to cause something to become less tight, less stiff, less firm, or less tense.. calming; soothing; restful; making one feel less tense, tight, stiff, or firm.. relocate to someplace [ri
Trang 1[for light] to bounce off
some-thing
reflect on something to think
deeply or carefully; to ponder; to
examine one’s thoughts
reflection [rI "flEk S@n] 1 n a
reflected glare; reflected light
2 n something, especially an
image, that is reflected
reflexive (pronoun) [rI "flEks
Iv ] n a form used as an object
of a verb or preposition that is
identical to the subject (Reflexive
pronouns are myself, ourselves,
yourself, yourselves, herself,
him-self, ithim-self, themselves, oneself.)
reflexive (verb) [rI "flEks Iv ] n.
a verb or verb construction that
uses a reflexive pronoun (Some
verbs must have a reflexive object;
others can have a reflexive object.)
reform [ri "form] 1 tv to change
someone or something for the
bet-ter; to make someone or
some-thing better; to improve someone
or something 2 iv to improve; to
become better; to change for the
better 3 n a planned
improve-ment; a change that gets rid of past
flaws or errors
reformer [ri "for m#] n someone
who reforms and improves people
or things
refrain from something to hold
back from doing something; to
choose not to do something as
planned
refresh [rI "frES] 1 tv to make
someone feel better or fresher
2 tv to bring something into
memory; to restore something to
someone’s memory
refreshed [rI "frESt] adj made to
feel fresh again; made to feel better because of food, drink, sleep, etc
refreshing [rI "frES IN] adj new and
exciting; giving the feeling of
being fresh (Adv: refreshingly.)
refreshments [rI "frES m@nts] n.
food or drink that satisfies one’s thirst or hunger
refrigerate [rI "frIdZ @ ret] tv to
put something in a refrigerator; to keep something cold
refrigerator [rI "frIdZ @ ret #] n an
appliance into which food is placed to keep it cold
refund 1 ["ri f@nd] n the money
that is given back when someone
returns a product to a store 2 [rI
"f^nd] tv to give someone money back when a product is returned
refuse 1 [rI "fjuz] tv not to accept
something; to reject something
2 [rI "fjuz] tv to deny someone
something; not to allow someone
to have something 3 ["rEf jus] n.
garbage; trash; things that are thrown away (No plural.)
refuse (to do something) [rI
"fjuz ] to decline to do some-thing
regain something from someone or
something to take back possession
of one’s property or right from someone or something
regard [rI "gard] 1 tv to think of
someone or something in a certain
way 2 n respect; esteem (No
plural.)
→ hold someonein high regard
→ with regard to someone or something
reflect on something
486
Trang 2regardless of something without
considering something; at any
rate; whatever is done; whatever
option is chosen
region ["ri dZ@n] 1 n an area of
land that has a common social,
cultural, economic, political, or
natural feature throughout it;
sometimes a political division of a
country 2 n a part; an area that
has a common feature throughout
it
regional ["ridZ @ n@l] adj of or
about a region (Adv: regionally.)
register ["rEdZ I st#] 1 n a
machine in a store that cashiers
use to keep track of money taken
in or paid out (Short for cash
reg-ister.) 2 n the book that a list or
record of something is kept in
3 tv to show something such as a
feeling or an attitude; to express
something 4 iv to put one’s name
and perhaps other information on
an official list
registered ["rEdZ I st#d] adj listed
as in register R; approved by the
government; enrolled
registration [rEdZ I "stre S@n] 1 n.
the process of registering; the
con-dition of being registered (No
plural.) 2 n the time when people
choose and reserve classes at a
school, college, or university (No
plural.)
regret [rI "grEt] 1 n sorrow; the
feeling of being sad or sorry about
something that one has done (No
plural.) 2 n something that one is
sorry about; something that causes
sorrow 3 tv to feel sad or sorry
about having or not having done
something; to feel Q about having
or not having done something (The object can be a clause with that U.)
regretful [rI "grEt fUl] adj full of
regret; feeling sad or sorry about
something (Adv: regretfully.)
regular ["rEg j@ l#] 1 adj usual;
typical; normal (Adv: regularly.)
