→ as stubborn as a mule stuck ["st^k] past tense and past participle ofstick.. stung ["st^N] past tense and past participle ofsting.. stunk ["st^Nk] a past tense ofstink; past participle
Trang 1stubborn ["st^b #n] adj not
will-ing to do somethwill-ing that someone
else wants; not yielding; not giving
in (Adv: stubbornly.)
→ (as) stubborn as a mule
stuck ["st^k] past tense and past
participle ofstick
(stuck) in a rut remaining in an
established way of living that
never changes
stuck in traffic to be caught in a
traffic jam
student ["stud nt] n someone who
studies or learns, especially at a
school; a pupil
study ["st^d i] 1 tv to spend time
learning information about
some-thing by reading, researching,
observing, or experimenting 2 tv.
to examine something closely; to
scrutinize something; to observe
something closely 3 iv to be a
student; to read, research, observe,
or experiment in order to learn
about something 4 n the work or
effort involved in learning (The
same meaning in singular and
plu-ral, but not countable.) 5 n an
examination of something, as with
W 6 n a room where someone
works as in E
stuff ["st^f] 1 n any substance
that things are made of; the
mate-rial that anything is made of (No
plural.) 2 n things; unnamed
objects; belongings; possessions
(No plural.) 3 tv to fill something
with a substance; to pack
some-thing into a space or container
until there is no room left 4 tv to
fill the inside of a dead animal
with a material that preserves it
and maintains its shape so that it can be displayed
→ kid’s stuff
stuff and nonsense nonsense stuff the ballot box to put
dis-honest ballots into a ballot box; to cheat in counting the votes in an election
stumble ["st^m b@l] 1 iv to trip; to
fall over something; to almost fall while one is moving; to walk in a
clumsy way 2 iv to speak in a
clumsy way; to make mistakes while speaking; to trip on one’s words (Figurative on Q.)
stumble through something to get
through a sequence of something awkwardly and clumsily
stumbling block something that
prevents or obstructs progress
stump ["st^mp] 1 n the part of
something that remains when the other part has been cut off, broken
off, removed, or used 2 tv to
puzzle someone; to confuse some-one
stun ["st^n] 1 tv to surprise
one completely; to amaze some-one; to shock someone 2 tv to cause someone or something to become unconscious, by a blow or
by electrical shock
stung ["st^N] past tense and past
participle ofsting
stunk ["st^Nk] a past tense ofstink; past participle ofstink.
stupid ["stu pId] 1 adj not
intelli-gent; not smart (Adv: stupidly Comp: stupider; sup: stupidest.)
2 adj silly; foolish (Adv: stupidly.
Comp: stupider; sup: stupidest.)
3 adj [of something] annoying;
stubborn
606
Trang 2[of something] causing anger or
irritation (Comp: stupider; sup:
stupidest.)
stupidity [stu "pId I ti] 1 n a lack
of intelligence (No plural.) 2 n.
the condition of being stupid,
incorrect, or not appropriate (No
plural.)
sturdy ["st# di] adj strong; firm;
not easily knocked over (Adv:
sturdily Comp: sturdier; sup:
stur-diest.)
style ["staIl] 1 n a way in which
something is made, designed,
done, said, or written 2 n a
par-ticular design or theme in clothing
or products at a particular period
of time 3 n the manner in which
someone behaves 4 tv to design
or form something in a certain
way
→ cramp someone’sstyle
stylish ["staI lIS] adj in the current
fashion; in style; current;
up-to-date (Adv: stylishly.)
sub ["s^b] 1 n a sealed boat that
can remain still or travel
underwa-ter (Short for submarine.) 2 n.
someone or something serving in
the place of someone or
some-thing else (Short for substitute.)
subdue [s@b "du] 1 tv to bring
someone or something under one’s
control 2 tv to make someone or
something less noticeable; to
soften the strength or intensity of
something
subject ["s^b dZIkt] 1 n a topic;
something that is discussed,
exam-ined, or researched 2 n a course;
something that is studied; a
par-ticular field of knowledge 3 n.
someone or something used in an
experiment 4 n someone who is
ruled by a government or a ruler
5 n a person, object, or scene that
is painted or photographed 6 n.
