng qua kiem tra Danh gia trong day hgc cd nghTa bao ham ca kilm tra

Ddi vdi qua trinh day hgc, KTDG ket qua hgc tap ciia hgc sinh cd tam quan trgng dac biet, nd vira giii vai trd ddng luc lai viia dinh hudng, thiic day manh me trong hoat ddng day hgc va hoat ddng quan ly giao due KTDG dam bao cho hoat ddng dao tao ludn ludn di theo quT dao da dinh, dam bao ket qua dao tao tdi uu

Trong Hdi thao Kiem tra, danh gia tai Trudng Dai hgc SP Thanh phd Hd Chi Minh nam 2006, Le Thi Thanh Thao neu len nhiing net tieu bieu ve thuc trang kiem tra, danh gia hien nay la:

- Sir ngheo nan don dieu ciia dung cu do ludng ket qua hgc tap cua HS: chu yeu chi dung vai hinh thiic luan de

- Ndi dung thi cu d hau het cac mdn hgc chi yeu cau kien thiic d miic do ghi nhd, tai hien hoac cimg llm la hilu thdng qua nhung bai tap may mdc, xa rdi thuc tien (nhung lai thudng lat leo tao ra nhimg khd khan gia tao ddi hdi nhiing xao thuat, thii thuat, khudn mlu ma nlu khdng luyen tap thi khdng lam dugc)

Tac gia di din kit luan : "Cd thi ndi each KT-DG kit qua hgc tap da va dang dien ra hien nay hinh nhu dang di ngugc lai muc tieu giao due va nhimg cd ging d l thuc hien cac muc tieu giao due va nhirng cd gang de hien thuc cac muc tieu dd "

Qua that, trong mot thdi gian dai, chiing ta dang tu lam ngheo hda loai hinh danh gia khi chi chii trgng cac loai hinh danh gia tdng ket, danh gia theo tieu chi ma xem nhe viec danh gia dinh hinh, danh gia theo chuan Ddi mdi va nang cao chat lugng cdng tac DG thi vira phai chii trgng loai hinh danh gia tdng

ket, danh gia theo tieu chi nhung rIt d n phai chii y din cac loai hinh danh gia quan trgng khac: loai hinh danh gia dinh hinh, danh gia theo chuIn; loai hinh danh gia tien lugng (danh gia chin doan hay du bao) Danh gia dinh hinh - mot trong nhiing loai hinh danh gia hit siic quan trgng trong day hgc - phai ludn hudng din dat dugc cac muc tieu sau day:

- Giiip giao vien dilu chinh each day ciia minh, lap kl hoach day hgc mot each hgp 11

- Chin doan nhiing khd khan hgc sinh gap phai dl tim hudng khIc phuc: nhiing Id hong nao vl kiln thiic d n phai lip dly, sir ylu kern d nhung kT nang nao can phai khac phuc

- Giam sat tien trinh hgc tap ciia hgc sinh: thIy dugc su tiln bd, su cai thien hay thut liii d mdi ca nhan hgc sinh dl cd bien phap day hgc phii hgp

Ben canh dd, cdn phai chii y hinh thirc hay phuong phdp ddnh gid

(Cd tdi lieu goi Id hinh thirc, cd tdi lieu goi la phuong phdp; chung tdi nhan thay thuat ngir phuong phdp hop li han, vi vay sau day se dung thdng nhdt bang thuat ngir phuong phdp)

(Ngudn: Tai lieu tap huan giao vien cdt can mdn Ngir van trudng THCS nam 2008)

Cac phuong thiic DG tren dugc the hien trong 04 phuong phap KTDG co ban vdi mot sd thao tac tien hanh dugc khai quat trong so dd dudi day Mudn van dung cd hieu qua, giao vien phai nam viing quy trinh thuc hien Trong phan quy trinh thuc hien, chiing tdi se trinh bay cac bude thuc hien phuong phap trac nghiem trong DG, mot trong nhimg phuong phap chinh quy quan trgng, vdi hy vgng tuan thii quy trinh nay, giao vien chiing ta se ling dung thanh cdng :

PP tr3c nghif m

-Thiit kg khung tieu chi kT thu^t dg KT

- Bien soan bo cau hoi (TNKQ+ TL)

