Past tense and past participle: shined or shone.. Past tense and past participle: shined or shone.. Past tense and past participle: shot.. → end up with the short end ofthe stick → fall
Trang 1to protect it during fighting 3 tv.
to protect someone or something
from someone or something; to
keep someone or something safe
from someone or something
shift ["SIft] 1 n a change in policy,
position, opinion, or behavior
2 n a period during which a
worker completes a day at work,
such as day shift, night shift,
after-noon shift (In a workplace that
operates more than 8 hours per
day.) 3 tv to change the position
of someone or something 4 iv to
experience changes in behavior or
opinion
shift out of something to change
out of a particular mode, time,
gear, attitude, etc
shimmer ["SIm #] 1 iv to shine
with small waves of light; to shine
with reflected light that moves
slightly 2 n a gleam or glow that
seems to move back and forth
slightly
shin ["SIn] n the front of the leg
between the knee and the ankle
shine ["SaIn] 1 iv., irreg to be
bright with light; to reflect light
(Past tense and past participle:
shined or shone.) 2 iv to do very
well; to excel; to be excellent
(Fig-urative on Q.) 3 tv., irreg to
direct a beam or source of light in
a certain direction (Past tense and
past participle: shined or shone.)
4 tv to polish something; to cause
something to become shiny 5 n.
the brightness of a surface that has
been polished
→ rain or shine
→ rise and shine
shine out 1 to shine or radiate light; to shine forth 2 [for a
char-acteristic] to make itself very evi-dent
shine something up to polish
something
shine something (up)on someone
or something to cast a beam of light onto someone or something
shine through (something) 1 [for
rays of light] to penetrate
some-thing 2 [for something that was
obscured or hidden] to become visible or evident
shine up to someone to flatter
someone; to try to get into some-one’s favor
shingle ["SIN g@l] n a thin panel of
wood or another material used to cover a roof in overlapping rows
shingles n a severe, painful disease
of the nerves, causing blisters to form on the skin (Treated as sin-gular or plural, but not countable.)
shiny ["SaI ni] adj bright; polished;
reflecting a lot of light (Adv:
shinily Comp: shinier; sup: shiniest.)
ship ["SIp] 1 n a large boat that
travels on water and carries people
and cargo 2 tv to send something
from one place to another by train, truck, plane, or Q
→ desert a sinking ship
→ leave a sinking ship
→ run a taut ship
→ run a tight ship
→ shape up or ship out
shipment ["SIp m@nt] n a load of
goods or products ready to be shipped, being shipped, or just received
shift
546
Trang 2shipping ["SIp IN] 1 n the activity
or business of delivering products
by ship, train, plane, or truck (No
plural.) 2 n the cost of
transport-ing somethtransport-ing (No plural.) 3 the
adj use of Q or W.
ships that pass in the night
peo-ple who meet each other briefly by
chance and who are unlikely to
meet again
shipwreck ["SIp rEk] 1 n the
destruction of a ship caused by
running into something 2 n the
remains of a ship that has
under-gone Q 3 tv to cause someone to
be harmed or stranded owing to
Q
shirt ["S#t] n a piece of clothing
worn above the waist, worn either
next to the skin or over an
under-shirt, and sometimes worn
beneath a sweater, jacket, vest, or
coat
→ give someonethe shirt off one’s
back
shit ["SIt] 1 n dung; feces (All
senses are taboo in polite
com-pany Use only with caution.) 2 n.
something poor in quality; junk
3 n nonsense; bullshit 4 exclam.
a general expression of disgust
(Usually Shit!Potentially
offen-sive Use only with caution.)
shiver ["SIv #] 1 iv [for a living
creature] to shake a little bit,
espe-cially because of cold, sickness, or
fear 2 n a slight shaking
move-ment, especially because of cold,
sickness, or fear
shock ["Sak] 1 n a sudden
sur-prise, especially one that is violent
or disturbing 2 n a weakened
condition of the body caused by a
violent or disturbing event (No
plural.) 3 n a strong, violent
force, especially that caused by an
earthquake or bomb 4 n the
passing of electricity through
someone’s body 5 tv to surprise
someone, especially in a
disturb-ing or violent way 6 tv to offend
someone; to disgust someone
7 tv to give someone or some
creature electricity as in R
→ get the shock of one’slife
shocking ["Sak IN] adj causing
sur-prise, especially in a disturbing or violent way; offensive; causing
dis-gust (Adv: shockingly.)
