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LWR Plant System-2

- Safety Related

System-July 27 Forth Period

T k hi SUMIKAWA Kazuhiro YOSHIKAWA Hitachi-GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd.

Hitachi GE Nuclear Energy, Ltd.

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Overview of ABWR Systems

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How does ABWR acheive it?

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4.Safety Systems of ABWR

4-1 Systems to “Shut down” a reactor

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4-1 Systems to “Shut down” the Reactor

CRD and SLC shut off the nuclear reaction

PCV RPV

HPCF Core

HPCF

Boron solution

PCV: Primary Containment Vessel

RPV: Reactor Pressure Vessel

S/P: Suppression Pool

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4-2 Systems to “Cool down” the Reactor

Why does the core need to be “Cooled

down” even after the “Shut down”?

RETRAN code

Equation by Todreas

Decay heat

compare to the

design thermal

f th

energy of the core

Because of the continuous Decay heat after the nuclear fission

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ECCS consists of 3 functions

ECCS consists of 3 functions.

Pressure: approx. 7MPa

in operating condition

1: High Pressure Core Injection

PCV RPV

Cool water source Core

To

Turbine

Cool water

Cool water source

3: Low Pressure Core Injection

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Redundancy and Independence of ECCS secure the margin of safety.

HPCF: High Pressure Core Flooder

RCIC: Reactor Core Isolation Cooling

ADS: Automatic Depressurization System

LPFL: Low Pressure Flooder RHR: Residual Heat Removal

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4-2 Systems to “Cool down” the Reactor (ECCS)

High Pressure Core Flooder (HPCF)

High Pressure HPCF injects water into RPV at high

pressure to keep the Reactor water level

PCV RPV

HPCF pump

(motor driven)

High pressure

First water source

Second

g p injection

Second water source

CST：Condensate Storage Tank

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Reactor Core Isolation Cooling (RCIC)

High Pressure RCIC injects water into RPV at high

pressure with no electric supply

PCV RPV

(same as HPCF)

RCIC turbine

RCIC pump

(turbine driven)

g p injection

CST：Condensate Storage Tank

Second water source

(same as HPCF)

power supply

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Automatic Depressurization System (ADS)

High Pressure In the event of an emergency, 8

of SRVs open to make a path for

PCV RPV

of SRVs open to make a path for Main Steam to the S/P to

SRV：Safety Relief Valve

MS: Main Steam S/P: Suppression Pool

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Low Pressure Flooder System (LPFL)

LPFL injects large amount of water into RPV at low pressure to keep the

PCV RPV

L P

Water spray

into RPV at low pressure to keep the water level

Core

Cool water Low Pressure

RHR：Residual Heat Removal

RHR heat exchanger

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ECCS initiates automatically in the

emergency situation.

PCV RPV

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4-3 Constructions and systems to “Contain” a reactor

Containment systems not to discharge

R/B

Containment systems not to discharge

the fission products to outside.

PCV Vessel Supporting systems

R/B

Primary Containment

R/B SGTS

(treat and discharge either primary or p y secondary containment air to outside via filter.)

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PCV: Primary Containment Vessel RPV: Reactor Pressure Vessel R/B：Reactor Building

FCS: Flammable gas Control System SGTS: Standby Gas Treatment System

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Primary Containment Vessel (PCV)

PCV shuts FP in the controlled

FP; Fission Product

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PCV Spray Cooling

PCV Spray Cooling prevents PCV from exceeding its design

PCV RPV

Water spray

RHR pump

RHR heat

p y RHR.

