History of Economic Analysis part 126 pdf

TO FACILITATE USE of the subject index, reference is made throughout to the three important periods of economic analysis in the following manner: From 1790 to 1870—Classical Period Fro

Thornton, William Thomas, 669

Thünen, Johann Heinrich von, theoretical ability beyond Ricardo’s, 465;

Roscher on, 465;

work not understood, 466;

marginal productivity theory, 466, 467, 568, 656n, 674n, 839, 941–2;

first to use calculus for economic reasoning, 466, 955;

location theory, 466;

rent theory, 466, 671n;

originality of work, 466–7;

general interdependence, 467;

steady state process, 467;

wage and interest theory, 467–8, 648, 656n;

risk premium in profit, 646n;

influence on Menger, 827;

Marshall, 837;

substitution principle, 839, 917n, 995

Tinbergen, Jan, 1144, 1162–3

Tintner, Gerhard, 1028–9, 1072

Tocqueville, Alexis de, 433, 820

Tolomei, Matteo Biffi, 373

Tooke, Thomas, 398, 520, 524, 688, 690, 699, 708–10, 712–13, 720, 722, 725, 727, 731, 734, 739, 742–6, 1111–12, 1123

Torrens, Robert, 475, 486, 489, 560, 607–8, 615, 657, 665, 669, 688, 704, 725–6, 728, 733 Townsend, Joseph, 255, 481, 578

Toynbee, Arnold, 821, 822

Trevelyan, George Macaulay, 398

Tucker, Abraham, 128

Tucker, George, 519, 521–2, 711

Tucker, Josiah, 226, 245, 375

Tugan-Baranowsky, Mikhail, 879, 1126, 1130

Tull, Jethro, 157

Turgot, Anne Robert Jacques, Baron de

l’Aulne, and Condillac, 175n;

as polyhistor, 182;

and Smith, 192, 248;

not a physiocrat, 243–4;

and Gournay’s work, 244–5;

life sketch, 245–8;

and Encyclopédistes, 245;

and Beccaria, 248;

diminishing returns in, 259, 260–61, 262n;

marginal analysis, 261;

role in defeat of monetary analysis, 282n;

theory of market mechanism, 307;

savings and investment, 324–5, 642, 667, 723;

and Marshall, 325;

and Mill, 325;

and Ricardo, 474n;

and Say, 492, 560, 625;

and Say’s Law, 625;

3-factor schema in, 560

Distribution theory: 567–8;

interest theory, 328, 332–4;

wage theory, 249, 266, 664, 667

Capital theory: 249, 323–4, 564, 642, 667;

monetary theory, 249, 319;

value theory, 249, 302, 308

Turner, John Roscoe, 514

Tuttle, Charles A., 895

Tweddle, W.A., 962

Twiss, Travers, 583

Tylor, Sir Edward B., 786, 799

Unwin, George, 151, 153

Ure, Andrew, 542

Urquhart, David, 399

Usher, A.P., 78, 116, 317, 787, 788

Uztáriz, Gerónimo de, 170

Valeriani, Luigi Molinari, 511

Valle de la Cerda, Luiz, 311

Vanderblue, Homer, 183

Vanderlint, Jacob, 367

Van Dillen, Johannes Gerard, 317

Varro, M.Terentius, 71

Vasco, Giovanni Battista, 272

Vauban, Sébastien de, 203, 204, 205, 524

Vaughan, Rice, 291, 294

Veblen, Thornstein, 795, 802, 896, 911

Venn, John, 448

Verhulst, Pierre François, 538

Verri, Pietro, 130, 132, 177, 178, 205, 213, 287, 292, 302, 307, 315, 373, 375, 408, 510, 707, 718,

960, 1176

Verrijn, Stuart Coenraad Alexander, 862

Vico, Giambattista (Giovanni Battista), 28, 135, 136, 137, 300, 791–2

Vignes, J.B.Maurice, 204

Villeneuve-Bargemont, Alban, 490, 681

Villermé, Louis René, 522–3

Viner, Jacob, 196, 336, 346, 350, 351, 361, 364, 375, 605, 607, 609–10, 613, 689, 701, 705–6, 708,

711, 718, 724, 730, 732–3, 735, 737, 875, 1046, 1048, 1107, 1152

Vinogradoff, Sir Paul, 107, 782

Virgilii, Filippo, 254, 584, 890

Volkmann, J., 1058

Wade, John, 743

Wagemann, Ernst, 1155, 1165–6

Wagner, Adolf Heinrich Gotthilf, 478, 503, 507, 709, 726, 802, 851–2, 945, 1081, 1109

