Sun Fundamentals of Solaris 7 EU-118 Student Guide With Instructor Notes phần 1 ppt

12-18 Exercise: Using the Basic Features of the Korn Shell ..... Solaris Getting Started Files and Directories Managing Files and Processes Computing Environment Accessing Your System Fe

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About This Course xvii

Course Overview xviii

Course Map xix

Module-by-Module Overview xx

Course Objectives xxvii

Skills Gained by Module xxviii

Topics Not Covered xxix

How Prepared Are You? xxx

Introductions xxxi

How to Use Course Materials xxxii

Course Icons and Typographical Conventions xxxiv

Icons xxxiv

Typographical Conventions xxxv

Notes to the Instructor xxxvi

Philosophy xxxvi

Course Tools xxxvii

Instructor Setup Notes xxxix

Purpose of This Guide xxxix Course Files xl Course Components xl

Solaris Computing Environment 1-1

Relevance 1-2 Introduction to Solaris 1-3 Main Components of a Computer 1-5 Random Access Memory (RAM) 1-7 Central Processing Unit (CPU) 1-7 Input/Output (I/O) 1-7 Hard Disk (or Other Forms of Mass Storage) 1-7 The Solaris Distributed Computing Solution 1-8 Kernel 1-10 Shell 1-12 The File System 1-14 Main Capabilities of the Operating System 1-17

Main Capabilities of the Common Desktop Environment(CDE) 1-18Exercise: Using the Solaris Computing Environment 1-20Tasks 1-20Workshop Labs 1-21Exercise Summary 1-22Exercise Solutions 1-23Check Your Progress 1-25Think Beyond 1-26

Accessing Your System 2-1

Relevance 2-2User Accounts 2-3The Root Account 2-3The/etc/passwd Entry 2-4Password Requirements 2-6The Mouse Buttons 2-7The Left Mouse Button 2-7The Middle Mouse Button 2-8The Right Mouse Button 2-8Logging In 2-9The Options Button 2-10Logging in Using the Login Screen 2-12Logging in Using the Command Line 2-13Exiting From the Command Line 2-14Changing Your Password 2-15The CDE Workspaces 2-17Managing Windows 2-18Overlapping Windows 2-18Lowering a Window 2-19Moving a Window 2-20Minimizing a Window 2-22Maximizing a Window 2-24Closing a Window 2-26Leaving the CDE Session 2-28Using the Exit Button 2-28Exercise: Accessing Your System 2-31Tasks 2-31Workshop Labs 2-32Exercise Summary 2-33Exercise Solutions 2-34Check Your Progress 2-35Think Beyond 2-36

Features of the Common Desktop Environment 3-1

Relevance 3-2The Front Panel Arrangement 3-3

Front Panel Menu Button 3-5 Locking the Display 3-7 Workspace Buttons 3-9 Minimizing the Front Panel 3-12 The Workspace Menu 3-14 Voice and Text Note Applications 3-16 Address Manager 3-18 Customizing Your Workspace With Style Manager 3-20 Style Manager Options 3-22 Color Control 3-22 Font 3-23 Backdrop 3-24 Keyboard 3-25 Mouse 3-26 Beep 3-27 Screen 3-28 Window 3-29 Startup 3-30 Notes 3-31 Customizing Subpanels 3-32 Application Manager 3-34 Exercise: Using the Front Panel 3-36 Tasks 3-36 Workshop Labs 3-37 Exercise Summary 3-38 Check Your Progress 3-39 Think Beyond 3-40

Getting Help 4-1

Relevance 4-2 Front Panel Help 4-3 Help Viewer 4-5 Searching the Help Index 4-6 AnswerBook2 4-7

On Item Help 4-9 Other Ways to Access Help 4-11 Displaying Man Pages 4-13 Using theman Command 4-13 Using theman Command Without Options 4-14 Scrolling in Man Pages 4-15 Searching Man Pages by Section 4-16 Exercise: Getting Help 4-18 Tasks 4-18 Workshop Labs 4-19 Exercise Summary 4-20 Exercise Solutions 4-21

