Each deputy must choose a staff com- posed equally of members of his or her chief’s party and members of the third party.. A Some of the staff members within that Office are Justice Pa
Trang 1(E) cannot be determined
An integer T is as much greater than C as C is
greater than E T can be written as A + E What is
(E) cannot be determined
The greatest possible value of C is how much greater
than the smallest possible value of D?
Ellen: I Just heard that Julie unked out of college
Nancy: That can’t be true; she got straight A’s in high school
From the conversation above, it can be inferred that
(A) Nancy thinks Ellen is lying
(B) Nancy assumes that no one who got straight A’s
in high school is likely to flunk out of college
(C) Ellen thinks Julie has flunked out of college
(D) Nancy thinks Julie is still in college (E) Ellen knows that Julie flunked out of college
President of the company to the Board of Directors: We are being threatened by a union
organizing drive The workers are trying to wrest
control from us We must take any steps necessary
to prevent this takeover, even if some of these measures may not be fully legal
If the statements above are true, it follows that (A) successful opposition to a union organizing
drive must require illegal measures (B) the union organizing drive is being conducted
illegally
(C) the board of directors will refuse to recognize
the union even if it wins a representation election
(D) maintaining full control of the company is more
important than obeying the law (E) successful unionization of any company
deprives the company officers of control over the company
If you present a purple pass, then you may enter the compound
If the statement above is true, which of the following
must also be true?
I If you do not present a purple pass, then you
may not enter the compound
Il If you may enter the compound, then you must
have presented a purple pass
II If you may not enter the compound, then you
did not present a purple pass
(A) Ionly
(B) II only (C) III only
(D) I and II only (E) I, I, and III
Ss T O P
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION ONLY
DO NOT WORK ON ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST
Trang 2Model Test 1 445
SECTION 6
Time—30 minutes
25 Questions
Directions: Each question or group of questions is based on a passage or set of conditions In answering some of the
questions, it may be useful to draw a rough diagram For each question, select the best answer choice given
Questions 1—4
In country X, the Conservative, Democratic, and Justice
parties have fought three civil wars in twenty years To
restore stability, an agreement is reached to rotate the
top offices—President, Prime Minister, and Army Chief
of Staff—among the parties, so that each party controls
one and only one Office at all times The three top office
holders must each have two deputies, one from each of
the other parties Each deputy must choose a staff com-
posed equally of members of his or her chief’s party and
members of the third party
1 When the Justice Party holds one of the top offices,
E| which of the following cannot be true?
(A) Some of the staff members within that Office
are Justice Party members
(B) Some of the staff members within that Office
are Democratic Party members
(C) Two of the deputies within the other Offices are
Justice Party members
(D) Two of the deputies within the other Offices are
Conservative Party members
(E) Some of the staff members within the other
Offices are Justice Party members
2 When the Democratic Party holds the Presidency, the
M| staffs of the Prime Minister’s deputies are composed
I one-fourth of Democratic Party members
II one-half of Justice Party members, one-fourth
of Conservative Party members
III one-half of Conservative Party members, one-
fourth of Justice Party members
(A) Ionly
(B) I and II only
(C) Tor III, but not both
(D) I and II or I and III
(E) Neither I, II, nor II
Which of the following is allowable under the rules
as Stated?
(A) More than half of the staff within a given Office
belonging to a single party
(B) Half the staff members within a given Office
belonging to a single party
(C) Any person having a member of the same party
as his or her immediate superior
(D) Half the total number of staff members in all
three Offices belonging to a single party
(E) Half the staff members within a given Office
belonging to parties different from the party
of the top office holder in that Office
The Office of the Army Chief of Staff passes from
the Conservative to the Justice Party Which of the
following must be fired?
(A) The Democratic deputy and all staff members
belonging to the Justice Party (B) The Justice Party deputy and all his or her staff
members
(C) The Justice Party deputy and half of the Con-
servative staff members in the chief of staff
office
(D) The Conservative deputy and all of his or her
staff members belonging to the Conservative
Party
(E) No deputies, and all staff members belonging to
the Conservative Party
If Elaine is on the steering committee, then she is on
the central committee This statement can be logi- cally deduced from which of the following
statements?