Wagner, Valentin Fritz, 718, 1080

Wainstein, A.L., 1155

Waitz, Franz Theodore, 435, 446

Waitz, Georg, 432

Wald, Abraham, 968, 1007, 1009, 1014, 1067

Wales, William, 254

Walker, Amasa, 519

Walker, Francis Amasa, 671, 865, 867, 894, 935, 939, 940, 1076, 1081

Wallace, Robert, 253, 255, 256

Wallace, William, 66

Wallas, Graham, 132, 402, 795

Wallis, W.Allen, 1067

Walras, Antoine Auguste, 828, 999, 1055

Walras, Marie Ésprit Léon, first to relate schemata, 16;

Isnard as precursor, 217, 307;

discoverer of fundamental economic problem, 242;

on bimetallism, 298n, 717;

on ‘advance’ theory, 564;

Malthusian principle in, 582, 890;

on barter economy, 590, 838–9, 911–12;

on marginal utility in Senior, 600;

as Senior of neo-classical period, 758;

life sketch, 827–9;

as semi-socialist, 888;

on partial analysis, 991;

quasirent in, 995;

monetary theory, 1079, 1082–3, 1100, 1116n;

work on index numbers, 1093;

on cycle, 1126n

Filiations with:

Smith, 189, 892;

Aupetit, 840n;

Barone, 858, 987;

Cassel, 8620, 953n;

Cournot, 828, 959, 960;

Edgeworth, 839, 893n;

Keynes, 1082;

Marshall, 837, 839, 952;

Mill, 892;

Moore, 877;

Pareto, 829, 860, 861n, 888n, 1062;

Say, 828;

A.Walras, 828;

Wicksell, 862

See also Walrasian System

Walsh, Correa Moylan, 1092

Waterstradt, Franz, 588, 1036

Watson, John Broadus, 797

Wayland, Francis, 515

Webb, Sidney, Beatrice, 271, 823, 832–3, 947

Weber, Ernst, 446, 779, 796, 1058

Weber, Max, 21, 34, 80–81, 425, 540, 584, 777, 795, 805, 814–19, 848, 891

Weiss, Franz X., 845, 939

Weitling, Wilhelm, 458

Wells, David Ames, 522–4, 865, 867

West, Sir Edward, 259, 265, 470, 474, 476, 486, 489, 569, 570, 585–7, 645, 651–3, 656, 658, 674, 677–9

Westergaard, Harald Ludvig, 212

Westermarck, Edward Alexander, 786, 799

Western, ‘Squire,’ 711–14

Weston, Sir Richard, 157

Weulersee, George, 225–6

Whale, P.Barrett, 694

Whateley, Elizabeth Jane, 483

Whately, Richard, 448, 450, 464, 483–5, 536

Whatley, George, 376

Wheatley, John, 701, 703, 707–8, 710, 713, 733, 735–7

Wheeler, John, 154, 306, 337, 339–40

Whewell, William, 5, 448–50, 955

White, Horace, 1081

Whitehead, Alfred North, 779

Wicksell, Knut, population theory, 258, 582, 863, 890n;

aggregate demand, 623, 1117;

preference for slowly rising prices, 713;

savings theory, 723, 724, 1115;

international trade theory, 733;

life sketch, 862–3;

acknowledgment of predecessors, 872n;

as bourgeois radical, 888;

on maximization of satisfaction by market, 888, 986n;

best formulation of Austrian work, 913, 940;

index number work, 1093;

consumption function, 1117, 1176;

on Say’s Law, 1117n;

on business cycle, 1120;

theorems applicable to industry or social economy, 1142

Distribution theory:

marginal productivity, 1033, 1036;

interest theory, 331, 649n, 709n, 720, 863, 929n, 930, 1099, 1118, 1119n; profits, 331;

wage theory, 940

Filiations with:

Smith, 892;

Bentham, 724;

Cournot, 983;

Malthus, 724;

Mill, 724–5, 863, 892;

Joplin, 723;

Ricardo, 637, 649n;

Thornton, 722, 724;

Tooke, 709n;

Say, 1117n;

Böhm-Bawerk, 847, 907–8, 929n, 930, 952, 1118;

Keynes, 1119n, 1178n;

Walras, 952, 1012n, 1082;

Wieser, 913

Production theory:

capital theory, 561n, 637, 907–8;

diminishing returns, 588n;

competition, 972, 986n;

duopoly, 983;

production function, 998, 1029, 1030;

on constant production coefficients, 1012n

Wicksteed, Philip Henry, 830–32, 940, 1030, 1033, 1035, 1040, 1051, 1057

Wiese, Leopold von, 785

Wieser, Friedrich von, 577, 786, 795, 819, 844, 846, 848, 909, 910, 913–16, 935, 940, 942, 969, 986–7, 1058, 1060, 1062, 1090–91, 1093

