as far as some time, place, thing, or person; until; through.. very thin, usually soft paper that is used to cleanse the affected areas of one’s body after one has used the toilet.. some
Trang 1title ["taIt @l] 1 n the name of a
book, movie, song, play, picture,
or poem 2 n a word, often
abbreviated, that is placed before a
person’s name, indicating rank,
profession, or social position 3 n
the official name of a job or
posi-tion 4 n an official document
showing that someone owns
something (Compare this with
deed W.) 5 tv to give something
Q
tizzy ["tIz i] an excited and
con-fused condition; a fuss
→ in a tizzy
to [tu, t@] 1 prep in the direction
of someone or something; toward
someone or something; in the
direction of a place, position, or
condition; toward and reaching a
place to which one is going
2 prep as far as some time, place,
thing, or person; until; through
(Often indicated with a hyphen or
short dash, as in “1997–1999.”)
3 prep a form that marks the
indirect object of a verb, showing
the action of a verb toward
some-one or something 4 prep for
each; in each; included in each
5 prep as far as someone or
thing; against someone or
some-thing 6 prep before a certain
time 7 the marker of the
infini-tive form of verbs (This use ofto
is often considered to be a
prepo-sition, but it has none of the
quali-ties of a preposition.)
to one’s heart’s content as much
as one wants
to the ends of the earth
every-where possible, even to the
remotest and most inaccessible points on the earth
to wit namely; that is; that is to say.
toad ["tod] n a small animal
simi-lar to a frog, but which lives mostly on land
toast ["tost] 1 n sliced bread that
has been browned by heat (No plural Number is expressed with
piece(s) or slice(s) of toast.) 2 n a
statement made before an invita-tion for everyone present to take a drink in approval or agreement
3 tv to brown a slice of bread by
heating it; to brown something by
heating it 4 tv to warm
some-thing, especially marshmallows,
over a fire 5 tv to honor
some-one or something by taking a drink; to drink to the honor of someone or something
→ propose a toast
toaster ["tos t#] n an electrical
appliance that toasts bread
tobacco [t@ "bAk o] n a plant
whose leaves are dried to be smoked in cigars, cigarettes, or pipes or to be chewed (Plural only for types and instances.)
toboggan [t@ "bag @n] 1 n a long sled without blades 2 iv to ride
on Q; to go down hills on Q
today [t@ "de] 1 n this day; the current day 2 n in this period of time 3 adv in the current age or general time period 4 adv on this
day
toe ["to] 1 n one of the fingerlike
projections on the front of the foot; one of the digits on one’s foot 2 n the part of a shoe, boot, sock, or other piece of footwear title
646
Trang 2that covers or encloses one or
more Q
→ on one’stoes
→ step on someone’stoes
→ tread on someone’stoes
toe the line Go to toe the mark.
toe the mark and toe the line to
do what one is expected to do; to
follow the rules
toenail ["to nel] n the thin, hard
plate that covers the front part of
the end of the toe
together [t@ "gE D#] 1 adv as one
group of people or things 2 adv.
at the same time; simultaneously
→ band together (against someone or
something)
→ blend somethingtogether (with
something)
→ crowd together
→ draw some peopletogether
→ flock together
→ hang together
→ huddle (up) (together)
→ keep body and soul together
→ lump people or thingstogether
→ mesh together
→ patch somethingtogether (with
something)
→ piece somethingtogether
→ put two and two together
→ room together
→ slap somethingtogether
→ stick together
→ throw somethingtogether
→ toss somethingtogether
toil ["toIl] 1 n hard work; hard
labor; work that requires a lot of
physical energy or effort (Plural
only for types and instances.) 2 iv
to work hard; to labor; to do work
that requires a lot of physical
energy or effort
toilet ["toI l@t] 1 n a bathroom; a
room that has W; a restroom 2 n.
a strong, ceramic bowl, connected
to a drain and having a seat attached to it, into which one expels urine or feces
→ go to the toilet
toilet paper ["toI l@t pe p#] n very
thin, usually soft paper that is used to cleanse the affected areas
of one’s body after one has used the toilet (No plural.)