(A) All members of the central committee are on
the steering committee
(B) Elaine is on either the central committee or the
steering committee
(C) Everyone who is on the steering committee is
also on the central committee
(D) Some members of the central committee are on
the steering committee
(E) Elaine is on the steering committee
Frank must be a football player; he is wearing a foot- ball jersey
The conclusion above is valid only if it is true that (A) football players often wear football jerseys
(B) all football players wear football jerseys (C) football players never wear any kind of shirt
other than football jerseys
(D) football players are required to wear football
jerseys
(E) only football players wear football jerseys
Today’s high school students are not being educated, they are being trained Their teachers demand little
of them other than that they memorize facts and fol- low directions The current emphasis on training in
basic math and verbal skills, while a useful step,
rarely leads to the essential second step: development
of independent critical thinking
Trang 3446 Model Test 1
The author would probably consider which of the
following aspects of a student’s term paper to be
most praiseworthy?
(A) The choice of a challenging topic
(B) The use of grammatically correct sentence
structure
(C) Evidence of extensive research prior to writing
(D) Avoidance of clichés and vagueness
(E) Evidence of original insights and freshly devel-
oped concepts
Questions 8-11
Tom wishes to enroll in Latin AA, Sanskrit A, Arme-
nian Literature 221, and Celtic Literature 701
Latin AA meets five days a week, either from 9 to 11
A.M or from 2 to 4 P.M
Sanskrit A meets either Tuesday and Thursday from
12 noon to 3 p.M., or Monday, Wednesday, and Friday
from 10 A.M to 12 noon
Armenian Literature 221 meets either Monday,
Wednesday, and Friday from 12:30 to 2 p.m., or Tues-
day and Thursday from 10:30 A.M to 12:30 P.M
Celtic Literature 701 meets by arrangement with the
instructor, the only requirement being that it meet for
one four-hour session or two two-hour sessions per
week, between 9 a.m and 4 p.m from Monday to Fri-
day, beginning on the hour
8 Which combination is impossible for Tom?
(A) Latin in the morning, Sanskrit on Tuesday and
Thursday, and Armenian Literature on Mon-
day, Wednesday, and Friday
(B) Latin in the afternoon and Sanskrit and Arme-
nian Literature on Monday, Wednesday, and
Friday
(C) Latin in the afternoon, Sanskrit on Monday,
Wednesday, and Friday, and Armenian Litera- ture on Tuesday and Thursday
(D) Latin in the morning and Sanskrit and Arme-
nian Literature on Monday, Wednesday, and
Friday
(E) Latin in the afternoon, Armenian Literature on
Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, and Celtic
Literature on Tuesday
Which of the following gives the greatest number of
alternatives for scheduling Celtic Literature, assum-
ing that all other courses are scheduled without conflicts?
(A) Latin in the afternoon and Armenian Literature
Monday, Wednesday, and Friday (B) Sanskrit on Tuesday and Thursday and Arme-
nian Literature on Monday, Wednesday and
Friday
(C) Latin in the afternoon and Armenian Literature
Tuesday and Thursday
(D) Latin in the morning and Sanskrit on Tuesday
and Thursday
(E) Sanskrit on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday,
and Armenian Literature on Tuesday and
11 Which of the following additional courses, meeting
as indicated, can Tom take”?
(A) Old Church Slavonic—Monday, Wednesday,
and Friday from 10 A.M to 12 noon
(B) Intermediate Aramaic—Monday, Wednesday,
and Friday from 11 a.m to 12:30 P.M
(C) Introductory Acadian—Tuesday and Thursday
Joe, Larry, Ned, Mary, Paul, Willy, Crystal, Albert,
Bob, Frank, Ellen, and Rick all live in the same six-floor
building There are two apartments per floor No more than two persons live in any apartment Some apart-
ments may be empty
Mary lives one floor below Albert and Crystal
Ned lives three floors above the floor on which Bob and
Frank have single apartments
Rick and Paul live in single apartments two floors below
Mary
12 Which of the following lists the persons named in
Mj the correct order, going from the bottom floor to the
top?