Wilamowitz-Moellendorff, Ulrich von, 54

Williams, Sir John Bickerton, 253

Williams, John H., 733

Willis, H.Parker, 1104, 1111

Wilson, Glocester, 714n

Wilson, James, 726

Wilson, Thomas, 106, 344

Winckelmann, Johann Joachim, 418

Windelband, Wilhelm, 507, 775, 777, 818

Winkelblech, Karl Georg, 459–60

Wirth, Max, 742

Wiston-Glynn, A.W., 295

Withers, Hartley, 1111, 1115

Wold, Herman, 1007

Wolf, Friedrich August, 135

Wolf, Julius, 765, 1076

Wolfe, Albert Benedict, 582–3

Wolff, P.de, 993

Wolowski, L., 540

Wood, Elmer, 690, 694, 697

Wood, George H., 1092

Wood, Stuart, 666, 869, 941

Worlidge, John, 157

Wright, Carroll Davidson, 867

Wright, Harold, 891

Wulf, Maurice de, 83

Wundt, Wilhelm Max, 5, 777, 796–7

Xenophon, 54

Yarranton, Andrew, 274, 349, 352, 361, 363–4, 368, 372

Yntema, Theodore O., 1152

Young, Allyn, 875, 986, 1046, 1048, 1093

Young, Arthur, 158, 254, 274, 351, 526

Yule, G.Udny, 213

Zawadski, W., 957

Zauberman, A., 1157, 1159

Zeuthen, F., 976, 1014, 1150

Zielenziger, Kurt, 159

Zotoff, A.W., 1039

TO FACILITATE USE of the subject index, reference is made throughout to the three important periods of economic analysis in the following manner:

From 1790 to 1870—Classical Period

From 1870 to 1914—Neo-Classical Period

From 1914 to Present—Modern Period

The first and third terms correspond to J.A.S.’s usage For the second period, it was believed to be preferable to retain the term ‘neo-classical’ because of its general usage in the profession, in spite of J.A.S.’s explicit rejection of the term For his objections, see page 919

Abstinence, in ‘advance’ theory of capital, 564–5;

in Senior, 638–9, 926;

in Smith, 639;

in Mill, 639, 654n;

in Marshall, 639, 923;

Marx on, 640;

Böhm-Bawerk on, 926;

Fisher and Jevons on, 927

See also Capital, Theories of;

Interest, Theories of

Acceleration Principle, 1134n

Accounting and Commercial Arithmetic, 156–7, 872, 944–5

‘Advance’ Economics, see Advances

Advances, in Quesnay, 236–7, 266, 323–4;

in Smith, 269;

in Turgot, 333–4;

in physiocrats and classical economics, 564, 632;

vs synchronization economics, 564–5;

in Marx, 661;

in wage-fund theory, 667

See also Capital, Theories of

Aeterni Patris, see Encyclicals, Papal

Age of Reason, see Enlightenment

Aggregate Demand, in Boisguillebert, 285n;

as a concept, 617, 1117n;

for consumers goods, 623, 1117;

in Keynes, 1176n

See also Aggregate Demand Function, Keynesian System, Macroanalysis

Aggregate Demand Function, and microeconomic demand function, 623–4

See also Aggregate Demand, Keynesian System, Macroanalysis

Aggregate Supply Function, and microeconomic supply function, 623–4

See also Keynesian System, Macroanalysis

Aggregative Analysis, see Macroanalysis

Agrarian Revolution, 145;

nature of, 149–50, 157–8, 270;

effects of enclosures, 167;

More on, 208

Agriculture, literature on, 70–71, 157

Allocation of Resources, tariff and, in mercantilists, 374;

extension of marginal utility analysis to, 912–13

See also Austrian School, Distribution, Theory of;

Walrasian System

American Economic Association, 756, 867

Antimetallism, see Monetary Theory, Cartalist

Anti-Saving Attitude, see Saving

Apprentices, Health and Morals of, Act (1802), 167n, 271–2

Associationist Psychology, see Empiricism, Philosophical;

Psychology

Austrian School, discovery of calculus, 18n, 956n;

and Mill’s theory, 570;

introspection and common experience, 577;

and German economists, 843, 844, 849;

Menger, Böhm-Bawerk, Wieser as co-founders, 844–9;

Auspitz and Lieben, 849;

influence in U.S., 850;

submergence by Pareto’s teaching, 850;

effect on Dutch economics, 861;

emphasis on psychological magnitudes, 887;

Sozialpolitik and progressive taxation, 888;

neglect of profit theory, 893;

genetic explanations, 908n;

marginal utility and distribution, 913;

