The A to Z of the Vikings 35 ppsx

“Who were the first Vikings?” In Proceedings of the Tenth Viking Congress, Larkollen, Norway, 1985, edited by James E.. “Peace and non-peace in the Viking Age: Ottar in Biarmaland, the R

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C Articles

Eldjárn, Kristján “The Vikings: Some introductory remarks.” In The Vikings: Proceedings of the Symposium of the Faculty of Arts of Uppsala University, June 6–9, 1977, edited by Thorsten Andersson and Karl Inge Sandred,

11–20 Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1978

Fell, Christine E “Old English wicing: A question of semantics.” Proceedings

of the British Academy 72 (1986): 295–316.

——— “Modern English Viking.” Leeds Studies in English 18 (1987): 111–23 Hødnebø, Finn “Who were the first Vikings?” In Proceedings of the Tenth Viking Congress, Larkollen, Norway, 1985, edited by James E Knirk, 43–54.

Universitets Oldsaksamlings Skrifter, new series, 9 Oslo: Universitets Old-saksamling, 1987

Lund, Niels “Allies of God or man? The Viking expansion in a European

per-spective.” Viator 20 (1989): 45–59.

——— “Peace and non-peace in the Viking Age: Ottar in Biarmaland, the Rus

in Byzantium, and Danes and Norwegians in England.” In Proceedings of the Tenth Viking Congress, Larkollen, Norway, 1985, edited by James E Knirk,

255–69 Universitets Oldsaksamlings Skrifter, new series, 9 Oslo: Univer-sitets Oldsaksamling, 1987

Sawyer, Peter H “Causes of the Viking Age.” In The Vikings, edited by R T.

Farrell, 1–7 London: Phillimore, 1992

Thorson, P “A new interpretation of ‘viking’.” In Proceedings of the Sixth Viking Congress, edited by Peter Foote and Dag Strömbäck, 101–4 Uppsala:

Almqvist & Wiksell, 1969

Wormald, C P “Viking studies: Whence and whither?” In The Vikings, edited

by R T Farrell, 128–53 London: Phillimore, 1982

IV SCANDINAVIA

A General

Lund, Niels “Scandinavia, c 700–1066.” In The New Cambridge Medieval History, vol 2, c 700–c 900, edited by Rosamond McKitterick, 202–27.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995

Page, R I “Scandinavian society, 800–1100: The contribution of runic

stud-ies.” In Viking Revaluations, edited by Anthony Faulkes and Richard

Perkins, 145–59 London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 1993 Price, Neil S “The Scandinavian landscape: People and environment.” In

Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga, edited by William W Fitzhugh and

Elisa-beth I Ward, 31–41 Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution, 2000

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Roesdahl, Else “The Scandinavian kingdoms.” In From Viking to Crusader: Scandinavia and Europe 800–1200, edited by Else Roesdahl and David M.

Wilson, 32–41 The 22nd Council of Europe Exhibition Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministers and The Council of Europe, 1992

Sawyer, Birgit and Peter Medieval Scandinavia: From Conversion to Refor-mation, circa 800–1500 Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press,

1993

Sawyer, Peter “Scandinavia in the Viking Age.” In Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga, edited by William W Fitzhugh and Elisabeth I Ward, 27–30

Wash-ington DC: Smithsonian Institution, 2000

——— “Cnut’s Scandinavian empire.” In The Reign of Cnut: King of England, Denmark and Norway, edited by Alexander R Rumble, 10–26 [including an

appendix on “The evidence of Scandinavian runic inscriptions” by Birgit Sawyer] London: Leicester University Press, 1994

Zachrisson, Inger “Saamis and Scandinavians: Examples of interaction.” In

The Twelfth Viking Congress: Developments Around the Baltic and the North Sea in the Viking Age, edited by Björn Ambrosiani and Helen Clarke,

173–79 Birka Studies, 3 Stockholm: Riksantikvarieämbetet and Statens Historiska Museer, 1994

B Denmark

Becker, C J “Viking Age villages and ‘manors’ in Denmark: Recent

discover-ies.” In Proceedings of the Eighth Viking Congress, Århus, 24–31 August

1977, edited by Hans Bekker-Nielsen, Peter Foote, and Olaf Olsen, 25–36 Odense: Odense University Press, 1981

Feveile, Claus “The latest news from Viking Age Ribe: Archaeological

exca-vations 1993.” In The Twelfth Viking Congress: Developments Around the Baltic and the North Sea in the Viking Age, edited by Björn Ambrosiani and

Helen Clarke, 91–99 Birka Studies, 3 Stockholm: Riksantikvarieämbetet and Statens Historiska Museer, 1994

Jensen, Jørgen Steen “Do the coin finds of recent years change our ideas about

the character of monetary circulation in Denmark in the Viking Age?” In The Twelfth Viking Congress: Developments Around the Baltic and the North Sea

in the Viking Age, edited by Björn Ambrosiani and Helen Clarke, 237–41.