(A) Rick, Bob, Mary, Albert, Larry, Ned (B) Rick, Frank, Ned, Ellen, Larry, Crystal
(C) Paul, Bob, Joe, Crystal, Ned, Larry
(D) Larry, Ellen, Albert, Mary, Frank, Rick
(E) Larry, Joe, Mary, Albert, Bob, Rick
Il Joe, Mary
II Albert, Larry
(A) I only (B) III only
(C) Land II only
(D) IL and III only
(E) I, Il, and Il
Trang 414 Larry’s roommate, assuming that he or she is one
Rick lives on the
(A) first floor, below Bob or Frank
(B) second floor, below Joe or Albert and Crystal
(C) third floor, above Mary or Ellen
(D) fourth floor, opposite Albert and Crystal
(E) sixth floor, opposite Larry and his roommate
An empty apartment or empty apartments may be
found on the
(A) second floor only
(B) fourth floor only
(C) fifth floor only
(D) third or sixth floor, but not both
(E) fourth or sixth floor or both
Joe arranges to move into an apartment two floors
down, whose occupant moves into an apartment one
floor up The occupant of this apartment moves into
one three floors up, whose occupant takes Joe’s old
apartment The new occupant of Joe’s old apartment
Dorothy lives with a roommate Her roommate
could be any of the following EXCEPT
(1) A causes B or C, but not both
(2) Foccurs only if B occurs
(3) D occurs if B or C occurs
(4) Eoccurs only if C occurs
(5) J occurs only if E or F occurs
22
(C) III only
(D) I and III or II and III, but not both
(E) I, Il, and Ill
If B occurs, which must occur?
(A) FandG (B) DandG (C) D
(D) Gand H (E) J
If J occurs, which must have occurred?
MI(A) E
(B) Both E and F
(C) Either B or C
(D) G (E) Both B and C
Which may occur as a result of a cause not mentioned?
I D
Il A
IH F (A) IT only
(B) II only (C) Land II only
(D) If and III only (E) I, II, and III
In recommending to the board of trustees a tuition increase of $500 per year, the President of the uni-
versity said: “There were no student demonstrations
over the previous increases of $300 last year and
$200 the year before.”
If the President’s statement is accurate, which of the
following can be validly inferred from the informa- tion given?
I Most students in previous years felt that the
increases were justified because of increased operating costs
II Student apathy was responsible for the failure
of students to protest the previous tuition increases
Ill Students are not likely to demonstrate over the
new tuition increases
(A) I only
(B) II only
(C) Tor II, but not both
(D) I, I, and III (E) Neither I, II, nor III
Trang 5A meadow in springtime is beautiful, even if no one
is there to appreciate it
The statement above would be a logical rebuttal to
which of the following ~" 1s?
(A) People will see only what they want to see
(B) Beauty is only skin deep
(C) There’s no accounting for taste
(D) Beauty exists only in the eye of the beholder
(E) The greatest pleasure available to mankind 1s the
Since it is possible that substances contained in cer-
tain tree roots may provide a cure for cancer, the
government must provide sufficient funds to allow thorough testing of this possibility
The argument above assumes that
(A) substances contained in certain tree roots will
probably cure cancer (B) the line of research mentioned offers at present
the most promising possibility for finding a cure for cancer
(C) the possibility of finding a cure is sufficient rea-
son for funding research into possible cancer cures
(D) acure for cancer would be extremely valuable
to society
(E) the government is the only possible source of
funds for the research described
S T O P
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION ONLY
DO NOT WORK ON ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST
Trang 6Model Test 1 449
SECTION 7 Time—30 Minutes
38 Questions
Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks,
each blank indicating that something has been omitted
Beneath the sentence are five lettered words or sets of
words Choose the word or set of words for each blank
that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole
1 The - of the apartment was unbelievable; it was
(E) spaciousness proximity
2 Although several details of the hypothesis
(E) mulling over
4 Old as the continents are, they are apparently not
MỊ - features of the earth but rather secondary fea-
tures that have formed and evolved during the
M| friends of judicial autonomy who argue most pas-
sionately for creative judicial intervention in the
political sphere in effect advocate - of an inde-
pendent, nonelected judiciary
There is a danger that because Mr Peters’ sugges- tions are so theatrically - , readers may treat the book as a performance, enthralling but too - to take seriously
(A) striking pedestrian
(B) bold overwrought (C) plausible fantastic
(D) conventional disturbing (E) lacking histrionic
As long as the acquisition of knowledge is rendered habitually - , so long will there be a prevailing tendency to discontinue it when free from the -
of parents and teachers
(A) repugnant coercion
(B) academic authority
(C) gratifying restrictions
(D) honorable influence (E) irrelevant custody
Directions: In each of the following questions, a related pair of words or phrases is followed by five lettered pairs