- Phan tich, xu U kk qua KT

PP quan sat

- Xac djnh trong diem quan sat

- Lap phieu quan sat

- Nhan xet, danh gia

MOT SO PHUONG PHAP & KI THUAT

- Xac djnh doi tu(?rng

- Xay dung tieu chi danh gia

- Tu nhan xet va nh^n xet

Ngudn: Tai lieu tap huan giao vien cdt can mdn Ngii Van Trudng

Hinh thuc kiem tra, danh gia va cac cdng cu danh gia

Hinh thirc

Vilt

Thuc hanh

Cdng cu

- Trac nghiem khach quan

- Trac nghiem tu luan

+ cau tra Idi ngan + cau hdi cd dan y tra Idi + cau hdi md

- Phdi hgp trac nghiem khach quan va tu luan

- Bai kiem tra cho phep md sach

- Bai thuc hanh ngan tren ldp tien hanh trong gid hgc li thuyet

- Bai thuc hanh dai tien hanh trong gid hgc thuc hanh

- Quan sat thudng xuyen va dinh ki kT nang thuc hanh cua HS

- Cac hoat ddng thuc hanh tien hanh ngoai ldp hgc, ngoai gid hgc

Mudn ddi mdi danh gia trudc het phai lam cho xa hdi, dac biet la phu huynh va hgc sinh nhan thiic diing vl quan diem danh gia mdi, thude do mdi Ben canh dd, each day va each hgc la cdng doan dau tau, la dieu kien tien quyet,

la tac nhan cho viec ddi mdi va nang cao chat lugng cdng tac ddi mdi kiem tra danh gia Hien nay, quan diem ciia xa hdi ndi chung va quan niem ciia nhieu phu huynh hgc sinh d Khanh Hda ndi rieng cdn nang theo Idi cti Nhilu ngudi cho con hgc them nhiing thIy cd cd sir dd bai hgc sinh nghiem khac timg ngay, vi ngudi ta quan niem bIng each dd con hg se dat dugc diem tdt Nhieu phu huynh cho con hgc them theo dang mdn nao thay nay, sau dd cdn thue thIy ehuyen dd bai de viec lam bai kilm tra cua con dugc chae an Neu khdng ddi mdi quan dilm - ca quan dilm day hgc lln quan dilm danh gia - la chiing ta dang dung tiing va thda hiep vdi mot Idi hgc "theo dieu sao", "hgc gao" Day la Idi hgc hit siic tai hai bdi nd yeu d u hgc sinh bd ra cdng siic nhilu nhung chii ylu la cdng siic d dang siic lire chii rIt it tri lire; song hieu qua hgc lai rIt thip, kha nang ling dung thuc tl lai hit siic xa vdi Hilu dugc dilu nay, chic chin khdng phu huynh nao, khdng hgc sinh nao, khdng thIy cd nao, khdng cdng dan nao lai mudn con

em minh phai lao tam tdn tri theo each dd Thi nen, vIn dl quan trgng dIu tien

dl ddi mdi va nang cao chit lugng cdng tac danh gia la su thdng nhIt trong quan dilm giua ba phuong dien: phuong dien xa hdi, phuong dien day hgc, phuong dien danh gia Vi du: vl vIn dl muc dich danh gia (DG), mudn ddi mdi cdng tac

kilm tra danh gia (KTDG) trudc hit phai thdng nhIt ring: muc dich chinh ciia ddnh gid Id ndng cao chdt luang hoc tap ciia hoc sinh Neu chi DG vdi muc

dich kiem tra va chim dilm thi chiing ta dang lly phuong tien, lly cdng cu dl thay the cho muc dich Cd sir thdng nhIt thi viec ddi mdi mdi cd tinh kha thi cao

CHUONG TRINH VA QUAN D I E M C U A X A HOI

QUAN D I £ M V E DANH GIA QUAN DIEM VE DAY HOC

2.8 Cai tao va xay dung tdt co* sd vat chit trudng hoc

Khdng ai cd the phii nhan co sd vat chat ciia trudng hgc cd ddng gdp quan trgng vao viec ddi mdi PPDH, gdp phan nang cao hieu qua giao due Hien nay, viec xay dimg nha trudng day dii cac phdng chiic nang, thu vien, ldp hgc dly dii anh sang, rdng rai, dugc trang bi nhieu thiet bi day hgc hien dai dang la hudng phan dau ciia toan nganh giao due nude ta

Vdi cac dieu kien day hgc tdt giao vien khdng ngan ngai ling dung cac phuong tien thilt bi hien dai vao bai giang Cac may vi tinh, den chieu projector khdng cdn xa la vdi giao vien Hg cd the cdn su dung ca may cat - s6t, ti vi trong gid hgc, gdp phan lam sinh ddng va gay hiing thii cho HS ddi vdi mdn Ngir van

va mdn Lich su la mot yeu cau quan trgng giiip giao vien va HS cd the tien hanh ddi mdi PPDH, giiip qua trinh day hgc dugc tien hanh cd hieu qua