the noun or noun phrase repre-senting the person or thing that performs the action in an active sentence, or that is the receiver of
an action in a passive sentence
→ change the subject
→ drop the subject
→ off the subject
subject matter ["s^b dZEk "mAt #]
n content; the subject that a piece
of writing or speech deals with
subject to something 1 likely to
have something, such as a physical
disorder 2 tentative, depending
on something; vulnerable to some-thing
subjective [s@b "dZEk tIv] adj of
or about what someone thinks about something instead of the actual facts about something
(Adv: subjectively.)
sublime [s@ "blaIm] adj supreme;
wonderful; grand; inspiring (Adv:
sublimely.)
submarine ["s^b m@ rin] 1 n a
ship that can travel completely underwater, used especially in war and for research (Can be short-ened to sub.) 2 n a large
sand-wich; a sandwich made with two long pieces of bread (Usually sub.)
submerge [s@b "m#dZ] 1 tv to put
something under the surface of a liquid; to immerse something in
water 2 iv to go underwater; to
go under the surface of a liquid
submerge
607
Trang 3submit someone to something [s@b
"mIt ] to make someone suffer
through or endure something
submit something to someone or
something [s@b "mIt ] to offer
something to someone or a group
for review and analysis; to present
something to someone or a group
for review and analysis
subscription [s@b "skrIp S@n] n an
order for a series of issues of a
magazine or newspaper
subsist on something to exist on
something; to stay alive on
some-thing
subsoil ["s^b soIl] n the layer of
soil that lies below the surface soil
of the earth (No plural.)
substance ["s^b st@ns] 1 n the
material that something is made
of; matter 2 n the essence; the
important part of something (No
plural.)
substitute ["s^b stI tut] 1 iv to be
put in someone or something else’s
place as a replacement 2 n a
replacement; someone or
some-thing that is put in someone or
something else’s place (Can be
shortened to sub.)
substitute someone or something
for someone or something to
replace someone or something
with someone or something else;
to exchange someone or
some-thing for someone or somesome-thing
else
substitution [s@b stI "tu S@n] 1 n.
the replacement of someone or
something with someone or
some-thing else (Plural only for types
and instances.) 2 n someone or
something that has been substi-tuted as in Q
subtract [s@b "trAkt] 1 tv to take a
part of something away; to take a quantity away [from another quantity]; to reduce something by
a certain amount (See also minus.)
2 iv to lessen or reduce
[some-thing] as in Q
subtraction [s@b "trAk S@n] n the
reduction of something by a cer-tain amount; the reduction of a quantity by another quantity (Plural only for types and instances.)
suburb ["s^ b#b] n a city, town, or
village that is next to or near a large city
suburban [s@ "b# b@n] adj of or
about the suburbs
subway ["s^b we] n an
under-ground electric train that provides transportation in large cities
succeed [s@k "sid] 1 iv to be suc-cessful; to reach a goal 2 tv to
follow someone or something into
a job or office
success [s@k "sEs] 1 n
accom-plishment; achievement (Plural
only for types and instances.) 2 n.
someone or something that is suc-cessful, especially someone or something that has become famous, important, or rich
successful [s@k "sEs fUl] adj
show-ing evidence of havshow-ing accom-plished something or having
reached a high status (Adv: suc-cessfully.)
succumb to something to yield to
something, especially a tempta-submit someone to something
608
Trang 4tion, fatal disease, a human
weak-ness, etc
such ["s^tS] adj so great; so much.
→ as such
such as 1 of a particular kind; of
the sort that is 2 for example.
suck ["s^k] tv to pull liquid into
one’s mouth by putting one’s lips
around something and drawing
the liquid in; to pull something
into one’s mouth with one’s lips
→ teach one’sgrandmother to suck
eggs
suck something up to pick
some-thing up by suction, as with a
vac-uum cleaner or through a straw
sudden ["s^d n] adj unexpected;
happening without warning (Adv:
suddenly.)
suddenly ["s^d n li] adv
unexpect-edly; without warning
suds ["s^dz] n bubbles formed by
soap mixing with water; lather;
froth (Treated as plural, but not
countable.)