of words or phrases Select the lettered pair that best
expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the
ARMATURE : STATUE::
(A) landscape : painting
(B) framework : building (C) arsenal : weapon
(D) composer : symphony
(E) apparatus : experiment
Trang 7Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content After reading a passage, choose
the best answer to each question Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage
The Quechua world is submerged, so to speak, in a
cosmic magma that weighs heavily upon it It possesses
the rare quality of being, as it were, interjected into the
midst of antagonistic forces, which in turn implies a
whole body of social and aesthetic structures whose
innermost meaning must be the administration of
energy This gives rise to the social organism known as
the ayllu, the agrarian community that regulates the pro-
curement of food The ayl/lu formed the basic structure
of the whole Inca empire
The central idea of this organization was a kind of
closed economy, just the opposite of our economic prac-
tices, which can be described as open The closed econ-
omy rested on the fact that the Inca controlled both the
production and consumption of food When one adds to
this fact the religious ideas noted in the Quechua texts
cited by the chronicler Santa Cruz Pachacuti, one comes
to the conclusion that in the Andean zone the margin of
life was minimal and was made possible only by the sys-
tem of magic the Quechua constructed through his reli-
gion Adversities, moreover, were numerous, for the
harvest might fail at any time and bring starvation to
millions Hence the whole purpose of the Quechua
administrative and ideological system was to carry on
the arduous task of achieving abundance and staving off
shortages This kind of structure presupposes a state of
unremitting anxiety, which could not be resolved by
action The Quechua could not do so because his pri-
mordial response to problems was the use of magic, that
is, recourse to the unconscious for the solution of exter-
nal problems Thus the struggle against the world was a
struggle against the dark depths of the Quechua’s own
psyche, where the solution was found By overcoming
the unconscious, the outer world was also vanquished
These considerations permit us to classify Quechua
culture as absolutely static or, more accurately, as the
expression of a mere state of being Only in this way can
we understand the refuge that it took in the germinative
center of the cosmic mandala as revealed by Quechua
art The Quechua empire was nothing more than a man-
dala, for it was divided into four zones, with Cuzco in
the center Here the Quechua ensconced himself to con- template the decline of the world as though it were
caused by an alien and autonomous force
It can be inferred from the passage that the Quechua
world
(A) aimed at socioeconomic interdependence
(B) eliminated economic distress
(C) may be placed in ancient South America (D) is located in contemporary Mexico
(E) was a scene of dynamic activity
18 The term mandala as used in the last paragraph
M! most likely means
(A) an agrarian community
(B) akind of superstition (C) aclosed economic pattern
(D) a philosophy or way of regarding the world
(E) a figure composed of four divisions
19 The author implies that the Quechua world was
(A) uncivilized
(B) highly introspective (C) vitally energetic
(D) free of major worries
(E) well organized
Trang 8With which of the following statements would the
author most likely agree?
(A) Only psychological solutions can remedy eco-
(E) Modern Western society should adopt some
Quechua economic ideas
The explosion of a star is an awesome event
The most violent of these cataclysms, which pro-
duce supernovae, probably destroys a star com- pletely Within our galaxy of roughly 100 billion stars the last supernova was observed in 1604
Much smaller explosions, however, occur quite frequently, giving rise to what astronomers call novae and dwarf novae On the order of 25 novae occur in our galaxy every year, but only two or three are near enough to be observed About 100 dwarf novae are known altogether If the exploding star is in a nearby part of the galaxy, it may create a
‘*new star’’ that was not previously visible to the naked eye The last new star of this sort that could
be observed clearly from the Northern Hemisphere appeared in 1946 In these smaller explosions the
star loses only a minute fraction of its mass and
survives to explode again
Astrophysicists are fairly well satisfied that they can account for the explosions of supernovae The novae and dwarf novae have presented more of a puzzle From recent investigations that have pro- vided important new information about these two classes of exploding star, the picture that emerges
is quite astonishing It appears that every dwarf nova—and perhaps every nova—is a member of a pair of stars The two stars are so close together that they revolve around a point that lies barely out- side the surface of the larger star As a result the
