Nguyên lý thiết kế cấu tạo các công trình kiến trúc 17 pptx

Bin bgc thang duuc che" tao the0 mgy hinh thdc : chil nhGt, ch5 L, b i n bgc tam giBc dac hoac rdng... Ti6t die11 dhm thAn thang : hinh chd nhat, hinh rang cua.. Ddi v6i dhrn hinh rang

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I/- Cau tao cac loai ci'ra dac biet

4 l- Cira ddy (H5-33a.b)

4.2- Cira cuon (H5-34)

4.3- Cira quay (H5-35a.b.c.de)

4.4- Cira xe"p (H5-36)

(Hinh v& minh hoa chi ti&)

111- Cau thang betong cot thep Ihp ghep :

2.1- Dac diem : CBc cgu kitn ki5t cgu c6a cLu thang duuc chC tao san trong cbng

x u h g hay b hien t r u h g , sau khi ci'u kicn dh k h i nang chju luc thi dem den vi t n lap ghCp - Nhu vgy tang duuc tbc d o thi cdng, d6ng thbi dBp img nhu cAu c6ng nghitp h o i xAy d q g , ti& kiem duuc vin khu6n nang cao chait luqng s i n phdm

2.2- Phan loai : CLu thang lap ghCp c6 nhiCu loai, nhmg c6 th6 phAn ra 3 loai the0 trong luqng cgu kien - Chon loai nho tujl vho diCu kitn thi c6ng vh phuung thhc a- CAu thang lap ghCp ciiu kitn nhb : (H6-34)

Chi lap ghCp c i c bin bijc thang Bin bgc thang duuc che" tao the0 mgy hinh thdc : chil nhGt, ch5 L, b i n bgc tam giBc (dac hoac rdng) CBc bin dac duuc k t tqrc tigp len

t u h g hay ddm nghitng dd tai ch6 hoac treo Loai nay c6 ULI di&m trong luqng caiu kien nh6 ntn kh6ng cLn phumg tien cdu lap m i chi dung thh c8ng d6 l i p ghCp;nhmg n6 c 6 nhuuc di6m lap ghCp ch+m vii nhi&u cgu kitn, nang nC, g h cLu thang bi tbi, chi ntn Bp dung cho nhh 2 tLng

b- Cau thang hip ghkp cciir kitn trung binh : (H6-35)

Trong luqng cgu kien cdu thang lap ghCp trung binh vho k h o h g 500kg, t h u h g c 6 2 + Cau thang hinh thirc bhn : Loai nhy duqc p h h ra 2 loai caiu kitn chinh :

Chi& nghi : gidng nhu ke"t ci'u ciia s h giic (c6 th6 12 panen ch5 U, panen hop, bAn

Than thang : GBc truc tie"p l t n chie"u nghi, san - Tujl the0 su 1Bm vicc c6 th6 phAn

t h i n thang thhnh mot giii hogc nhi&u giai rong td 30 - 60cm/m6i giii

+ C&u thang hinh thir'c bAn d&m : Can cd vao tinh ch6t chju lcfc lam viec va yeu cBu s d dung, thudng n@di ta phhn ke"t c6u chju lgc cBu thang ra 3 cgu kien chinh :

Bac thang : Cgu tao gi6ng n h u c6u tao bac thang 6 cgu kien nh6 (co 3 llinh thdc

: b i n , chd nhat, chd L va tam giac dgc hogc r8ng) Cac b i n c6 thd tga tr6n tudng hogc

tr6n dBm, n h m g thBng t h ~ d n g dd tien thi cBng b i n ke 2 dBu l6n dBm

1 Chiku ngh; : gidng n h u san gac, do d6 kgt cdu chi& ngh; c6 th6 la panen c h 3 U,

k panen hop hogc b i n D U ~ C ke trgc tigp 16n tudng chju lgc hogc l6n dBm

I DAm thang : C6 2 loai :

i DBm chi& ngh; hogc dhrn chi& t6i (ti& dier, hinh chd nhGt hogc chi? L)