sue ["su] 1 iv to start a lawsuit; to
file a claim against someone or
something in court 2 tv to bring
a lawsuit against someone or
something; to file a claim against
someone or something in court
suffer ["s^f #] 1 tv to experience
physical or emotional pain
because of illness or emotional
loss 2 iv to feel physical or
emo-tional pain 3 iv to worsen; to
decline in quality
suffix ["s^f Iks] n a form added to
the end of a word that changes or
modifies the meaning or function
of the word
suffocate ["s^f @ ket] 1 tv to kill
someone or a creature by prevent-ing it from gettprevent-ing the oxygen that
is needed 2 iv to die because one
is unable to get the oxygen that is needed
sugar ["SUg #] 1 n a sweet
sub-stance, usually in crystal form, that is made from certain plants and used to sweeten food and
drinks (No plural.) 2 n a sweet
substance that is found naturally
in many foods (Plural only for types and instances.)
suggest [s@g "dZEst] 1 tv to
pro-pose something that will be con-sidered; to express something that one thinks should be considered;
to offer something as an option (The object can be a clause with that U.) 2 tv to bring something
to one’s mind; to cause something
to be thought of in a certain way;
to cause something to be a reminder to someone (The object can be a clause with that U.)
suggestion [s@g "dZEs tS@n] 1 n a
hint; a trace; something that reminds someone of someone or
something (No plural.) 2 n a
proposal to be considered; an expression of something that one thinks should be considered; the offering of an option; something that is suggested
suggestive of something
reminis-cent of something; seeming to suggest something
suicide ["su @ saId] 1 n killing
oneself on purpose (No plural.)
2 n someone who has committed
Q
suicide
609
Trang 5suit ["sut] 1 n a set of formal
clothes, consisting of a jacket,
pants, and sometimes a vest, made
from the same material 2 n a set
of things, such as clothing or
armor, that are worn together
3 n a statement of claims against
someone or a business, brought to
a court of law (Short for lawsuit.)
4 n one of the four different sets
of cards found in a deck of playing
cards: clubs, hearts, spades, and
diamonds 5 tv to meet the
requirements of someone or
something 6 tv to look good
with something; to look good on
someone; to match someone
→ in one’sbirthday suit
suit someone to a T and fit
some-one to a T to be very appropriate
for someone
suit yourself Go to please yourself.
suitable ["su t@ b@l] adj right or
proper for the situation (Adv:
suitably.)
suitcase ["sut kes] n a piece of
luggage used for carrying clothing
and other personal items while
traveling
→ live out of a suitcase
sullen ["s^l @n] adj being silent and
looking angry and irritated
because one is in a bad mood
(Adv: sullenly.)
sum ["s^m] 1 n the total of two or
more amounts 2 n an amount of
money
→ lump sum
sum (something) up to give a
sum-mary of something
summarize ["s^m @ raIz] tv to
express the main ideas of
some-thing
summary ["s^m @ ri] n the main
ideas of something; a short state-ment about the important points
of a longer speech or text
summer ["s^m #] 1 n one of the
seasons of the year, after spring
and before autumn 2 the adj use
of Q
→ all summer long
summertime ["s^m # taIm] n.
summer; the season of summer (No plural.)
summit ["s^m @t] 1 n the highest
point of something, especially a
mountain 2 n a meeting
involv-ing very important people, espe-cially leaders of governments (Figurative on Q.)
sun ["s^n] 1 n a star; a star that
gives light and warmth to a planet;
a star that is orbited by a planet
2 the sun(listed below); the star
at the center of our solar system; the star that shines on the earth
3 tv to expose oneself to the light
of W; to “bathe” oneself in sun-light (Takes a reflexive object.)
4 iv to absorb the rays of W; to
“bathe” in the light of W
the sun 1 n the star that gives light
and warmth to earth; the star that earth orbits (No plural Treated as
singular Often capitalized.) 2 n.
sunlight; light and warmth that is radiated by Q (No plural Treated
as singular.)
sunbeam ["s^n bim] n a ray of
sunlight; a beam of sunlight
sunblock ["s^n blak] Go to sun-screen.
sunburn ["s^n b#n] 1 n redness
and soreness of skin that has been suit
610
Trang 6exposed too long to sunlight.
