Photoshop cs5 cho nhiếp ảnh gia part 37 pdf

The freesia flowers were in need of repair too, and the Patch tool was used there also.. I used the Patch tool in the Source mode and circled the area that needed repair, and then I move

Repairing Wings Using the Patch Tool (Continued)

When I raised the Papilio hoppo swallowtail butterfly I had to wait six weeks for this very

special, expensive, butterfly to hatch When it did, it immediately went to the carpet and just damaged its wings and knocked off many of it scales This is where the Patch tool came to the rescue I used it to repair all of the scale damage The freesia flowers were in need of repair too, and the Patch tool was used there also I used the Patch tool in the Source mode and circled the area that needed repair, and then I moved the circle to the area that I wanted to be picked up and used

To replace the missing tail, I used the Lasso to select the good tail I placed this selection on a new layer and then moved, flipped, and transformed it to make it appear natural Then I added

a layer mask to that layer and brushed in the background Most of the time, though, the Patch tool is all I need In fact I use the Patch tool so much I have changed the P key to give me the Patch tool as a shortcut Give it a try

Cs5 adds a new way to fix larger areas, called Content-aware fill the idea is

to use the same technology developed for the Content-aware spot Healing Brush, but

on larger areas to use Content-aware fill, take these steps:

1 Make a selection of the area to be replaced often you’ll do this using the Quick

selection tool, but you can make the selection any way that’s convenient

2 go to select > refine edge and choose settings to soften the edge and make the

selection slightly larger the actual numbers you use may vary according to the specifics of the image, but we often try setting smooth to 50 and shift edge

to 50%

3 go to edit > fill select Content-aware from the Use pop-up menu and click ok

the area you selected will be replaced by surrounding background pixels

When you zoom in to a higher magnification, you may discover that you need to do

more final touch up work nonetheless, Content-aware fill is a huge timesaver when

you’re faced with removing or filling in significant areas in an image We’ll put it to

use later in the chapter when we add canvas to an image

once you’re familiar with the tools, you’ve examined your photo, and you have

a layer available, you’re ready to put these tools to work to clean up your image

Removing Dust

in most cases, removing the spots created by dust and dirt on your camera’s imaging

sensor is a relatively easy job Create a new layer as described earlier, zoom in, and

begin carefully navigating throughout your image, checking for dust (see figure 5.21)

our first choice for removing these spots is the Content-aware spot Healing Brush in

repair mode for detailed areas and normal mode for less detailed areas at times you

Repairing Wings Using the Patch Tool (Continued)

When I raised the Papilio hoppo swallowtail butterfly I had to wait six weeks for this very

special, expensive, butterfly to hatch When it did, it immediately went to the carpet and just damaged its wings and knocked off many of it scales This is where the Patch tool came to the rescue I used it to repair all of the scale damage The freesia flowers were in need of repair too, and the Patch tool was used there also I used the Patch tool in the Source mode and circled the area that needed repair, and then I moved the circle to the area that I wanted to be picked up and used

To replace the missing tail, I used the Lasso to select the good tail I placed this selection on a new layer and then moved, flipped, and transformed it to make it appear natural Then I added

a layer mask to that layer and brushed in the background Most of the time, though, the Patch tool is all I need In fact I use the Patch tool so much I have changed the P key to give me the Patch tool as a shortcut Give it a try

may want to try it set for proximity with less detailed areas, and at other times you may find that the Clone stamp tool is a better choice You’ll know quickly whether one of the Healing brushes is going to work

Whether you’re using one of the Healing brushes or the Clone tool to remove dust spots, select a brush size just barely larger than the smallest dimension of the offending spot for example, if it’s a hair, the brush should be just wider than the width of the hair Click and drag the tool along the length of the hair to remove it

the brush doesn’t need to be large enough to cover the whole thing in one click in fact, more often than not you’ll run into trouble if you try to do that sometimes you need to zoom in even further and use a very tiny brush

the single most important trick to remember to successfully use these tools is

to click and then drag the cursor a smidge this avoids the appearance of “correction circles.”

an image of your own, and practice removing the dust spots

Figure 5.21 Carefully navigate through your picture at 100% magnification to find the dark blobs resulting

from dust on your camera’s sensor

Removing an Undesirable Object

eliminating an object—whether it be a branch, a bird, an animal part, or whatever

has crept uninvited into your image—is very similar to removing dust But doing a

good job requires finesse, patience, and practice in fact, careful cloning is actually an

advanced technique!