DBm t h i n thang (dBm LimBng) : chinh la dAm nghi&ng tga l&n d$m 86 chi& ngh;, chi& t6i 11ogc l6n tru gach, hogc m6ng b&tBng (6 tBng du6i cung)

Ti6t die11 dhm thAn thang : hinh chd nhat, hinh rang cua Ddi v6i dhrn hinh rang cua di~ilg bac la ban phftng, con dAin la chd nhet thi ban bac hi1111 tam giac

I - Cach b o tri dam nghieng : Moi than thang c6 thd c6 1 hoac 2 ddm nghieng

U

R Doi vdi than thang c6 2 ddrn nghieng : thi cBng thu9n tien, lien k&t d m g i h

T r u h g hap moi than thang chi c6 1 ddrn nghieng nen bo" tri ir giila than thang; v&

mat kie"n truc tao duqc su thanh mAnh nhe nhhng, nhung lien k6t giila bAn bGc vh ddrn

kh6

1 - Lap ghep cac cau kien v6i nhau co 2 cach :

+ CA than thang chi c6 mot loai bac thang (bat ve" nhy dat lech vdi vC kia mot bac) ki&u nhy so" loai b$c thang it, nhung dien tich chi& nghi tang, long cdu thang l h

+ ThAn thang c6 3 kidu b9c thang khhc nhau do"i vdi t r u h g hap nhy thi 18ng cdu thang nh6, khBng c6 bac so le, nhung so" loai bac nhi&u

c- Cau thang lap ghep cau kien l h : (H6-36) Can cir vho tinh chgt chju luc, yeu cdu sir dung, tohn bQ cdu thang phan lam 2 cgu kien chinh :

- Chie"u nghi : panen s u h , panen kh6ng c6 s u h , panen hop duqc ke len t u h g hoac

ke len dAm

- Than thang : tua tren chi& nghi, shn chie"u tdi vh 12n de" gach hoac bet6ng ir tdng dudi chng ThAn thang c6 thk 1hm the0 mgy loai sau :

+ Than thang c6 mat dudi phang : che" tao dun giin, mat dudi thang phing dE 1hm ve sinh vh dep, nhung t6n th6p vh bet6ng

chg

1 bets hhn

[hi,

ing

kiem vat lieu, n h m g chi5 tgo ph3c tap

+ Than thang c6 hinh th3c b i n phhng : C i 2 mat b$c thang d6u xAy ggch : ti& kiem vgt lieu, tgn dung vat lieu dja phdmg, chQ tao d m giin nlwhg thdi gian hoin

2.3- Lien k6t gi3a cac csu kien : (H6-37)

Dd cac cgu kien rieng re c6 th6 lam vi$c tdt, d i m bio do cdng gi3a chc cdu kien thi

yeu cAu lien kQt phii chat ch6 v6i nhau CBc ki6u loai lien k6t :

a- Lien kZt gi& ccic c6u kign nho' : g i n vio cac ca"u kien l6n thdang diing phdmlg phap lien k6t toan kh6i la chi'nh

b- LiGn kZt gi& b i n vci b@c thang : c6 thd lien kQt vao cdu kien chju lqc c6a cAu thang bhng 2 cach :

- Ngim chat vao tddng : ch6 y6u la dqa vio trong hap tddng v i ddqc cdu tao giQ

- Lien ke"t bhng ch6t thCp chBn s5n trong chAn thang d bac thang chua siin 16 trbn hay vuong, than thang d$ s5n thCp chb $6 - $8 Sau khi l i p dung vi tri, hin lai d6

d- Lien ket gi2a cac cau kien trung binh va nhb : Lien ke't chju luc 18 chb y6u Lien ke"t gi3a c i c dam than thang (LimBng) v6i d6m chi& nghi hay chii5u tdi

Dung 2 phumg ph6p :

- Lien k6t toin khoi : Trong q u i trinh chC tao d& chua san n h h g thanh thkp, khi l i p lien ke't c i c thanh thCp chb d6 viri nhau rdi do b2tBng tigp tuc Kiiu lien ke"t niy giaa c i c c$u kitn duqc vGng chic, bdn lau, nhung thi cdng cham

