- Researching into the current situation of analysis of business efficiency in export wood processing enterprises in South Central, thereby, pointing out strengths and weaknesses.. - Rec
Trang 1INTRODUCTION
NECESSITY OF THE TOPIC
In the context of overall development, in order to achieve high business
efficiency and business goals, enterprises need to evaluate their own business
efficiency and find out the causes so that they can have proper solutions in
the future through annual analysis of business efficiency The industry of
export wood processing – one of major export industries in Vietnam – of
which South Central region is one of the four fastest growing areas, is not an
exception Stemming from a great deal of thorough research of business
efficiency analysis in export wood processing enterprises in South Central, the
thesis entitled “Improving analysis of business efficiency in export wood
processing enterprises in South Central” was conducted
RESEARCH AIMS
- Systematizing theory of efficiency, business efficiency and analysis of
business efficiency in manufacturing enterprises in general, export wood
processing enterprises in particular
- Researching into the current situation of analysis of business efficiency
in export wood processing enterprises in South Central, thereby, pointing out
strengths and weaknesses
- Recommending a number of solutions to improve analysis of business
efficiency suitable for export wood processing enterprises in South Central
Providing guidelines for applying changes, supplements in business
efficiency analysis in order to test usefulness and feasibility of the recommendations
SUBJECT AND SCOPE OF RESEARCH Research subject of the thesis is defined as the analysis of business
efficiency in manufacturing enterprises in general and export wood processing enterprises in particular, at the same time concretizing the analysis
of business efficiency in export wood processing enterprises in South Central
Research scope of the thesis is limited to theoretically researching into
business efficiency, analysis of business efficiency and the current situation of analysis of business efficiency and recommending the solutions to improve analysis of business efficiency in export wood processing enterprises in South Central for the period of 2008 - 2010
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
With the research objectives set out, based on dialectical materialism methodology of Marxism-Leninism, the author identifies research methods
to be used would be qualitative ones as follows:
+ For less important information (information provided by professional organizations of information provision): the author used desk research The
author inherited and developed the research information to build a basic theory system for the thesis
+ For basic information (information provided by the enterprises): the
author used desk research and in-depth interviews, particularly: in-depth
Trang 2interviews with interview sample of 30/176 and desk research with
documents of 4 enterprises
NEW CONTRIBUTIONS OF THE TOPIC
- Systemizing and improving the theoretical issues of business efficiency
and business efficiency analysis of manufacturing enterprises in general and
export wood processing enterprises in particular
- Contributing to clarifying the current situation of the activities of
analyzing business efficiency in export wood processing enterprises in South
Central
- Contributing to improving the activities of analyzing business
efficiency in export wood processing enterprises in South Central
THESIS STRUCTURE
In addition to the introduction, conclusion and references, the thesis
content consists of 188 pages, 36 tables, 2 charts and 24 appendices made up
of three main chapters:
Chapter 1: Basic theory of analysis of business efficiency in
manufacturing enterprises
Chapter 2: The current situation of analysis of business efficiency in
export wood processing enterprises in South Central
Chapter 3: Viewpoints and solutions to improve the analysis of business
efficiency in export wood processing enterprises in South Central
CHAPTER 1 BASIC THEORY OF ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS EFFICIENCY IN
MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES
1.1 EFFICIENCY AND BUSINESS EFFICIENCY IN ENTERPRISES
1.1.1 Concept and nature of efficiency and business efficiency
1.1.1.1 Concept and nature of “efficiency”
Efficiency is an indicator reflecting the level of gaining the results in order to achieve a certain aim of the subject corresponding to a unit of resource spent in the process of implementing an activity
Classification of efficiency:
- Economic efficiency and social efficiency
- Social production efficiency and individual efficiency
- Direct efficiency and indirect efficiency
- Absolute efficiency and relative efficiency
1.1.1.2 Concept and nature of business efficiency
a Views on business efficiency
