Past tense and past participle: ground.. past tense and past participle ofgrind.. Past tense and past participle: grounded.. Past tense and past participle: grounded.. → gain ground→ get
Trang 1greedy ["gri di] adj showing greed;
desiring money, possessions, or
power too strongly (Adv: greedily.
Comp: greedier; sup: greediest.)
green ["grin] 1 n the color of grass
or of the leaves of trees in the
summer; the color made when
blue and yellow are mixed
together (Plural only for types
and instances.) 2 n a grassy area
3 adj of the color of grass.
(Comp: greener; sup: greenest.)
4 adj unripe; not yet ripe or
mature (Comp: greener; sup:
greenest.) 5 adj without
experi-ence; young (Figurative on R
Comp: greener; sup: greenest.)
→ have a green thumb
green with envy envious; jealous.
greenhouse ["grin haUs] n., irreg a
building with a glass roof and
glass walls where the temperature
is controlled so that plants can
grow inside all year round (Plural:
[ haU z@z].)
greens n the leaves of certain
plants eaten as food (Treated as
plural.)
greet ["grit] tv to welcome
some-one; to address someone,
espe-cially upon meeting or arrival
greeting ["gri tIN] n a word,
phrase, or action—such as Hello—
said or done when meeting
some-one or when answering the
telephone
grew ["gru] past tense ofgrow.
grid ["grId] 1 n a series of lines
arranged vertically and
horizon-tally forming squares, especially as
found on maps or graphs 2 n a
series of rods, bars, or wires
arranged as in Q 3 n a network
of electrical lines spread over a large area; a network of roads
grief ["grif] n sorrow; distress (No
plural.)
→ come to grief
grill ["grIl] 1 n a grid of metal rods
set over a fire, on which food is placed to cook; a barbecue Q
2 n an outdoor stove that cooks
food placed on a framework of
rows of metal bars 3 tv to cook food on Q or W 4 tv to question
someone forcefully and
thor-oughly 5 iv [for food] to be
cooked on Q or W
grille ["grIl] 1 n a grate above the
front bumper of a car in front of the radiator (Compare this with grill.) 2 n a grid of metal bars placed in a door or window
grim ["grIm] 1 adj not likely to
turn out well (Adv: grimly Comp:
grimmer; sup: grimmest.) 2 adj.
[looking] stern and harsh (Adv:
grimly Comp: grimmer; sup: grimmest.)
grime ["graIm] n thick, oily dirt.
(No plural.)
grin ["grIn] 1 n a big smile 2 iv.
to smile widely so that one’s teeth show
grin and bear it to endure
some-thing unpleasant in good humor
grind ["graInd] 1 tv., irreg to make
something into a powder or tiny chunks, by crushing or pounding
it (Past tense and past participle: ground.) 2 tv., irreg to rub things together with force
grind someone down to wear
someone down by constant greedy
246
Trang 2requests; to wear someone down
by constant nagging
grind something away to remove
something by grinding
grind something down to make
something smooth or even by
grinding
grind something out 1 to produce
something by grinding 2 to
pro-duce something in a mechanical
or perfunctory manner
→ have an ax to grind
grind something up to pulverize or
break something up by crushing,
rubbing, or abrasion
grind to a halt to slow to a stop; to
run down
grindstone ["graInd ston] n a
thick, round wheel of stone that is
used to sharpen knives
→ keep one’snose to the grindstone
→ put one’snose to the grindstone
grip ["grIp] 1 tv to hold someone
or something tightly with one’s
hands 2 n a tight hold on
some-one or something
→ come to grips with something
→ lose one’sgrip
grip someone’sattention to attract and
hold someone’s attention
gripe ["graIp] n a complaint.
