Human resources for industrialization and modernization associated with the development of knowledge based economy in the province of thua thien hue at the present time

INTRODUCTION 1. The urgency of the theme Theory and practice have confirmed the critical role of human resources, especially HighQuality Human Resources for the socioeconomic development in general and industrialization and modernization in particular. In fact, nations and locals paying interest in training and rationally effective use of human resources have reaped success. The rapid recovery of Germany after World War II, or the miraculous development of the countries and territories with the advanced industry in Asia like Japan, Korea, and Singapore ... is clear evidence. Human resources plays a decisive role, but different levels of development pose different requirements for human resources. In the context of the scientific and technological revolution, the trend of globalization and the rapid spread of the knowledgebased economy, Vietnam can not make industrialization, modernization in the traditional way but taking a shortcut and wait in front instead, ie industrialization, modernization are associated with the development of the knowledgebased economy. The Resolution of the Tenth Party Congress confirmed Seize the favorable advantages created by the international context and the potential, advantages of the country to shorten the process of industrialization and modernization in the country as socialistoriented, socialism associated with the development of the knowledgebased economy. To accomplish this goal, in the strategy of socioeconomic development to the year 2020, the Party identified three breakthroughs and one of them is rapid development of human resources, especially highquality human resources. Thua Thien Hue is a Province in the Central Region with relatively harsh natural conditions and limited resources for the socioeconomic development. Recognizing the importance of human resource development, HighQuality Human Resources for the socioeconomic growth and development, Thua Thien Hue Province has so far formed the Project 02TU2008 for training doctors and masters abroad; Project 03TU2008 for training of key staff in communes, wards and town by titles; Planning for Education Training development by 2015 and orientations to 2020; Project for development of vocational training in the period of 20112015 and prospect to 2020… The education level of the population in working age has a positive change: the literacy rate of employment in 2005 was 83% by 2010 increased to 93.5%; the rate of educated workers from secondary school and high school is increasing with high density, in 2001 accounted for 33.6% and in 2010, 49.5%. Along with the increasing education level of workers, the knowledge trend to form HighQuality Human Resources is increasingly is very clear: in 2010 the number of people with postgraduate degrees was 2,024 people, 41,744 people with university degrees, 13,505 people with college degrees, 34,198 people at intermediate level, technical workers, 202,860 at primary level, 148 professors and associate professors, 106 meritorious People’s teachers, 15 meritorious People’s physicians, 16 meritorious artisDr. In addition, the capacity, the ability to create, manipulate the knowledge, skills, training in scientific research, teaching, leadership, management, labor, manufacturing, health care, community were raised: in 2006 there were 98 scientific researchers awarded the Ancient Capital prize in sciencetechnology; in the period 2003 – 2008, 13,100 scientific researchs, innovation and creativity of workers and employees were applied… However, the human resources of the Province is not commensurate with the requirements of industrialization and modernization associated with the development of the knowledgebased economy. Major manifestations are: 1) Workers from 15 or older not having the technical expertise account for relatively high proportion (87.4% in 2009), the number of employees with technical expertise was only 12.6%; 2) The level of training takes time to change; 3) The qualifications training structure between vocational levels was inadequate: elementary vocational training and equivalent accounted for more than 84%; while Vocational Intermediate and equivalent accounted for only 14%, while vocational college training was too low, only 1.79%; 4) The staff of the commune, ward or township has limited capacity,

HA THI HANG

HUMAN RESOURCES FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION ASSOCIATED WITH KNOWLEDGE - BASED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

IN THUA THIEN HUE NOWADAYS

THE DOCTORAL THESIS IN ECONOMICS

HA THI HANG

HUMAN RESOURCES FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION ASSOCIATED WITH KNOWLEDGE - BASED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

IN THUA THIEN HUE NOWADAYS

Major : Political Economy Code : 62 31 01 01

THE DOCTORAL THESIS IN ECONOMICS

Scientific instructors: 1 Associate Prof.Dr.Tran Quang Lam

HA NOI – 2013

For Industrialization And Modernization Associated With based Economic Development In Thua Thien Hue Nowadays” my own

Knowledge-work and to the best of my knowledge Data and materials used in the thesis are real with obvious origins; findings in this thesis are studied results of the writer.

AUTHOR OF THE THESIS

Ha Thi Hang

AN OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH INTO HUMAN RESOURCE

FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION

CHAPTER 2:

RATIONALE AND REALITY OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR

INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION ASSOCIATED

28

with the development of the knowledge-based economy

28

industrialization and modernization associated with the

development of the knowledge-based economy

28

development of knowledge-based economy and requirements of

human resources

35

industrialization and modernization associated with the

development of the knowledge-based economy

48

industrialization and modernization associated with the

development of the knowledge-based economy

49

industrialization and modernization associated with the

development of the knowledge-based economy

51

Asian countries

provinces in Vietnam

68

resources for industrialization and modernization associated with

the development of the knowledge-based economy

73

CHAPTER 3:

THE CURRENT SITUATION OF HUMAN RESOURCE FOR

INDUSTRIAL INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION

ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF

KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY IN THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE

76

Hue affecting the formation and development of human resourcesfor industrialization and modernization associated with the

development of the knowledge-based economy

76

formation and development of human resources for industrializationand modernization associated with the development of the

knowledge-based economy

76

formation and development of human resources for industrializationand modernization associated with the development of the

knowledge-based economy

78

influencing the formation and development of human resources forindustrialization and modernization associated with thedevelopment of knowledge-based economy in the province of Thua

Thien Hue

80

industrialization and modernization associated with thedevelopment of knowledge-based economy in Thua Thien HueProvince

83

Thien Hue

industrialization and modernization associated with the

development of knowledge-based economy in the province of Thua

Thien Hue

90

industrialization and modernization associated with

knowledge-based economy in the province of Thua Thien Hue

112

modernization associated with the development of knowledge-based

economy in the province of Thua Thien Hue

118

human resources for industrialization and modernization associated

with the development of knowledge-based economy in the province

of Thua Thien Hue

119

development and structural shift of human resources for

industrialization and modernization associated with the

development of the knowledge-based economy

122

CHAPTER 4:

VIEWPOINTS AND SOLUTIONS TO HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT

OF KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY IN THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE

133

for industrialization and modernization associated with the

development of knowledge-based economy in the province of Thua

Thien Hue

133

4.1.2 The basic viewpoints in human resource development for

industrialization and modernization associated with the

development of knowledge-based economy in the province of Thua

Thien Hue

135

and modernization in association with development of

knowledge-based economy in the province of Thua Thien Hue

143

industrialization and modernization associated with development of

knowledge-based economy in the province of Thua Thien Hue

143

resources for industrialization and modernization associated with

the development of knowledge-based economy in the province of

Thua Thien Hue

150

for industrialization and modernization associated with the

development of knowledge-based economy in the province of Thua

Table 2.1 Informatics’ Labor force in the total labor force of

developed countries

56

divided by grade of training

102

in 2011

104

Technical Expertise level and Field of Training in 2011

105

- 2011

109

1 The urgency of the theme

Theory and practice have confirmed the critical role of human resources,especially High-Quality Human Resources for the socio-economic development ingeneral and industrialization and modernization in particular In fact, nations andlocals paying interest in training and rationally effective use of human resourceshave reaped success The rapid recovery of Germany after World War II, or themiraculous development of the countries and territories with the advanced industry

in Asia like Japan, Korea, and Singapore is clear evidence

Human resources plays a decisive role, but different levels of developmentpose different requirements for human resources In the context of the scientific andtechnological revolution, the trend of globalization and the rapid spread of theknowledge-based economy, Vietnam can not make industrialization, modernization

in the "traditional" way but "taking a short-cut and wait in front" instead, ieindustrialization, modernization are associated with the development of theknowledge-based economy The Resolution of the Tenth Party Congress confirmed

"Seize the favorable advantages created by the international context and thepotential, advantages of the country to shorten the process of industrialization andmodernization in the country as socialist-oriented, socialism associated with thedevelopment of the knowledge-based economy" To accomplish this goal, in thestrategy of socio-economic development to the year 2020, the Party identified threebreakthroughs and one of them is rapid development of human resources, especiallyhigh-quality human resources

Thua Thien Hue is a Province in the Central Region with relatively harshnatural conditions and limited resources for the socio-economic development.Recognizing the importance of human resource development, High-Quality HumanResources for the socio-economic growth and development, Thua Thien HueProvince has so far formed the Project 02/TU/2008 for training doctors and mastersabroad; Project 03/TU/2008 for training of key staff in communes, wards and town

by titles; Planning for Education- Training development by 2015 and orientations to2020; Project for development of vocational training in the period of 2011-2015 andprospect to 2020… The education level of the population in working age has apositive change: the literacy rate of employment in 2005 was 83% by 2010increased to 93.5%; the rate of educated workers from secondary school and highschool is increasing with high density, in 2001 accounted for 33.6% and in 2010,49.5% Along with the increasing education level of workers, the knowledge trend

to form High-Quality Human Resources is increasingly is very clear: in 2010 thenumber of people with postgraduate degrees was 2,024 people, 41,744 people withuniversity degrees, 13,505 people with college degrees, 34,198 people atintermediate level, technical workers, 202,860 at primary level, 148 professors andassociate professors, 106 meritorious People’s teachers, 15 meritorious People’sphysicians, 16 meritorious artisDr In addition, the capacity, the ability to create,manipulate the knowledge, skills, training in scientific research, teaching,leadership, management, labor, manufacturing, health care, community were raised:

in 2006 there were 98 scientific researchers awarded the Ancient Capital prize inscience-technology; in the period 2003 – 2008, 13,100 scientific researchs,innovation and creativity of workers and employees were applied… However, thehuman resources of the Province is not commensurate with the requirements ofindustrialization and modernization associated with the development of the

knowledge-based economy Major manifestations are: 1) Workers from 15 or older

not having the technical expertise account for relatively high proportion (87.4% in

2009), the number of employees with technical expertise was only 12.6%; 2) The level of training takes time to change; 3) The qualifications training structure

between vocational levels was inadequate: elementary vocational training andequivalent accounted for more than 84%; while Vocational Intermediate andequivalent accounted for only 14%, while vocational college training was too low,

only 1.79%; 4) The staff of the commune, ward or township has limited capacity,

professional expertise: more than 50% of the commune, ward or township does notmeet the standard

The question is, to absorb and apply the achievements of human knowledge, tocreate new knowledge and implement the Conclusion 48/KL - TW dated 25/5/2009

of the Political Bureau on building and development of Thua Thien Hue Province

by 2020, it requires the Province to focus on human resource development, quality human resources This is a big challenge for Thua Thien Hue Provincewhere the majority of the population living on agriculture with backward productionlevel of mainly simple and unskilled labor Therefore, development of humanresources to meet the requirements of industrialization and modernizationassociated with the development of the knowledge-based economy should bestudied deeply both in theory and practice to get the consistency in awareness, aswell as the way to do it

high-Deriving from the above reasons, the postgraduate student chooses the topic

"

Human resources for industrialization and modernization associated with the development of knowledge-based economy in the Province of Thua Thien Hue at the present time" for the doctoral thesis.

2 Objectives and research tasks of the dissertation

a number of measures to develop human resources for industrialization andmodernization associated with the development of the knowledge-based economy inthe Province of Thua Thien Hue in the near future

2.2 Research tasks

With the above objectives, the thesis has the following main tasks:

Firstly, systematize and analyze the theoretical and practice basis of human

resources for industrialization and modernization associated with the development

of the knowledge-based economy

Secondly, the empirical study of a number of countries and a number of

Provinces in the country in the development of human resources, the thesis drawsout lessons useful and valuable reference for learning, model selection anddevelopment of human resources to meet the requirements of industrialization andmodernization associated with the development of the knowledge-based economy inthe Province of Thua Thien-Hue

Thirdly, analysis of the current status of human resources for

industrialization and modernization associated with the development of theknowledge-based economy in the Province of Thua Thien-Hue On that basis, thethesis provides viewpoints and proposes some solutions in order to develop humanresources for industrialization and modernization associated with the development

of the knowledge-based economy in the Province of Thua Thien-Hue from now tothe year 2020

3 The object and scope of the study

3.1 Studying Object of the thesis

The dissertation studies the human resources for industrialization andmodernization associated with the development of the knowledge-based economy inview of scientific political economy, which mainly studies the state of developmentand the movement of human force structure in the Province of Thua Thien-Hue,from which proposes solutions to build human resources for industrialization andmodernization associated with the development of knowledge-based economy inThua Thien-Hue from now to 2020

3.2 The scope of research topic

Space: Studying human resources for industrialization and modernization

associated with the development of the knowledge-based economy in the Province

of Thua Thien-Hue

Time: Studying human resources for industrialization and modernization

associated with the development of the knowledge-based economy in the Province

of Thua Thien Hue with the data limited in the period from 1999 to 2012 and thesolutions made for the period up to 2020