b Concept and nature of business efficiency
Business efficiency is an economic category featured by a system of specific economic indicators set on the basis of comparing the correlation between the output and the input costsss or other input factors, thereby reflect the level of using the input costsss and other input factors in order
Trang 3to achieve the highest results in harmony of economic efficiency and social
efficiency
1 1.2 Criteria to evaluate business efficiency
The criterion to evaluate business efficiency is the appropriate level of
business and social results gained meeting the objectives set out on the basis
of economical use of social labor
1.1.3 System of indicators used for business efficiency analysis
1.1.3.1 Principles of setting up the indicators
1.1.3.2 Indicators used for business efficiency analysis
* The indicators for evaluating economic efficiency:
+ Efficient use of input costs or input factors
+ Rate of turnover of input costs or input factors
+ Profitability of input costs or input factors
* The criteria for evaluating efficiency enterprises created for the
society: the ability to provide direct and indirect employment; the ability to
contribute to the State budget
1.2 ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS EFFICIENCY IN ENTERPRISES
1.2.1 Meaning and mission of analyzing business efficiency
1.2.2 Stages of analyzing business efficiency
Stages of analyzing business efficiency consist of the following ones: preparation, implementation and conclusion
1.2.3 Methods of analyzing business efficiency
Methods of analyzing business efficiency consist of the following ones: comparison, detail, exclusion, balance correlation, Dupont analysis and regression
1.2.4 Contents of analyzing business efficiency
Contents of analyzing business efficiency include analysis of business efficiency through indicators of use efficiency, profitability and rate of turnover of input costs or other input factors and indicators to evaluate the social efficiency
1.3 CHARACTERISTICS OF ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS EFFICIENCY
IN EXPORT WOOD PROCESSING ENTERPRISES
1.3.1 Characteristics of export wood processing industry affecting business efficiency and analysis of business efficiency
1.3.2 Business efficiency and business efficiency analysis in export wood processing enterprises
1.3.2.1 Business efficiency of export wood processing enterprises
Business efficiency of wood processing export enterprises is an economic category represented by the specific economic indicator system which is determined on the basis of comparison of the correlation between
Trang 4the outputs and the input costs or other input factors of the
enterprise Business efficiency reflects the level of using the resources of
export wood processing enterprises to accomplish their specific immediate
and long-term development objectives in order to further confirm the main
production role of export wood processing industry
1.3.2.2 Analysis of business efficiency in export wood processing
enterprises
Analysis of business efficiency in export wood processing enterprises
also include such stages as operation of analysis, method of analysis and
content of analysis which are similar to that carried out in the other
manufacturing enterprises in general, the only difference is the indicator
system for analysis
1.3.3 Characteristics of indicator system for analysis of business
efficiency in export wood processing industry
Indicator system for analyzing business efficiency in export wood
processing enterprises is developed based on the basic method of developing
indicators, combined with a number of specific indicators of the industry
such as productivity of sawing equipment, productivity of drying equipment,
productivity of detail processing equipment, productivity of product finishing
equipment, costs of direct materials
1.4 ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS EFFICIENCY IN SOME COUNTRIES IN
THE WORLD AND LESSONS DRAWN TO VIETNAM
1.4.1 Analysis of business efficiency in some countries in the world 1.4.2 Lessons drawn to analyzing business efficiency in Vietnam Conclusion drawn from Chapter 1
To get enough power to be able to survive and grow in today’s market economy; enterprises need to understand strengths and weaknesses of their business activities to have appropriate policy and decisions This is only carried out when enterprises analyze their business efficiency Analysis of business efficiency is not only necessary for any specific industry or business but needs to become a regular activity of all enterprises in all economic sectors and all areas of business including export wood processing industry
In Chapter 1, the author carries out in-depth study codifying the basic theoretic issues of business efficiency and the content of analyzing business efficiency in manufacturing enterprises in general and the export wood processing enterprises in particular