gripe (about someone or
some-thing) to complain about someone
or something; to whine about
someone or something
grit one’s teeth to grind one’s teeth
together in anger or
determina-tion
groan ["gron] 1 n a loud, deep
noise of pain, disappointment, or
disapproval 2 iv to make a loud,
deep noise of pain,
disappoint-ment, or disapproval 3 iv [for an
enormous bulk] to make a deep noise or creak
groan under the weight of
some-thing to suffer under the burden or domination of something
grocer ["gro s#] n someone who
owns or runs a grocery store; someone who sells food and basic supplies
groceries ["gros riz ] n items
bought at a grocery store (Treated as plural, but not counta-ble.)
grocery (store) ["gros ri ] n a
store where food can be bought
groom ["grum] 1 n a man who is getting married 2 tv to clean and comb a horse 3 tv to make some-one’s hair neat 4 tv to prepare
someone for a specific duty
ground ["graUnd] 1 past tense and
past participle ofgrind 2 adj. broken or chopped into powder or
into tiny chunks by grinding 3 n.
the surface of the earth (No
plu-ral.) 4 tv to cause a pilot,
air-plane, or bird to stay on the surface of the earth (Past tense
and past participle: grounded.) 5.
tv to make someone stay in a
cer-tain place as punishment (Figura-tive on R Past tense and past
participle: grounded.) 6 tv to
make an electrical device safer by extending a wire into E (Past tense and past participle:
grounded.)
→ break new ground
→ cover a lot of ground
→ cut the ground out from under someone
→ from the ground up
ground
247
Trang 3→ gain ground
→ get one’sfeet on the ground
→ get somethingoff (the ground)
→ have one’sear to the ground
→ hold one’sground
→ keep one’sear to the ground
→ keep one’sfeet on the ground
→ stand one’sground
ground beef ["graUnd "bif] n beef
that has been chopped or ground
fine; hamburger (No plural.)
grounded in fact based on facts.
grounds n the remains of
pow-dered coffee beans after coffee has
been made from them (Treated as
plural, but not countable.)
grounds for something a basis or
cause for legal action such as a
lawsuit
group ["grup] 1 n a number of
people or things considered as a
unit; a category 2 tv to arrange
people or things into categories; to
place things or people together in
Q
grow ["gro] 1 tv., irreg to care for
plants, causing them to mature
(Past tense: grew;past participle:
grown.) 2 iv., irreg to become
bigger, larger, or more powerful;
to increase 3 iv., irreg to become
a certain way
grow into something to develop
into something
grow to do something to gradually
begin to do certain things, using
verbs such as feel, know, like, need,
respect, sense, suspect, think, want,
wonder, etc.
growl ["graUl] 1 n a deep,
threat-ening sound, especially one made
in anger 2 iv to make a deep,
threatening sound; to say
some-thing in a deep, threatening way, especially when angry or irritated
grown ["gron] 1 Past participle of
grow 2 adj fully developed; adult; mature; ripe
growth ["groT] 1 n development;
the amount someone or something develops in a certain period of time (No plural.) 2 n an increase; the process of becoming bigger, larger, or more powerful (No plural.) 3 n an unnatural or unhealthy lump of tissue; a tumor
guarantee [gEr @n "ti] 1 n a
writ-ten document that promises that a certain product will operate prop-erly for a certain amount of time
2 n a written or verbal promise
that one will be responsible for something, especially for certain debts or actions 3 tv to promise that something will be done (The object can be a clause with that
U.) 4 tv to promise to be
respon-sible for certain debts, actions, or
results 5 tv to provide Q,
prom-ising that a product will work properly for a period of time
guard ["gard] 1 n someone or
some creature that watches and protects someone or something
2 the adj use of Q 3 tv to
pro-tect someone or something; to keep someone or something from escaping
guess ["gEs] 1 n an opinion or
statement that is given without
really knowing what is true 2 tv.
to make a successful try at figuring out the right answer to a question (The object can be a clause with that U.) 3 tv to think that some-thing will probably happen; to ground beef
248
Trang 4suppose that something will
hap-pen (The object is a clause with
that U.)