2 adj not changing; even in size,
shape, or speed; uniform (Adv:
regularly.) 3 adj [in grammar]
following the usual pattern, espe-cially concerning verb forms
(Adv: regularly.)
→ (as) regular as clockwork
→ at regular intervals
regularity [rEg j@ "lEr @ ti] n the
quality of being regular (Plural only for types and instances.)
regulate ["rEg j@ let] 1 tv to
con-trol someone or something by a rule or system; to limit someone or something by a rule or system
2 tv to fix or adjust something so
that it will work at a certain level
or standard
regulation [rEg j@ "le S@n] 1 n the
control or order caused by rules, laws, principles, or systems (Plural only for types and instances.) 2 adj according to a rule, law, system, or standard; suit-able according to a rule, law, sys-tem, or standard; standard
rehearsal [rI "h#s @l] 1 n a
prac-tice performance of a play, opera, concert, etc., devoted to perfecting the performance for an audience
2 the adj use of Q.
rehearse [rI "h#s] 1 tv to practice
a part in a play, concert, dance, or performance before performing it for the public; [for performers] to
rehearse
487
Trang 3practice performing 2 tv to
cause a group of performers to
practice; to cause performers to
practice something that is to be
performed 3 iv to practice [a
role, play, piece of music, etc.]
reign ["ren] 1 iv to rule, especially
as king, queen, emperor, or
empress 2 iv to be the current
winner of a contest or holder of a
title 3 n the period of the rule of
a king, queen, emperor, empress,
as in Q
rein ["ren] n one of a pair of long
straps attached to either side of the
bridle of a horse, mule, donkey,
etc (Used to control the direction
of movement of the animal.)
→ keep a close rein on someone or
something
→ keep a tight rein on someone or
something
reinforce [ri In "fors] tv to make
something stronger, more able to
resist wear, or longer lasting by
adding something to it
reject 1 [rI "dZEkt] tv to refuse to
take or accept someone or
some-thing 2 ["ri dZEkt] n someone or
something that has been refused
as in Q
rejection [ri "dZEk S@n] n refusal
to accept someone or something
(No plural.)
rejoice [ri "dZoIs] iv to be very
happy [about something]; to
cele-brate [something] joyfully
rejoicing [ri "dZoIs IN] n great joy
or happiness expressed by one or
more people (No plural.)
relate [rI "let] tv to tell a story; to
tell what was heard (The object
can be a clause with that U.)
relate to someone to feel a bond of
some type with someone because
of shared experiences
related [rI "let Id] 1 adj con-nected (Adv: relatedly.) 2 adj.
part of the same family; in the same family
related to someone connected to
someone as a relative
related to something linked or
connected to something
relation [rI "le S@n] 1 n someone
who is a member of one’s family; a
relative 2 n a connection
between two or more things; rela-tionship
relationship [rI "le S@n SIp] 1 n a
personal, romantic, business, or social connection between two people 2 n a connection between two or more things
relative ["rEl @ tIv] 1 n someone
who is a member of one’s family
2 adj compared to something
else; having meaning only as com-pared with something else (Adv:
relatively.)
relative clause ["rEl @ tIv "klOz] n.
a clause that refers or is compared
to someone or something (Also
called a subordinate clause.)
relax [rI "lAks] 1 iv to become less
tight, less stiff, less firm, less tense,
or more loose 2 iv to become less
worried, less busy with work, or less active; to rest, be calm, or slow down 3 tv to cause something to become less tight, less stiff, less
firm, or less tense 4 tv to cause
something to become less strict,
less harsh, or less severe 5 tv to
cause someone to become less reign
488
Trang 4worried, less busy with work, or
less active; to cause someone to
rest, be calm, or slow down
relaxation [rI lAk "se S@n] 1 n.
rest, especially after work or busy
activity (No plural.) 2 n the
less-ening of tightness, stiffness,
tense-ness, or firmness; the release of
tension from something tight,
stiff, tense, or firm (No plural.)
