AQUACULTURE & FISHERIES IN THE MEKONG DELTA - VIET NAM ppt

Major water bodies can be utilized for inland capture fisheries & aquaculture... • Flooded areas are common property --> free to every Inland Capture Fisheries 2... Utilization of river

AQUACULTURE & FISHERIES

A focuss on inland aquaculture &

inland capture fisheries

Dr Nguyen Thanh PhuongCollege of Aquaculture and Fisheries

Can Tho University, Viet Nam

Paper presented at the international workshop on:

Asian Water Environment at the University of Tokyo

26.3.2003

Introduction to

Map of the Mekong delta

• Total natural land area: 4 million ha (#12% of country), in which

• coastal area: 1.37 million hectares

• inland area: 1.77 million hectares

Map of Viet Nam

1995 2001

Aquaculture area (ha)

(General Statistics Office, 2001)

Production of inland capture fisheries and

aquaculture in the Mekong delta & Viet Nam

In 2001:

Inland aquaculture areas: 250,000 ha (47 % of the delta)

Inland aquaculture production: 248,468 MT (56 % of the delta)

Ecological Conditions

• Flat & low-lying region

• Dense rivers & canals (# 5,000 km)

• Affected heavily by water flow & sea tides

• Flooded annually:

• flood water flow: 40,000-42,000 m 3 /s

• large amount of sediments and aquatic seeds brough into the delta

• flood duration: from 2-6 months

• flood water level: 1-4 m

• coverage areas: 1.4-1.9 million hectares (8/12 provinces)

How to utilize flood water is a question?

Major Characteristics of the MD (1)

• Climate is governed by monseasonal regime > seperatedwet season (May - Oct.) & dry season (Nov - April)

• Mekong delta can be divided into different ecological

zones based on flood level, acidity & salinity >

aquaculture & fisheries development must reflect to this

Major characteristics of the MD (2)

Major water bodies can be utilized for

inland capture fisheries & aquaculture

Inland Capture Fisheries

• Depending on the nature of habitats such as:

• rivers, ponds & temporary flooded areas

• targeted species

• Subsistence and seasonal activities, but importance to a large number of households, particularly for households

in the annually flooded areas

• Flooded areas are common property > free to every

Inland Capture Fisheries (2)

Cast net

Trap net Lift net

Inland Aquaculture

Utilization of River Water for Aquaculture (1)

Large cage culture catfishes:

• No of cages: 5,000 cages (200-1,500 m 3 )

• Stocking density: 70-150 fingerling/m 3

• Culture species: P bocourti & P

Utilization of river water for aquaculture (2)

Small cage aquaculture of other species

• barb (Barbodes altus)

• snakehead (Chana micropeltes)

• goby (Oxyeleotris marmoratus)

Barbodes altus

Barbodes gonionotus

Utilization of River Water for Aquaculture (3)

Pen culture of catfish & prawn

• Total area: few hundred hectares

• Stocking density: 10-20 ind./m 2

• Culture species: P hypophthalmus & giant

freshwater prawn

• Feeds: home-made feeds and pellets

• Yield: 50-75 MT/ha/crop (for catfish) & 3-5

MT/ha/crop for prawn

• Number of crops: 1per year

Bamboo pen for catfish culture Bamboo pen for prawn culture

Giant freshwater prawn (M

rosenbergii)

Trash fish Feed cooking

Feeds and feeding for catfishes

O Feed ingredients: based on local supply

O Feeds: self-prepared feed + commercial pellets

O Feeding: manual + semi-auto

O Low costs but seasonal quality variation

A diagram of aquaculture combined with rice production

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3

rice crop 1 (rice crop 2)

Integrated prawn/fish & rice crop 2

Prawn/Fish culture during flood period

flooded period (rice crop 3)

Prawn/fish culture without rice crop 2

Rice cropping pattern

Utilization of Rice Fields &

Flooded Rice Fields for Aquaculture (1)

Integrated fish/prawn & rice production

• Total area: approximately 4,000 ha

• Stocking density: 2-5 individual/m 2

• Culture species: prawn, barbs, common carps, tilapia, catfishes

• Feed: manure, trash fish, snail, home-made feeds

• Yield: 0.4-0.8 tons/ha/crop (fish)

0.3-0.5 tons/ha/crop (prawn)

• Number of crop: One crop per year (4-6 months)

Utilization of Rice Fields &

Flooded Rice Fields for Aquaculture (2)

Alternative fish/prawn & rice production

• Total area: varying yearly, but being increased

• Stocking density: 5-10 ind./m 2

• Species: prawn, snakeskin gouramy, climbing perch

• Feed: manure, trash fish, snail, home-made feeds

• Yield: 0.6-0.9 tons/ha/crop

• Number of crop: one crop per year

Rice farming in dry season Fish/prawn culture in wet season

Utilization of Rice Fields &

Flooded Rice Fields for Aquaculture (3)

Pen culture of prawn & fishes

• Total area: a couple of thousands of ha

• Stocking density: 5-15 ind./m 2

• Culture species: prawn & fishes

• Feed: golden snail, trash fish, homhe-made feeds

• Yield: 3-5 tons/ha/crop

• Number of crops: one per year (4-6 months)

Net pen for prawn culture Net pen for prawn culture

Utilization of Rice Fields &

Flooded Rice Fields for Aquaculture(1)

• Number of crops: 1.5-2 per year

Utilization of Pond Water for Aquaculture (1)

• Inland aquaculture is dominated by large-scale catfishes & prawn farming These two commodities play an important role in regional & national economic development

• Inland capture fisheries, which is operated as subsistence and seasonal activities, & small-scale aquaculture are

important in poverty alleviation

• Flood-water influences both inland aquaculture & inland

capture fisheries > utilization of flood-water for

aquaculture & capture fisheries are very important

Water management for the Mekong Delta must reflect

the inland capture fisheries and aquaculture

Conclusion

Thank you for

your attention