4 Research Methodology

- The thesis is based on the theoretical basis of Marxism-Leninism and Ho ChiMinh’s Ideology, viewpoints, guidelines and policies of the Communist Party, theState's policy on human resource development and the relating economic theories.Factual basis of the thesis is to analyze the experience of some countries andlocalities of our country and evaluate the development status and shift the structure

of human resources in Thua Thien-Hue

- On the theoretical basis of dialectical materialism and historical materialism

of Marxism-Leninism, the thesis uses specific methods: analysis - synthesis method,information collecting and processing method; at the same time, inherits theresearch results related to the thesis

- In particular, questionnaire survey is used to collect opinions of employees

on issues related to human resources Due to limitations in time and expense, thethesis only surveyed 500 labors including workers in enterprises (100 samples),labors doing management work (100 samples); labors in the fields of Finance,Banking and Insurance (100 samples); labors doing Education- Training tasks (100samples) and labors in Construction, IT and Telecommunication (100 samples) Inaddition, the thesis uses expert method to interview 80 people working inleadership, human resource management in many agencies and businesses located

in the Province and has direct discussion with a number of scientists to clarify thetheoretical and practical issues related to the thesis

5 New scientific contribution of the thesis

- Introducing the concept of human resources, human resources forindustrialization and modernization associated with the development of theknowledge-based economy on the basis of absorbing the thoughts of C Marx on

labor, the previous studies and clarifying the characteristics of human resources forindustrialization and modernization associated with the development of theknowledge-based economy.

- Clarifying the characteristics of industrialization and modernizationassociated with the development of the knowledge-based economy Since then thethesis confirms different levels of development pose different requirements forhuman resources In the model of industrialization and modernization associatedwith the development of the knowledge-based economy, human resources mustmeet certain requirements in terms of quantity, quality and structure

- Clarifying the impact factors, trends and regularity in human resourcestructure shifting towards industrialization and modernization associated with thedevelopment of the knowledge-based economy

- On the basis of the empirical study of human resource development in anumber of East Asian countries and Provinces in the country, the thesis draws someuseful lessons for developing human resources for industrialization modernizationassociated with the development of the knowledge-based economy in Thua Thien-Hue

- Clarifying the development status and shift of human resource structuretowards industrialization and modernization associated with the development of theknowledge-based economy in Thua Thien Hue with its own specific characteristics

of a Province located in the key economic zone of the Central region

- Based on the characteristics of natural, human and human resource situation,the thesis states six (06) viewpoints and proposes three (03) major solutions todevelop human resources for industrialization and modernization associated with thedevelopment knowledge-based economy in the Province of Thua Thien Hue to 2020

6 Structure of the thesis

In addition to the introduction, conclusion and a list of references, the thesis isstructured into four (04) chapters, eight (08) sections

Chapter 1 OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH ON HUMAN RESOURCES FOR

INDUSTRIALIZATION, MODERNIZATION ASSOCIATED WITH

KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

In the recent years, Human resources, High-Quality Human Resources is theissue in which many scientists in and outside the country have had interest and done

a lot of valuable scientific research widely publicized in forms of reference books,dissertations, scientific articles To ensure the inheritance and affirm thecontributions of the thesis, the dissertation divides the scientific works into twogroups of issues: the studies of human resources for industrialization andmodernization and research about High-Quality Human Resources in theknowledge-based economy On such basis, the thesis has chosen and generalizedthe relating works to the thesis as follows:

1.1 THE STUDIES INTO HUMAN RESOURCES FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION

1.1.1 Reference Books and Monographs

- Nolwen Henaff, Jean - Yves Martin scientific editor (2001), Labor,

Employment and Human Resources in Vietnam in 15 years of innovation, World

Publisher, Hanoi This is a collection of articles written by scientists in the nationand abroad about: educational policy, employment, economic restructuring,business development, human resources development by such researchers as: Dr.Nolwen Henaff, Dr Jean - Yves Martin, Professor Geoffrey B.Hainsworth, Dr.Fiona Howell, Dr Nguyen Huu Dung, Dr Tran Duc Khanh, Associate Prof Vo DaiLuoc , Dr Tran Tien Cuong Of which, notably is the article by Professor

Geoffrey B.Hainsworth "Development of human resources to meet the challenges of

the strong globalization process and an economy based on the new understandings" The author has a unique approach when asking questions like:

How to expand the career options and life prospects for rural population - those who

are holding the greatest undiscovered resources of the country? How can theyreceive special attention of policy makers and donors? Thereby, the author analyzesthree issues to find answers:

1) The scope of education and vocational training The author asserts,

Vietnam’s culture always has the tradition of highly appreciating knowledge, beforethe renovation though it was very difficult, Vietnam achieved a very special level ofliteracy and gender equality, however, when switching to market economy, therewas a high drop-out rate at the secondary level Thereby, the author argues that:tuition fees, the chronic shortage of new teachers into the profession at every level

of education, low wages compared to other professions limit the scope of

Education - Vocational Training; 2) The increasing use of labor force and

expanding career choice The author said that although the relative proportion ofGDP in agriculture is lower than in industries and services, the structural changes inthe labor use are virtually unchanged in terms of employment So, according to theauthor it is necessary to have training programs and other educational reformsincluding increasing the number of classrooms, the number of teachers and

upgrading equipment for teaching, wages 3) In terms of sectors, technology

options and business ownership The author argues that for a country in the earlystage of industrialization like Vietnam, it is vital to develop manufacturing,processing and attached services; also, should not choose high- technology but thesuitable one like software technology, basic research…

- StiTechnical expertise tava M / P (1997), Human resource planning:

Approach needs assessments and Priorities in manpower planning, Manak

Publishing House, New Delhi Approach in terms of economic development, theauthor considers HR is the whole human capital with which human is considered aspecial capital for the production process, a form of property can increase theeconomic wealth; human capital includes the skills, knowledge and experienceaccumulated through the working process; the costs of Education - Training ,Medical are viewed as the cost of production inputs in order to improve the

ability, production capacity of human resources From this approach, the author has

pointed out the practical benefits of human resources if we know and respect: 1)

Human capital is a special capital possible to produce sources of income in thefuture, so investment in human resources will bring higher rate of return, the morethis capital is widely used, the greater the value is, the more wealth is created,

bringing prosperity to the society; 2) Human capital doesn’t have the regularity like

other sources: depreciation of capital invested in the property and other type ofmaterials; human capital after investment will maintain and develop withoutcreating pressure on the volume of capital required in a short time; being the capitalwith skills, knowledge, experience and creative ability Thus, if there is investment

in human capital, the perTechnical expertise ive effect will be great that no othercapital can match With this approach the author offers suggestions for the thesisanalyzing the requirements of human resources, especially High-Quality HumanResources for the industrialization and modernization associated with thedevelopment of knowledge-based economy