token ["tok @n] 1 n a sign of
something; a reminder of some-thing; visible proof of somesome-thing; evidence of something 2 n a small piece of metal, similar to a coin, that is used instead of money 3 adj only serving as a symbol of something; done solely for the way it will appear to others
→ by the same token
told ["told] past tense and past
par-ticiple oftell
→ alittle bird told me
tolerant ["tal @ r@nt] adj willing to
allow others to do something or to live the way they want to (Adv:
tolerantly.)
tolerate ["tal @ ret] tv to endure
someone or something; to manage
to accept someone or something
toll ["tol] 1 n a fee paid for the
privilege of doing something, especially traveling on certain routes 2 n the extra charge for certain telephone calls that are not
local 3 iv [for a bell] to ring slowly and repeatedly 4 tv to ring
a bell slowly and repeatedly
tomato [t@ "me to] 1 n a round,
soft red fruit that grows on a vine and is eaten as food (Plural ends
in -es.) 2 adj made or flavored
with Q
tomato
647
Trang 3tomb ["tum] n an enclosure in
which someone is buried,
espe-cially a structure that is above
ground level
tombstone ["tum ston] n a grave
marker; a large slab of stone at a
grave that shows who is buried at
that place and when that person
was alive
tomorrow [t@ "mar o] 1 n the day
after today (Usually singular.)
2 n the future (No plural.)
3 adv during Q; at some time
during Q
ton ["t^n] n a unit of measure of
weight equal to 2,000 pounds
(Also called a short ton; used in
the United States and Canada.)
→ hit (someone) like a ton of bricks
tone ["ton] 1 n a sound as it relates
to its quality, intensity, or pitch
2 n a quality of one’s voice that
reveals one’s feelings or attitude
3 n a style, character, or mood of
an event or circumstance 4 n.
firmness of the muscles (No
plural.)
→ dial tone
tone something down to cause
something to have less of an
impact on the senses of sight or
sound; to lessen the impact of
something prepared for public
performance or consumption
tongs ["tONz] n a tool or utensil
that has two arms joined by a
hinge or spring and is used for
holding or moving something
(Treated as plural Number is
expressed with pair(s) of tongs.)
→ fight someone or somethinghammer
and tongs
→ go at it hammer and tongs
tongue ["t^N] 1 n the long,
typi-cally pink, movable organ in the mouth, used for tasting, managing food, and, in humans, speaking
2 n the Q of an animal, eaten as food (No plural.) 3 n a language.
4 n the flap of material that is
part of a shoe and fits under the
laces 5 n a flame; a pointed
sec-tion of fire
→ bite one’stongue
→ cause (some) tongues to wag
→ hold one’stongue
→ keep a civil tongue (in one’s head)
→ on the tip of one’stongue
→ slip of the tongue
→ speak with a forked tongue
tongue-in-cheek insincere;
jok-ing
tonic ["tan Ik] 1 n a remedy;
something that is good for one’s health; something that provides strength 2 n a kind of flavored soda water that is somewhat bitter
tonight [t@ "naIt] 1 n this evening; this night 2 adv during Q; at
some time during Q
tonsil ["tan s@l] n one of two small
organs in the very back of the mouth at the side of the throat
too ["tu] 1 adv as well; also; in addition 2 adv more than
enough; more than is desired;
beyond what is desired 3 adv very; extremely 4 adv a form
used after be, will, do, have, can, should, would, andcouldto strengthen them in response to a negative statement
too good to be true almost
unbe-lievable; so good as to be unbeliev-able
took ["tUk] Past participle oftake tomb
648
Trang 4tool ["tul] 1 n anything that helps
someone work; an instrument that
is used to help someone do work
2 n someone who is used by
someone else, especially in an
unfair way (Figurative on Q.)