→ hazard a guess
→ Your guess is as good as mine.
guess at something to make a guess at
getting the right answer to a
ques-tion
guest ["gEst] 1 n someone who
visits another person’s home
because of an invitation 2 n.
someone who is taken to dinner or
to a place of entertainment by
someone else, who is paying for it
3 n someone who is invited by an
organization or government to
make a visit 4 n a customer of a
hotel, motel, etc
guest of honor a guest who gets
special attention from everyone;
the person for whom a party,
cele-bration, or ceremony is given
guide ["gaId] 1 n someone who
shows someone else the way 2 n.
someone who leads tours 3 n a
book or chart of information
about a thing or a place 4 tv to
lead someone to the right place
5 tv to lead a tour 6 tv to direct
the business of something; to
con-trol something 7 tv to advise
someone
guilt ["gIlt] 1 n the feeling that one
has done something wrong or bad
(No plural.) 2 n the burden or
responsibility of having done
something wrong or bad (No
plural.)
guilty ["gIl ti] adj having broken a
rule or done something wrong;
judged in a court to have done a
crime; not innocent (Adv: guiltily.
Comp: guiltier; sup: guiltiest.)
→ find someoneguilty
guinea pig ["gIn i pIg] 1 n a small
rodent, often kept as a pet or used
in medical and scientific experi-ments 2 n someone who is being used in an experiment (Figurative
on Q.)
→ serve as a guinea pig
gulf ["g^lf] 1 n an area of sea,
larger than a bay, surrounded by
land on two or three sides 2 n a
large or wide separation (Figura-tive on Q.)
gum ["g^m] 1 n a soft, sticky,
fla-vored substance that people chew (Plural only for types and in-stances.) 2 n the upper or lower ridge of flesh that covers the jaw bones and surrounds the bases of the teeth
gun ["g^n] 1 n a weapon that shoots bullets 2 n a device or
tool that has a handle and trigger like Q, used for applying or installing something
→ beat the gun
→ fire a gun
→ jump the gun
→ stick to one’sguns
gun for someone to be looking for
someone, presumably to harm that person, as with a gun
gush ["g^S] 1 n a large flow of a fluid 2 iv to flow out rapidly and
in large amounts 3 tv to allow a
fluid to flow; to make fluid flow
gust ["g^st] 1 n a strong rush of wind or smoke 2 iv [for the
wind] to move in short, strong bursts
gut ["g^t] 1 n the area of the
intes-tines or stomach (No plural.)
gut
249
Trang 52 tv to take the intestines and
organs out of an animal
gut feeling and gut reaction;
gut response a personal,
intu-itive feeling or response
gut reaction Go to gut feeling.
gut response Go to gut feeling.
guts 1 n the intestines (Treated as
plural, but not countable
Collo-quial.) 2 n courage (Treated as
plural, but not countable
Collo-quial.)
→ hate someone’sguts
gutter ["g^t #] 1 n a metal
chan-nel hanging on the edge of a roof
to carry away water when it rains
2 n the wide, wooden channel on
either side of a bowling lane 3 n.
on a street, a lower, formed chan-nel that leads water and other waste to the entrance of a sewer
→ in the gutter
guy ["gaI] 1 n a man; a boy (Informal.) 2 n a person, male or
female, especially in the plural (Informal.)
gym ["dZIm] 1 n a gymnasium.
2 the adj use of Q.
gymnasium [dZIm "nez i @m] n a
large room or building for physical education, physical training, or certain sports events such as bas-ketball and wrestling (Can be shortened to gym.)
gyp someone out of something to
deceive someone in order to get something of value
gut feeling
250
Trang 6habit ["hAb It] 1 n an action that
is done over and over, usually
without thinking about it 2 n an
addiction; a strong need for drugs,
tobacco, alcohol, etc 3 n the
uni-form worn by a monk or a nun
→ break a habit
→ break one’shabit
→ break the habit
hack something down to chop
something down
hack something up 1 to chop
something up into pieces 2 to
damage or mangle something
had ["hAd] 1 past tense and past
participle ofhave.2 aux the
past-tense form ofhave T, used in
forming the past perfectverb
form (Used before the past
par-ticiple of a verb Reduced to ’d in
contractions See also has.)