- Le Thi Ai Lam (2003), Development of human resources through education

- Training - Experience of East Asian Countries, Socio-Science Publishing House,

Hanoi The book is meticulous scientific research work applying approach by theworld economy major and international economic relations, is divided into three

sections: the first section, the author provides theoretical treatise about HRD

through Education - Training by presenting HRD concepts, human development,relationships between human resources development and industrialization At thesame time the author gives a theoretical framework with such main points as:human resources for economic growth, human resources for improvement of laborproductivity, increase income, reduce poverty and inequality; the trend ofknowledge-based economy development and globalization create public demand forHigh-Quality Human Resources to interpret the role of improving the quality of

human resources through Education – Training; the second part, with 4 chapters,

the author focuses on analysis of practical development through

Education-Training in East Asia Chapter 2: The role of human resources development

through Education - Training in East Asia The author analyzes the role of human

resources development through Education - Training with practical evidence fromthe economies, the industries and companies which has proven the author’s

viewpoint is proper and highly convincing Chapter 3: Industrialization Strategy

and mutual conformity with the development of human resources through Education – Training in East Asia In this chapter, the author presents four external

favorable conditions and internal advantages for the East Asian countries to buildindustrialization strategies In particular, the author outlines four stages ofindustrialization and different requirements of human resources These sketches will

be interesting clues for the postgraduate to adopt and develop during this thesis

completion Chapter 4: Adjust HRD through Education - Training in East Asia.

Based on the sketch of 4 stages of industrialization, the author states each stage hasdifferent requirements for human resources development and education should beappropriately adjusted Therefore, the author studies the adjustment process in EastAsia in the following aspects: expanding opportunities as well as considering thefactors leading to receive education in the process of industrialization; development

of Education – Vocational Training system; building high- quality university

educational system Chapter 5: Problems and solutions to the current HRD through

Education – Training in East Asia The author analyzes some of the problems in the

HRD system through Education - Training in East Asia Notably, the authorpresents solutions to human resources development for the knowledge-basedeconomy in the East Asian: increase social awareness of lifelong learning;emphasize retraining and advanced training; reform regular educational system to

encourage and develop the system of irregular education; the third part is the

totalization of lessons learned from practices analyzed in chapter 3, 4, 5 There are 5lessons drawn and analyzed in Chapter 6 and Chapter 7 providing some notes aboutthe context of human resources development through Education - Training inVietnam today, comparing the similarities and differences in the development of

human resources through Education - Training in East Asia and Vietnam, fromwhich outlining six suggestions for the development of human resources throughEducation - Training in Vietnam until 2010 In this research, the valuableexperience of the East Asian countries in High-Quality Human Resourcesdevelopment is inherited and selected.

- Dr Nguyen Thanh (2005), Development of human resources for

industrialization and modernization of the country, National Political Publishing

House, Hanoi Approaching philosophical perspective, the author derives from thestandpoint of Marxism – Leninism, Ho Chi Minh’s Ideology and relies on theParty's viewpoint on human development, the role of education in order to confirm

of Education - Training as "a top national policy" to develop quality human

resources The book is structured into three parts: the first part, the author outlines

the concept of Marxism – Leninism, Ho Chi Minh’s Ideology and relies on theParty's viewpoint on human development, human resources development, fromwhich the author suggests that the role of human resources is critical to the process

of industrialization and modernization in our country; the second part, the author

makes an overall assessment on the status of human resources in our country insuch aspects as: quantity, structure, intellectual resources, technical expertise onthis basis, the author offers orientation for the development of quality humanresources to meet the demands of industrialization and modernization including:HRD associated with accelerating socio- economic development; human resourcesdevelopment associated with democratization process, the social and cultural life,effectively exploiting the value of traditional and modern culture; improve thequality and efficiency of Scientific- Technological staff; formulation of humanstrategy on that basis, develop quality human resources for industrialization and

modernization; the third part, clarifying the role of education as a determinant of

human development, quality HRD strategy for industrialization and modernization

in our country

- Dr Doan Van Khai (2005), Human Resources in the process of

industrialization and modernization in Vietnam, Political Theory Publisher, Hanoi.

With several studies in human resource issues in both theory and practice, theauthor has new points of view about people in industrialization compared withprevious old-style notions In Chapter 1 and Chapter 2 of this study, the author

focuses on clarifying the theoretical issues In Chapter 1, the author analyzes some

common problems of industrialization and modernization, but the most notable is

the generalization of industrialization models in the world In Chapter 2, the author

introduces the concept of human resources with broad connotation including 6 basicaspects and derived from the position and characteristics of human resources incomparison relations, relations with the impact on other resources and emphasizesthe role of human resources in the knowledge-based economy being multiplied bypromoting intellectual power and becoming the resource of all Based on theoretical

analysis, in Chapters 3 and 4, the author comprehensively evaluates the status and

characteristics of the human resources in our country from 2001 to 2005 in thenumber, structure, quality and draws 6 comments, from which the author said thatthe human resources of our country did not meet the requirements ofindustrialization and modernization To meet the requirements of industrializationand modernization labors are required to have creative energy, adaptability andexcellent working skills, thus the author proposes 3 major groups of solutions toeffectively exploit and use human resources to meet the requirements ofindustrialization and modernization: the solution group for rational and efficientexploitation of human resources; solutions group for human resources development

to meet the requirements of industrialization and modernization; solution group forbuilding favorable social environment for the exploitation and efficient use ofhuman resources

- Dr Vu Ba The (2005), Promoting human resources for industrialization and

modernization - International experience and practices in Vietnam, Labor - Society

Publishing House, Hanoi The book is approached by the specialized world

economy and international economic relations, focuses on analysis and clarification

of the rationale related to HR, HRD experience of some advanced countries such asJapan, America, the Asia - Pacific region in terms of policies, strategies,objectives ; assess the current status of human resources in our country in terms ofsize, speed, quality of human resources and draws achievements, limitations, cause

of the limitations of HRD; proposes 4 solutions to Vietnam's human resourcesdevelopment in the future: solution group to develop secondary education; solutiongroup for development of Colleges, University and Postgraduate; group improvingefficiency of using existing human resources; advanced solutions group to improvehealth of Human resources