shoddy ["Sad i] adj done carelessly;
poorly made or done (Adv: shod-dily Comp: shoddier; sup: shoddi-est.)
shoe ["Su] n an outer covering for
one’s foot, usually having a firm base, but less sturdy than a boot
→ (as) comfortable as an old shoe
→ fill someone’sshoes
shoelace ["SU les] n a fabric band
or string that is put through the holes on top of a shoe or boot and tied
shoestring ["Su strIN] n a cord or
string used in tightening the shoe
to the foot
→ get along (on a shoestring)
→ on a shoestring
shone ["Son] a past tense and past
participle ofshine.
shook ["SUk] past tense ofshake.
shoot ["Sut] 1 tv., irreg to fire a
gun or similar weapon (Past tense and past participle: shot.) 2 tv.,
irreg [for a weapon] to send
something, such as a bullet or
arrow, with great force 3 tv.,
shoot
547
Trang 3irreg to send something forward
as though from a weapon; to
thrust something forward
(Figu-rative on W.) 4 tv., irreg to strike
someone or some creature with
something, such as a bullet or an
arrow, that has been sent from a
weapon 5 iv., irreg to discharge
[a weapon] 6 iv., irreg to move
somewhere very quickly 7 iv.,
irreg to fire guns as a hobby, as for
target practice 8 n a new bud or
stem that sprouts from the ground
or from an older part of a plant; a
bit of new plant growth
shoot for something to try to do
something; to attempt to do
some-thing; to aim toward a goal
shoot from the hip to speak
directly and frankly
shoot up to grow rapidly.
shooting ["Sut IN] 1 n the sport or
skill of hitting targets by firing a
gun at them (No plural.) 2 n an
act of murder, attempted murder,
or other harm using a gun
→ whole shooting match
shop ["Sap] 1 n a small store,
especially one where a single class
of products is sold 2 n a place
where things are built or repaired
3 iv to go to a store to buy things.
4 tv to visit a particular store,
mall, or area in order to buy
things
→ abull in a china shop
→ talk shop
shopkeeper ["Sap kip #] n
some-one who owns or manages a shop
shoplift ["Sap lIft] 1 tv to steal
merchandise from a shop or store
2 iv to steal [something] as in Q.
shoplifter ["Sap lIft #] n someone
who steals merchandise from a shop or store
shopping ["Sap IN] n buying
things; searching for the right thing to purchase (No plural.)
shopworn ["Sap worn] adj ruined
or damaged from being on display
in a store
shore ["Sor] n the land along the
edge of a body of water
shore something up to support
something that is weak; to prop something up
shoreline ["Sor laIn] n the land
along the edge of a body of water, especially of an ocean, lake, or sea; the line where the land meets the water
shorn ["Sorn] a past participle of
shear.
short ["Sort] 1 adj not tall; less
than average height from top to
bottom (Comp: shorter; sup: shortest.) 2 adj not long; less than
average length from side to side
(Comp: shorter; sup: shortest.)
3 adj not long in time; less than
average duration; happening only for a small amount of time; brief
(Comp: shorter; sup: shortest.)
4 adj not having enough of
something; lacking enough of
something (Comp: shorter; sup: shortest.) 5 adv not close enough; not far enough; not enough 6 n a
flaw in an electrical circuit that allows electricity to go where it should not go (Short for short cir-cuit.)