→ been had
→ have had its day
had better is obliged to; should.
(Often -’d better.)
(had) known it was coming Go
to knew it was coming
hadn’t ["hAd nt] cont had not.
hag ["hAg] n an ugly old woman; a
witch
hail ["hel] 1 n round pellets of ice
that fall from the sky like rain
(No plural Number is expressed
with hailstone(s).) 2 n a group of
things that come in small, sharp
units 3 n a continual series of
demands, objections, questions,
etc 4 tv to greet or welcome
someone with cheers, joy, and
approval 5 tv to honor and
praise someone or something; to
praise and approve something eagerly 6 iv [for Q] to fall from the sky
hail-fellow-well-met friendly to
everyone; falsely friendly to every-one (Usually said of males.)
hailstone ["hel ston] n a small,
round ball of ice that falls from the sky like rain
hailstorm ["hel storm] n a storm
that produces or includes hail
hair ["hEr] 1 n the strands or fibers
that grow on the body of an ani-mal, especially the ones that grow
on top of the heads of humans (No plural Treated as singular.)
2 n one of the strands or fibers
that grow on the body of an ani-mal as in Q
→ by a hair’s breadth
→ curl someone’shair
→ get in someone’shair
→ hang by a hair
→ let one’shair down
→ make someone’shair stand on end
→ neither hide nor hair
→ part someone’shair
→ tear one’shair (out)
hair of the dog that bit one a
drink of liquor taken when one has a hangover; a drink of liquor taken when one is recovering from drinking too much liquor
hairbrush ["hEr br@S] n a brush
used for smoothing hair and mak-ing it look orderly
haircut ["hEr k@t] 1 n an act or
instance of cutting hair, especially the hair on top of someone’s head
2 n the particular way that one’s
hair has been cut; a hairstyle
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H
Copyright 2003 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc
Trang 7hairy ["hEr i] adj covered with hair;
having a lot of hair (Comp:
hairier; sup: hairiest.)
hale and hearty well and healthy.
half ["hAf] 1 n., irreg either of two
equal parts that form a complete
thing (Plural: halves.) 2 n a
por-tion—as described in Q—of the
amount of people or things
already mentioned or referred to
(Treated as singular or plural.)
3 adj being Q of an amount;
being one of two equal parts
4 adv part of the way; not
com-pletely
→ at half-mast
→ one’sbetter half
→ six of one and half a dozen of
the other
halfhearted ["hAf "hart Id] adj not
too enthusiastic; without
excite-ment (Adv: halfheartedly.)
→ be halfhearted (about someone or
something)
halfway ["hAf "we] 1 adj at the
middle; in the middle 2 adv to
the point that is Q
→ meet someonehalfway
hall ["hOl] 1 n a passage that
con-nects rooms and stairways inside a
house or building (See also
hall-way.) 2 n a large room for big
meetings, lectures, dances, etc
3 n a building where college
stu-dents live, sleep, study, or have
classes
→ city hall
hallway ["hOl we] n a hall;a
pas-sage that connects rooms and
stairways inside a house or
build-ing
halt ["hOlt] 1 iv to stop 2 tv to
cause someone or something to
stop
→ grind to a halt
halves ["hAvz] plural ofhalf.
ham ["hAm] 1 n the upper part of
a hog’s rear hip and thigh, pre-served by salt and a special kind of wood smoke 2 n Q eaten as food (Plural only for types and instances.)
ham something up to perform in
something in an exaggerated and exhibitionist manner
hamburger ["hAm b# g#] 1 n.
beef that has been ground into
tiny bits (No plural.) 2 n a
sand-wich made of cooked ground beef and a specially shaped bun
hammer ["hAm #] 1 n a tool with
a heavy metal head that is used to pound nails or to break things
2 tv to hit something with Q.