- Dr Mac Van Tien (2005), Social Security and HRD, Labor - Society

Publisher The book is a collection of 100 articles in 10 years referring to a number

of content and different aspects of social security and human resources

development The book is divided into 3 parts: the first part is a collection of articles on social security; the second part is a collection of articles on social

insurance; the third part is a collection of articles on HRD In the third part, thereare several articles for the researcher to refer to, inherit and develop in this researchprocess, such as a number of issues in the development of human resources in ourcountry; development of human resources and human resource development policy

of some countries; HRD and HRD policy in the period of industrialization andmodernization; the actual quality of human resources in Vietnam Of which, themost remarkable article is: Role of HR in the Knowledge-based economy.According to the author, humanity is standing on the threshold of a newdevelopment of human society moving into the Knowledge-based economy, but forVietnam initially conducting modernization, it is necessary to take a short-cut andwait in front otherwise we will be far left behind compared with other countries in theworld This can only be done when we have proper investment strategies in HRD

1.1.2 Scientific topics, Doctoral theses

- Vu Duy Du (Project manager) (2005), Evaluation of human resources inThua Thien Hue and research solutions for use and promotion, Topics in Science-

technology In this research work, notably from the assessment criteria of Humanresources and data collecting methods (surveys of households and businesses ),the author assesses the situation of human resources development in Thua ThienHue province in 1999 - 2004 on the following aspects: current status of humanresources; the actual use of human resources (employment situation of the laborforce in the three sectors; the situation of 4 Labor groups); labor conditions, labormarket institutions, the status of Education - Training system; staff situation in thepolitical system at all levels; the labor force working in enterprises On such basis,the author provides estimates of the labor demand - supply in the period 2005 -

2015 and proposes some solutions to human resources development policy in ThuaThien Hue province in 2015

- Phan Thanh Tam (2000), Main measures to improve the quality of human

resources for the needs of industrialization and modernization of the country, Ph.

D Thesis in Economics The author presents the concept of human resources, HRquality; analyzes a number of factors affecting the quality of human resources.According to the author, Education - Training is not the only factor directlyinfluencing, improving the quality of human resources in terms of mentality power

of human resources, but also having impacts on health, ability to acquiretechnology, attracting investment, creating jobs; researching experience of the U.S.,Japan and other Asian countries to improve the quality of human resources anddraw lessons for Vietnam On the basis of analyzing the general problems of HR,the author uses depth analysis of the actual quality of HR in Vietnam from 1989 to1999; the factors affecting the quality of human resources in terms of mentalitypower of the resources include training capacity to provide human resources of theeducation-training system, investing state budget for Education - Training,Education-Training planning mechanisms - Phone, Policy for using labor withTechnical expertise; particularly the author gives bases for building solutions toimprove the quality of human resources and proposes four solutions to developeducation and use, retraining staff to improve the quality of human resources

- Bui Sy Loi (2002), Human resources development in the period of

industrialization and modernization in Thanh Hoa province in 2010, Ph D Thesis

in Economics The author focuses on clarifying the general issues of humanresources: the construction of the concept of manpower, human, human resourcesand human resources development; outlines the basic characteristics of humanresources; analyzes 3 factor groups affecting HRD: group of natural factors, group

of socio-economic factors, group of elements related to political mechanism;analyzes dialectical relationship between human resources development andtransformation of economic structure, of labor structure and for industrialization andmodernization; presents the experience of developing countries (Thailand,Malaysia), the countries in the transition (India) and countries with advancedindustries (Japan) from which draws 7 lessons that can be applied to Vietnam ingeneral and to Thanh Hoa in particular The thesis deeply assesses the state ofhuman resources development in Thanh Hoa province in 1996-2000 On this basis,the author generally assesses the situation of the development of human resourcesand achievements, the shortcomings and their causes, offers 4 viewpoints andproposes 5 solution groups for HRD during the period of industrialization andmodernization in Thanh Hoa to 2010

- Nguyen Dinh Luan (2003), Some solutions to HRD in the Mekong Delta

towards industrialization and modernization by 2010, Ph D Thesis in Economics.

The author presents the theoretical and practical issues of human resourcesdevelopment from concept, position to the components of HR, HRD experience ofthe countries Particularly, with throughout approach, the author focuses on thefactors affecting the development of human resources towards industrialization andmodernization as a basis to analyze the situation of human resources and proposessolutions to the human resources development in the Mekong Delta in Chapter 3.Based on the theoretical framework, the author analyzes the current status of humanresources in the Mekong Delta in the direction of industrialization andmodernization in such aspects as: Actual condition of Education-Training in human

resources development; the Science - Technology situation in HRD; Socio-Culturalcondition in HRD Thereon, the author draws comments, reviews and suggests 3major solution groups for HRD in the Mekong Delta towards industrialization andmodernization by 2020

- Dao Quang Vinh (2006), Development of human resources for the

agriculture and rural industrialization and modernization, Doctoral thesis in

Economics The author presents some theoretical and practical issues in thedevelopment of human resources for agriculture and rural industrialization andmodernization such as concepts of human resources and human resourcesdevelopment; content and criteria for HRD for agriculture and rural industrializationand modernization; some experience in human resources development foragriculture and rural industrialization and modernization In particular the authoranalyzes the dialectical relationship between human resources development withindustrialization and modernization in agriculture and rural areas and outlines therules of movement of human resources in the industrialization and modernization inagriculture and rural areas At the same time, the author analyzes the current status

of human resources, human resources development and factors influencing thedevelopment of human resources for the agriculture and rural industrialization andmodernization in Vietnam in 1990, an overview of the achievements, constraintsand suggests five issues need to be addressed in priority to human resourcesdevelopment and agriculture and rural industrialization and modernization On thebasis of the situation and the dominant ideology in which the people are the mostimportant resource, the author offers 5 viewpoints and proposes 7 solution groups todevelop human resources for the agriculture and rural industrialization andmodernization in Vietnam in the coming years

- Duong Hoang Anh (2008), Development of human resources for

industrialization and modernization in Da Nang, Doctoral thesis in Philosophy.

Approaching in philosophical perspective, the author has inherited the knowledge ofprevious scientists to complete and supplement the research on the issues: the

concept of human resources and two basic elements constituting HR: the qualityand quantity of human resources; introduces the concept of HRD; experienceanalysis of the human resources development in some countries and especially theauthor has drawn 3 similarities and 3 differences in the HRD between Vietnam andother countries in the region from which to draw four lessons on the development ofhuman resources for Vietnam in general and Da Nang in particular; clarifies fourbasic characteristics of industrialization and modernization process in Danang andaccording to the author such characteristics define HRD strategies of Da Nang; asituational analysis of HRD and offering 5 pressing issues in the development ofhuman resources that need to be resolved in Danang, offering 3 points oforientations and 4 proposed solutions to the human resources development forindustrialization and modernization in Da Nang in the near future, namely: socio-economic development, improve the Education – Training quality, Science-technology Development and forming civilized urban lifestyle

- Pham Van Moi (2010), Solution to Science-Technology Human Resource

Development in Hai Phong for the industrialization and modernization, Ph.D.