(Plural only for types and
instances.) 2 iv [for one’s skin] to
acquire Q
sundae ["s^n de] n a dessert made
with ice cream and flavored sauces
or toppings
Sunday ["s^n de] Go to day.
sung ["s^N] Past participle ofsing
sunglasses ["s^n glAs Iz] n glasses
with dark lenses that are worn to
protect the eyes from bright
sun-light (Treated as plural Number
is expressed with pair(s) of
sun-glasses.)
sunk ["s^Nk] a past tense ofsink;
past participle ofsink.
sunlight ["s^n laIt] n the light that
is given off by the sun (No
plu-ral.)
sunny ["s^n i] adj with bright
sun-shine (Comp: sunnier; sup:
sunni-est.)
sunrise ["s^n raIz] n the time of
day when the sun appears to be
moving above the horizon in the
east
sunscreen and sunblock ["s^n
skrin, "s^n blak] n lotion or
cream containing a chemical
sub-stance that helps prevent sun
dam-age to the skin (Plural only for
types and instances.)
sunset ["s^n sEt] n the time of day
when the sun appears to be
mov-ing below the horizon in the west
sunshine ["s^n SaIn] n sunlight;
light from the sun (No plural.)
super ["sup #] 1 adj excellent;
wonderful; great; marvelous;
fabu-lous 2 adj extra large.
superb [s@ "p#b] adj very good;
excellent; of the best quality (Adv:
superbly.)
superior [s@ "pIr i #] 1 n someone
who has a higher rank or position
in relationship to someone else
2 adj very good; above average;
better than something else (Adv:
superiorly.)
superiority [s@ pIr i "or I ti] n the
condition of being superior to someone or something else (No plural.)
superlative [s@ "p#l @ tIv] 1 n the
form of an adjective or adverb,
usually created with most or -est,
that indicates the highest degree of comparison of that adjective or
adverb 2 adj having the highest
quality (Adv: superlatively.)
supermarket ["su p# mar kIt] n a
large, food store that stocks several kinds of each item, allowing cus-tomers a wide choice
supervise ["su p# vaIz] tv to
direct a worker or a group of workers; to direct something; to oversee someone or something
supervision [su p# "vI Z@n] n
pay-ing attention to or watchpay-ing over [someone or something] (No plu-ral.)
supper ["s^p #] n the meal eaten
in the evening (See also dinner.)
suppertime ["s^p # taIm] n the
time when supper is eaten (No plural.)
supply [s@ "plaI] 1 tv to give
some-one something that is needed or wanted; to give something to someone who needs or wants it
2 n an amount of something that
supply
611
Trang 7is available; an allotment of
some-thing (Sometimes plural.)
→ in short supply
support [s@ "port] 1 tv to provide
someone with money, shelter,
clothing, and food 2 tv to bear
the weight of something; to keep
something vertical or in place so
that it doesn’t fall 3 tv to give
someone or something one’s
encouragement or favor; to show
someone or something approval or
favor 4 n providing someone
with money, shelter, food, and
clothing (No plural.) 5 n the
strength and structure needed to
bear the weight of someone or
something (No plural.) 6 n.
something that carries the weight
of something; a beam; a prop 7 n.
encouragement (No plural.)
→ moral support
→ apillar of support
suppose [s@ "poz] tv to consider or
imagine that something is or will
be true (The object is a clause
with that U.)
supposed to do something
expected or intended to do
some-thing; obliged or allowed to do
something
supreme [s@ "prim] 1 adj having
total authority; having total
power; having the highest rank;
being the most important (Adv:
supremely.) 2 adj of the highest
quality (Adv: supremely.)
sure ["SUr] 1 adj certain; confident
or knowing that something is the
case (Adv: surely Comp: surer;
sup: surest.) 2 adv certainly.