period of rotation is usually only a few hours, and
their velocities range upward to within a two-hun-
dredth of the speed of light
Astronomers use the term ‘‘cataclysmic varia-
ble’’ to embrace the three general classes of exploding star: dwarf novae, novae and superno- vae A cataclysmic variable is defined as a star that
suddenly and unpredictably increases in brightness
by a factor of at least 10 Dwarf novae are stars that increase in brightness by a factor of 10 to 100
within a period of several hours and decline to their
former brightness in two or three days In this period they emit some 10.38 to 10.39 ergs of energy At maximum brilliance a dwarf nova shines about as intensely as our sun; previously it had been only about a hundredth as bright The number of outbursts ranges anywhere from three to
30 a year, but for any one star the intervals have a
fairly constant value Moreover, the maximum brightness from outburst to outburst is the same
25
novae are often referred to, after their prototypes,
as U Geminorum or SS Cygni stars (The stars of each constellation are designated by letters or num-
bers.) A subgroup of dwarf novae, called Z Came-
lopardalis stars, do not always descend to minimum brightness between outbursts but may stay at some intermediate level for several months
The author’s primary purpose in the passage is to
(A) compare the characteristics of novae with those
of other stars (B) explain why supernovae are so much less fre-
quent than novae and dwarf novae (C) account for the unpredictability of cataclysmic
variables as a class
(D) describe the nature and range in scale of cata-
clysmic variables (E) explain what happens during the stages of a
(C) I and II only
(D) Land III only
(E) I, II, and III
By the term ‘‘new star’’ (line 13) the author means one that has
(A) recently gained in mass (B) moved from a distant galaxy (C) become bright enough to strike the eye
(D) not previously risen above the horizon
(E) become visible by rotating in its orbit
The passage suggests which of the following about Z
Camelopardalis stars?
(A) They revert to their original level of brightness
more readily than do U Geminorum stars
(B) Their outbursts are more frequent than those of
other dwarf novae
(C) They may lose a proportionally greater fraction
of their mass than do SS Cygni stars
(D) They may be less frequently observed by astron-
omers than are supernovae
(E) They are distinguishable from other dwarf novae
by their lesser degree of brightness
Trang 9452 Model Test 1
26 Which of the following topics would most probably
M| be the subject of the paragraph immediately follow-
ing the last paragraph above?
(C) The characteristics of the explosion of a nova
(D) The origin of the term **cataclysmic variable ”’
(E) The nature of the explosions of supernovae
27 The passage provides information that would answer
H| which of the following questions?
[ In what century were astronomers last able to
observe the explosion of a supernova?
II Why do the Z Camelopardalis stars remain at
intermediate levels of brightness after some outbursts?
III How rapidly after outburst do dwarf novae
achieve their maximum level of brilliance?
(A) I only
(B) III only
(C) I and II only
(D) Land III only
(E) If and III only
Directions: Each question below consists of a word
printed in capital letters, followed by five lettered words
or phrases Choose the lettered word or phrase that is
most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital
letters
Since some of the questions require you to distinguish
fine shades of meaning, be sure to consider all the
choices before deciding which one is best
BALEFUL:
(A) meager
(B) beneficent (C) indifferent (D) uncomfortable
(E) simplistic
ASSUAGE:
(A) wane
(B) belie (C) worsen (D) intervene (E) presume
LATENT:
(A) prior
(B) tardy
(C) devious (D) manifest (E) astronomical
BROACH:
(A) seal off
(B) vie with (C) unsettle (D) stint
(E) enhance
ENCOMIUM:
(A) prodigality
(B) denunciation (C) sacrifice
(D) disability
(E) abbreviation
S T O P
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION ONLY
DO NOT WORK ON ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST
Trang 10Answer Key
Note: The answers to the quantitative sections are keyed
to the corresponding review areas in the Mathematics
Review (Chapter 11) The numbers in parentheses after
C (I-H)
C (I-B, H-A)
C (I-F)
C (II-B) C(H-C) B(I-B) C({AIH-G)
C q1H-D) E(TV-A)
Trang 12D To the cynic (person who expects nothing but
the worst of human actions and motives),
human actions are founded or based upon sel- fish motives
The author concedes that the big-bang theory
has been changed somewhat: it has undergone refinement or polishing However, he denies
that its validity has been threatened seriously
by any rival theories: it has resisted or defied all challenges
The use of the support signal and indicates that the first missing word is similar in meaning to
“modification.” The use of the contrast signal but indicates that the second missing word is contrary in meaning to “undergone
modification.”