Thesis in Economics The thesis has researched and resolved theoretical andpractical issues: the concept of human, scientific-technological manpower,scientific-technological workforce development and defined when studying themanpower, Scientific-technological Human resource and scientific-technologicalworkforce development, it is necessary to consider all three elements of quantity,quality and structure; analyzed and confirmed HRD in Science-Technology has animportant role in the industrialization and modernization; analyzed 5 factorsaffecting Scientific-technological HRD; experience analysis of countries anddomestic locals in Scientific-technological HRD Based on analyzed theoreticalframework, the author delves into analysis of potentials, actual status of Scientific-technological HR in Hai Phong in 2001 - 2010 in such content as quantity, qualityand structure of Scientific-technological HR, especially analyzes Scientific-technological HR by groups; evaluated achievements, constraints and causes of

such limitations in Scientific-technological HRD; analyzed domestic andinternational context having impact on Scientific-technological HRD; offered 3oriental viewpoints and 6 solutions to Scientific-technological HRD in Hai Phong inthe future

1.1.3 The articles published in professional journals

- Pham Cong Nhat (2008), "Improving the quality of human resources to meet

the requirements of innovation and economic integration'', Communist Review No.

7 On the basis of analyzing the situation of human resources in Vietnam, the authorpoints out: compared with the requirements of economic development in the context

of deeper international integration, the quality of our human resources is stillinsufficient and limited due to low per capita income, weak planning and humanresources development, obsolete content and teaching methods Thereby, theauthor offers the following solutions: clearly aware of the importance of building,developing and improving the quality of human resources; continue promotinginnovation process, first of all innovation in the field of economy towardsindustrialization and modernization and active in deeper integration into the worldeconomy; build and deploy human resources development strategy in Vietnam to

2020 and vision to 2030

- MA Le Thi Kim Phuong (2009), Promoting the role of the young

intelligentsia in Thua Thien Hue at present, Journal of Political Theory 6 The

author argues the role of intellectuals in the development of society, especially inthis age - the age of explosion of Science-Technology and the development ofknowledge-based economy Particularly, the author analyzes the actual situation ofthe intelligentsia in general, young intellectuals of Thua Thien Hue in particular onthe quantity, quality and structure In addition, the author has pointed out the need

to overcome weaknesses and provides solutions to further promotion of the role ofyoung intellectuals in Thua Thien Hue in the near future With its rich and reliabledata sources, objective assessments of the author has been inherited by thepostgraduate during this research

- Associate Prof Ngo Doan Vinh (2011), Discussion on the use of analysiscriteria and quality assessment of Vietnam’s manpower, Journal of Economics andForecasting No 7 The author argues that the quality of human resources is the mostimportant factor for development Particularly, the author suggests points needstudying by pointing out the quantitative criteria to analyze, evaluate the quality ofhuman resources including: group of directly reflecting criteria (physical,mentality , intelligence capabilities, the ability to conduct, communication skills,presentation ability); group of targets indirectly reflecting the quality of humanresources (labor productivity, investment efficiency, electrical power and land,years of schooling, the quality of the educational system, the number of educatedpeople)

- Associate Prof Ha Nhat Thang (2011), Talents training - a critical issue of

educational strategy in the period of industrialization and modernization, Journal of

Education No 269 On a basis of comparing requirements for HRD amongcivilizations, the author points out, in the Knowledge-based economy human isrequired a much higher level According to the author, for our country talenttraining is one of the foci of the educational strategy in the period ofindustrialization and modernization and that human resource strategy must beimplemented by a strict process from the stage of detection, recruitment, trainingand use

1.2 THE STUDY OF HIGH QUALITY HUMAN RESOURCES IN KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY

1.2.1 Reference Books and Monographs

- Prof.Dr Nguyen Ngoc Phu (chief editor) (2010), The current situation of

human resources and talents of the country: Problems - Solution, National

University Publishing House, Hanoi The book collects articles by many authors,such as Prof Dr Nguyen Ngoc Phu, DSc Trinh Thi Kim Ngoc, Associate.Prof.Nguyen Phuong Ngoc, Associate Prof Trinh Quang Tu, Associate Prof Ha TheTruyen Most of the articles focus on the analysis of human resources, High-

Quality Human Resources such as skilled human resources development,characteristics of High-Quality Human Resources; Training talents in universities;High-Quality Human Resources situation In particular, Dr Cao Xuan Trung with

The basic features of High-Quality Human Resources, initially outlined five

characteristics of High-Quality Human Resources: 1) Socio-political motivations, stable career, 2) Occupational capacity to meet the development of Science- Technology; 3) Skills of living, collaboration with colleagues in work; 4) Self-study skills, self-improvement in professional and personality; 5) Good health, style responding to requirements of professional activities Dr Dang Quoc Thanh with

High quality Manpower and solutions to High-Quality Human Resources socialization and training for the country at present, has introduced the concept of

High-Quality Human Resources and analyzed the 5 aspects: High-Quality HumanResource is a basic and the important part of human resources; are people withintellectual operation capacity, adaptability and creativity in their work; are laborswith discipline, industrial working style and responsible; are Labor s active ininternational integration; are those with physical strength, good health These areuseful suggestions for the postgraduate to inherit during this research At the sametime, the author considers there are many solutions to improve the quality of High-Quality Human Resources team, of which solution to socialization of training is

very important Dr Nguyen Van Phan with Construction and development of

High-Quality Human Resources in universities and colleges in our country at present has

assessed the status of teaching staff in Universities and Junior College - a division

of High-Quality Human Resources in our country today The author asserts, in theuniversities and colleges the building, development of teaching staff is a crucialstage, so the author proposes 4 solutions considers such solutions must beimplemented uniformly and mutually interacted to create quality teaching staff tomeet the requirements of high quality human resources education for the country inthe new period

- Prof Hoang Van Chuong (Chief Editor), (2006), Talents in

Knowledge-based economy and globalization, Publishing House of Culture - Information,

Hanoi This book is a collection of devoted essays by the leading scientists inEducation - Training and typical art culture such as Prof Hoang Tuy, Prof NguyenDuy Quy, Prof Truong Luu, Prof Nguyen Canh Toan, Prof Do Nguyen Phuong,

