History of Economic Analysis part 124 ppsx

Lowe, Joseph, 526, 701, 713, 1078

Lowenthal, Esther, 480

Loyd, Samuel Jones, see Overstone

Loyo, G., 210

Lubbock, John William, 705

Lucas, Charles P., 399

Lugo, Juan de, 95, 96, 98, 99, 101

Lundberg, Erik, 966, 1085, 1173, 1183

Lutz, Friedrich, 739, 1123

Luxemburg, Rosa, 880–82, 1132

Ly, Siou Y., 53

Lyell, Sir Charles, 445

Mabillon, Jean, 123

Mably, Gabriel Bonnot de, 139, 140

Macaulay, T.B., 216, 424, 426, 430, 432

Macgregor, David Hutchison, 859

Mach, Ernst, 5, 16, 509, 776

Machlup, Fritz, 1038, 1076

Maclaren, James, 716

Macleod, H.D., 175, 670, 718, 1115

McCulloch, John Ramsay, 157, 381, 470–71, 476–9, 486–7, 515, 519, 521–2, 559, 581, 585, 595,

599, 657, 669, 683, 703, 726, 733, 737

McDougall, William, 799

McVane, Silas Marcus, 639, 926

McVicker, John, 515

Maddison, Sir Ralph, 364

Maimonides, Moses, 87

Maine, Henry James Sumner, 427, 782, 822

Maitland, Frederic William, 782

Malestroict, Jehan Cherruyt de, 166, 311

Mallock, William Hurrell, 789

Malthus, Thomas Robert, and Godwin, 140, 579n;

and Ortes, 178;

and Smith, 191, 472, 482, 484;

and Quesnay, 234;

on human perfectability, 257;

Marx and, 480n, 481;

and Keynes, 481, 483, 582, 622, 623, 641n, 890n;

recognition of maximization problem, 481;

monetary analysis, 482, 483;

general gluts, 482, 538–9;

and Chalmers, 487;

and Mill, 530;

and Ricardo, 536n, 538–9, 625n, 677, 1054n;

model of growth, 566, 570–72;

distribution theory, 568;

and Senior, 580–81;

value theory, 600, 601n, 602, 1054n;

supply and demand schedules, 602;

international trade theory, 610–11, 733;

on Say’s Law, 622, 623, 740;

aggregate demand, 623;

savings and investment, 623, 641n, 724, 740;

capital concept, 634;

interest theory, 656;

stagnation thesis, 740;

money as numéraire and exchange medium, 1087;

consumption function, 1176

See also Malthusian Theory of Population

Malynes, Gerard de, 251, 314, 344–6, 350, 353, 355, 364–6, 737

Mandeville, Bernard de, 184, 325

Manfra, Modestino Remigio, 178

Mangoldt, Hans Karl Emil von, 503, 519, 556, 607, 646, 679, 893–4, 935, 990–91 Manley, Thomas, 328–9

Mann, Fritz Karl, 204

Mannheim, Karl, 33, 37

Mantoux, Paul, 149, 271, 821

Marcet, Jane, 477, 649, 668

Marget, Arthur W., 276, 317, 322, 698, 705–6, 710, 718, 1020, 1080, 1108, 1115 Mariana, Juan de, 96

Marlo, Karl, see Winkelblech, Karl George

Márquez, Javier, 165

Marschak, Jacob, 907, 970, 993

Marshall, Alfred, use of ‘economics,’ 21;

conception of Noble Life, 129n;

and Smith, 189, 307–8, 833–5, 837, 838, 892;

savings and investment, 325;

international trade theory, 351, 374, 609, 1106;

and Kant, 412n, 780;

on Thünen, 465, 467, 837;

acknowledgment of others’ work, 474, 839;

and Ricardo, 475, 529, 592–3, 594–5, 674n, 678–9, 837, 838, 921n, 934, 1078–9;

on Hermann, 503;

economic development theory, 543, 892–3, 1165;

and Mill, 570, 747, 837, 838, 892;

Malthusian principle, 582, 890;