Trang 5
CHAPTER 2 CURRENT SITUATION OF ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS
EFFICIENCY IN EXPORT WOOD PROCESSING
ENTERPRISES IN SOUTH CENTRAL
2.1 OVERVIEW OF EXPORT WOOD PROCESSING ENTERPRISES IN
SOUTH CENTRAL REGION
2.2 CURRENT SITUATION OF BUSINESS EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS IN
EXPORT WOOD PROCESSING ENTERPRISES IN SOUTH CENTRAL
REGION
2.3 EVALUATION OF CURRENT SITUATION OF BUSINESS
ENTERPRISES IN SOUTH CENTRAL REGION
2.3.1 Operation of analysis
Aspects carried out: There have been a number of enterprises carrying
out analysis of business efficiency
Aspects not carried out yet: the process of analysis has not been
scientifically carried out, specifically, analysis has not been regularly done
and analyzers often lack experience
2.3.2 Method of analysis
Aspects carried out: Comparison method has been used by comparing
business efficiency indicators among different business terms of the enterprises
Aspects not carried out yet: data of the enterprise is not compared with
that of other enterprises in the same industry and the average of the industry, the analytical method used is still monotonous, not able to evaluate the variable nature of the indicators
2.3.3 Source of information used for analysis
Aspects carried out: information within the enterprise such as the
information from the accounting system and other offices of the enterprise has been used
Aspects not carried out yet: the quality of information within the
enterprise does not guarantee accuracy; information outside the enterprise has not been used
2.3.4 Content of analysis
Aspects carried out: enterprises have carried out general analysis of
business efficiency, rate of turnover of input factors and profitability of input factors
Aspects not carried out yet: lack of analysis of the efficiency of using
input costs or input factors, rate of turnover of costs and profitability of costs and social efficiency
Trang 62.3.5 Indicator system used for analysis
Aspects carried out: Indicator system has been used for general analysis
of business efficiency analysis and for evaluation of rate of turnover of the
assets and for profitability of assets and capital
Aspects not carried out yet: lack of indicators related to costs analysis,
enterprises have not yet agreed on the general indicator system as well as in
identifying indicators
Conclusion drawn from Chapter 2
Chapter 2 provides outline of the export wood processing industry in
South Central area and evaluates the current situation of analysis of business
efficiency in enterprises within the industry through documents of some
enterprises which conducted analysis of business efficiency Current situation
of business efficiency analysis in enterprises is very much affected by the
scale of the enterprise, so there has not been much attention paid to analysis
Therefore, the analysis of business efficiency is still very sketchy; it is prone
to required to do more than necessary to do and still focuses on the form
Before starting with Chapter 3, the author would like to confirm once
again that business effectiveness analysis can help administrators have a
general view on the basis of analyzing the nature of research issue, thereby
based on the conclusions of analysis to determine appropriate business
strategies, on one hand to overcome weaknesses, on the other hand to
promote strengths of business activities
CHAPTER 3 VIEWPOINTS AND SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS EFFICIENCY IN EXPORT WOOD PROCESSING ENTERPRISES IN SOUTH CENTRAL REGION
3.1 DEVELOPMENTAL ORIENTATION AND VIEWPOINTS ON BUILDING SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS EFFICIENCY IN EXPORT WOOD PROCESSING ENTERPRISES IN SOUTH CENTRAL REGION
3.2 BASIC SYSTEM OF SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE ANALYSIS OF
INDUSTRY IN SOUTH CENTRAL REGION
3.2.1 Improving the operation of analysis
3.2.1.1 Preparation for analysis
- Identifying objectives of analysis
- Identifying scope of analysis
- Identifying department in charge
- Identifying the time and method of analysis
- Making financial plan for analysis
3.2.1.2 Implementation of analysis
Before sorting and processing information used for analysis of business efficiency, it is necessary to select information:
Trang 7* Information inside the enterprise mainly includes financial statements
provided by the Accounting Department and the documents provided by
functional departments In order to increase the accuracy and value of the
output information, the information related to indicators stated in the
financial statements and other information related to costs should be
processed as follows:
- Information related to financial statements: Information should be
collected at various times to determine the average data
- For information related to costs, especially production costs,