Prof Dang Huu In this book, there are notable presentations: 1) Talents in

Knowledge-based economy and globalization by Prof Hoang Tuy The Professor

has outlined the formation of human resources through historical periods; citedsolutions to talent development in an era of globalization and knowledge-basedeconomy such as working environment to retain talent, the author considers talent is

a special resource that is very fastidious if not being used, so if not being used in aplace whether it is hometown, it tends to find somewhere else with more favorableconditions for development; it is necessary to grab talents in globalization,according to the author, knowledge-based economy is based on talents, whileglobalization leads to liberalization - the movement of capital and the most valuableone is talents, so the inevitable trend is talents will move to wealthier nations, thistrend makes rich nations richer, the poor countries even poorer; it is necessary togather and use talents, the author wanted to assert that if a nation wants to bewealthy, the important role of leaders is appreciating and boldly using resourcesincluding talents, even more talented than themselves; it is necessary to reform

education to bring knowledge to people and enhance creative potentials; 2)

Training Human resources, fostering talents for the request of Knowledge-based economy development by Prof Dang Huu The author raised 4 conditions for

Knowledge-based economy development including: High-Quality HumanResources with national Science-technology capability strong enough; advancedinformation infrastructure, clean and strong apparatus The author compared thedifference between industrial economy and Knowledge-based economy, thusaffirmed in the Knowledge-based economy knowledge capital becomes the mostimportant resource of production and creativity, innovation becomes the direct

driving force of the development On that basis, Prof Dang Huu considered todevelop Knowledge-based economy, shorten the process of industrialization andmodernization in our country, the most important premise is the basic reform of thecurrent education by: The State must have policies to appreciate talents; promoteeducational socialization, educational reform

1.2.2 Scientific topics, Doctoral theses

- Dr Hoang Thi Thanh (Project manager) (2002), Some orientations prepared

to meet the requirements of human resources development of Knowledge-based economy steps in Vietnam the first decades of the twenty-first century, the scientific

theme, Hanoi Chapter 1, the author presents the theoretical and practical issues: 1)

Asserting Knowledge-based economy the inevitable trend of development of humansociety and the opportunities for Vietnam to accelerate industrialization and

modernization; 2) Offering the 5 groups of indicators of Knowledge-based economy

development: index on innovative capability of enterprises; index on the basis ofknowledge; index on the infrastructure of information technology (IT) andtelecommunications; index on economic structure; index on the role of government;

3) Pointing out original the premise and difficulties for Vietnam to develop

Knowledge-based economy; 4) Figuring the key resources including

Scientific-Technological infrastructure capital, human capital, social capital and the role of

human resources in developing Knowledge-based economy; 5) Giving experiences

of some developing countries in human resource development such as Korea,

Singapore Chapter 2, the authors used depth analysis of the human resource

situation in our country and HR of Hanoi for requests of gradually developingKnowledge-based economy and confirmed the highly increasing HM scale is a largeinternal strength but also creates great pressure on training and employment, humanresources quality has generally been improved but hasn’t met the requirements ofsocio - economic development in general and Knowledge-based economy

development particular Chapter 3, the authors offered five orientations to prepare

human resources for the development of Knowledge-based economy in our country:

a basic innovation in standpoint, structure and investment policies for humanresources development; improving quality and efficiency of Education- Training,considering it the principal method to develop human resources and expand thescope of Education- Training based on training quality assurance, increasingemphasis on the training scale to ensure that HR is reasonably structured; stronglydeveloping IT to enhance the ability to receive information and provideopportunities for lifelong learning for HR; priorities for HRD in high-techindustries At the same time the authors proposed five basic measures to preparehuman resources for the development of Knowledge-based economy in our country.

- Le Thi Ngan (2004), Improving the quality of human resources in Vietnam in

approaching Knowledge-based economy, Ph.D Thesis in Economics The author has

addressed the theoretical and practices issues to improve the quality of humanresources when approaching Knowledge-based economy: giving a viewpoint onhuman resources, quality of human resources, improving the quality of humanresources in approaching Knowledge-based economy; coming up with criteria forassessing the quality of human resources; analysis of the factors affecting the quality ofhuman resources; interpretation of the role of High-Quality Human Resources inKnowledge-based economy as knowledge - products of HR is the direct factor in theprocess of production and improving quality of human resources is the main drivingforce approaching and developing Knowledge-based economy; confirming the need toimprove the quality of HR in approaching Knowledge-based economy; analysis ofexperience to improve the quality of human resources in China and South Korea Thethesis also analyzes the actual quality of human resources and improvement of thehuman resources quality in approaching Knowledge-based economy from 1990 to

2003 on the changes of the quality of human resources, the factors having direct impact

on improving the quality of human resources in Vietnam On this basis, the authorsassert: human resources in our country abundant in quantity, and have achieved acertain level of quality However, to meet the requirements for Knowledge-basedeconomy development there remain a number of shortcomings the authors state 7

viewpoints, propose three solution groups to improve the quality of human resources inapproaching Vietnam’s Knowledge-based economy.

- Le Thi Hong Diep (2010), Development of High-Quality Human Resources to

form the Knowledge-based economy in Vietnam, PhD Thesis in Economics The author

presents the common problems of High-Quality Human Resources to formKnowledge-based economy: the concept of High-Quality Human Resources; assertion

of the pioneering role of High-Quality Human Resources; High-Quality HumanResources demarcation criteria; the experience in improving human resources of theUnited States, Singapore, and lessons drawn for Vietnam At the same time, the authoroutlines the Party's viewpoints on High-Quality Human Resources development overstages; situation analysis of High-Quality Human Resources development; andevaluation of the situation of High-Quality Human Resources development in Vietnam

as well as the achievements and limitations and their causes The author has also given

4 points and proposed 3 solution groups to High-Quality Human Resourcesdevelopment to form the Knowledge-based economy

1.2.3 The articles published in the professional journals

- Dr Nguyen Huu Dung (2002), Development of High-Quality Human Resources

in the industrialization and modernization of the country and international economic integration, Journal of Political Theory 8 From the approach of the United Nations and

the economists, the author introduces the concepts of HR, HRD, High-Quality HumanResources Especially, the author prompts a new research direction for the postgraduatewhen stating there is a close relationship between human resources quality and High-Quality Human Resources, which is the relationship between the general and theparticular High-Quality Human Resource is a quintessential component of the humanresources quality, so it is impossible to separate High-Quality Human Resources fromthe quality of human resources

- Prof Dang Huu (2005), Human Resource Training for industrialization and

modernization based on Knowledge-based economy in our country today, the

Communist Review No 4 The professor confirms that most of the most fundamentality

element to develop Knowledge-based economy is High-Quality Human Resources based

on advanced education and interprets Knowledge-based economy has fundamentalitydifferences from industrial economy on the three following aspects: intellectual capital(the most important factor of production over the labor and resources), creativeness (themost important motivation), rapid pace of innovation According to the author, in order

to shorten the process of industrialization and modernization, it is required to considerEducation - Training the top priority national policy and the education must completethese 3 tasks: enhancing the intellectual standards, training High-Quality HumanResources and focusing on improving talents