Check Your Progress 4-22Think Beyond 4-23

Accessing Files and Directories 5-1

Relevance 5-2File System Structure 5-3Pathnames 5-4Absolute Pathname 5-6Relative Pathname 5-8Command-Line Syntax 5-10Changing Directories Using thecd Command 5-12Command Format 5-12Moving Around the Directory Hierarchy 5-13Displaying the Current Directory Using thepwd Command 5-14Command Format 5-14Determining Your Current Directory 5-15Using thels Command 5-18Command Format 5-18Listing the Contents of a Directory 5-19Displaying Hidden Files 5-19Displaying File Types 5-20Displaying a Long Listing 5-21Listing Individual Directories 5-22Metacharacters 5-23Asterisk 5-24Question Mark 5-26Square Brackets 5-28Semicolon 5-30File System Structure 5-32Exercise: Accessing Files and Directories 5-33Tasks 5-33Workshop Labs 5-36Exercise Summary 5-37Exercise Solutions 5-38Check Your Progress 5-42Think Beyond 5-43

Directory and File Commands 6-1

Relevance 6-2Control Characters 6-3Determining File Type 6-5Command Format 6-6Example Text File 6-6Example Data File 6-7Example Executable File 6-7

Displaying Files 6-8Using the cat Command 6-8Using themore Command 6-10Using thehead Command 6-12Using thetail Command 6-14Using thewc Command 6-16Comparing Files 6-18Locating Text Differences With thecmp Command 6-18Using thediff Command 6-20File and Directory Naming Conventions 6-23Creating Files 6-25Command Format 6-25Creating Empty Files 6-25Creating and Appending Using thetee Command 6-26Creating Directories 6-28Command Format 6-28Creating Directories 6-29Copying Files 6-31Command Format 6-31Copying a File to Another Within a Directory 6-32Copying Multiple Files 6-32Preventing Overwriting an Existing File When

Copying 6-32Copying Directories 6-33Command Format 6-33Copying the Contents of a Directory to a New

Directory 6-34Moving and Renaming Files 6-35Command Format 6-35Renaming Files in the Current Directory 6-36Moving Files to Another Directory 6-36Renaming Directories 6-37Moving a Directory and Its Contents 6-37Renaming in a Non-Current Directory 6-38Removing Files 6-39Command Format 6-39Removing Directories 6-41Command Format 6-41Removing Directories 6-42Redirection 6-43Overview 6-43Angle Brackets ( >,<, 2> ) 6-45Angle Brackets (>> ) 6-46Piping 6-47Displaying Command Output One Screen at a Time 6-48Using thetee Command in a Pipeline 6-48

Exercise: Using Directory and File Commands 6-49 Tasks 6-49 Workshop Labs 6-51 Exercise Summary 6-52 Exercise Solutions 6-53 Check Your Progress 6-56 Think Beyond 6-57

Managing Files With File Manager 7-1

Relevance 7-2 The File Manager 7-3 File and Folder Icons 7-5 Moving and Copying Files Using Drag-and-Drop 7-7 Select + Drag + Drop 7-8 Control + Select + Drag + Drop 7-8 File Menu Options 7-9 Creating a New Folder 7-10 Creating a New File 7-12 Folder or File Name Conflicts 7-13 Changing Folders 7-14 Finding Folders and Files 7-15 Selected Menu Options 7-17 View Menu Options 7-21 Tree Display for Folders 7-23 Exercise: Managing Files With File Manager 7-25 Tasks 7-25 Exercise Summary 7-26 Check Your Progress 7-27 Think Beyond 7-28

File Security 8-1

Relevance 8-2 Security Overview 8-3 Permissions 8-4 Superuser 8-4 Thels -l Command 8-5 Permission Categories 8-7 How File and Directory Access Is Determined 8-9 Process For Determining Permissions 8-10 Default Permissions 8-11 Types of Permissions 8-12 Changing Permissions 8-15 Overview 8-15 Symbolic Mode 8-16 Octal (Absolute) Mode 8-18