Speech that is hybrid (made up of several ele-
ments) by definition combines these elements
The technical term /ybrid best suits this con- text because it is a neutral term devoid of nega-
tive connotations (which motley and mangled
possess)
Printing propagates or disseminates both error
(bad books) and knowledge (good books)
Note how the use of parallel structure demands
that the second missing word be a positive
term
One would have to disentangle a skein or coiled
and twisted bundle of yarn
Note how the presence of the verb disentangle, which may be used both figuratively and liter-
ally, influences the writer’s choice of words In this case, while line and strand are possible
choices, neither word possesses the connota-
tions of twistings and tangled contortions that make skein the most suitable choice
A man too wedded to orthodox theories or doc- trines can best be described as doctrinaire or
was intolerant of his colleagues who preached
(asserted, averred) what he practiced
Note that the use of i/logically implicitly sig- nals the contrast built into the sentence
Fans or spectators are seated in the bleachers
Persons in an audience are seated in their seats
An auger is a tool that pierces or bores holes
A plane is a tool that smooths surfaces
A chameleon, a kind of lizard, is studied by a
herpetologist (scientist who studies reptiles
and amphibians) A salmon, a kind of fish, is
studied by an ichthyologist
(Defining Characteristic)
A song is part of a cycle or series of songs A
sonnet is part of a sequence or series of
sonnets
(Group and Member)
Someone obdurate (unyielding, inflexible) is lacking in flexibility Someone adamant
(unshakable in opposition) is lacking in submissiveness
(Antonym Variant)
Sartorial by definition means pertaining to the tailor’s art Terpsichorean by definition means pertaining to the dancer's art
(Defining Characteristic)
To skirt an issue is to evade addressing or deal-
ing with it To dodge an encounter is to evade meeting the person
Beware eye-catchers Skirt here is a verb mean- ing evade Vest here is a verb meaning to have a
legal right or interest in something Neither here is a noun referring to a garment
itself from this tendency Throughout, he dem- onstrates how people tend to protect or safe-
guard their individual liberties
The author says that the tendency for a govern-
ment to encroach upon individual liberty to the extent to which it has the power to do so is
“almost a natural law” of politics Thus, gov- ernment and individual liberty are inherently
by their very natures in opposition to one another.
Trang 13The final sentence states that the fascist dicta-
torships “‘destroyed (eradicated) all forms of social organization which were in any way rivals
to the state.”
If the fascist dictatorships “are the first truly tyrannical governments which Western Europe
has known for centuries,” then it can be
inferred that centuries ago there were tyranni-
cal or despotic governments in Western Europe
Thus, the fascist governments represent a
regression or reversion to an earlier form of
government
In the third paragraph, the author mentions the
“restriction of view” imposed by the modern synthesis, a synthesis he and many of his fel- low evolutionists have challenged
Choice A is incorrect The author states that the
“modern synthesis works in its appropriate arena.’
Choices C and D are incorrect It was prior to
the modern synthesis that scientists such as
Bateson found the proposed mechanisms of evolution confusing and contradictory
Choice E is incorrect According to the author,
he and many other contemporary evolutionists find the Darwinian synthesis simplistic; they find the current rethinking of evolutionary the- ory to be productive
The movement of billiard balls on a pool table
is relatively simple to predict: you can measure the forces involved and figure out where the
balls will go Compared to the complexity of
life, the billiard ball example provides an ex-
ample of a relatively uncomplicated system
The opening sentence briefly mentions Dar-
winian theory’s extending its domain, stating that while it has been doing so some problems have arisen This suggests that the author has
just been discussing the expansion or extension
of evolutionary theory into new fields
You can answer this question by the process of
elimination
The author would be likely to agree with State- ment I: he cites the confusion and depression expressed by post-Darwinian biologists unable
to resolve the contradictions inherent in the
then current version of evolutionary theory
Therefore, you can eliminate Choice B
The author would be unlikely to agree with
Statement II: he attributes despondency to Dar-
win’s successors, not to Darwin Therefore,
you can eliminate Choices C and E
The author would be unlikely to agree with Statement III: although he quotes Darwin’s comparison of the two systems, he indicates that Darwin preferred the ““wondrous and un- predictable change” of life in its complexity to the static cycling of the spheres Therefore,
you can eliminate Choice D
Only Choice A is left It is the correct answer
The author poses questions about how well
Darwinism works as a model and provides the example of Biston betularia as an instance of minor, local, adaptive adjustment He uses the
metaphor of the pool table, and refers to Bateson and to Darwin, quoting the latter He never denounces or censures an opponent
The transformation of certain members of Biston betularia into black moths can be cate- gorized as minor adjustment within popula-
tions In this instance, the substitution of a
single gene (a minor adjustment) brought about
an adaptive change, a selected response that made the moths less visible against their
background
The passage states that populations of the moth
Biston betularia turned black, thus gaining the
selective advantage of blending in better with
their soot-darkened environment
No information is provided to answer the other
questions
The opposite of to wisregard or ignore 1s to heed or pay attention to
Think of “disregarding a warning.”