→ fight someone or somethinghammer and tongs
→ go at it hammer and tongs
hammer (away) at someone to
interrogate someone; to ask ques-tions endlessly of someone (Figu-rative.)
hammer something down to
pound something down, making it even with the surrounding area
hammer something home to try
extremely hard to make someone understand or realize something
hammer something in(to someone) and pound something in(to someone) to teach
some-thing to someone intensively, as if one were driving the information
in by force
hammer something in(to some-thing) and pound something in(to something) to drive
some-hairy
252
Trang 8thing into something as with a
hammer
hand ["hAnd] 1 n the structure at
the end of the arm used for
grasp-ing; the most distant part of the
arm, below the wrist 2 n the
cards given or dealt to someone in
a card game; one session in a game
of cards 3 n side; direction (No
plural.) 4 n one of the pointers
on a clock or watch 5 tv to give
something to someone by using
one’s Q 6 the adj use of Q or
R
→ be putty in someone’shands
→ bite the hand that feeds one
→ bound hand and foot
→ by a show of hands
→ can’t see one’shand in front of
one’sface
→ close at hand
→ come away empty-handed
→ dirty one’shands
→ do somethingby hand
→ eat out of someone’shand
→ fold one’shands
→ force someone’shand
→ from hand to hand
→ get one’shands dirty
→ get the upper hand (on someone)
→ go away empty-handed
→ have clean hands
→ have one’shand in the till
→ have one’shands full (with
someone or something)
→ have one’shands tied
→ have someone or somethingin one’s
hands
→ have someone’sblood on one’s
hands
→ have somethingat hand
→ in hand
→ join hands
→ know someone or somethinglike the
back of one’shand
→ know someone or somethinglike the
palm of one’shand
→ live from hand to mouth
→ one’shands are tied
→ put one’shand to the plow
→ shake hands
→ shake someone’shand
→ show one’shand
→ sit on itshands
→ sit on one’shands
→ soil one’shands
→ take the law into one’sown hands
→ tie someone’shands
→ Time hangs heavy on someone’s hands.
→ wait on someonehand and foot
→ wash one’shands of someone or something
→ with both hands tied behind one’sback
→ with one hand tied behind one’s back
hand in glove (with someone)
very close to someone
hand over fist [for money and
merchandise to be exchanged] very rapidly
hand over hand [moving] one
hand after the other (again and again)
hand something down [for a
court] to issue a ruling (Legal.)
hand something down from one to someone to pass
some-thing down through many generations
hand something down (to some-one) to pass on something to a
younger person, often a younger relative
hand something off (to someone)
to give a football directly to another player (Football.)
hand something out (to someone)
to pass something, usually papers, out to people
hand something out (to someone)
253
Trang 9handicap ["hAn di kAp] 1 n a
dis-ability; a disadvantage; something
that hinders someone from doing
something in the usual way 2 n
[in sports or games] placing
restrictions on a better player in
order to make the event more
competitive 3 tv to prevent
someone from doing something in
the usual way; to hinder someone
handkerchief ["hAN k# tSIf] n a
square of soft fabric used to wipe
one’s nose or face
handle ["hAn d@l] 1 n the part of
an object that is held on to so that
the object can be used, moved,
picked up, pushed, pulled, opened,
or closed 2 tv to feel someone or
something with one’s hands; to use
one’s hands on someone or
some-thing 3 iv [for something] to
work in a certain way while being
used; [for a vehicle or boat] to be
guided, driven, or steered
→ fly off the handle
→ get a handle on something
→ have a handle on something
handle someone with kid gloves
to be very careful with a touchy
person; to deal with someone who
is very difficult
hands down easily and without
opposition; indisputably
handsome ["hAn s@m] 1 adj very
attractive; [of a male] very
good-looking (Adv: handsomely Comp:
handsomer; sup: handsomest.)