3 n making something less
severe; the easing of strict rules
(No plural.)
relaxing [rI "lAk sIN] adj calming;
soothing; restful; making one feel
less tense, tight, stiff, or firm
(Adv: relaxingly.)
relay [rI "le] tv to receive
some-thing and give it to someone else;
to receive something and transfer
it to something else or move it
fur-ther along in a process
release [rI "lis] 1 tv to let someone
or something free; to let someone
or something go; to let someone or
something loose 2 tv to make a
book, a movie, information, or a
publication available to the public
3 n an act of letting someone or
something go; an act of setting
someone or something free
relevant ["rEl @ v@nt] adj
con-nected to something; of or about
the subject being discussed (Adv:
relevantly.)
reliance on someone or something
trust in and dependence on
some-one or something
relief [rI "lif] 1 n the feeling that is
felt when pain, a burden, a strain,
or a problem is eased (No plural.)
2 n something that eases pain, a
burden, a strain, or a problem
(No plural.) 3 n money, clothing,
food, or other aid that is made available to help poor people or to help people who are victims of a disaster (No plural.)
relieve [rI "liv] 1 tv to ease or get
rid of pain, anxiety, or strain
2 tv to begin working at a job as a
replacement so that the person who was working can have some time to relax
relieve someone (of something) to
remove fear or anxiety from some-one
relieve someone or some creature
of something to ease someone’s or
some creature’s burden by remov-ing somethremov-ing
religion [rI "lIdZ @n] n belief in or
worship of one or more gods or spirits (Plural only for types and instances.)
→ Christian religion
religious [rI "lIdZ @s] 1 the adj.
form ofreligion (Adv: religiously.)
2 adj believing in or worshiping
one or more gods or spirits (Adv:
religiously.)
religious about doing something
strict about doing something; con-scientious about doing something
relish ["rEl IS] 1 tv to enjoy some-thing very much 2 n a mixture
of chopped pickled cucumbers or other pickled vegetables (No plu-ral form.)
→ with relish
relocate someone or something (to someplace) [ri "lo ket ] to move
someone or something to a differ-ent place
relocate someone or something (to someplace)
489
Trang 5relocate (to someplace) [ri "lo
ket ] to move to a different
place; to move to a different house
or to transfer to a different job
site, especially in a different city
reluctant to do something not
wanting to do something;
unwill-ing to do somethunwill-ing
rely (up)on someone or something
[rI "laI ] to depend on someone
or something; to trust that
some-one will do something; to trust
that something will happen
remain [rI "men] 1 iv to stay in
someplace; to continue to be in a
certain place; to be left over after
other parts or things are taken
2 iv to continue to be something
or act in a particular manner
remain up to stay awake and out of
bed
remain within (something) to stay
inside something or someplace
remainder [rI "men d#] 1 n the
part of something that is left over
after part of it is taken 2 n the
number that is left over after a
number is divided into another
one
remaining [rI "men IN] adj yet to
happen; yet to occur; not yet done
or taken care of; not yet taken
away; not yet happening; not yet
occurring
remains 1 n things that are left
behind (Treated as plural, but not
countable.) 2 n a corpse; a dead
body (Treated as plural.)
remark [rI "mark] 1 n a comment;
a statement; something that is said
or written about something 2 tv.
to say something; to comment
about something; to state an opin-ion (The object can be a clause with that U.)
remark (up)on someone or
some-thing to comment on someone or something
remarkable [rI "mark @ b@l] adj.
worth mentioning; worth talking about; noticeable; unusual (Adv:
remarkably.)
remedy ["rEm @ di] 1 n a
treat-ment; a cure; something that makes someone become healthy again 2 n making bad conditions good or better; the correction of a
problem (Figurative on Q.) 3 tv.