→ caught short
→ cut someone or something(off) short
shoot for something
548
Trang 4→ end up with the short end of
the stick
→ fall short (of something)
→ get the short end of the stick
→ in short order
→ in short supply
→ make a long story short
→ make short work of someone or
something
→ nothing short of something
→ over the short haul
→ sell someone or somethingshort
→ stop (just) short (of something)
short circuit ["Sort "s# k@t] 1 n a
fault in an electrical circuit where
the circuit is completed before the
electricity has traveled the entire
path that it was meant to travel
(Can be shortened to short.) 2 tv
to cause Q (Hyphenated.) 3 iv.
for an electrical circuit to be
com-pleted before the electricity has
traveled the entire path that it was
meant to travel (Hyphenated.)
short for something a shortened
form [of a word or phrase]
short out [for an electrical circuit]
to go out because of a short
cir-cuit
shortage ["Sor tIdZ] 1 n a lack; a
state of not having enough of
something 2 n the amount by
which something is short R; the
amount of something that is
needed in order to have enough
shortchange ["Sort "tSendZ] tv to
give less than is due someone; to
give someone less change E than
is due
shortcoming ["Sort k@m IN] n a
fault; a flaw; a defect
shortcut ["Sort k@t] n a path that is
shorter, more direct, or quicker to
travel than a different or more established route
shorten ["Sort n] 1 iv to become shorter 2 tv to cause something
to become shorter
shortening ["Sort nIN] 1 n causing
something to become shorter (No plural.) 2 n butter or some other kind of oily substance, used in fry-ing and bakfry-ing foods (Plural only for types and instances.)
short-lived ["Sort "lIvd] adj not
lasting very long
shorts 1 n a pair of pants whose
legs end about at the knees (Treated as plural Number is
expressed with pair(s) of shorts.
Also countable.) 2 n underpants for men and boys (Treated as plu-ral Number is expressed with
pair(s) of shorts Also countable.)
shortsighted ["Sort "saIt Id] 1 adj.
not able to see things clearly in the distance; able to see things that are near but not able to see things that
are far away (Adv: shortsightedly.)
2 adj acting without considering
what will happen in the future
(Figurative on Q Adv: shortsight-edly.)
short-staffed ["Sort "stAft] adj.
not having enough people to do a job properly; not having enough employees to run a business prop-erly; needing more people in order
to do a job properly
short-tempered ["Sort "tEm p#d]
adj easily made angry.
short-term ["Sort "t#m] adj only
for a short period of time; not per-manent; temporary
short-term
549
Trang 5shot ["Sat] 1 past tense and past
participle ofshoot 2 n the firing
of a weapon; the shooting of a gun
or other weapon 3 n someone
who shoots in a particular way,
such as good or bad 4 n an
injec-tion of medicine, a vaccine, or a
drug 5 n in a game, a ball or
similar object that is aimed and
sent toward a goal in order to
score a point 6 n a photograph
or a length of film or video
→ give somethinga shot
→ take a shot at something
a shot in the arm a boost;
some-thing that gives someone energy
shotgun wedding a forced
wed-ding
should be something ["SUd ] aux.
ought to be somehow (Indicating
that something is expected.)
should do something ["SUd ] aux.
ought to do something (Indicating
that something must be done.)
should have stood in bed should
have stayed in bed (Has nothing
to do with standing up.)
shoulder ["Sol d#] 1 n one of two
parts of the body where an arm
connects with the top of the chest
below the neck 2 n the dirt or
pavement along the side of a road
3 tv to have responsibility for
something; to take responsibility
for something
→ carry the weight of the world
on one’sshoulders
→ have a chip on one’sshoulder
→ have a good head on one’s
shoulders
→ head and shoulders above
someone or something
→ on someone’sshoulders
→ put one’sshoulder to the wheel
→ rub shoulders with someone
shoulder to shoulder side by side;
with a shared purpose
shouldn’t ["SUd nt] cont should
not
should’ve ["SUd @v] cont should
have, where haveis an auxiliary
shout ["SaUt] 1 iv to speak, laugh,
or make spoken noises loudly
2 tv to speak something loudly;
to say something by shouting (The object can be a clause with that U.) 3 n a loud utterance; a loud cry
→ all over but the shouting
shout someone down to stop
someone from speaking by shout-ing, yellshout-ing, or jeering
shove ["S^v] 1 iv to push with force 2 tv to push someone or
something with force in some
direction 3 n a push made with
force
shove off (for something) 1 to
begin a journey to something or someplace by pushing a boat or
ship out onto the water 2 to
depart for something or some-place, using any form of trans-portation
shove one’s way somewhere to
make a path through a crowd by pushing
shovel ["S^v @l] 1 n a
tool—hav-ing a wide, flat blade attached to a handle—used to lift, move, or remove earth or loose objects
2 iv to work by using Q; to move,
lift, or remove [something] by
using Q 3 tv to move, lift, or
remove something by using Q
4 tv to clear something with Q.