Say’s Law and, 622;

monetary theory, 720n, 1075, 1078–9, 1083–4, 1087–8, 1099, 1108–9;

business cycle, 747;

taxation, 765, 945, 1070n;

laissezfaire, 765, 888, 985, 986;

socialism, 765, 833n, 888;

life sketch, 834–40;

and Walras, 837, 839, 952;

econometrics, 840;

economic sociology, 889;

statistics, 962, 1093;

consumers’ rent, 1061–2, 1070;

welfare economics, 1069–70

Distribution theory:

marginal productivity, 920–24, 941–2, 996n, 1032–3, 1042–3;

wage theory, 923–4, 940, 943;

interest theory, 638–9, 659, 720n, 926, 1083;

rent theory, 671n, 674n, 934, 935, 937;

profits, 646, 720n, 893–4, 1045, 1048–9;

quasirent, 634n, 647, 671n, 678–9, 894, 995, 1045

Methodology:

partial analysis, 836, 959, 990–98;

general analysis, 483, 836, 920n, 994, 995, 996;

statics, 836–7, 966, 1161;

dynamics, 840;

stationary state, 966;

macroanalysis, 997;

role of time, 995n, 1029n, 1045, 1172

representative firm, 997n, 1045;

merger of business and general economics, 945;

role of theory, 954n

Production theory:

factors of production, 557, 1000n;

and Mill’s, 570;

increasing and decreasing returns, 259, 585, 587, 1070n;

real cost theory, 660, 923–4, 1057;

prime and supplementary costs, 1045;

increasing and decreasing costs, 892, 982, 985, 1045, 1070n;

internal and external economics, 568, 995n, 1045, 1046;

monopoly theory, 960, 977–8, 1049;

oligopoly theory, 982, 983, 984, 985;

monopolistic competition in, 840, 975, 1150;

pure competition, 972, 974, 986;

Keynes on, 1045–6;

loose ends in, 1045;

substitution, 917n, 995

Value theory:

normal price, 189, 592–3;

on Smith’s, 307–8;

supply-demand theory, 482, 921–2;

and Ricardo’s, 594–5, 837, 919, 921n;

marginal utility theory, 826, 836, 837, 910, 919, 921–4, 1056–7, 1060, 1061–2, 1071; law of satiable wants, 910;

on Jevons’ and Austrians’, 920–24;

on utilitarianism in, 1056–7;

demand analysis, 991–2, 996

Marshall, Dorothy, 271

Marshall, Mary Paley, 834

Marsilius of Padua, 92

Martello, Tullio, 1081

Martínez de la Mata, Francisco, 168, 170

Marx, Karl, idealogical bias in, 35–8, 439;

on semi-socialists, 139;

on Petty, 210n;

and Quesnay, 238, 391, 566n;

difficulty of subdividing work, 383–4;

life sketch, 386n;

erudition in, 387;

early achievement of essentials, 388–9;

and Smith, 309, 389, 648–9;

and Hegel, 392, 414, 438;

on bourgeois radicalism, 395, 455n, 559n;

sociology, 389, 433, 439, 440;

and Ricardo, 390, 595n, 596–8, 649, 654, 681, 682n, 683, 685;

on Utopian socialism, 454–5, 480;

and Proudhon, 457;

Hodgskin as precursor, 479;

on Malthus, 481, 583, 651;

on Ramsay, 488;

on Say, 491, 628n;

and Rodbertus, 506;

and Roscher, 508;

on Mill, 531;

effect on Sombart, 818;

Bortkiewicz on, 851n, 933n;

and Tugan-Baronowsky, 1126n

See also Marxist System

Mason, Edward S., 456, 461, 471, 612

Mason, Otis Tufton, 787

Massie, Joseph, 184, 331, 375

Mataja, Victor, 895

Matthias, Johann, 202

Maunier, René, 786

Maurer, Georg Ludwig von, 426

Mauvillon, Jakob, 224, 228

Maverick, L.A., 224

Mayo-Smith, Richmond, 1089

Medina, Juan de, 101, 272

Mehring, Franz, 386, 389

Meitzen, August, 810

Melon, Jean François, 174, 299

Mendel, Gregor Johann, 444

Menger, Anton, 480

Menger, Carl, and Galiani, 301;

on methodology, 777, 814;

and Mill and Smith, 827, 892;

life sketch, 827;

and Marshall, 837;

and Böhm-Bawerk, 844, 845, 846–7;

and Wicksell, 862;

monetary analysis, 1085–6

Distribution theory:

marginal analysis in, 912–13, 915, 916, 941–2; substitution in, 917n, 995n;

wage theory, 940;

interest theory, 656n, 846, 925;

rent theory, 934

Production theory:

capital concept, 846, 899, 901

Value theory:

marginal utility in, 301, 813, 827, 837, 848, 910, 912–13, 918, 984, 1055–6, 1060; and Galiani’s, 301;