Default Permissions 8-22 Theumask Filter 8-22 Changing theumask Value 8-26 Exercise: Changing File Permissions 8-27 Tasks 8-27 Workshop Labs 8-29 Exercise Summary 8-30 Exercise Solutions 8-31 Check Your Progress 8-34 Think Beyond 8-35

Using thevi Editor 9-1

Relevance 9-2 Introduction tovi 9-3

vi Modes 9-4 Invokingvi 9-6 Command Format 9-6 Input Commands 9-7 Positioning Commands 9-8 Editing Commands 9-9 Deleting Text 9-9 Undoing, Repeating, and Changing Text Commands 9-10 Copying and Pasting Text 9-11 Saving and Quitting Files 9-12 Advanced Editing Options 9-13 Creating and Saving a File 9-15 Exercise: Using the vi Editor 9-16 Tasks 9-16 Exercise Summary 9-17 Check Your Progress 9-18 Think Beyond 9-19

Bourne and Korn Shell Variables 10-1

Relevance 10-2 Introduction 10-3 Shell Variables 10-4 Overview 10-4 Local Shell Variables 10-6 Displaying Shell Variables 10-8 Environment Variables 10-9 Exporting Variables 10-10 Displaying Environment Variables 10-12 ThePATH Variable 10-13 Thewhich Command 10-14 Thewhereis Command 10-14 Exercise: Using Bourne and Korn Shell Variables 10-16 Tasks 10-16

Workshop Labs 10-17 Exercise Summary 10-18 Exercise Solutions 10-19 Check Your Progress 10-21 Think Beyond 10-22

Initialization Files 11-1

Relevance 11-2 Features of Initialization Files 11-3 Overview 11-3 The/etc/profile Script 11-5 Login Sequence 11-6 The.dtprofile 11-10 Shells 11-11 TheENV Environment Variable 11-14 Command Format 11-14 Setting the.kshrcVariable 11-14 Exercise: Setting Initialization Files 11-16 Tasks 11-16 Exercise Summary 11-17 Exercise Solutions 11-18 Check Your Progress 11-19 Think Beyond 11-20

Basic Features of the Korn Shell 12-1

Relevance 12-2 Korn Shell Overview 12-3 Quoting in Shells 12-4 Korn Shell Features 12-5 Custom Prompts 12-5 Aliases 12-7 History in the Korn Shell 12-10 Overview 12-10 Thehistory Command 12-12 Re-Executing Commands 12-14 Editing the Command Line 12-16 Additional Features of the Korn Shell 12-18 Exercise: Using the Basic Features of the Korn Shell 12-19 Tasks 12-19 Workshop Labs 12-20 Exercise Summary 12-21 Exercise Solutions 12-22 Check Your Progress 12-24 Think Beyond 12-25

Printing 13-1

Relevance 13-2

Command Line Printing 13-3Command Format 13-3Sending Files to a Printer 13-4Displaying Printer Status and Queues 13-5Command Format 13-5Displaying the Status of All of Your Output Requests 13-6Displaying Requests on a Specific Printer’s Queue 13-6Determining the Status of All Configured Printers 13-6Determining Which Printers Are Configured on

Your System 13-7Displaying Which Printers Are Accepting Requests 13-7Removing a Print Request 13-8Command Format 13-8Canceling a Print Request 13-8Printer Jobs 13-10Viewing Printer Properties 13-12Setting Printer Job Options 13-14Printing From the File Manager 13-16Displaying the Banner Page Title 13-18Canceling a Print Request 13-19Exercise: Printing Files 13-21Tasks 13-21Exercise Summary 13-22Exercise Solutions 13-23Check Your Progress 13-24Think Beyond 13-25

File and User Information Utilities 14-1

Relevance 14-2File Systems 14-3Inode Numbers 14-5Linking Files and Directories 14-6Links 14-6Theln Command 14-11Finding Files 14-12Thefind Command 14-12Using thefind Command 14-15Additional Features of thefind Command 14-16Thegrep Command 14-17Command Format 14-18Switching to Another User Account Using thesu