tool something up to equip a
fac-tory or production line with tools
and machines
tool up to become equipped with
tools
toolshed ["tul SEd] n a small
building where gardening tools are
stored
toot ["tut] 1 n a short blast of a
horn or a whistle 2 tv to cause a
horn or whistle to make a short
noise
toot one’s own horn and blow
one’s own horn to boast about
oneself; to praise oneself
tooth ["tuT] 1 n., irreg one of the
hard, usually white, bony objects
in the mouth, used for biting and
chewing while eating (Plural:
teeth.) 2 n., irreg something
shaped like Q, especially a small
pointed object on a wheel that is
part of a machine, the “fingers” of
a rake, or the points along the
length of a comb or saw
→ fight someone or somethingtooth
and nail
→ go at it tooth and nail
→ go over somethingwith a
fine-tooth comb
→ have a sweet tooth
→ search somethingwith a
fine-tooth comb
→ sweet tooth
toothache ["tuT ek] n a pain in or
around a tooth
toothbrush ["tuT br@S] n a small
brush that is used for cleaning the teeth
toothpaste ["tuT pest] n a paste
that is placed on a toothbrush and
is used for cleaning the teeth (Plural only for types and instances.)
toothpick ["tuT pIk] n a small, thin
piece of wood that is used to remove pieces of food from between one’s teeth
top ["tap] 1 n the highest part of
something; the upper part of something; the peak of something; the upper surface of something
2 n the highest position; the
highest rank; the most successful position; the most important posi-tion 3 n a cover; a cap; a lid 4 n
a piece of clothing worn above the
waist, especially on women 5 adj.
on or at the highest part of
some-thing 6 adj first; best; most important 7 adj greatest;
strongest; at the highest intensity
8 tv to place something on the
highest part of something; to place something on something else
→ at the top of one’slungs
→ at the top of one’svoice
→ from the top
→ from top to bottom
→ in top form
→ off the top of one’shead
→ on top
→ on top of the world
→ over the top
→ thin on top
top something off (with some-thing) 1 to celebrate an end to a task with an event 2 to complete
the top of something, such as a building
top something off (with something)
649
Trang 5topic ["tap Ik] n the subject of
something that is being written or
talked about
topple over [for something very
tall] to fall over
torch ["tortS] 1 n a large stick or
club whose upper end is on fire
2 n a machine that makes a very
hot flame, used to cut or join
together pieces of metal by
melt-ing them 3 tv to set somethmelt-ing
on fire; to destroy something with
fire
→ carry a torch (for someone)
→ carry the torch
tore ["tor] a past tense oftear
torment 1 ["tor mEnt] n a severe
emotional or physical pain; agony
(Plural only for types and
instances.) 2 [tor "mEnt] tv to
cause someone severe pain or
agony; to cause someone to suffer
torn ["torn] 1 a past participle of
tear 2 adj having a tear; ripped.
torn between something and
something else troubled by a
choice or dilemma
tornado [tor "ne do] n a violent
wind that spins in circles very fast
and can cause a great amount of
damage (Plural ends in -s or -es.)
torpedo [tor "pi do] 1 n an
explo-sive device that is fired underwater
from a submarine or ship toward
another submarine or ship (Plural
ends in -es.) 2 tv to attack
thing with Q; to explode
some-thing by firing Q at it
tortoise ["tor t@s] n a turtle,
espe-cially one that only lives on land
torture ["tor tS#] 1 n the
inflict-ing of pain in a cruel way (No
plural.) 2 tv to cause someone to
suffer pain in a cruel way
toss ["tOs] 1 tv to throw
some-thing lightly or gently; to throw
something carelessly 2 tv to lift
and throw something upward; to cause something to move as if it had been thrown 3 tv to flip a coin into the air in order to decide
a choice based on which side of the coin appears when it falls; to roll dice 4 iv to turn; to move
restlessly 5 iv to be thrown,
espe-cially by water; to be moved with
force 6 n an instance of
throw-ing someththrow-ing
toss a salad to mix the lettuce and
vegetables of a salad together with dressing
toss one’s hat into the ring to
state that one is running for an elective office
toss something together to
assem-ble something hastily
total ["tot @l] 1 n the whole
amount; the sum; the number obtained by adding other numbers together 2 adj whole; complete;
entire (Adv: totally.) 3 tv to cal-culate Q 4 tv to come to a
cer-tain amount; to reach a cercer-tain amount
→ grand total
total something up to add up the
total of something
totally ["tot @ li] adv completely;
entirely
tote ["tot] tv to carry something touch ["t^tS] 1 tv to place one’s
finger, hand, or some other body part on someone or something
2 tv to place one object against
topic
650
Trang 6another; to place one object on
another 3 tv to border
some-thing; to share a border with
something 4 tv to make contact
with something; to have no space
between two or more objects (No
actual movement is involved.)