(Informal.) 3 adv [in response to
a yes-or-no question] yes (Infor-mal.)
surely ["SUr li] adv certainly;
with-out doubt; definitely
surf ["s#f] n waves of water hitting
the beach (No plural.)
surface ["s# f@s] 1 n the outside
of something; the outside layer of
something 2 n the top of a liq-uid 3 iv [for something
under-water] to go up to or above the W
of the water
→ scratch the surface
surge ["s#dZ] 1 n a sudden, pow-erful burst of electricity 2 n a
strong forward movement
surge in(to something) to burst or
gush into something or someplace
surge out (of something) to burst
forth or gush out of something or someplace
surge up to rush or gush upwards.
surgeon ["s# dZ@n] n a physician
who performs surgery
surgery ["s# dZ@ ri] 1 n the
sci-ence and practice of curing sick-ness and treating injury by performing an operation Q (No
plural.) 2 n using Q in treating
illness and disease
→ in surgery
surname ["s# nem] n the family
name; [in the United States] the last name (Compare this with first name.)
surplus ["s# pl@s] 1 n an amount
of something that is more than what is needed; an extra amount;
an excess 2 the adj use of Q surprise [s# "praIz] 1 n
thing that is not expected; some-thing that happens without support
612
Trang 8warning 2 n the feeling that is
caused by something unexpected
happening (No plural.) 3 tv to
cause someone to feel W by doing
something or saying something
unexpected 4 tv to attack
some-one or something without
warn-ing 5 adj unexpected; without
warning
→ come as no surprise
→ take someoneby surprise
surrender [s@ "rEn d#] 1 iv to give
up, especially when one has lost a
battle, argument, or fight; to yield
to a force that one has fought
against 2 tv to give someone or
something up to someone; to yield
someone or something to someone
else 3 n giving up as in Q (No
plural.)
surround [s@ "raUnd] tv to enclose
someone or something on all
sides; to be on all sides of someone
or something
survey 1 ["s# ve] n a set of
ques-tions used to collect people’s
opin-ions and evidence of their
attitudes 2 ["s# ve] n a
docu-ment containing Q 3 ["s# ve] n.
an examination or study of the
condition, contents, or details of
something 4 ["s# ve] n a
description or analysis of a subject
of study 5 ["s# ve] n the
meas-urement of land so that accurate
maps can be made or so that the
legal description of property
boundaries is exact 6 ["s# ve] tv.
to collect people’s opinions on an
issue; to ask people for their
opin-ions on an issue 7 [s# "ve] tv to
examine or study the condition,
contents, or details of something
8 [s# "ve] tv to measure part of
the surface of the earth—or a sim-ilar area—exactly, so that accurate maps or legal descriptions can be made
survive [s# "vaIv] 1 iv to remain
alive even after a threat to one’s
life; to live a very long life 2 tv to
endure someone or something and
remain alive or functioning 3 tv.
to outlive someone; to live longer than someone
survivor [s# "vaIv #] n someone
who remains alive; someone who did not die while others died
susceptible to something 1 easily
persuaded by something; easily
influenced by something 2 likely
to contract a sickness; likely to become sick
suspect 1 ["s^s pEkt] n someone
who is thought to have committed
a crime 2 ["s^s pEkt] adj causing
questioning or doubt (Adv:
sus-pectly.) 3 [s@ "spEkt] tv to
con-sider something to be likely or true (The object can be a clause with that U.)
suspend [s@ "spEnd] 1 tv to hang
something from something else; to cause something to hang down from something else above it
2 tv to delay something; to stop
something for a period of time
3 tv to prevent someone from
working at a job, attending classes, etc., for a period of time, as a
pun-ishment 4 tv to cause something
to float in the air or in a liquid
suspense [s@ "spEns] n an anxious,
scary, or uncertain feeling that is caused by not knowing what is going to happen next (No plural.)
suspense
613
Trang 9suspicion [s@ "spI S@n] 1 n an
uneasy feeling in which one
sus-pects something (No plural
form.) 2 n a suspicious idea, as in
Q, about someone or something
→ under a cloud (of suspicion)
sustain [s@ "sten] 1 tv to nourish
and care for living plants and
crea-tures 2 tv to keep something
moving, going, or working; to
prolong something 3 tv to suffer
an injury; to have an injury
swallow ["swal o] 1 tv to cause
food or drink to go down one’s
throat and into the stomach 2 tv.
to believe something without
question; to believe something
that one is told, even if it is a lie; to
accept something that one is told
(Figurative on Q Informal.) 3 iv.