- Lien kCt hin : khi chC tao c$u kitn thi tai n h k g vi tri sE lien ke"t cgu kiCn vdi nhau c6 dat san thCp ban trong c$u kitn

Loai lien ke't niy thi c6ng nhanh, nhung khi hin nhict do 1611 c6 t h i 1im ran nirt betong, do d6 vice bAo ve cot thkp kh6ng tot d6 bi ri sCt Sau.khi hhn phii phb 1Cn ch8 hhn lien k6t met l6p vi3a ximang m6c 80 - 100

Cau thang 18 met be phan trong cong trinh kie"n truc duqc c$u tao nham tao phumg

tien cho viec di lai ciia n@di va v@n chuydn vat dung the0 chi6u t h h g ddng, d6ng thdi

trong qua trinh sd dyng bo ph@n n$y c i n g d& d ~ q c nghien c h thigt kg nhAm dap b g

yeu C$U dec biet do cac'tac dong kh6ng che" v6 kh6ng gian, vi tri, hinh thdc kgt c i u va

thdm my

1)- Hinh thdc k6t d u c@u lqc :

1.1- C&u thang tron xoay tr6n 6e :

C$u thang dUdc c6u tao v6i b@c thang mot d$u ti g6i hoec lien k6t vio try trung

t i m , dau kia ngam vao tudng chiu host d$m cong - V@t lieu diing c i u tao c$u thang n$y

c6 thd la g6, da, bet6ng c6t thkp, c6t thkp (H6-40a)

- D i m b i o chju lqc cho b@c thang khdi hanh va trv trung thm

- D i m bAo khoing thoat d$u 1,80m

- Khbng nCn dat chi& nghi ir kholng gii3a cdu thang, ne"u cdn thie't phli co thi cAn

d u t r i ~ them 2 b$c vho tong sb b$c d l co 66 kholng rang l i m chi& nghi, d6ng thai phli

kidm soit lai k h o b g thoit ddu b vi tri chi& nghi nhy

- Tujl thuac chi& cao gii3a hai mat s i n mh chia b$c, dinh chi& rang v i chi& cao b$c thich hap

- Xac djnh vi tri b4c khbi hinh v i b$c de'n (mat bang) kidm tra dd b l o d i m kholng

1 thobt dAu ir c i c vi tri niy (mat cht)

1.2- Cau thang treo :

Ciu thang duuc cc$u tao vdi n h h g b$c thang bang go, thtp, Mtbng cbt thtp the0 kct c&u treo v i o c i c be ph$n chiu luc cha cbc s i n ir b t n trCn

C8u thang treo c6 kidu cbch ke't cc$u dac biet, thi cbng phirc tap nhung dbp img duuc yCu cdu trang tri v i t h h my cao (H6-40h)

2)- Trutmg hap khong gian han che" :

2.1- Khi budng thang han che" nhung c6 yCu cAu b l o d i m luu luqng nguai di lai d6ng nhiCu, bp dung gili phip b b tri 2 cdu thang trong cijng mat budng thang vdi c i c

nhbnh thang c6 chi& di v i chi& de"n dat dbi chko nhau tai moi s i n nhi (H6-41a)

2.2- Chi& d i i th&n thang han che" : Trudng hqp nay c 6 th& i p dung gili phbp thAn ngan - Chi& d i i than thang chi con bang 112 chi& d i i binh t h u h g bang cbch b b tri

trCn mat bang cha mat b$c thang thinh 2 b$c bu6c duuc ciiu tao so le the0 nhip bu6c

di len

d nhir~ nha ch

c h th,

di ICn D o d o luc sd dung co ph3n go b6 b bubc khbi hanh, chi nCn dung

b nhilng n ~ i it ngudi cti lai nhu 1Cn xu6ng gilc ldng hoac kho trong nhfing nha chat hep nhung c6 yCu c'au tan dung t6i cia khbng gian Vat lieu cie" lam

c h thang ki6u nay c6 the dung gach, ci6 xtiy hoac g6, thCp ( H6-41b)