Wieser and, 848;

in barter economy, 911;

and Schmoller, 813;

on isolated exchange, 984

Menger, Karl, 587, 588, 1037

Menghin, Oswald, 786

Mercado, Tomás de, 95, 101

Mercier de la Rivière, P.-P., 223, 225

Mering, Otto, 615

Messedaglia, A., 511, 519, 583, 856–7, 1081

Metzler, Lloyd A., 1009, 1149, 1184

Meunier, Francis, 95

Meyer, Rob., 898

Mill, James, 254, 408, 412, 429, 432, 436, 447, 470–72, 476, 478, 491, 519, 527–8, 536, 559, 560, 570–71, 581, 592, 595, 621, 637, 641, 648, 657, 663, 668–9, 676, 683, 703, 795

Mill, John Stuart, associationist psychology, 120, 447, 450, 529n;

empiricism, 121;

savings and investment, 325, 572, 573, 620–21, 641, 642, 643, 659, 724–5, 747;

role in classical period, 380, 444n, 527, 533;

role in neo-classical period, 849, 887, 889;

philosophical radicalism, 395, 430, 528;

and utilitarianism, 408, 411, 430, 457, 528, 775;

and socialism, 457, 531, 532;

life sketch, 527–33;

value judgments, 541;

economic sociology, 532, 887, 889;

theory of economic development, 542, 543, 571, 572, 640–41, 662, 685;

on laissez-faire, 548;

on justice, 547n;

population theory, 571, 581;

cost theory, 603–4, 660, 676n, 917;

business cycle analysis, 747

Distribution theory:

divorce from production theory, 543;

interest theory, 530, 603, 639, 654, 659, 660, 662, 720n;

profits theory, 646, 893, 894;

rent theory, 560–61, 604, 671–2, 673n, 675, 676, 677;

wage theory, 546, 641–3, 667n, 669–71, 685

Filiations with:

Turgot, 325, 642;

Smith, 189, 545, 642;

Ricardo, 475, 478, 487, 529, 530, 560–61, 570, 603, 604, 654, 676, 677, 710;

Malthus, 530, 581;

Marx, 531, 747;

Say, 529–30, 569, 620–21, 654;

Senior, 484, 530, 569, 654;

Thornton, 719, 722, 733;

Cairnes, 533–4;

Rae, 469;

Porter, 521n;

Jevons, 826;

Marshall, 570, 837, 838, 921, 1083n;

Menger, 827;

Wicksell, 863

International trade theory:

infant-industry argument, 505;

reciprocal demand, 608–9, 611–15;

monetary aspects, 731–3;

unilateral payments, 738, 1107

Methodology:

statics and dynamics, 417, 563;

stationary state, 562;

deduction, 452, 537;

historical relativity, 544;

equilibrium, 563, 609, 623;

isolation and abstraction, 537–8;

common experience, 577;

expectations, 721n, 747

Monetary theory:

metallist, 289;

on free coinage, 298;

on hoarding, 620, 622, 705;

summarizer of previous work, 689–90;

credit in, 699n, 704, 718n, 720n, 722, 726, 747; distrust of index numbers, 701;

cost of gold and value of money, 702;

quantity theory, 704–5, 711;

lack of originality, 706;

as bullionist, 710–11, 1083n;

on monetary management schemes, 715;

in international trade theory, 731–2, 733, 738;

as imperfectly systematized, 1080;

Marshall’s and, 1083n

See also, above, Distribution theory, interest theory

Production theory:

divorce from distribution theory, 543;

competition in, 545n, 546, 976n;

entrepreneur in, 556–7;

3-factor schema, 560;

capital, 561, 632n, 640–45, 659;

and Say’s, Senior’s, Ricardo’s, Marshall’s, 569–70; law of diminishing returns in, 581, 672;

and Walras’, 1010n

Value theory:

necessary price, 189;

compromise between Ricardo’s and Say’s, 530; failure to present first, 542–3;

customary prices, 546;

definition of value, 589;

defects in, 603;

and Ricardo’s, 603, 604;

utility and difficulty of attainment, 603, 912n;

cost-of-production theory, 603;

supply-demand theory, 603–4;

and international trade theory, 611–15;

elimination of rent from, 673n

Works:

Autobiography, 528;

Essays on Some Unsettled Questions, 529;

On Liberty, 430, 528;

Logic, 449–52, 529, 530;

Principles, 382n, 444n, 449–51, 521n, 527–8, 530, 541–4;