2 adj ample; generous; more than
enough (Adv: handsomely Comp:
handsomer; sup: handsomest.)
handwriting ["hAnd raIt IN] 1 n.
writing done by hand with a pen
or pencil instead of with a
type-writer or computer (No plural form.) 2 n one’s own style of writing; a sample of one’s own handwriting (No plural form.)
→ see the (hand)writing on the wall
hang ["hAN] 1 tv., irreg to suspend
something from a higher place, using a rope, chain, etc (Past tense and past participle: hung.) 2 tv.,
irreg to attach something to a
wall 3 tv to execute a person by
suspending the person by the neck (Past tense and past
partici-ple: hanged for this sense.) 4 iv., irreg to be suspended over
some-thing; to remain above someplace
or thing
→ get the hang of something
→ have somethinghanging over one’s head
→ keep someone or somethinghanging
in midair
→ leave someone or somethinghanging
in midair
→ Time hangs heavy on someone’s hands.
hang (around) and hang (out) to
waste time somewhere; to do nothing for a period of time
hang around (someplace) to loiter
someplace; to be in a place or in an area, doing nothing in particular
hang around with someone to
spend time doing nothing in par-ticular with someone
hang back (from someone or something) to lag back behind
someone or something; to stay back from someone or something, perhaps in avoidance
hang by a hair and hang by a thread to be in an uncertain
posi-handicap
254
Trang 10tion; to depend on something very
insubstantial for support
hang by a thread Go to hang by a
hair.
hang fire to delay or wait; to be
delayed
hang in the balance to be in an
undecided state; to be between
two equal possibilities
Hang on! Be prepared for fast or
rough movement
hang on 1 to wait awhile 2 to
survive awhile (Figurative.) 3 to
linger or persist
hang on someone’s every word to
listen carefully to everything
someone says
hang on (to someone or
some-thing) and hold on (to someone
or something) 1 to grasp someone
or something 2 to keep someone
or something
hang one’s hat up somewhere to
take up residence somewhere
hang (out) Go to hang (around).
hang out (with someone or
some-thing) to associate with someone
or a group on a regular basis
hang someone in effigy to hang a
dummy or some other figure of a
hated person
hang together 1 [for something
or a group of people] to hold
together; to remain intact 2 [for
a story] to flow from element to
element and make sense 3 [for
people] to spend time together
hang up 1 [for a machine or a
computer] to grind to a halt; to
stop because of some internal
complication 2 to replace the telephone receiver after a call
hangar ["hAN #] n a large building
where airplanes are stored and serviced
hanger ["hAN #] n a wooden,
metal, or plastic frame for sus-pending clothing inside a closet
happen ["hAp @n] iv to occur; to
take place
→ can’t wait (for somethingto happen)
happen to do something to do
something by chance, without planning to do it; to have the good
or bad fortune to do something
happen to someone or something
to be done to someone or thing; to be experienced by some-one or something
happen (up)on someone or
thing to find someone or some-thing, as if by accident
happiness ["hAp i n@s] n being
happy; being glad or joyful (No plural.)
happy ["hAp i] 1 adj [of someone
or some creature] feeling or show-ing joy or beshow-ing in a good mood; [of someone] glad, pleased, or
willing (Adv: happily Comp: hap-pier; sup: happiest.) 2 adj causing
joy; joyful (Adv: happily Comp: happier; sup: happiest.)
→ (as) happy as a clam
→ hit a happy medium
→ strike a happy medium
harbor ["har b#] 1 n a sheltered
port where ships and boats can
anchor safely 2 tv to keep
some-thing in one’s mind, especially bad feelings toward someone
harbor
255