shot
550
Trang 6show ["So] 1 tv., irreg to cause
someone to see something; to put
something in someone’s sight
(Past tense: showed; past
partici-ple: shownor showed.) 2 tv., irreg.
to reveal something; to let
some-thing be known (The object can
be a clause with that U.) 3 tv.,
irreg to lead someone; to guide
someone to a place 4 tv., irreg to
prove something; to make
some-thing clear (The object can be a
clause with that U.) 5 tv., irreg
to display or deliver a kind of
treatment, such as sympathy, to
someone 6 tv., irreg to reveal a
condition or illness 7 tv., irreg.
[for a movie theater] to present a
movie 8 iv., irreg [for a
condi-tion] to appear or be visible; to be
noticeable 9 iv., irreg [for a play
or a film] to be presented or
dis-played 10 n a movie, television
program, or theater performance
11 n a grand spectacle; a
notice-able display 12 n something that
is put on display for the public
13 n a display of something, such
as raised hands, regard, praise, etc
→ by a show of hands
→ let one’semotions show
→ make a great show of something
→ not show one’sface
→ steal the show
→ talk show
show off (to someone) to attempt
to get attention from someone by
one’s actions and speech
show one to one’s seat Go to show
someoneto a seat.
show one’s hand to reveal one’s
intentions to someone (From card
games.)
show one’s (true) colors to show
what one is really like or what one
is really thinking
show someone around (some-thing) to give someone a brief
tour of something or someplace;
to lead someone in an examina-tion of something or someplace
show someone or something off (to someone) to show someone or
something to someone proudly
show someone out (of something)
to usher, lead, or escort someone out of something or someplace
show someone the ropes to tell or
show someone how something is
to be done
show someone through (some-thing) to give someone a tour of
something or someplace
show someone to a seat and show one to one’s seat to lead or
direct someone to a place to sit
show something off to put
some-one or something on display
shower ["SaU #] 1 n a device [part
of the plumbing] that sprays water onto someone who is bathing
2 n a bath using Q 3 n the
place or compartment where one
bathes 4 n a brief fall of rain,
snow, or other liquids in drops
5 n a party for a woman who is
about to get married or have a
baby 6 iv to rain; to fall like rain.
7 iv to wash under Q.
→ send someoneto the showers
showing ["So IN] 1 n a display of something 2 n a display of one’s
success or lack of success
shown ["Son] a past participle of
show.
shown
551
Trang 7showroom ["So rum] n a room
where products that are available
for purchase are displayed
showy ["So i] adj very noticeable;
designed to get attention (Adv:
showily Comp: showier; sup:
showiest.)
shrank ["SrANk] past tense of
shrink.
shred ["SrEd] 1 n a very small
piece of something; a scrap of
something; a fragment 2 tv to
rip or cut something into scraps or
small pieces; to make something
into bits by rubbing against a
rough or sharp surface
shredded ["SrEd @d] adj ripped or
cut into shreds; made into shreds
by rubbing against a rough or
sharp object
shrewd ["Srud] adj clever and
intelligent; showing good
judg-ment and common sense (Adv:
shrewdly Comp: shrewder; sup:
shrewdest.)
shrewdness ["Srud n@s] n the
quality of being shrewd (No
plu-ral.)
shriek ["Srik] n a loud, shrill,
high-pitched scream or sound
shrill ["SrIl] adj high-pitched and
irritating; annoying or loud to the
point of causing pain (Adv:
shrilly Comp: shriller; sup:
shrillest.)
shrimp ["SrImp] 1 n., irreg a
shell-fish, about the size and shape of a
finger, with a thin body,
com-monly eaten as food (Plural:
shrimp or shrimps.) 2 the adj use
of Q
shrink ["SrINk] 1 iv., irreg to
become smaller in size (Past tense: shrank;past participle: shrunkor shrunken Shrunkis usually used with auxiliary verbs, and shrunkenis usually used as an
adjective.) 2 tv., irreg to cause
someone or something to become smaller in size
shrink up to shrivel; to recede.