Command 14-19Command Format 14-19Using the su Command to Become Another User 14-20

Using theid Command 14-21Command Format 14-21Displaying Your Current UID 14-22Using thewho Command 14-23Command Format 14-23Displaying Users on the System 14-23Using thewho am i andwhoami Commands 14-25who am i 14-25whoami 14-26Thesort Command 14-27Command Format 14-28Usingsort With Different Options 14-29Usingsort on Different Fields Within a File 14-30Exercise: Using File and User Information Utilities 14-31Tasks 14-31Workshop Labs 14-33Exercise Summary 14-34Exercise Solutions 14-35Check Your Progress 14-38Think Beyond 14-39

Backing Up and Restoring 15-1

Relevance 15-2Contents Overview 15-3Thetar Command 15-4Command Format 15-4Saving a Directory to Tape 15-5Thecompress Command 15-6Command Format 15-6Command Format: Uncompressing 15-7Thejar Command 15-8Command Format 15-8Adding All the Files in a Directory to an Archive 15-9Themt Command 15-10Command Format 15-10Commands 15-11Backing up and Restoring the Home Directory 15-12Backing up the Home Directory 15-12Restoring the Home Directory 15-13Exercise: Saving and Restoring Files 15-14Tasks 15-14Workshop Labs 15-14Exercise Summary 15-15Exercise Solutions 15-16Check Your Progress 15-17Think Beyond 15-18

System Processes and Memory Management 16-1

Relevance 16-2System Process Overview 16-3Process Hierarchy 16-4Processes and PIDs 16-6Command Format 16-6Displaying a Full Listing of All Processes 16-7Searching for a Specific Process 16-8Managing Jobs 16-9Terminating Processes 16-13Signals 16-13Thekill Command 16-14Command Format 16-14Terminating a Process 16-14Memory 16-17Physical Memory (RAM) and Swap Space 16-17Paging 16-19Exercise: Manipulating System Processes 16-20Tasks 16-20Workshop Labs 16-21Exercise Summary 16-22Exercise Solutions 16-23Check Your Progress 16-25Think Beyond 16-26

Network Basics 17-1

Relevance 17-2Client-Server 17-3Example Networking Environment 17-3Distributed Processing 17-4Network 17-4Host 17-5Server 17-5Client 17-5Naming Services 17-5Network Commands 17-6telnet 17-6Using therlogin Command 17-8Overview 17-8Specifying a Different Login ID 17-10Logging in Remotely as Another User 17-11Terminating a Local Process From a Remote

Machine 17-12Usingrlogin andpkill to Recover From a

“Hung” CDE Session 17-13Using theftp Command 17-14

Using therusers Command 17-16Command Format 17-16Displaying Remote Users on a Network 17-16The NIS+ Naming Service 17-18Decentralized Administration 17-18Centralized Administration 17-19The NFS System 17-20NFS Server 17-21NFS Client 17-22Exercise: Performing Network Basics 17-23Tasks 17-23Workshop Lab 17-23Exercise Summary 17-24Exercise Solutions 17-25Check Your Progress 17-26Think Beyond 17-27

Mail Tool and Calendar Manager 18-1

Relevance 18-2The Mail Icon and Mail Window 18-3The Mail Window 18-4New Messages 18-5Attached Files 18-5Increasing and Decreasing the Message Viewing Area 18-6Responding to a Received Message 18-7Deleting Mail Messages 18-10Creating Alternate Mailboxes 18-14Moving Messages to Alternate Mailboxes 18-15Composing New Mail Messages 18-16Attaching Files to Mail Messages 18-17Setting up Mail Aliases 18-18Other Mail Tool Options 18-19The Calendar Manager 18-20Viewing the Calendar 18-22Day View 18-22Week View 18-23Year View 18-24Adding an Appointment 18-25Setting Start and End Times 18-26Selecting a Date 18-27Appointment Editor Options 18-28Printing Calendar Appointments 18-30Setting Calendar Options 18-32Editor Defaults 18-33Display Settings 18-34Access List and Permissions 18-35