5 tv to handle something; to use
something (Especially in negative
constructions.) 6 iv [for people
or things] to make contact or be in
contact 7 tv to affect someone,
especially in a sad way 8 n an
instance of placing one’s finger or
hand on someone or something
9 n someone’s handling or gentle
pressure as sensed by the person
being touchedas in Q (No
plu-ral.) 10 n a detail that improves
something or adds to something
11 n a small amount of
some-thing; a little bit of something
12 n a special or unique skill or
style; evidence of one’s skill or
style
→ have the Midas touch
touch down [for an airplane] to
come in contact with the ground
touch someone for something to
ask someone for a loan of
some-thing, usually a sum of money
(Informal.)
touch someone or something off to
ignite or excite someone or
some-thing
touch something up to fix up the
minor flaws in something
touch (up)on something to
men-tion something; to discuss
some-thing briefly
touchy ["t^tS i] adj easily angered;
easily upset; irritable; too
sensi-tive (Adv: touchily Comp: touch-ier; sup: touchiest.)
tough ["t^f] 1 adj not tender;
dif-ficult to chew (Comp: tougher;
sup: toughest.) 2 adj hard to do;
difficult; not easy (Comp:
tougher; sup: toughest.) 3 adj.
strong and determined; not weak
(Adv: toughly Comp: tougher; sup: toughest.) 4 adj stubborn; not
likely to have a change of mind
(Adv: toughly Comp: tougher; sup: toughest.) 5 adj rough; violent;
dangerous (Adv: toughly Comp:
tougher; sup: toughest.) 6 adj.
unfortunate; unlucky (Informal
Comp: tougher; sup: toughest.)
7 n a criminal; someone who is
violent or dangerous
a tough act to follow a
presenta-tion or performance of such high quality that one will have diffi-culty maintaining the same stan-dard of quality in one’s own presentation or performance
atough row to hoe a difficult task
to undertake
tough something out to endure
something; to endure the diffi-culty of something to the very end
toughen someone or something up
to cause someone or something to become stronger, more uncom-promising, or more severe
toughen up to become tougher,
stronger, or more severe
tour ["tU #] 1 n a trip in which
several places of interest are vis-ited; a trip in which one visits an interesting place 2 tv to travel through a place; to move through
a place for entertainment 3 tv.
tour
651
Trang 7[for a performance and its
per-formers] to visit or travel to many
places in order to be seen 4 iv to
travel around from place to place
in order to be seen
tourism ["tU# Iz @m] 1 n travel;
visiting interesting places,
espe-cially for a vacation (No plural.)
2 n the business of attracting and
serving tourists (No plural.)
tourist ["tU# Ist] 1 n someone
who travels for pleasure 2 the
adj use of Q.
tournament ["tU# n@ m@nt] n a
contest involving several people or
teams who play several games in
such a way that the winner of one
game plays the winner of another
game until there is only one
cham-pion remaining
tow ["to] 1 tv to pull something
with a rope or chain 2 n an
instance of pulling something
with a rope or chain
→ in tow
tow someone or something away to
pull something, such as a car or a
boat, away with another car, boat,
etc (The someone refers to the
property of someone, not the
per-son.)
tow someone or something in(to
something) to pull something,
such as a car or a truck, into
thing, such as a garage (The
some-one refers to the property of
someone, not the person.)
tow someone or something out (of
someplace) to pull something,
such as a car, out of something,
such as a ditch (The someone
refers to the property of someone,
not the person.)