3 Tieu ket chuong I

Trong pham vi chuong nay chiing tdi da dua ra nhiing khai niem cdng cu

ciia dk, tai nhu khai niem chat lugng, chat lugng day hgc; khai niem kiem tra, danh gia Bk tai cdn xac dinh rd co sd ly luan cua van de nang cao chat lugng

day hgc mdn Ngii van, Lich sii trong tinh hinh hien nay Dd la xac dinh nhimg

CO sd ciia sir ddi mdi phai cd tinh he thdng va ddng bd: tu ndi dung den phuong phap, tir hinh thiic td chiic day hgc din phuong tien day hgc, tir kilm tra, danh gia din CO sd sd vat chit Cin ddng bd tien hanh ddi mdi nhilu nhan td nhu tren mdi cd the nang cao chit lugng day hgc ndi chung va nang cao chit lugng day hgc mdn Ngu van, Lich sii ldp 8,9 tai cac trudng THCS ndi rieng

CHUONG HrKHAO SAT, DANH GIA THUC TRANG VIEC DOI M 6 I DAY HOC MON NGU VAN VA MON LICH SU LOP 8,9 TAI CAC TRU^OfNG TRUNG HOC CO SO O KHANH HOA

1 Ket qua day hgc mdn Ngu- van, Lich su ldp 8,9 cua giao vien va hgc sinh tai cac trud-ng THCS tren dia ban tinh Khanh Hoa

Dua theo sd lieu ciia cac Phdng Giao due (Bang 1,2 - phu luc 1) tren dia ban tinh Khanh Hoa cung d p , cd thi danh gia nhimg mat sau:

1.1 v l kit qua giang day mdn Ngu- van, Lich su ldp 8,9 cua giao vien

1.1.1 Tai Thanh phd Nha Trang

Theo sd lieu cua Phdng Giao due thanh phd Nha Trang (bang 3 - phu luc I), mdn Ngii van, Lich su cd gin 170 giao vien Tit ca 100% giao vien dIu dat trmh do chuan (cii nhan cao ding su pham) va tren chuIn (cu nhan dai hgc su pham) Ket qua xep loai ciia giao vien day hai mdn hgc ndi tren d khdi ldp 8,9 la:

- Ddi vdi mdn Ngir van ldp 8,9, giao vien dugc xIp loai kha, gidi trong ba nam hgc hi 2005 - 2008 chilm khoang hon 90%, chi cd khoang 10%) xIp loai la dat yeu d u

- Ddi vdi mdn Lich sii' ldp 8,9, giao vien dat loai kha, gidi chiem khoang 80%, cdn lai sd lugng giao vien xIp loai dat yeu d u khoang 20%)

1.1.2 Tai huyen Dien Khanh

Theo sd lieu ciia Phdng Giao due huyen Dien Khanh, toan huyen cd khoang 150 giao vien dang dam nhan day bd mdn Ngii van va Lich su Trong sd

dd cd khoang 100%o da dat trinh do chuan va tren chuan; khdng cd giao vien day cheo hai mdn hgc nay (bang 4 - phu luc I)

Vdi mdn Ngii van, chi cd gan 14% giao vien xep loai dat yeu cau; cdn lai 85% dugc xep loai kha, gidi Va cd khoang hon 17% giao vien Lich sii xep loai dat yeu d u va cdn lai 83%) xep loai kha, gidi

Toan huyen Dien Khanh khdng cd giao vien Ngii van, Lich su xep loai yeu, kem 1.1.3 Tai huyen Cam Ranh

Sd lugng giao vien day mdn Ngir van, Lich su trong toan huyen Cam Ranh la gin 160 ngudi va tit ca da dat trmh do chuan va tren chuan

Trong ba nam hgc, tir 2005 din 2008, cd khoang 85% giao vien mdn Ngir

van, Lich su xIp loai kha, gidi \5% giao vien cdn lai xep loai dat yeu cau

Khdng cd giao vien yeu kem (bang 5 - Phu luc I)

1.1.4 Tai huyen Ninh Hoa

Theo sd lieu cua Phdng Giao due huyen Ninh Hoa cd khoang 160 giao vien dang dung ldp mdn Ngii van, Lich su Tit ca 100% giao vien da dat trinh

do chuan va tren chuan (bang 6 - Phu luc I)

Xet ve chit lugng day hgc mdn Ngir van, hon 90% dugc xIp loai kha, gidi; chi cd hon 10 % giao vien xIp loai dat yeu d u

Cdn vdi mdn Lich sii, ti le giao vien xIp loai kha, gidi kem hon mdn Ngu van (khoang hon 80%)), cdn lai 20% giao vien xIp loai dat yeu d u