management accounting should be combined with financial accounting when
accounting the costs, especially in the classification of costs according to
behavior of the costs Based on that, the enterprise can carry out reports of
business efficiency used for the internal management (including overall
report and sectional report) Analysts will base on profits determined in
sectional reports to evaluate how the performance of individual departments
affects the overall business efficiency of enterprise
For example, the data of Tan Thanh Dung Quat Export Wood JSC, after
calculation process, the author has made the report (tables 3.5 and 3.6 on page
13)
Based on tables 3.5 and 3.6 (page 13), it is possible to evaluate the
business efficiency of Tan Thanh Dung Quat Export Wood JSC which is low
because profit bears negative value The reason of loss in business is that the
production department and the management one have not yet achieved high
results
Table 3.5: Report on business performance based on costs ensuring
3 Total costs ensuring balance = (1) –
(Source: Calculated by the author)
Table 3.6: Detailed sectional report of Tan Thanh Dung Quat Export
Indicators Total Production
department
Sales Department
Management department
1 Net revenue 14.580.087.241 11.955.671.538 1.458.008.724 1.166.406.979
2 Variable costs
12.822.116.199 12.553.868.602 100.001.122 168.246.475
3 Costs ensuring balance = (1)-(2)
1.757.971.042 (598.197.064) 1.358.007.602 998.160.504
4 Sectional fixed costs
2.392.363.923 562.777.877 212.705.510 1.616.880.536
5 Sectional balance = (3)-(4)
(634.392.881) (1.160.974.941) 1.145.302.092 (618.720.032)
6 General fixed costs
7 Net profit (634.392.881) (1.160.974.941) 1.145.302.092 (618.720.032)
Trang 8(Source: Calculated by the author)
* Next is the information collected outside the enterprise such as
developmental orientation of the export wood processing industry in South
Central region, the factors affecting prices of raw materials can be obtained
from the Department of Trade and Industry, Vietnam Association of Wood
and Forest Products,
3.2.1.3 Conclusion of analysis
This is the stage of writing report Report needs to be comprehensive,
easy to understand and able to provide useful information for
decision-making; and must be detailed, clear, coherent, concise, but still address the
key issues
3.2.2 Improving method of analysis
3.2.2.1 Supplementing content of comparison method
It is necessary to supplement the comparison of the business efficiency
of enterprises with the average of the industry or with other peer enterprises’
3.2.2.2 Applying detail method
3.2.2.3 Applying exclusion method
For example, Dai Thanh Wood Technology JSC, uses the method of
continuous substitute evaluating factors affecting the rate of turnover of
short-term assets through indicator of “number of turnovers of short-term
assets”
+ Impacts of increase in the value of assets:
DTT0 DTT0
TSNH1
- TSNH0
= - 0,07 turnover + Impacts of increase in net revenue:
DTT1 DTT0
TSNH1
- TSNH1
= + 0,35 turnover + Synthesis of the impacts of factors:
∆HTSNH = ∆HTSNHTSNH + ∆HTSNHDTT = - 0,07 + 0,35 = + 0,28 turnover
3.2.2.4 Applying Dupont method
+ First, DuPont equation is established by modifying the indicator of
“Return on total assets” (ROA):
ROA = HTS x ROS
Of which: HTS: Number of turnovers of total assets ROS: Return on DTT
After establishing DuPont equation, applying method of difference to determine the influencing level of HTS and ROS to the variability of ROA (illustrative figures of Dai Thanh Wood Technology JSC)
- Impact of variability HTS:
∆ROAHTS = (HTS1 - HTS0) x ROS0 = + 0.03%
- Impact of variability ROS:
∆ROAROS = HTS1 x (ROS1 ROS0) = + 1.46%
- Synthesis of impact of these factors:
∆ROA = ∆ROAHTS + ∆ROAROS = 0.03% + 1.46% = 1.49%
+ Second, the thesis proposes simple Dupont equation for the indicator
of “Return on common equity” (ROE):
ROA ROE =
TTT
(Of which: TTT: The ratio
of self-financing)
3.2.2.5 Applying method of regression
The thesis proposes the method of single regression in estimation of operating costs (including costs of sales and corporate management costs) based on production and consumption
- First is establishing the regression equation of the following form:
Y = a + bX
Of which: Y is total operating costs
Trang 9a is total operating fixed costs
b is variable operating costs of output unit
X is production and consumption
- Next is collecting the data of total operating costs and production and
consumption in many consecutive terms, at least for terms For example, data
of Dai Thanh Wood Technology JSC is as follows:
Table 3.10: Statistics of total operating costs and production –
consumption costs at Dai Thanh Wood Technology JSC
(X) (item)
Total operating costs (Y)
(VND)
(Source: SalesDepartment – Dai Thanh Wood Technology JSC)
After calculation process done in Excel spreadsheet, the result obtained b =
