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Trang 1PASSIVE VOICE Active: S + V + O
( tense )
EX: My father planted this tree last year.
This tree was planted by my father last
year.
Trang 2TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES
IN PASSIVE VOICE
The Simple Present Tense
Active: S + V( s/es ) + O
Passive: S + am/is/are + PP + by + O
EX: He reads books every day.
Books are read (by him) every day.
Trang 3TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES
IN PASSIVE VOICE
The Present Continuous Tense
Active: S + am/is/are + V-ing + O
Passive: S + am/is/are + being +PP + by + O
EX: He is writing a novel at the moment.
A novel is being written (by him) at the moment.
Trang 4TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES
IN PASSIVE VOICE
The Present Perfect Tense
Active: S + Has/Have + V3ed + O
Passive: S + has/have + been +PP + by + O
EX: He has just finished a novel.
A novel has just been finished (by him).
Trang 5TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES
IN PASSIVE VOICE
The Simple Past Tense
Active: S + V2ed + O
Passive: S + was/were + PP + by + O
EX: He gave Tom a book.
A book wa s given to Tom (by him).
Tom was given a book (by him).
Trang 6TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES
IN PASSIVE VOICE
The Past Continuous Tense
Active: S + was/were + V-ing + O
Passive: S + was/were + being + PP + by + O
EX: He was writing a letter at 8.00 yesterday.
A letter was being written (by him).
Trang 7TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES
IN PASSIVE VOICE
The Past Perfect Tense
Active: S + had + V3ed + O
Passive: S + had + been + PP + by + O
EX: He had finished his homework before 8.00 yesterday.
His homework had been finished (by him) before 8.00 yesterday.
Trang 8TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES
IN PASSIVE VOICE
The Simple Future Tense
Active: S + will/shall + V + O
Passive: S + will/shall + be + PP + by + O
EX: He will finish the homework.
The homework will be finished
Trang 9TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES
IN PASSIVE VOICE
The Future Continuous Tense
Active: S + will/shall + be + V-ing + O
Passive: S + will /shall + be + being + PP + by + O
EX: Tom will be cooking lunch at 10.00 tomorrow.
Lunch will be being cooked by Tom at 10.00 tomorrow.
Trang 10TABLE OF ENGLISH TENSES
IN PASSIVE VOICE
The Future Perfect Tense
Active: S + will/shall + have + V3ed + O
Passive: S + will /shall + have + been + PP + by + O
EX: By the end of next week, he will have written 10 letters to her.
By the end of next week, 10 letters will have been written to her.
Trang 11EX: We can’t solve this problem
This problem can’t be solved.
Trang 12PASSIVE VOICE WITH CAUSATIVE
FORM
Active: S + Has/Have + O1 + V ( BI )+ O2
S + Get + O1 + V ( to-infinitive ) + O2
Passive: S + Has/Have/Get + O2 + PP
EX: My father had Tom wash his car.
My father had his car washed by Tom
Trang 13OTHER INFINITIVE COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE
EX: He wants someone to take photographs .
He wants photographs to be taken.
Trang 14Such verbs as “ have/let/make/hear/see/watch/feel/ observe ” are used in the following passive structure:
Active: S + V + O + V ( BI )
Passive: S + To Be + PP + to-Infinitive
EX: The gravity makes things drop down.
Things are made to drop down by the gravity.
Note : The verb following “let” does not bear “to” in the passive sentence.
Trang 15OTHER INFINITIVE COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE
EX: He urged the Council to reduce the tax.
The Council was urged to reduce the tax
Trang 16OTHER INFINITIVE COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE
VOICE
With advise/beg/order/recommend/urge + Indirect Object + infinitive + Object, we have two ways of making the passive voice.
<2>Active: S + V + O1 + to-infinitive + O2
Passive: S1 + V + that + S2 + should be + PP
EX: He urged the Council to reduce the tax.
He urged that the tax should be reduced
Trang 17OTHER INFINITIVE COMBINATIONS AFTER THE
PASSIVE VERB
After acknowledge/assume/believe/claim/
consider /estimate/feel/find/know/report/
say/think /understand …, we use the infinitive construction.
Simple Infinitive: if the time in the infinitive passive is the same as that of the main active verb.
Trang 18<1>Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + (O)
Passive: It + To Be + PP + that + S2 + V2 + (O) EX: People said that he was jealous of her.
It was said that he was jealous of her.
Trang 19<2>Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + (O)
Passive: S+ To Be + PP + to + V+ (O)
EX: People said that he was jealous of her.
He was said to be jealous of her.
Trang 20Perfect Infinitive: if the time in the infinitive passive is earlier than that of the main active verb.
<1>Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + (O)
Passive: It + To Be + PP + that + S2 + V2 + (O)
EX: People say that he was jealous of her.
It is said that he was jealous of her.
Trang 21<2>Active: S1 + V1 + that + S2 + V2 + (O)
Passive: S+ To Be + PP + to have + PP + (O) EX: People say that he was jealous of her.
He is said to have been jealous of her.
Trang 22OTHER GERUND COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE
VOICE
With advise/insist/propose/recommend
/suggest + Gerund + Object
Active: S + V + V-ing + O
Passive: S + V + that + S + should be + PP
EX: He recommended using bullet-proof glass.
He recommended that bullet-proof glass should be used
Trang 23OTHER GERUND COMBINATIONS IN PASSIVE
VOICE
Active: S + V + O + V-ing
Passive: S + V + Being + PP + by + O
EX: I remembered my father taking me to the zoo.
I remember being taken to the zoo by my father
Trang 24Active: S + V + To-inf + O
Passive: S + V + To Be + PP + by + O
EX: She started to learn English 5 years ago.
English started to be learnt 5 years ago
Active: S + V + V-ing + O
Passive: S + V + Being + PP + by + O
EX: She started learning English 5 years ago.
English started being learnt 5 years ago