Printer Settings 18-36Date Format 18-37Finding Appointments 18-38Browsing Other Calendars 18-39Exercise: Using the Mail Tool and Calendar Manager 18-40Tasks 18-40Exercise Summary 18-42Check Your Progress 18-43Think Beyond 18-44

Features of the C Shell A-1

C Shell Variables A-2Local Variables A-2Environment Variables A-3Path A-4History in the C Shell A-5Thehistory Command A-5Command-Line Substitution A-7

C Shell Features A-12Customizing Your Prompt A-12Aliases A-13

Command-Line Mail B-1

Introduction tomailx B-2Command-Line Mail B-3Command Format B-3Reading Your Mail B-3Sending a Mail Message B-4Canceling a Mail Message B-5Reading a Mail Message B-6Mail Headers B-7Reading a Specific Message B-9Deleting and Undeleting a Mail Message B-10Replying to a Mail Message B-11Saving a Mail Message B-13Printing a Mail Message B-14Command Format B-14Sending a Message to the Printer B-14Quitting Mail B-15Sending a File Using Mail B-16Creating a Mail Alias B-17Command Format B-17Using Tilde Commands B-18Command Format B-18

Workshop Lab Solutions C-1

Module 2 – Accessing Your System C-3

Module 3 – Introduction to the Common DesktopEnvironment C-4Module 4 – Getting Help C-5Module 5 – Accessing Files and Directories C-6Module 6 – Directory and File Commands C-7Module 8 – File Security C-8Module 10 – Bourne and Korn Shell Variables C-9Module 12 – Basic Features of the Korn Shell C-10Module 14 – File and User Information Utilities C-11Module 15 – Backing Up and Restoring C-12Module 16 – System Processes and Memory Management C-13Module 17 – Network Basics C-14

Metacharacters D-1 Introduction tosed andawk E-1Regular Expressions E-2Using Noninteractive Power Tools:sed E-3Command Format E-3Removing Characters With sed E-5Placing Characters at the End of Each Line E-5Changing White Space to Colons in Data E-6Using Noninteractive Power Tools:awk E-7Command Format E-7Usingawk to Display Specific Data E-8

The Text Editor F-1

Opening a Text Editor Window F-2File Menu Options F-4Edit Menu Options F-7Replacing Text F-9Format Menu Options F-12Text Editor Options F-13

Index Index-1

About This Course

Course Goal

This class is designed to introduce new users to UNIX®and theCommon Desktop Environment used with the Solaris™ 7 operating

system Upon completion of this class, you will have an understanding

of basic UNIX commands and feel comfortable using the manycomponents of the windowing environment

The concepts introduced in this class will prepare you for follow-oncourses pertinent to your job duties or career goals These classes

include SA-237: Solaris 7 System Administration I, SL-120: Shell

Programming, and SL-125: Korn Shell Programming.

✓ Use this module to get the students excited about this course.

✓ With regard to the overheads: To avoid confusion among the students, it is very important

to tell them that the page numbers on the overheads have no relation to the page numbers

in their course materials They should use the title of each overhead as a reference.

✓ The strategy provided by the “About This Course” is to introduce students to the course before they introduce themselves to you and one another By familiarizing them with the content of the course first, their introductions will have more meaning in relation to the course prerequisites and objectives.

✓ Use this introduction to the course to determine how well students are equipped with the prerequisite knowledge and skills.

Course Overview

Attending this course provides hands-on experience with useful UNIXcommands You will also learn to use and customize the features of theCommon Desktop Environment (CDE)

During the course of this class you will learn how to log in and out ofyour workstation; gain an understanding of the file structure used inSolaris 7 and ways in which to navigate this structure; protect yourfiles from unauthorized use; and create or remove directories and files

A tutorial designed to introduce the basics of the standard UNIXeditor,vi, is included Hands-on modules which will familiarize youwith the CDE graphical user interface (GUI) are an integral part of theinstruction Throughout the course, emphasis is placed on preparing afoundation of knowledge from which to build