toward(s) ["tord(z)] 1 prep
[fac-ing] in a certain direction; facing
someone 2 prep about or in
rela-tion to or about someone or
some-thing 3 prep just before a certain time 4 prep as a payment to
someone or something
towel ["taU @l] n a piece of cloth or
paper that is used to take away moisture from a surface
→ throw in the towel
tower ["taU #] n a tall building or
structure; a tall part of a building
or structure
→ live in an ivory tower
a tower of strength a person who
can always be depended on to pro-vide support and encouragement, especially in times of trouble
town ["taUn] 1 n an area where
people live that is smaller than a
city but larger than a village 2 n.
the part of a city where businesses, stores, and markets are found (No plural.) 3 n a city 4 n all the
people who live in Q 5 the adj.
use of Q, W, or E
→ go to town
→ aman about town
→ out on the town
→ paint the town red
→ talk of the town
toy ["toI] 1 n something that is made to amuse a child 2 adj.
made to be played with
trace ["tres] 1 n a very small amount of something 2 tv to
draw or copy the outline of some-thing by putting a thin piece of paper on top of it and then draw-ing over the lines one sees through the thin paper 3 tv to follow the path of something’s growth, devel-tourism
652
Trang 8opment, or history 4 tv to seek
the origin of something
track ["trAk] 1 n the marks made
by a vehicle, person, or animal
traveling from place to place 2 n.
a pair of parallel metal rails that
trains travel on 3 n a trail; a
path; a rough road 4 n a circular
pathway used for running or
rac-ing 5 n a group of sports
activi-ties including running, jumping,
and other tests of individual
endurance and strength (No
plu-ral.) 6 tv to follow the trail of a
person or other creature
→ drop in one’stracks
→ get the inside track
→ have a one-track mind
→ jump the track
→ on the right track
→ on the wrong track
→ theother side of the tracks
track someone or something down
to search and find where someone
or something is
track something in(to someplace)
to bring something, such as mud,
into a place on the bottom of one’s
feet
track something up to mess a place
up by spreading around something
dirty or messy with one’s feet
traction ["trAk S@n] n the grip of a
wheel or shoe on a surface that
allows the wheel or shoe to apply
energy to the surface in order to
move ahead (No plural.)
tractor ["trAk t#] n a motor
vehi-cle with large, thick tires, used for
pulling farm equipment in fields
trade ["tred] 1 n the business of
buying and selling products (No
plural.) 2 n a particular business.
3 n a job that utilizes a skill 4 n.
the exchange of someone or some-thing for someone or somesome-thing else 5 tv to exchange someone or something for someone or
some-thing else 6 iv to exchange; to
swap
→ know (all) the tricks of the trade
trade something in (for something) and trade something in (on something) to return something,
such as a car, to a place where that item is sold as partial payment on
a new item
trade something in (on something)
Go to trade somethingin (for some-thing).
trade something off 1 to get rid of something in an exchange 2 to
sacrifice something in an exchange
trademark ["tred mark] 1 n a
word, name, or symbol—used and owned by a manufacturer—that identifies a product 2 n a mark
or feature that is associated with a certain person or thing (Figura-tive on Q.) 3 tv [for a manufac-turer] to protect Q by registering
it with the government
trader ["tred #] n a merchant;
someone who buys and sells things
as a business
tradition [tr@ "dI S@n] n the way
that something has been done from generation to generation (Plural only for types and instances.)
traditional [tr@ "dIS @ n@l] adj.
relating to tradition (Adv: tradi-tionally.)
traditional
653
Trang 9traffic ["trAf Ik] 1 n vehicles and
their movement—or slowness of
movement—on land, on water, or
in the air (No plural.) 2 n the
process of buying and selling (No
plural.)
→ stuck in traffic
traffic jam ["trAf Ik dZAm] n a
sit-uation in which vehicles on a road
have stopped or slowed down
because there are too many of
them
traffic light ["trAf Ik laIt] n a
sig-nal, usually found at intersections,
used to control traffic by a system
of lights (Can be shortened to
light.)
tragedy ["trA dZ@ di] 1 n a serious
play that has a sad ending 2 n a
disaster; a sad, unfortunate, or
ter-rible event
tragic ["trA dZIk] 1 adj of or about
serious plays with sad endings
(Adv: tragically [ Ik li].) 2 adj.