The opposite of veracity or truthfulness 1s men- dacity or dishonesty
Word Parts Clue: Ver- means truth Veracity
means truthfulness
Think of “trusting someone’s veracity.”
The opposite of to bedeck or ornament pro-
Think of “estranged couples” in a divorce
The opposite of spurious (false or fraudulent)
Think of the fable of the prodigal grasshopper
and the provident ant
The opposite of to capitulate or yield 1s to resist
Think of “capitulating without a fight.”
The opposite of indigenous or native 1s alien or foreign
Beware eye-catchers Choice A 1s incorrect
Do not confuse indigenous or native with indi-
Trang 14Model Test+ 457
37 D The opposite of to quail or lose courage is to 10 C Tocrow is to express oneself in a boastful man-
become resolute or firm ner To pout is to express oneself in a sulky
Think of “quailing in fear.” manner
value 1s not equivalent
Context Clue: ‘Failure to publish is tantamount 11 C By definition, an ascetic (one who practices
to suppression.” severe self-discipline) is characterized by self- denial A zealot (extreme enthusiast) 1s charac- Section 2 terized by fanaticism
1 C The key phrase here is “simplest in structure.” Beware eye-catchers A miser may hoard
In biology, primitive life forms are considered wealth, but he is not necessarily characterized
simple Evolved forms are more specialized by affluence Even poor persons may be
(Defining Characteristic)
2 C The leaders would be apprehensive in such cir-
cumstances that they could not achieve their 12 A To camouflage something is to make it difficult
goal of reconciliation " to discern or perceive To encipher or encode
Note that the clause “negotiations have something is to make it difficult to reached such a state” generally implies that comprehend
they have reached a sorry state
(Function)
3 B If we are not wary or cautious, even we may be
fooled by propaganda One does not have to be 13 B A seer or prophet is by definition someone gullible or easily deceived to fall for such gifted in prophecy A sage or wise person is by
4 C Charlatan is another term for a quack or pre- (Defining Characteristic)
tender to medical knowledge 14 C A bracket is a support for a shelf A strut is a
support for a rafter
5 E The statement that “we do not know” whether a Note that you are being tested on an unfamiliar
gesture indicates devotion or despair suggests secondary meaning of strut As always in deal-
that gestures are by their nature ambiguous or ing with the more difficult questions at the end
come across what seems like a familiar word
6 A The common expectation is that refined or gen- that is being used in an apparently incongruous
teel people would reject evil while coarse peo- context You may be being tested on an unfa-
ple would tolerate it However, the reverse miliar secondary meaning of the word
holds true: paradoxically, the coarse word con-
demns an evil and the refined word excuses or (Function)
condones it
Watch out for words like paradoxically that sig- 15 A Taxonomy is the science or study of the classifi-
nal the unexpected cation of plants and animals Etymology is the
science or study of the derivation of words
7 D The incongruity here is that one group finds (Defining Characteristic)
Woolf too feminine for their tastes while
another finds her not feminine (or perhaps fem- 16 B To be brusque or abrupt is to exhibit uncere-
inist) enough for theirs moniousness To be obstinate or stubborn 1s to
Note that the word peculiar signals that exhibit intractability
8 E apron protectively covers clothing Adropeloth protectively covers fi urniture An 17 B Inthe third paragraph the author argues that té
women “have been unified by values, conven- (Function) tions, experiences, and behaviors impinging on
each individual.” To the extent that they have
9 E Anarchipelago is a group or chain of islands done this, they have come to constitute a sub-
A constellation is a group of stars
Beware eye-catchers A garden does not by def-
inition consist of flowers; a garden may com- prise vegetables instead
(Part to Whole)
culture within our society It is as part of such a subculture that women writers become con-
scious of their own female literary tradition
Thus, their assimilation of the values of their
subculture furthers their ability to recognize the female literary tradition
Trang 15The author opens the paragraph by stating that
many literary critics have begun reinterpreting
the study of women’s literature She then goes
on to cite individual comments that support her assertion Clearly, she is receptive or open to the ideas of these writers, for they and she
share a common sense of the need to reinterpret their common field
Choices A and B are incorrect The author cites the literary critics straightforwardly, pre-
senting their statements as evidence supporting her thesis
Choice C is incorrect The author does not dis-
parage or belittle these critics By quoting
them respectfully she implicitly acknowledges their competence
Choice E is incorrect The author quotes the
critics as acknowledged experts in the field
However, she 1s quite ready to disagree with their conclusions (as she disagrees with Moers’
view of women’s literature as an international
movement) Clearly, she does not look on these critics with awe
Question E is answerable on the basis of the
passage According to lines 7—8, Mills disbe-
lieved in the idea that women “have had a liter-
ature of their own all along.”