job well, no one should have a clue that anything was removed from the image

When you decide to remove an object from your image, you need to think even more like an artist imagine what the background would look like if you could see

through the offending object, and then work to create that background by using the

existing pixels in the rest of the picture or by borrowing pixels from another picture

the new Content-aware fill is a huge help as a starting place But don’t count on it

being a one-click solution Zoom in to 100% magnification and determine if you need

to modify the results with the Clone tool or one of the Healing brushes You’ll need to

work precisely and carefully with small brushes, balancing dragging the cursor with

resampling in some situations if the offending object is part of the background and

is up against (but not in front of) a foreground element (or vice versa), then

Content-aware fill may try to re-create the wrong elements in that case you’ll need to revert

to the Clone stamp tool and Healing brushes

there’s a trick to make it easy to remove an object that comes right up to your subject—for example, a stick that comes right up to a bird’s body, or another bird

that’s partially visible Before you do any cloning or healing, use the lasso tool or

another selection tool to carefully outline the part of the subject that you need to

pro-tect, and then make a loose selection into the area where you’ll be working, as shown

in figure 5.22 When you do your cloning and healing, photoshop does not allow the

effects to extend beyond the boundaries of the selection you just made that way, you

don’t have to worry about accidentally affecting your subject

Cloning from a Separate Image

You can use an entirely different image as the source for your cloning Open both images, making certain they are the same size, resolution, and color space Place your cursor on the image you want to copy from, and click while holding the Alt/Option key; then release the Alt/Option key, place the cursor on the other image where you’d like to replace the pixels, and click and drag

Cloning from a Separate Image

You can use an entirely different image as the source for your cloning Open both images, making certain they are the same size, resolution, and color space Place your cursor on the image you want to copy from, and click while holding the Alt/Option key; then release the Alt/Option key, place the cursor on the other image where you’d like to replace the pixels, and click and drag

Figure 5.22 By making a selection before you do your cloning or healing, you can protect your subject matter so you don’t

accidentally damage it while fixing another part of your image

after you have removed an object, look at the area even more carefully if you are creating something with distinct patterns or textures, such as grasses or ocean waves, you may need to work with the Healing Brush or Clone stamp tool at various opacities on top of the repaired area sample from a variety of different areas where the lighting, size, and direction of the textures match what you need to fill the spot By combining these different approaches and tools, you can create a very natural-looking replacement area

and remove the background pelicans while creating natural-looking water Don’t worry if it takes you more than one try It takes many people more practice than they think it will, but once you get the hang

of it, it’ll be an invaluable skill to have

Creating New Background on Empty Canvas

sometimes your subject is too tight in the frame, whether because you framed it poorly, the subject moved, you cropped the image, or you had too long a lens for the subject no matter what the cause, you can add canvas to remedy the situation and

the easiest way to add canvas is to use the Crop tool and extend the boundary beyond the edges of the image You’ll be visually determining how much canvas to add

photoshop will create the extra canvas using the background color in the Color picker

to increase the canvas size a specific amount, choose image > Canvas size (ele-ments users can find canvas resizing under image > resize > Canvas size.) the dialog

tells you the current size of your image in that dialog, take the following actions:

1 Check the relative box this tells photoshop that the number you put in the

box is the number of inches or pixels (depending on the unit you choose) to add

to your image

2 fill in the desired increase in pixels or inches

3 to specify where to add the additional canvas (top, bottom, right, or left), click

in the anchor area (shown here) to anchor the image on one or two sides in this way, you can choose to add canvas to one, two, three, or four sides of your image, depending on where you anchor it

4 (optional in Cs5 if using Content-aware fill.) You can also specify what color

to make this new canvas:

a to get a jump-start on creating a new background, choose other from the

drop-down menu this opens the Color picker dialog

b the cursor turns into an eyedropper icon; click a similar background color

in the image

c Click ok in the Color picker dialog.

5 Click ok in the Canvas size dialog Your newly added canvas starts out in a

similar color to what will be needed

in Cs5, select the new canvas using the Quick select tool, then go to edit >

fill > Use Content-aware fill to get a head start on re-creating the background You’ll

still need to zoom in and apply some finishing touches with the Healing Brushes and

Clone stamp, but the chances are that photoshop will have done much of the work for

you, as shown in figure 5.23

if you don’t use Content-aware fill, then you’ll use the Healing Brush tools in replace mode or the Clone stamp tool to begin from scratch to create the patterns

and tonalities that you would expect to see there don’t forget to alternate among

the tools and modes as necessary again, you’re going to have to use some artistic

imagination to visualize how this additional background might have looked and then

create it from pixels in other places in your image or by sampling pixels from similar

images

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and try adding canvas while making the background appear natural

We’ve covered a lot of territory in this chapter, beginning with deciding on a workflow, followed by the initial steps we routinely take in optimizing our images

each step is a building block to make your final image the best it can be in the next

chapter, we’ll cover ways to improve the exposure to maximize the detail and impact

of your image

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