to make bad conditions good or better; to correct a problem; to fix something that is wrong or bad
remember [rI "mEm b#] 1 tv to
bring back the thought of some-one or something into some-one’s mind, memory, or imagination; to think about someone or something again (The object can be a clause with that U.) 2 tv not to forget someone or something; to keep someone or something in one’s mind (The object can be a clause with that U.) 3 iv to bring [someone or something] back into one’s mind, memory, or imagina-tion
remind [rI "maInd] tv to tell
some-one about something again; to cause someone to remember someone or something
reminder [rI "maIn d#] n
some-thing that reminds someone about something
reminiscent of someone or
some-thing reminding someone about relocate (to someplace)
490
Trang 6someone or something; seeming
like or suggesting someone or
something
remodel [rI "mad l] tv to decorate
something in a new way; to
con-struct something in a new way; to
change a structure or room so that
it looks more modern
remote [rI "mot] 1 adj far away in
space or time; far off; not near;
distant; isolated; secluded; not
near other things or places (Adv:
remotely Comp: remoter; sup:
remotest.) 2 adj [of a possibility]
very small (Figurative on Q Adv:
remotely Comp: remoter; sup:
remotest.) 3 n an electronic
device used to control audio and
video equipment (Short for
remote control.)
remote control [rI "mot k@n "trol]
n a device that is held in the hand
and used to operate a machine or
appliance from a distance (Can be
shortened to remote.)
remove [rI "muv] 1 tv to take
something away from a place; to
get rid of something 2 tv to take
off something, especially a piece
of clothing
rend something from someone or
something to tear something from
someone or something
renew [rI "nu] 1 tv to cause
some-one or something to become like
new again; to restore someone or
something 2 tv to cause
some-thing that was no longer valid or
effective to become useful again;
to cause something to be valid for
a longer period of time
renounce [rI "naUns] tv to give up
something; to state formally that one is giving up something, espe-cially a claim or a right
renovate ["rEn @ vet] tv to fix up
something so that it is in good condition; to restore something to
a good condition; to repair a structure
rent ["rEnt] 1 n the money paid for
the use of something, especially for the use of a place to live (No plural.) 2 iv to live in an apart-ment that one does not own, but for which one pays Q to the owner
rent something (from someone) to
get the right to use something (from someone) by paying rent
rent something (out) (to someone)
to provide something that other people pay money to use
rental ["rEn t@l] 1 adj [of an
apart-ment, office space, equipapart-ment, or other thing] rented or available to
be rented 2 n the amount of money that is paid as rent for something (No plural.)
rented ["rEn t@d] adj occupied or
used for a fee, rather than owned
reorganization [ri or g@ n@ "ze S@n]
n reorganizing something;
orga-nizing something in a different way, especially so that it works or operates better; the condition of having been reorganized
reorganize [ri "or g@ naIz] 1 tv to
organize something in a different way, especially so that it works or operates better 2 tv to reform a business, especially after it has gone bankrupt
reorganize
491
Trang 7repaid [ri "ped] past tense and past
participle ofrepay.
repair [rI "pEr] 1 tv to fix
some-thing; to mend somesome-thing; to
cause something to work again
2 n work that will fix or restore
something (Singular or plural
with the same meaning.)
repairable [rI "per @ b@l] adj able
to be repaired; able to be fixed
(Adv: repairably.)
repay [rI "pe] tv., irreg to pay
someone back for something; to
pay someone for an amount that is
owed (Past tense and past
partici-ple: repaid.)
repayment [rI "pe m@nt] n paying
back something to someone (No
plural.)
repeat [rI "pit] 1 tv to do or say
something again 2 tv to say
something that someone else has
just said to find out if has been
correctly understood 3 tv to say
something that one has learned
repeated [rI "pit Id] adj previously
done or said and being done or
said again; done or said more than
one time (Adv: repeatedly.)
repetition [rEp I "tI S@n] n
repeat-ing somethrepeat-ing (Plural only for
types and instances.)
replace [rI "ples] 1 tv to take the
place of someone or something
else 2 tv to exchange something
for another thing that is more
use-ful or newer 3 tv to return
some-thing to the place where it belongs;
to put something back where it
belongs
replacement [rI "ples m@nt] 1 n.