shrivel ["SrIv @l] 1 iv to become
wrinkled while drying up; to
wither 2 tv to cause someone or
something to wither
shrivel up to contract; to shrink.
shrub ["Sr^b] n a plant similar to a
very small tree that has many stems coming from the ground; a bush
shrubbery ["Sr^b (@) ri] n a group
of shrubs; shrubs in general (No plural.)
shrug ["Sr^g] 1 n the lifting of
one’s shoulders to indicate doubt
or a lack of caring or interest 2 tv.
to lift one’s shoulders as in Q
3 iv to gesture with Q.
shrug something off to ignore
something; to dismiss something
shrunk ["Sr^Nk] a past tense and
past participle ofshrink.
shrunken ["Sr^N k@n] a past
par-ticiple ofshrink.
shudder ["S^d #] 1 iv to shake with fear, cold, or disgust 2 n a
brief, uncontrolled shaking of the body because of fear or disgust
shuffle ["S^f @l] 1 iv to walk
with-out picking up one’s feet; to walk
in a way that one’s feet never leave
the ground 2 iv to mix up
[play-showroom
552
Trang 8ing cards so that they are] in a
dif-ferent order 3 tv to move one’s
feet without picking them up from
the ground 4 tv to mix up
play-ing cards so that they are not in
any specific order
shun ["S^n] tv to avoid someone or
something; to stay away from
someone or something
shut ["S^t] 1 tv., irreg to close
something, such as a door,
win-dow, or drawer (Past tense and
past participle: shut.) 2 tv., irreg.
to close something, such as a door,
an eye, or the mouth 3 iv., irreg
to become closed 4 adj closed;
moved into a closed position (Not
prenominal.)
→ anopen-and-shut case
shut off to stop operating; to turn
off
shut someone or something down
to close a business permanently; to
force someone who runs a
busi-ness to close permanently
shut someone up to cause someone
to stop talking or making noise
shut something down to turn
something off
shut up to be quiet (Slang Rude.)
shutdown ["S^t daUn] n an
instance of closing a factory or
other place of industry, business,
or government for a period of
time
shut-in ["S^t In] n someone who is
not able or not allowed to go
out-side because of sickness
shutter ["S^t #] 1 n one of a pair
of doors or panels that can be
closed over the outside of a
win-dow 2 n a device in a camera
that opens and shuts quickly behind the lens in order to allow the proper amount of light when someone takes a picture
shuttle ["S^t @l] n a bus or an
air-plane making regular trips back and forth between two places
shuttle between places to travel
back and forth between two places
shuttle someone or something from person to person and shut-tle someone or something from
place to place to move or pass someone or something from per-son to perper-son; to move or pass someone or something from place
to place
shuttle someone or something from place to place Go to shuttle
someone or somethingfrom person to per-son
shy ["SaI] 1 adj nervous around
other people; not likely to talk around other people; timid;
reserved (Adv: shyly Comp: shier,
shyer; sup: shiest, shyest.) 2 adj.
not quite reaching a stated amount; almost having enough of something, but not quite (Not
prenominal Comp: shier, shyer; sup: shiest, shyest.)
shy away from someone or
some-thing to draw away from someone
or something that is frightening or startling; to avoid dealing with someone or something
shyness ["SaI n@s] n the quality of
being shy; the quality of being timid or nervous around other people (No plural.)
shyness
553
Trang 9sibling ["sIb lIN] n a brother or
sis-ter
sick ["sIk] 1 adj not healthy; ill;
having a disease (Comp: sicker;
sup: sickest.) 2 adj having an
upset stomach and feeling like one
has to vomit (Comp: sicker; sup:
sickest.)