sad; terrible; unfortunate (Adv:
tragically [ Ik li].)
trail ["trel] 1 n the marks made by
a vehicle, person, or animal as it
travels from place to place; the
scent left by a person or animal as
it travels from place to place (See
also track.) 2 n a path through
an area that a car cannot travel
over; a path for walking, biking,
etc 3 tv to follow someone or an
animal by its scent, footprints, or
other clues that the person or
ani-mal leaves behind 4 tv to leave
something dirty on a surface by
walking or dragging something
across it
train ["tren] 1 n a line of railroad
cars pulled by an engine 2 tv to
teach someone a skill; to give someone the knowledge needed to
do a job 3 iv to prepare [oneself] for a job, contest, or a perfor-mance
→ have one’ssights trained on something
→ lose one’strain of thought
→ ride the gravy train
train one’s sights on something and have one’s sights trained
on something to have something
as a goal; to direct something or oneself toward a goal (The same
as set one’ssights on something.)
traitor ["tret #] n one who betrays
one’s country or leader
tramp ["trAmp] 1 n someone who
lives by begging; a male who lives
on the streets and does not have a home 2 n the sound of someone
marching (No plural.) 3 iv to
walk heavily and steadily
transaction [trAn "zAk S@n] n a
business deal; an agreement or negotiation that has been com-pleted
transfer ["trAns f#] 1 n the
move-ment of something from one place
to another place (No plural.) 2 n.
a ticket that allows someone to get off one vehicle, usually a bus, and get on another one without paying
a second fare 3 iv to move from one vehicle to another; to get off one vehicle and get on another one 4 iv to move from one site to
another site 5 tv to move
some-thing from one place to another
place 6 tv to cause someone to
move from one job site to another job site
traffic
654
Trang 10transform [trAns "form] tv to
change something’s or someone’s
shape, form, nature, or
appear-ance
transfusion [trAns "fju Z@n] n the
process of transferring blood from
one person to another
transistor [trAn "zIs t#] n a small
electrical device that controls the
flow of current in electronic
cir-cuits
transit ["trAn zIt] n
transporta-tion; movement of people or
goods (No plural.)
→ in transit
transitive verb ["trAn s@ tIv "v#b]
n a verb that is used with a direct
object; a verb that requires a direct
object (Abbreviated tv here.)
translate ["trAn slet] 1 tv to
change something written or
spo-ken from one language to another
2 iv to change [something
writ-ten or spoken in one language] to
another language
translation [trAnz "le S@n] n.
changing a message in one
lan-guage into an equivalent message
in another language; changing a
sequence of symbols in one code
into another code (Plural only for
types and instances.)
→ free translation
translator ["trAnz le t#] n
some-one who translates sentences of
one language into another
transmit [trAnz "mIt] tv to send
information by way of electricity
or radio waves
transmitter ["trAnz mIt #] n a
piece of electronic equipment that
transmits electromagnetic waves,
as for radio or television
transparent [trAnz "pEr @nt]
1 adj clear and able to be seen
through (Adv: transparently.)
2 adj obvious; easily recognized;
[of something meant to deceive] easy to figure out (Figurative on
Q Adv: transparently.)
transport ["trAnz port] 1 n
carry-ing people or thcarry-ings from one
place to another (No plural.) 2 tv.
to carry someone or something from one place to another
transportation [trAnz p# "te S@n]
1 n the system of moving people
and goods from one place to
another (No plural.) 2 n moving
people or goods from one place to another (No plural.)
trap ["trAp] 1 n a device used to catch animals or people 2 n a
bend in a drain pipe in which water rests in order to prevent harmful gases from the sewer from going into a building 3 tv
to catch someone or something in
Q 4 tv to prevent someone or
something from escaping, leaving,
or getting out
→ set a trap
trapper ["trAp #] n someone who
traps animals, skins them, and sells the fur
trash ["trAS] 1 n things that are
thrown away; rubbish; refuse (No
plural.) 2 tv to throw something
away (Slang.)
trauma ["trO m@] 1 n an emotional
shock; an emotional response to a
shock 2 n an injury; a wound;
damage to the body
trauma
655