replacing someone or something
(No plural.) 2 n someone or
something that takes the place of
someone or something else 3 adj.
used to replace someone or some-thing else
replay 1 ["ri ple] n something that
is played again; an event that is done over; a film clip that is played over, often in slow motion so one can see fast action better 2 ["ri
"ple] tv to play something again, especially a game or a piece of film
reply [rI "plaI] 1 iv to answer 2 tv.
to say or write something as an answer (The object is a clause with that U.) 3 n an answer; something that is said or written when answering a question
report [rI "port] 1 n an account
that gives information about
something 2 n the noise made when a shot is fired 3 tv to
describe news; to provide news (The object can be a clause with that U.)
report back (on someone or some-thing) to return with information
or an explanation about someone
or something
report back (to someone or some-thing) 1 to go back to someone or
something and present oneself
2 to present information or an
explanation to someone or some-thing
report for something to present
oneself for something
report someone or something to
someone or something to tell of someone’s errors or something repaid
492
Trang 8that someone did wrong to
some-one or something
report to someone or someplace to
go to someplace; to present oneself
to someone at someplace
reporter [rI "por t#] n someone
who provides a newspaper,
maga-zine, radio station, or television
station with news; someone who
reports news or information
repossess [ri p@ "zEs] tv [for a
company] to take back something
purchased on credit when the
pur-chaser fails to make payments on
time
represent [rEp rI "zEnt] 1 tv to
portray someone or something; to
express something 2 tv to act on
behalf of someone else; to speak
for someone else
reproach [rI "protS] 1 n blame;
criticism (No plural form.) 2 tv.
to blame or criticize someone
→ above reproach
reproduce [ri pr@ "dus] 1 tv to
make a copy of something 2 tv.
to create something again; to do
something in the way it has
already been done 3 iv to have
offspring
reproduction [ri pr@ "d^k S@n]
1 n the process of making a copy
of something (No plural.) 2 n.
creating offspring; reproducing
(No plural.) 3 n a copy of
some-thing, especially of a work of art
or a book
reproductive [ri pr@ "d^k tIv] adj.
of or about reproduction W (Adv:
reproductively.)
reptile ["rEp taIl] n a class of
ani-mals whose temperature is the
same as the surrounding air, including dinosaurs, lizards, snakes, turtles, tortoises, alliga-tors, and crocodiles
republic [rI "p^b lIk] 1 n a nation
where the people are governed by
officials whom they elect 2 n a
system of government in which the people elect officials to repre-sent them
reputation [rep j@ "te S@n] n the
basis for the good or bad opinion that people have about someone or something
request [rI "kwEst] 1 tv to ask for
something politely (The object can be a clause with that U.) 2 n
a polite demand; an instance of asking for something
require [rI "kwaI#] 1 tv to
demand a particular qualification
or skill 2 tv to demand that
someone do something (The object can be a clause with that U.)
required [rI "kwaI#d] adj.
demanded and needed; ordered; necessary
requirement [rI "kwaI# m@nt] n.
something that must be done; something that is required; some-thing that is necessary
rerun ["ri r@n] n a television
pro-gram that is not new; a television program that has been on televi-sion before
rescue ["rEs kju] 1 tv to save
someone or something that is in
danger 2 n an instance of saving
someone or something from danger
rescue
493
Trang 9research 1 ["ri s#tS, rI "s#tS] n.
study and examination; the
col-lecting of information (No
plu-ral.) 2 [rI "s#tS] tv to collect
information about something in
great detail
resemble [rI "zEm b@l] tv to look
like someone or something; to be
like someone or something
resent [rI "zEnt] tv to feel bitter
toward someone about something;
to feel insulted by someone about
something (The object can be a
clause with that U.)
resentful [rI "zEnt fUl] adj full of
anger or bitter feelings about
someone or something; feeling
that one has been insulted;
show-ing anger or bitter feelshow-ings (Adv:
resentfully.)