→ (as) sick as a dog
sick (and tired) of someone or
something weary of and disgusted
with someone or something,
espe-cially something that one must do
again and again or someone or
something that one must deal with
repeatedly
sicken ["sIk @n] 1 tv to cause
someone or some creature to
become sick 2 tv to disgust
someone 3 iv to become sick; to
become ill 4 iv to become
dis-gusted [with something]
sickening ["sIk (@) nIN] adj causing
disgust; disgusting; nauseating
(Adv: sickeningly.)
sickness ["sIk n@s] n the condition
of being sick; illness; disease
side ["saId] 1 n one of the flat
sur-faces of an object shaped like a
box, not including the top or the
bottom 2 n any of the flat
sur-faces of a three-dimensional
object 3 n either surface of
something that is thin and flat
4 n a particular surface of
some-thing 5 n the shore along either
edge of a river 6 n a position or
area that is to the right, left, or a
certain direction from a central or
reference point 7 n the entire left
or right part of a body 8 n a
group of people that opposes
another group, including sports
teams, countries at war, or groups involved with political or social
causes 9 adj [of a location] at,
toward, or beside something
→ be a thorn in someone’sside
→ be on the safe side
→ choose up sides
→ come over (to our side)
→ from side to side
→ get out of the wrong side of the bed
→ get up on the wrong side of the bed
→ know which side one’sbread is buttered on
→ laugh out of the other side of one’smouth
→ theother side of the tracks
→ theseamy side of life
side street ["saId strit] n a
resi-dential street that is not a main street
sideline ["saId laIn] 1 n an
activ-ity done in addition to one’s
pri-mary interest or work 2 tv to
prevent a player from playing in a sporting event
sidelines n the line along the side
of something, especially the line at the boundary of the playing area
of a sport (Treated as plural.)
sidestep ["saId stEp] 1 tv to avoid
injury or a crash by stepping to the
side 2 tv to avoid or evade
some-thing (Figurative on Q.)
sideswipe ["saId swaIp] tv to hit
something along its side; to hit something with one’s side
sidetrack ["saId trAk] 1 tv to
move a train from a main track to
a minor one that runs parallel to
the main track 2 tv to cause
someone to change from the main topic of conversation (Figurative
on Q.) 3 tv to cause the subject
sibling
554
Trang 10of a conversation or speech to shift
away from the original subject
→ get sidetracked
sidewalk ["saId wOk] n a paved
path, usually along the side of a
street, for people to walk on
sideways ["saId wez] 1 adj to or
from a side 2 adv to, on, or from
a side or both sides; positioned
with the side or edge toward the
front
siege ["sidZ] n the surrounding of
a city, fort, or other place by
peo-ple who are trying to capture it; an
attack
sift ["sIft] tv to separate small
pieces from larger pieces by
shak-ing the smaller ones through a tool
containing a screen
sift something out (of something)
to get rid of something in
some-thing else by sifting
sift through something to look
among a group of things closely
sigh ["saI] 1 iv to breathe out
slowly and noisily, especially to
indicate that one is bored, relieved,
sad, or tired 2 n the sound of
breathing out as in Q
sight ["saIt] 1 n the ability to see;
the power to see; vision (No
plu-ral.) 2 n something that is seen;
something in one’s range of vision;
a view 3 n something that is
worth seeing (Often plural.) 4 n.
something that looks funny or
strange (No plural.) 5 tv to see
someone or something for the first
time, especially when one is
look-ing for that person or thlook-ing
→ buy somethingsight unseen
→ have one’ssights trained on
something
→ in sight
→ know someoneby sight
→ love at first sight
→ lower one’ssights
→ raise one’ssights
→ set one’ssights on something
→ train one’ssights on something
sighted ["saIt Id] adj [of someone]
able to see; [of someone] not blind
sightless ["saIt l@s] adj unable to
see; without sight; blind (Adv:
sightlessly.)
sightseeing ["saIt si IN] n visiting
famous or interesting places, espe-cially when one is on vacation (No plural.)
sign ["saIn] 1 n a mark that
repre-sents something; a mark that
indi-cates something 2 n something that indicates something else 3 n.
a flat object that has information printed on it, placed where
every-one can see it 4 n a gesture used
to communicate 5 tv to write one’s name [somewhere] 6 tv to
mark or write on something with
one’s name 7 tv to communicate
something by using sign language
sign in to indicate that one has
arrived somewhere and at what time by signing a piece of paper or
a list
sign language ["saIn lAN gwIdZ] n.
a visual form of communication where the hands assume specific positions that represent words or letters in a language (No plural.)
sign off 1 [for a broadcaster] to
announce the end of program-ming for the day; [for an amateur radio operator] to announce the
end of a transmission 2 to quit
sign off
555