Representative Government, 430

Miller, Harry E., 718, 739, 745

Millerand, Alexandre, 762

Milles, Thomas, 344, 362

Mills, John, 743

Mints, Lloyd Wynn, 718, 729, 1111

Mirabeau, Victor Riquetti, Marquis de, 175, 218, 223, 225, 227, 231, 239, 255, 256

Mises, Ludwig von, 63, 288, 701, 745, 844, 989, 1076, 1086–7, 1090, 1099, 1120–22, 1154, 1164 Misselden, Edward, 345–6, 350, 353, 355, 358, 361, 365

Mitchell, W.C., 1092, 1104, 1123–4, 1163–6

Mitscherlich, Eilhard Alfred, 588

Mixter, Charles Whitney, 469, 846

Modigliani, Franco, 1023, 1179, 1180, 1182

Mohl, Robert von, 159, 381

Moivre, Abraham de, 960

Molina, Luis de, 95–9, 101, 103, 105–6, 109–10, 112

Molinaeus, see Dumoulin, Charles

Molinari, Gustave de, 661, 841, 866

Mollien, François Nicolas, Comte, 402

Mombert, Paul, 584

Mommsen, Theodor, 425–6

Moncada, Sancho de, 168

Monroe, A.E., 95, 170, 194, 198, 239, 311

Montanari, Augusto, 179

Montanari, Geminiano, 292, 314

Montchrétien, Antoyne, 167, 359

Montesquieu, Charles Louis, 135, 136, 137, 184, 232, 253, 297, 389, 434, 537, 706

Moore, Henry Ludwell, 213, 876–7, 956, 958, 961–2, 967, 973, 994, 1133, 1161

Morandi, Carlo, 164

More, Sir Thomas, 206, 207, 305, 326, 979

Morellet, André, 123, 138, 389

Moret, Jacques, 957

Morgan, Conwy Lloyd, 797

Morgan, Edward Victor, 690

Morgan, Lewis Henry, 787

Morgenstern, Oskar, 305, 381, 1140

Morley, John Morley, Viscount, 398–9, 403

Morrow, G.R., 183

Mortimer, John, 157

Moser, Johann Jakob, 159

Möser, Justus von, 172

Müller, Adam Heinrich, 421–2, 428

Müller, Johannes Peter, 446, 796

Mun, Sir Thomas, 196, 283, 314, 337, 350, 351, 353, 356–8, 361, 363–5, 764 Muratori, Ludovico Antonino, 364

Myrdal, Gunnar, 1085, 1117, 1173

Nasse, Erwin, 1104

Nazzani, Emilio, 512

Nearing, Scott, 947

Nef, John U., 148

Neisser, Hans, 1109

Nell-Breuning, Ostwald von, 765

Neuman, John von, 305, 968, 1140

Newcomb, Simon, 865–6, 1108, 1115

Newmarch, William, 520, 524, 690

Newton, Isaac, 5, 20, 30, 118, 185, 990

Neymarck, Alfred, 248

Nichol, A.J., 958

Nicholls, Sir George, 271

Nicholson, J.S., 533, 830, 1076, 1081

Nicolini, Fausto, 300

Niebuhr, Barthold Georg, 426

Nitti, Francesco Saverio, 764

Nitzsch, Karl Wilhelm, 783

Nogaro, Bertrand, 1104

Nordenskiöld, Erik, 788

Norman, George Warde, 726, 745

North, Sir Dudley, 184, 196, 231, 328, 363, 365, 369–70, 375–6

North, Roger, 275

Norton, John Pease, 1080

Novalis, see Hardenberg, Friedrich von

Nowak, Jerzy, 349

Obrecht, Georg von, 165

O’Brien, G.A.T., 83, 516, 534, 655, 716

O’Connor, Michael J.L., 514

Oertman, Paul, 70

Ohlin, B., 612, 732, 1085, 1107, 1173, 1178

Oncken, August, 225, 228, 244

Opie, Redvers, 486

Oppenheimer, Franz, 140, 458, 583, 854–6, 890, 935, 965, 1154

Oresme, Nicole, 94, 99, 100

Ortes, G., 177, 178, 255, 259, 272, 293, 586

Ortiz, Luiz, 165, 194, 209

Osorio, Antonio, 957

Osse, Melchior von, 16;

Ostwald, Wilhelm, 388

Otte, Gerhard, 939

Overstone, Samuel Jones Loyd, 699–700, 704, 725–7, 739, 742–6, 1123 Owen, Robert, 455, 506