reservation [rEz # "ve S@n] 1 n a
doubt about something; a concern;
something that stops someone
from accepting something 2 n a
previous claim on the use of
something at a specific time, such
as a room in a hotel, a table at a
restaurant, or a seat in a theater,
on an airplane, or at a concert
→ make reservations
reserve [rI "z#v] 1 tv to schedule
the use of something at a certain
time; to record a claim for the
future use of something at a
cer-tain time 2 tv to save something
for future use 3 n something
that is saved for future use
reserved [rI "z#vd] 1 adj saved
for a certain person or certain
rea-son; scheduled to be used by
someone at a certain time 2 adj
quiet; keeping to oneself; not
talk-ing about oneself (Adv: reservedly
[rI "z#v @d li].)
reserves n troops or soldiers that
are prepared to be called to war (Treated as plural, but not counta-ble.)
residence ["rEz @ d@ns] 1 n the
period of time that someone lives
in a certain place (No plural Number is expressed with
period(s) of residence.) 2 n a
house or an apartment; the place where someone lives
resident ["rEz @ d@nt] 1 n a person
who lives in a certain house or
apartment 2 n a person who
lives in a certain city, state, or
country 3 n a doctor who works
full time at a hospital in order to get advanced medical training
4 adj living in or working at a
certain place
residential [rEz @ "dEn S@l] adj of
or about residences; of or about homes or apartments rather than offices, farms, or factories (Adv:
residentially.)
resign [rI "zaIn] tv to quit a
posi-tion or office
resign from something to give up
or leave a job, office, committee,
or task
resign oneself to something to
cause oneself to accept something without complaining; to cause oneself to yield to something
resignation [rEz Ig "ne S@n] 1 n.
voluntarily leaving a job, office, committee, or task (Plural only for types and instances.) 2 n a formal statement or document research
494
Trang 10made by someone who is leaving a
job
resist [rI "zIst] 1 tv to oppose
something; to refuse to accept
something 2 tv to keep from
doing something; to prevent
something from happening; to
stop something from happening
(Takes a verb with -ing.) 3 tv to
be undamaged by something; to
be able to withstand something
resistance [rI "zIs t@ns] n resisting
someone or something; the ability
to resist someone or something
(No plural.)
→ theline of least resistance
→ thepath of least resistance
resource ["ri sors] n someone or
something that one can go to for
help, information, support, or
supplies
resourceful [ri "sors fUl] adj able
to think of different ways to solve
a problem (Adv: resourcefully.)
respect [rI "spEkt] 1 n the honor,
admiration, or esteem that one
feels for someone or something
(No plural.) 2 n the polite
behav-ior one shows to someone whom
one honors or admires (No
plu-ral.) 3 tv to honor, admire, or
esteem someone or something
→ pay one’slast respects
→ pay someonerespect
→ with respect to someone or
something
respectable [rI "spEk t@ b@l] adj.
worthy of respect; deserving
respect; deserving honor and
acceptance; admirable (Adv:
respectably.)
respond [rI "spand] tv to answer a
question; to give an answer; to say
something as a response (The object is a clause with that U.)
respond (to someone or some-thing) to answer someone or
something; to reply to someone
or something; to react to some-one or something
response [rI "spans] 1 n an
answer; a reply; something that is said or done to answer a question
2 n a reaction; something that is
done when something happens
→ gut response
responsibility [rI span s@ "bIl @ ti]
1 n the authority for something;
the duty to take care of someone
or something (Plural only for types and instances.) 2 n accountability for something wrong or bad; blame for causing something bad or, sometimes, credit for causing something good (No plural.) 3 n the quality of being responsible (No plural.)
4 n someone or something that
one is responsible for
responsible [rI "span s@ b@l] adj.
reliable; able to do something without being told what to do
(Adv: responsibly.)
responsible for someone or
some-thing having the job of taking care
of someone or something
the responsible party the person
or organization responsible or liable for something
rest ["rEst] 1 n sleep (No plural.)
2 n relaxation; a period of calm
or quiet after work or activity (No
plural.) 3 iv to relax after work or activity 4 iv to remain some-where 5 tv to cause someone or
an animal to relax
rest
495