The gaps exist in the female literary tradition because once-famous female authors disappear from the records posthumously: they cease to
be the subjects of critical discussion, and van-
ish as if they never had existed Thus, there is
no continuity in the female literary tradition
The writer neither lists (enumerates) nor sorts
(classifies) anything in the opening paragraph
Choice A is incorrect The writer likens the
female tradition to a lost continent and develops
the metaphor by describing the continent “‘ris- ing from the sea of English literature.”
Choice C is incorrect The author refers or
alludes to the classical legend of Atlantis
Choice D is incorrect The author quotes Colby and Thompson
Choice E is incorrect The author contrasts the
revised view of women’s literature with Mills’
Here forge is used with its meaning of fashion
or make, as blacksmiths forge metal by ham- mering it into shape It is in this sense that
James Joyce used forge in A Portrait of the
Artist as a Young Man, whose hero goes forth
to “forge in the smithy of [his] soul the uncre- ated conscience of [his] race.”
The author both cites Moers’ work in support
of her own assertions and argues against the validity of Moers’ conclusion that women’s lit-
erature is an international movement Thus,
while she finds Moers’ work basically admira- ble and worthy of respect, she considers it
inaccurate 1n some of the conclusions it draws
Choice A is incorrect The author would not
cite Moers as she does in the second paragraph
if she believed Moers to be wholly misleading
Choice B is incorrect Since the author disa- grees with at least one of Moers’ conclusions, she obviously does not find Moers’ work the definitive or final word
Choices D and E are incorrect Neither is sup- ported by the author’s mentions of Moers
Both the author’s use of the phrase “a literature
of their own” in the opening paragraph and her
ongoing exploration of what she means by the
female literary tradition in the English novel support this choice
Choice A is incorrect It is not the uniqueness
of the phenomenon but the traditional nature of the phenomenon that interests the author
Choice C is incorrect The passage deals specif-
ically with women’s literary tradition
Choice D is incorrect The passage is con-
cerned with the roots of female writing, not with its present day manifestations
Choice E is incorrect The author presents no
such choice
The opening paragraph discusses changes in
the idea of matter, emphasizing the use of mu-
sical terminology to describe the concepts of physics The second paragraph then goes on to
develop the theme of the music of matter
Choice A is incorrect Although the author gives examples of the physicists’ “strange new language” his chief concern is with the phys-
ical concepts themselves, not with their lin-
Choice D is incorrect The passage nowhere
suggests the quark is to be eliminated
Choice E is incorrect The passage says noth- ing about proving or disproving the existence
of matter
The author mentions these terms as examples
of what he means by the strange new language
or idiosyncratic nomenclature of modern particle physics
In his references to the elegance of the newly discovered subatomic structures and to the dance of Creation, the author conveys his admiration and enthusiasm
Choice A is incorrect While the author is clearly sympathetic to the new physics, his at-
titude is not one of apprehension or concern
Choices B and C are incorrect The author sees
no occasion for indignation (resentment) or
derision (scorn) in the new physics
Choice E is incorrect The author views the ele- gant world of subatomic physics with wonder and delight, not with doubt.