Paccioli, Luca, 156

Paley, William, 131, 256

Palgrave, R.H.Inglis, 690, 1080

Palmer, John Horsley, 697–8, 744

Palmieri, Giuseppe, 177

Palmieri, Mattheo, 162, 202

Pantaleoni, Maffeo, 510, 512, 829, 856–7, 859, 956, 967, 1082

Paoletti, Ferdinando, 373

Papillon, Thomas, 361

Paracelsus, see Hohenheim, T.B.von

Pareto, Vilfredo, and Sorel, 774n;

Mind and Society, 759n;

and Walras, 829, 858, 860–61, 888n, 952, 1062, 1142;

pointed beyond self, 840, 962, 1148, 1160;

and Austrian school, 850;

Paretian school, 855, 858;

sociology of, 859;

law of income distribution, 859, 961;

indifference curves, 859, 1044;

life sketch, 859–61;

as peculiar liberal, 860, 888;

as positivist and laicist, 860;

value theory, 860;

economic man in, 887n;

interest theory, 925, 968;

rent theory, 938n, 1050;

impression of originality, 953n;

on statistical implementation of theory, 962;

on competition, 972n, 973, 986;

duopoly, 981n, 982n;

theory of socialism, 986, 987;

on partial analyses, 991;

on cardinal and ordinal utility, 1003, 1062, 1063–4, 1142;

on marginal productivity, 1035, 1039;

on interpersonal comparisons, 1071;

and modern theory of consumers’ behavior, 1148;

and dynamics, 1160

Parieu, Félix Esquitou de, 1075–6

Parsons, Talcott, 80, 889

Paterson, William, 376

Patinkin, D., 1023

Patten, Simon Nelson, 876

Paulus, Julius, 70, 311

Pearson, Karl, 776, 790, 961

Pecchio, Giuseppe, 512

Peel, Sir Robert, 155, 398, 399, 616, 693–5, 699–700, 711, 718, 723, 725–31 Pegolotti, Francesco Balducci, 156

Péreire, Jacob Émile, 295, 321, 462

Péreire, Isaac, 295, 321, 462

Peri, Giovanni Domenico, 157

Persons, Warren M., 1165

Perwuschin, S.A., 1155, 1158

Pesch, Heinrich, S.J., 765

Petrarca, Francesco (Petrarch), 162

Petty, Sir William, as a theorist, 211;

unoriginality of, 213;

on velocity of money, 213, 316–17;

income analysis, 213;

relation of land and labor values, 214;

on value, 214;

on division of labor, 214;

interest theory, 215, 329;

on produced means of production, 217n;

and Cantillon, 218;

population theory, 219, 251, 253, 256, 258;

rent theory, 264;

wage theory, 267;

metallist theory of money, 290;

on seignorage, 298;

protectionism and unemployment, 350;

export surplus and multiplier, 359;

use of term ‘cycle,’ 742n

Petyt, William, 197, 251, 347, 350

Peuchet, Jacques, 138

Pfeiffer, Johann Friedrich von, 228

Phelps Brown, E.H., see Brown, E.H.Phelps

Philanglus, see Petyt, William

Philippovich, Eugen von, 241, 547, 844, 850, 853, 948

Phillips, Chester Arthur, 1116

Phinney, J.T., 1101

Picard, Alfred Maurice, 949

Picard, Roger, 266

Pierson, Nicolas Gerard, 861, 931

Pierstorff, Julius, 895

Pietri-Tonelli, Alfonso de, 858, 859

Pigou, A.C., 351, 650, 703, 790, 833, 834, 859, 942, 943–6, 948–9, 956, 966, 976, 978, 983, 986,

994, 1045, 1047, 1069–70, 1084, 1090, 1099, 1106, 1116, 1125, 1135, 1144, 1151, 1164 Pinto, Isaac de, 327

Pirenne, Henri, 83

Pirou, Gặtan, 843, 857, 859

Place, Francis, 453, 581

Plato, 54, 55, 56, 57, 59, 206, 207

Playfair, William, 526

Plekhanov, Georgii Valentinovich, 878

Pliny the Elder, 67

Pưhlmann, Robert von, 55

Poincaré, Jules Henri, 15, 776, 828, 1055

Poisson, Simeon-Denis, 448, 961

Pollexfen, John, 184, 196, 242, 329, 346–7, 350, 363–4, 719

Pollock, Sir Frederick, 107

Porta, Giovanna Battista della, 158

Porter, George R., 521

Postlethwayt, Malachy, 157, 184, 372

Potter, Robert, 275

Potter, William, 284, 294