to take [something] into the body
by way of the throat 4 n the
amount of something that can be
taken into the mouth and sent
down the throat 5 n a kind of
small songbird
→ look like the cat that swallowed
the canary
swallow someone or something up
1 to eat or gobble up someone or
something 2 to engulf or contain
someone or something
(Figura-tive.)
swallow something down to
swal-low something
swam ["swAm] past tense ofswim
swamp ["swamp] 1 n an area of
very wet, muddy ground,
some-times covered with water 2 tv to
flood something, especially a boat
swan ["swan] n a large, white bird
that lives near the water and has a
long, curving neck
swan song the last work or
perfor-mance of a playwright, musician, actor, etc., before death or retire-ment
swap ["swap] 1 iv to exchange; to trade 2 n an exchange; a trade.
swap someone or something for
someone or something to exchange something for something else; to trade something for something else; to exchange someone for someone else; to trade someone for someone else
swarm ["sworm] n a large number
of people or animals, especially bees or other insects, that move together in a densely packed group
swat ["swat] 1 tv to hit someone
or something hard 2 n a hard
hit; a sharp blow
sway ["swe] 1 iv to bend or swing
back and forth; to bend to one side and then the other; to move back
and forth 2 tv to cause someone
or something to bend or move back and forth; to bend or move someone or something back and
forth 3 tv to change someone’s
opinion or judgment; to influence someone (Figurative on W.)
swear ["swEr] 1 iv., irreg to curse;
to say bad words angrily (Past tense: swore;past participle: sworn.) 2 tv to promise or vow
something
swear at someone or something to
curse at someone or something present
swear by someone or something
1 to utter an oath on someone or something 2 to announce one’s
suspicion
614
Trang 10full faith and trust in someone or
something
swear someone in [for an officer of
the court] to cause someone to
pledge to tell the truth or perform
the duties required by law; to
cause someone to take an oath
swear someone in (as something)
to administer an oath to someone
who then becomes something
swear to do something to vow to
do something; to make a pledge to
do something
sweat ["swEt] 1 n the moisture
that comes out of the body
through pores in the skin (No
plural.) 2 n hard work; labor;
something that causes Q (No
plural.) 3 iv., irreg [for moisture]
to come out of the body through
pores in the skin (Past tense and
past participle: sweat or sweated.)
4 iv to work very hard; to labor.
→ break out in a cold sweat
→ by the sweat of one’sbrow
sweater ["swEt #] n a warm piece
of clothing worn above the waist,
usually woven or knitted from
wool or cotton
sweatpants ["swEt pAnts] n warm
pants, usually with a soft or fluffy
inside layer (Treated as plural
Number is expressed with pair(s)
of sweatpants.)
sweatshirt ["swEt S#t] n a warm,
long-sleeved shirt, usually with a
soft or fluffy inside layer
sweaty ["swEt i] 1 adj covered
with sweat (Adv: sweatily Comp:
sweatier; sup: sweatiest.) 2 adj.
causing sweat, especially because
of hot, humid weather or hard
work (Comp: sweatier; sup: sweatiest.)
sweep ["swip] 1 tv., irreg to clean
a floor by passing a broom over it;
to clean a surface by moving a broom or brush over it to push the dirt away (Past tense and past par-ticiple: swept.) 2 iv., irreg to clean
as in Q 3 n a smooth, flowing
motion, especially in a curve; a swinging movement
sweep out of someplace to move
or leave in a very noticeable or the-atrical way
sweep something off ((of ) some-thing) to clean something by
sweeping
sweep something out to clean
something out by sweeping
sweep something under the car-pet and brush something under the carpet to try to hide
some-thing unpleasant, shameful, etc., from the attention of others
sweep something up 1 to clean up
and remove something, such as
dirt, by sweeping 2 to clean up someplace by sweeping 3 to
arrange something, such as hair, into a curve or wave
sweep up to clean up by sweeping.
sweet ["swit] 1 adj tasting like
sugar; like sugar or honey (Adv:
sweetly Comp: sweeter; sup: sweet-est.) 2 adj pleasant; pleasing;
hav-ing personal charm (Adv: sweetly Comp: sweeter; sup: sweetest.)
→ have a sweet tooth
→ take the bitter with the sweet
sweet nothings affectionate but
unimportant or meaningless words spoken to a loved one
sweet nothings
615