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Chapter 101. Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss (Part 11) doc

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Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia Due to Acute Blood Loss Part 11 Table 101-5 Drugs that Carry Risk of Clinical Hemolysis in Persons with G6PD Deficiency Risk Doubtful Risk Antimalarials

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Chapter 101 Hemolytic Anemias and Anemia

Due to Acute Blood Loss

(Part 11)

Table 101-5 Drugs that Carry Risk of Clinical Hemolysis in Persons with G6PD Deficiency

Risk

Doubtful Risk

Antimalarials Primaquine Chloroq

uine

Quinine

roguanil

Sulphonamides/s

ulphones

Sulphametoxaz ole

Sulfasala zine

Sulfisoxaz ole

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Others Sulfadim

idine

Sulfadiazi

ne

Antibacterial/anti

biotics

Cotrimoxazole Ciproflo

xacin

Chloramp henicol

cin

p-Aminosalicylic acid

Antipyretic/analg

esics

Acetanilide Acetylsa

licylic acid high dose (>3 g/d)

Acetylsali cylic acid <3 g/d

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Phenazopyridin

e (Pyridium)

phen

Other Naphthalene Vitamin

K analogues

Doxorubic

in

acid >1 g

Probeneci

d

ase

Table 101-6 Diseases/Clinical Situations with Predominantly Intravascular Hemolysis

riate

Comme

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Time Course Mechanism Diagnostic

Procedure

nts

Mismatche

transfusion

Abrupt Nearly

always ABO incompatibility

Repeat cross match

Paroxysmal

nocturnal

hemoglobinuria

(PNH)

Chronic with acute exacerbations

Comple ment (C)-mediated destruction of CD59(–) red cells

Flow cytometry to display a CD59(–) red cell population

Exacerba tions due to C activation

through any pathway

Paroxysmal

cold

hemoglobinuria

(PCH)

lysis of normal red cells

Test for

Donath-Landsteiner antibody

Often triggered by viral infection

Septicemia Very

acute

Exotoxi

ns produced by

Blood cultures

Other organisms may

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Clostridium perfringens

be responsible

Microangio

pathic

Acute

or chronic

Red cell fragmentation

Red cell morphology on blood smear

Different causes ranging from

endothelial damage to hemangioma to leaky prosthetic heart valve

March

hemoglobinuria

ical destruction

Targete

d history taking

tion of older fraction of

G6PD-deficient red

G6PD assay

Triggere

d by ingestion

of large dish of fava beans; but trigger can be

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cells infection or

drug instead

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