Course Map

A complete map of this course is shown below

Solaris

Getting Started

Files and Directories

Managing Files and Processes

Computing Environment

Accessing Your System

Features of the Common Desktop Environment Getting Help

Accessing Files and Directories

Managing Files With File Manager File Security

System Processes and Memory Management

Bourne and Korn

Initialization Files Basic Features of

the Korn Shell Shell Variables

Networks Additional Programs

Network Basics

Mail Tool and Calendar Manager Directory and File Commands

Module-by-Module Overview

This course includes the following modules:

● Module 1 – “Solaris Computing Environment”

This module will introduce you to some basic computer conceptsand terminology In particular, it focuses on the components andcapabilities of the UNIX operating system and the enhancements

of the Solaris computing environment (the Sun™ version of theUNIX system)

● Module 2 – “Accessing Your System”

The purpose of a user password, the steps to log in and log out of

a computer, and how to change the user password, are described

in this module

Module-by-Module Overview

● Module 3 – “Features of the Common Desktop Environment”Information on the ways in which the features of the CDEgraphical user interface, particularly the Front Panel, can be usedand modified to make your environment function appropriatelyfor you is provided in this module

● Module 4 – “Getting Help”

This module describes how to access the information resourcesavailable to you, including help for individual items and manualpages

● Module 5 – “Accessing Files and Directories”

This module will introduce you to the concepts concerning filesand directories, including using pathnames, locating and listingthem, and combining file and directory commands

● Module 6 – “Directory and File Commands”

Solaris environment commands used to create and remove, findinformation about, and perform other tasks on files and directoriesare introduced in this module

● Module 7 – “Managing Files With File Manager”

How to use the File Manager to organize and manage files isdescribed in this module

Module-by-Module Overview

● Module 8 – “File Security”

This module describes the concepts and skills needed to use basicsecurity features

● Module 9 – “Using the viEditor”

How to use the vieditor to create and modify text files isdescribed in this module

● Module 10 – “Bourne and Korn Shell Variables”

Setting and unsetting shell and environment variables, with afocus on the Bourne and Korn shells, is covered in this module

● Module 11 – “Initialization Files”

This module describes the files that the shell executes when youlog in to the system and gives an overview of the initialization filesfor the Bourne, Korn, and C shells

Module-by-Module Overview

● Module 12 – “Basic Features of the Korn Shell”

Additional information about the Korn shell and its features isprovided in this module

● Module 13 – “Printing”

This module discusses the basic command-line commands that areused to send a file to a printer, check the status of a printer queue,and cancel a print request, respectively The graphical interface ofthe CDE Print Manager is also covered in detail in this module

Module-by-Module Overview

● Module 14 – “File and User Information Utilities”

This module introduces creating alternate names for files and

directories (linking), using commands to search for files when their

location is not known, and archiving files This module also looks

at some commands that allow for more user functionality in amulti-user environment, and tools that help users to manipulatefiles and data

● Module 15 – “Backing up and Restoring”

Basic UNIX utilities for backing up and restoring files are covered

in this module

● Module 16 – “System Processes and Memory Management”Some helpful commands for viewing and controlling the processesrunning on the system are introduced in this module

Module-by-Module Overview

● Module 17 – “Network Basics”

Networking is an integral part of the Solaris 7 environment Thismodule introduces some basic networking concepts and

commands

● Module 18 – “Mail Tool and Calendar Manager”

The CDE Mail Tool provides a graphical interface for reading,sending, and replying to electronic mail messages This moduleintroduces ways in which the Mail Tool can be customized to meet

a user’s requirements Calendar Manager provides a variety offeatures, including scheduling and reminding you of

appointments, and viewing others’ calendars

Module-by-Module Overview

In addition, the following appendices are included:

● Appendix A – “Features of the C Shell”

● Appendix B – “Command-Line Mail”

● Appendix C – “Workshop Lab Solutions”

● Appendix D - “Metacharacters”

● Appendix E – “Introduction to sedand awk”

● Appendix F – “The Text Editor”