29.835,64; a = 406.255.901; R = 0,41 - correlation between the total operating
costs and production and consumption costs is average and covariable
correlation
From the results obtained, we have a function:
Y = 406.255.901 + 29.835,64 X (*) From the function (*), the Company can determine the total operating
costs corresponding with each level of production and consumption
3.2.3 Improving source of information used for analysis
- For the accounting information, it is necessary to ensure accurate and
absolutely objective information by organizing accounting system consisting
of two classifications of financial accounting and management accounting Opening training courses on accounting operation to ensure the accuracy of accounting information and establishing the internal control department to check the accuracy of the accounting information provided
- It is necessary to open regular and periodic training courses for managers from low to high level to have professional management team
- It is necessary to open professional training for staff working as analyzers and proceed to recruit a team of professional employees properly trained for the establishment of a department specializing in business efficiency analysis
3.2.4 Improving the content of analysis and indicator system used for analysis
3.2.4.1 Sumplementing the indicators of efficient use of input costss or input factors
This group of indicators includes the following specific indicators productivity of sawing equipment, productivity of drying equipment, productivity of detail processing equipment, productivity of product finishing equipment, costs of direct materials
To determine the indicator of efficiency for each stage of production, export wood processing enterprises in South Central needs to identify the
“productive value” for each stage as follows:
+ The first way, enterprises need to track costs used in each stage of production to determine the productive value at each stage In this way, enterprises will have to wear extra costs, resulting in reduction of business results and efficiency
+ The second way, enterprises can relatively determine the productive value based on the percentage of costs at each stage If the total production costs is 1.000.000 VND then the productive value after the sawing stage will range from 840.000 to 860.000 VND, the productive value after after the
Trang 10drying stage will range from 880.000 VND to 890.000 VND, the productive
value after after the detail processing stage will range from 960.000 to
980.000 VND and the productive value after the finishing production stage
would be 1.000.000 – is the total costs of production
3.2.4.2 Supplementing the indicators of rate of turnover of input costs or
input factors
- Adjusting the way of identifying indicators used in calculation is
needed by: for the indicators taken from the balance sheet, it is necessary to
use the average figure between the beginning and end of the period or the
average figure at various times to ensure not ignore the variability of the
indicators in the period
- Supplementing the following indicators: “Number of turnovers of
assets”, “Number of turnovers of materials”, “Number of turnovers of
equity”
3.2.4.3 Supplementing the indicators of profitability input costs or input
factors
- Adjustment to identify indicators used in calculation is needed by: for
the indicators taken from the balance sheet, it is necessary to use the average
figure between the beginning and end of the period or the average figure at
various times to ensure not ignore the variability of the indicators in the
period
- Supplementing the following indicators: “Profitability of direct
materials”
3.2.4.4 Evaluation of social efficiency
- Stable income of workers
- Stable employment of workers
- Environmental protection
3.3 SOME FUNDAMENTAL SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE BUSINESS EFFICIENCY IN EXPORT WOOD PROCESSING ENTERPRISES IN SOUTH CENTRAL
3.3.1 Promoting investment in forestation for materials 3.3.2 Increasing investment and promoting production of interior furniture
3.3.3 Exploitation and use of raw materials associated with environmental protection
3.3.4 Investment in developing human resource
3.4 CONDITIONS TO CARRY OUT SOLUTIONS TO IMPROVE ANALYSIS OF BUSINESS EFFICIENCY IN ORDER TO IMPROVE
ENTERPRISES IN SOUTH CENTRAL REGION
3.4.1 For the State, industry, Associations and locality
- The State needs to promulgate brief regulations on forestation registration procedures and shorten the registration time for enterprises wishing to invest in forestation and facilitate them with loans
- Adjustments in the legal system in the direction of more complete which has been and will continue to be implemented are essential for the overall development of the economy and of export wood processing enterprises in South Central in particular
- The State needs to have policies to support loans for wood processing enterprises