- Prof Pham Thanh Nghi (2007), Development of human resources for the

Knowledge-based economy, Human Research Journal 2 The author said that Vietnam

has abundant but low quality labor resources, the question is, to shorten the route ofindustrialization and modernization and prepare for the development of the Knowledge-based economy it is necessary to invest in human development The author poses anumber of central issues to the development of human resources for the Knowledge-basedeconomy: the types of labor play the most important role in the Knowledge-based economy,lifelong learning issues and strategic learning Of which, the author cites particularly theideas of Wolff and Baumol dividing Labor into 2 main categories: informative and non-informative labors In addition, the author points out, Labor in social science and humanityoften thought having no close relationship with the development of the Knowledge-basedeconomy The delineation is useful suggestion for the thesis research

- Dr Bui Viet Phu (2010), Training of highly qualified human resources to

participate in the Knowledge-based economy, Journal of Education 233 The author

argues that, in the context of Knowledge-based economy development, training highlyqualified human resources is the key issues in the development strategy of each country

to actively participate in the Knowledge-based economy Accordingly, the authorproposes some ideas to build a team trained overseas with high quality such as having aunified state management of this sector, diversification of fostering talents way,improving and strengthening the system of legal documents in the direction of creating

an open corridor for agents involved in foreign training, implementing remunerationand rational use of talents

***

Conclusions and issues for further research of the thesis

On the basis of the main content and results of the research works relating tohuman resources and High-Quality Human Resources issues, the thesis initiallydraws some conclusions:

Firstly, during the last time, human resources, High-Quality Human Resources

is one of the topics not only attracting several scientists to study, but also becomesthe subject for graduate students and postgraduates selected in researching for theirtheses

Secondly, synthesis of researches on human resources, High-Quality Human

Resources issues as presented above, it is obvious that the works on humanresources for the industrialization and modernization associated with theKnowledge-based economy development are limited Particularly, in Thua ThienHue province, there are only a few research works on human resources by suchauthors as Vu Duy Du, Le Thi Kim Phuong in 1999 - 2004, and there has been noresearch about human resources for industrialization and modernization associatedwith the Knowledge-based economy development in Thua Thien Hue province,especially in the long term Therefore, on the basis of inheriting and acquiringresearch results of scientists going ahead, the addition to the incomplete issues leftopen to further improve the theoretical and practical issues on human resources forindustrialization and modernization associated with the development of knowledge-based economy is determined the direction for further research development

Thirdly, the studies have mentioned problems related to human resources,

High-Quality Human Resources However, the thesis considers that there are someissues need further studying:

- It is necessary to clarify the different concepts of human resources, humanresources for industrialization and modernization associated with Knowledge-basedeconomy development and the different characteristics of human resources forindustrialization and modernization associated with Knowledge-based economydevelopment with other traditional models of industrialization

- Characteristics of human resources for industrialization and modernizationassociated with the development of knowledge-based economy should be drawnand considered to see that such characteristics have impact on the human resourcesrequired for industrialization and modernization associated with the development ofknowledge-based economy.

- Such issues as the human resources required for industrialization andmodernization associated with the development of Knowledge-based economy, theinfluential factors, trends and regularity in HR structural shift towardsindustrialization and modernization associated with the development of Knowledge-based economy remain the relatively new problems that need more thorough study

- Researching and evaluating the situation of human resources forindustrialization and modernization in association with the development of a localknowledge-based economy in a long time, on such basis searching for solutions todevelop human resources to meet the requirements of industrialization andmodernization in association with knowledge-based economy development areessential and have not been studied

and modernization associated with the development of knowledge-based economy

in the province of Thua Thien Hue at current time" to be selected for

implementation

Chapter 2 THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION, MODERNIZATION ASSOCIATED WITH

KNOWLEDGE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2.1 HUMAN RESOURCES FOR INDUSTRIALIZATION AND MODERNIZATION ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMY

2.1.1 Human resources and the characteristics of human resources for industrialization and modernization associated with the development of the knowledge-based economy

2.1.1.1 Standpoint of HR, HR for industrialization and modernization associated with the development of the knowledge-based economy

The term “Human resources” or “manpower resources” was initially used intthe decades of 60th in the 20th century in Western and some Asian countries It can

be said, this was a period marking the jump in awareness of the role and position ofhumans in socio- economic development, from human labor was seen as a tool

economy development In Vietnam since 90s of the twentieth century to the present,this resource has been considered particularly important, so the term HR has beenwidely used by scientists, policy makers for in-depth study and wide use Therefore,there are several different notions of the concept of human resources, but in thefinal, HR is approached in two basic perspectives:

- In the perspective of studying human resources as potential, the generalhuman resources, there are some noteworthy concepts as follow:

1) Associate Prof Hoang Chi Bao said that HR is a combination of strength

and willpower showing the creativity, quality, performance and new developmentperspectives of human [4, 14]

2) In the scientific study of State level (KX - 07) "Vietnamese Humans - the objectives and motivations of the socio - economic development", Associate Prof.

Pham Minh Hac and his colleagues believed that HR is the number and quality ofthe population, including physical and mentality health and quality of intellectualcapacity [54, 328].

3) Recently, Dr Nguyen Duc Binh emphasized that human resources are

resources in in every human being It is overall organic unity between Laborpotential and the working capacity of human forming their labor capacity [51, 26].Although the objects and purposes of human resources studies are different,

HR is understood in the following aspects: human resource is a factor in addition toother types of material factors (financial capital, natural resources, technology,public institution, ) for the social process of production; human resources arespecific people with labor capacity, capable of working; HR is a combination ofstrength, willpower, knowledge, skills and dignity of every human being, the humanresources are manpower resources including potential resource and existingresources; human resources exist as an entity capable of creative labor; humanresources is the human working ability affecting the development of each individualand society

- In the perspective of studying human resources as the overall human resources in units and throughout the country, with the typical conceptions:

According to the concept of the International Labor Organization (ILO),

human resource of a country is all people at working age [100, 61] This concept is

understood in two ways: 1) Connotation, HR is labor power supply for the

production of society, providing human resources for development, so human

resources include all population can grow normally; 2) Narrow sense, HR is the

working ability of the society, including the population groups at working ageslikely to participate in working - production, ie all individuals can participate in theworking process, the overall physical elements, their mentalityity are used in theworking process The concept of human resources in this sense is commonly used inthe theories of social labor and surveys on Labor - employment