Wicksell’s work, 913, 940;

problem of equi-requisite factors, 914;

firm and social productivities, 915n;

marginal value productivity concept, 915;

imputation, 916;

opportunity-cost theory, 917;

Marshall’s criticism of, 920–24;

theory of rent, 933;

determinate equilibrium in, 969n;

competition in, 972;

indeterminateness of isolated exchange, 984;

Crusoe economy and socialist theory, 986–7;

on Walras, 1014n;

hedonism in marginal utility theory, 1056;

disutilities in value theory, 1057;

monetary analysis, 1085–6, 1089;

distrust of index numbers, 1089, 1094

Automatic Gold Mechanism, see Gold Mechanism

Balance of Payments, concept in mercantilists, 352; and balance of trade, 353;

Serra, Malynes, Misselden, Mun, 353–8;

export surplus as measure of gain, 358;

confusion of wealth and money, 360–2;

Palmer’s rule and, 698

Balance of Trade, Serra on, 195;

‘luxuries,’ 324n

Mercantilists on, 345–62:

power politics, 346–7;

Serra, Malynes, Misselden, Mun, 353–9, 365;

erroneous propositions, 359–62

Bank Note, development of, 317;

suspected overissue in England of 1830’s, 694;

early 19th century, 695;

Bank Charter Act of 1844, 695;

in central bank theory, 695n;

in classical money and credit theory, 699;

banking school’s position, 727;

Walras’ plan to suppress, 1079

Bank of England, and land bank schemes, 295–6

In classical period, 690–2:

role in monetary controversy, 692;

‘failure’ of resumption, 694, 711–12;

Bank Charter Act of 1844, 694–8, 718, 726, 729;

as lender of last resort, 696;

as controller of banking system, 696–8;

Palmer’s rule, 697–8;

Thornton on note issue, 707;

regulating function and banking school, 727;

currency school on notes of, 727

Banking, 319–21;

in Smith, 278, 731;

Law’s ventures and, 295;

100% reserve plan, 694, 1079;

attempt to divorce from ‘control of currency,’ 694; state of by 1800, in England, 694–6;

penalty in credit creation, 730;

law of reflux, 730–31;

analysis in neo-classical period, 1110–17

Commercial bill theory of, 718n:

Thornton on credit overextension, 721–2;

and banking school, 729;

doctrines of, 729–31;

needs-of-trade argument, 731;

adherence to in neo-classical period, 1111–13;

Wicksell’s cumulative process and, 1112–13, 1120

See also Central Banking

Barter, equilibrium in, 619;

Walras’ theory of, 838–9, 911, 1003–4;

in marginal utility theorists, 911;

Edgeworth’s use of indifference curves 1065;

in neo-classical period, 1088;

‘neutral money’ and, 1088

Battle of Methods (Methodenstreit), see Methodology

Becher’s Principle, see Monetary Analysis

Bills of Exchange, 695

Bimetallism, Scaruffi’s work, 292;

in 17th and 18th centuries, 297–8;

on Continent in 19th century, 405

Schemes in post-Napoleonic England, 693, 715–17:

M.Attwood as proponent, 714n;

Mill on, 715;

Cernuschi’s work, 715–16;

gold inflow of 1840’s and, 716–17;

French, 716–17;

‘parachute effect’ in, 716–17;

Ricardo on, 717n

Walras on, 298n, 717;

Balfour’s support of, 770n;

cult of, 774;

controversy over in neo-classical period, 1076;

international monetary conferences of, 1878, 1881, 1892, 1076–7

Bolshevism, see Economics, Russian

Bourgeoisie, in 13th century, 74–5;

rise of by 15th century, 78–9;

spread of schema of values, 79;

submission to warrior class, 144;

decline in power, 145;

ascent of, 393–4;

political liberalism, 394–5;

materialistic rationalism of, 408;

rejection of utilitarianism, 408

In neo-classical period:

challenge to, 761;

bourgeois radicalism, 762–4;

attitude of bureaucracy, 763–4;

emer gence of ‘new middle class,’ 763–4;

allocation to state of controlling role, 763–4;

acceptance of spirit hostile to its civilization, 774, 778

See also Radicalism, Bourgeois

Bullionists, see Mercantilism;

Monetary Analysis

Business Cycle Analysis, in classical period, 738–50;

Say’s Law and, 618, 739;

one of few original achievements, 738;

in mercantilists, 738;

Sismondi as theorist, 740–1;

Roscher’s eclectic theory, 741–2;

crises as phases, 742;

10-year cycle, 742, 1124;

relation to general gluts theories, 742–3;