1.1.5 Tai huyen Van Ninh

Sd lugng giao vien dam nhiem hai bd mdn Ngii van, Lich sii it hon cac huyen thi khac, khoang gin 140 giao vien Cd khoang 100% giao vien Ngir van, Lich su da dat trinh do chuIn va tren chuIn (bang 7 - Phu luc I)

Chit lugng day hgc ciia giao vien Ngir van huyen Van Ninh dugc xIp loai nhu sau: Hon 90%) giao vien dat loai kha, gidi Chi cd gin 10% giao vien xIp loai dat yeu cau khdng cd giao vien Ngir van xIp loai ylu, kem Cdn vdi mdn Lich su, ciing tuong tu nhu chat lugng giao vien mdn Ngii van, cd khoang 90% giao vien dat miic kha, gidi; chi cd 10%) giao vien xep loai dat yeu cau; khdng cd giao vien Lich su xep loai yeu, kem

1.1.6 Tai huyen Khanh Son

Khanh Son la huyen mien niii cua tinh Khanh Hoa; phan Idn hgc sinh d huyen nay thugc dan tdc it ngudi Dieu kien ciia giao vien Ngii van va Lich su d huyen nay khdng cd nhieu thuan Igi nhu d cac huyen thi khac tren dia ban tinh Toan huyen chi cd 17 giao vien Ngii van va Lich sii Hg dam nhiem viec day va hgc hai bg mdn nay d hai trudng: Trudng THCS Son Lam va Trudng THPT Thi tran Td Hap Sd lugng giao vien rat it nhu vay nhung hg phai dam trach mot trach nhiem rIt nang nl Trong sd dd, cd 100% giao vien dat chuan va tren chuIn vl trinh do Cd 80%) giao vien Ngii van dat miic kha, gidi; cdn lai 20% xep loai dat yeu d u (bang 8 - Phu luc I)

Ddi vdi bd mdn Lich sii, cd khoang 85 % giao vien dat miic kha, gidi; cdn lai 15% giao vien xep loai dat yeu cau

1.1.7 Tai huyen Khanh VTnh

Ciing nhu huyen Khanh Son, Khanh VTnh la mot huyen miln niii Sd lugng giao vien day mdn Ngii van, Lich sii khoang 25 ngudi va tit ca sd giao vien nay dIu da dat trinh do ehuln va tren chuan (bang 9 - Phu luc I)

Vdi mdn Ngir van, cd khoang hon 70% giao vien dugc xIp loai kha, gidi;

cd gin 30 %o giao vien xIp loai dat yeu d u Tuong tu nhu mdn Ngir van, giao vien mdn Lich sii xIp loai kha, gidi la 70%o va loai dat yeu d u la 30%

1.2 Ve ket qua hgc tap

Kit qua thu dugc tai bang 5,6- Phu luc I cho thIy:

1.2.1 Kit qua hgc tap mdn Ngii van ciia hgc sinh

Trong ba nam hgc tir 2005 din 2008, cd hon 50% hgc sinh ldp 8 tren toan tinh Khanh Hoa dat yeu d u mdn Ngu van Cu thi, nam hgc 2005 - 2006 cd 51,1%); 2006 - 2007 cd 50,5% va nam hgc 2007 - 2008 cd 56,9% Ti le chua dat yeu d u khoang 30%; kha, gidi khoang 20%

So vdi ket qua hgc tap mdn Ngir van ciia hgc sinh ldp 8, ti le hgc sinh ldp

9 cd cao hon, khoang hon 60% (xem bang phu luc 2) Ti le hgc sinh hgc mdn Ngir van 9 chua dat yen d u thIp hon, khoang 25 %>

1.2.2 Ket qua hgc tap mdn Lich sir ciia hgc sinh

Neu so vdi kit qua hgc tap mdn Ngii van cua hgc sinh ldp 8, 9 trong ba nam hgc qua thi ket qua hgc mdn Lich sir cua cac em kha quan hon, vdi ti le gin 40% hgc sinh dat kit qua kha, gidi; chi cd khoang gin 15% hgc sinh chua dat yeu cau

Bang II.l: Kit qua hgc mdn Ngir van va Lich sir ciia HS ldp 8

tai cac trud-ng THCS tinh Khanh Hda trong mot sd nam hgc

Xep loai chung Ngii van 8 Lich sir 8 Tong so lop 8 Tong so HS lop 8

Xep loai chung Ngu van 8 Ljch sir 8

182 8.232 Gioi

Chua dat yeu cau

Tong cong

SL 8.232

8242

%

100% 100%

179 8.012 Gioi

Dat yeu cau

Chua dat yeu cau

181

8104 Gioi

Dat yeu cau

Chua dat yeu cau

(Ngudn: Bang sd lieu do cac Phdng Giao due cung d p nam 2008 )