RHR：Residual Heat Removal

RHR heat exchanger

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Flammable Gas Control System (FCS)

FCS controls the mixture of Hydrogen and Oxygen gas in PCV

Hydrogen gas by

PCV RPV

Hydrogen and Oxygen gas in PCV, which could be produced during LOCA (Loss Of Coolant Accident)

metal‐water reaction

blower heater

Core

Hydrogen and oxygen

Co e

gas water

water

Recombine Hydrogen and

Hydrogen and Oxygen gas by water radiolysis

water radiolysis

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negative by SGTS

*Allowance value in case of ABWR

*Allowance value in case of ABWR SGTS; Standby Gas Treatment System

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Standby Gas Treatment System (SGTS)

Design Philosophies

• Radiological release to the environment is prevented by maintaining R/B

Standby Gas Treatment System (SGTS)

Radiological release to the environment is prevented by maintaining R/B pressure negative(-63Pa)

• Radioactive substance in PCV are removed and captured in the filter

device.

Reactor Area of Reactor Building(R/B)

Primary Containment Vessel(PCV) Filt D i

• Exhaust fan Number : 2 sets

Exhaust fan Stack

Filter Device

Demoisturzer/

Capacity:

approx.2000m 3 /h *

Exhaust fan Demoisturzer/

Number : 1 set Filter Efficiency :

21

; Flow of atmosphere

y over 99.99% for Iodine

*Capacity of ABWR

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Atmospheric Control System (AC)

PCV AC establish the inert

atmosphere of PCV with

Removes the radioactive

RPV

atmosphere of PCV with Nitrogen gas.

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Overview of ABWR Systems

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5.Auxiliary Systems of ABWR

5-1 Systems to cleanup the reactor water

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5-1.Reactor Water Cleanup System (CUW)

PCV

Water qualities

Feed Water Line

qsuch as conductivity, density of

RPV

T RHR

Re-generate type Heat Exchanger

density of impurities are controlled through the filter devices

Filter

Device Non-regenerate type

Heat Exchanger

Cleanup the

25 CUW Pump

reactor water

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5-2 System to cool down the spent fuel pool

Why does the spent fuel need to be

cooled?

RETRAN code

Equation by Todreas

Decay heat

compare to the

design thermal

f th

energy of the core

Because of the continuous Decay heat after the nuclear fission

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5-2 System to cool down the spent fuel pool

Fuel Pool Cooling and Filtering System

(FPC)

FPC removes decaySFP

FPC heat exchanger FPC Pump

出典：GE Energy「ABWR Plant General Description」

Demineralizer

Cool downClean up

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5-3 Ultimate Heat Sink

R/B Closed Cooling Water System (RCW) /

Reactor Service Water System (RSW)

How are the many Heat exchangers cooled down?

RSW Pump RCW heat

h Core heat

Ultimate Heat Sink

(sea, pond, cooling tower, etc.) Hot

Heat exchangers

(RHR CUW FPC t )

Hot waterThe core heat is ultimately discharged to the UHS

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RCW Pump (RHR, CUW, FPC, etc.) discharged to the UHS

(Ultimate Heat Sink)

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Summary (key words)

4-1 Systems to “Shut down” a reactory

CRD, SLC

4-2 Systems to “Cool down” a reactor

ECCS, HPCF, RCIC, ADS, LPFL(RHR)

4-3 Structures or Systems to “Contain” a reactor

PCV, FCS, R/B, SGTS, AC

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• supplement

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ECCS Automatic startup water level signals

Level8 (L8) trip turbine

trip feed water pump

ECCS Automatic startup water level signals

Separator

skirt

L8 NWL L3 L2

Level2 (L2) start RCIC(not ECCS signal)

trip 6 RIPs Level1.5 (L1.5) start HPCF/RCIC

close MSIV

t t D/G

L1 Top of active fuel

start D/G Level1 (L1) start LPFL

start ADS

SGTS : Standby Gas Treatment System

RIP

fuel SGTS : Standby Gas Treatment System

RCIC : Reactor Core Isolation Cooling System HPCF: High Pressure Core Flooder

MSIV : Main Steam Isolation Valve D/G : Diesel Generator

D/G : Diesel Generator LPFL : Low Pressure Flooder System ADS : Automatic Depressurization System

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