Birka Studies, 3 Stockholm: Riksantikvarieämbetet and Statens Historiska Museer, 1994

Jensen, Stig The Vikings of Ribe Ribe: Den antikvariske Samling, 1991 Lund, Niels “Cnut’s Danish kingdom.” In The Reign of Cnut: King of England, Denmark and Norway, edited by Alexander R Rumble, 27–42 London:

Leicester University Press, 1994

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——— “Danish military organization.” In The Battle of Maldon: Fiction and Fact, edited by Janet Cooper, 109–26 London: Hambledon, 1993.

Madsen, H J “Introduction to Viking Århus.” In Proceedings of the Eighth Viking Congress, Århus, 24–31 August 1977, edited by Hans

Bekker-Nielsen, Peter Foote, and Olaf Olsen, 69–72 Odense: Odense University Press, 1981

Randsborg, Klavs The Viking Age in Denmark: The Formation of a State

Lon-don: Duckworth, 1980

Roesdahl, Else “Dendrochronology and Viking studies in Denmark, with a

note on the beginning of the Viking Age.” In The Twelfth Viking Congress: Developments Around the Baltic and the North Sea in the Viking Age, edited

by Björn Ambrosiani and Helen Clarke, 106–16 Birka Studies, 3 Stock-holm: Riksantikvarieämbetet and Statens Historiska Museer, 1994

——— “Pagan beliefs, Christian impact and archaeology: A Danish view.” In

Viking Revaluations, edited by Anthony Faulkes and Richard Perkins,

128–36 London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 1993

——— “Aggersborg in the Viking Age.” In Proceedings of the Eighth Viking Congress, Århus, 24–31 August 1977, edited by Hans Bekker-Nielsen,

Pe-ter Foote, and Olaf Olsen, 107–22 Odense: Odense University Press, 1981

Sørensen, John Kousgård “Toponymic evidence for administrative divisions in

Denmark in the Viking Age.” In The Vikings: Proceedings of the Symposium

of the Faculty of Arts of Uppsala University, June 6–9, 1977, edited by

Thorsten Andersson and Karl Inge Sandred, 133–41 Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1978

C Norway

Andersen, Per Sveaas Vikings of the West: The Expansion of Norway in the Early Middle Ages 2nd ed Sandnes: Aase Grafiske, 1985.

Blindheim, Charlotte “Introduction [to Viking-Age Viken, in southeast

Nor-way].” In Proceedings of the Tenth Viking Congress, Larkollen, Norway,

1985, edited by James E Knirk, 27–42 Universitets Oldsaksamlings

Skrifter, new series, 9 Oslo: Universitets Oldsaksamling, 1987

Bonde, Niels, and Arne Emil Christensen “Dendrochronological dating of the

Viking Age ship burials at Oseberg, Gokstad and Tune, Norway.” Antiquity

67 (1993): 575–83

Halvorsen, Eyvind Fjeld “East Norway in the sagas.” In Proceedings of the Tenth Viking Congress, Larkollen, Norway, 1985, edited by James E Knirk,

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Helle, Knut “A history of the early Viking Age in Norway.” In Ireland and Scandinavia in the Early Viking Age, edited by Howard B Clarke et al.,

239–58 Dublin: Four Courts, 1998

——— “Norway, 800–1200.” In Viking Revaluations, edited by Anthony

Faulkes and Richard Perkins, 1–14 London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 1993

Kaland, Sigrid H H “Viking/medieval settlement in the heathland area of

Nordhordland.” In Proceedings of the Tenth Viking Congress, Larkollen, Norway, 1985, edited by James E Knirk, 171–90 Universitets

Oldsaksam-lings Skrifter, new series, 9 Oslo: Universitets Oldsaksamling, 1987 Martens, Irmelin “Norwegian Viking Age weapons: Some questions

concern-ing their production and distribution.” In The Twelfth Vikconcern-ing Congress: De-velopments Around the Baltic and the North Sea in the Viking Age, edited by

Björn Ambrosiani and Helen Clarke, 180–82 Birka Studies, 3 Stockholm: Riksantikvarieämbetet and Statens Historiska Museer, 1994

——— “Iron extraction, settlement and trade in the Viking and early Middle

Ages in south Norway.” In Proceedings of the Tenth Viking Congress, Larkollen, Norway, 1985, edited by James E Knirk, 69–80 Universitets

Old-saksamlings Skrifter, new series, 9 Oslo: Universitets Oldsaksamling, 1987 Munch, Gerd Stamsø, Olav Sverre Johansen, and Ingegerd Larsen “Borg in

Lofoten: A chieftain’s farm in Arctic Norway.” In Proceedings of the Tenth Viking Congress, Larkollen, Norway, 1985, edited by James E Knirk,

Myhre, Bjørn “The archaeology of the early Viking Age in Norway.” In Ire-land and Scandinavia in the Early Viking Age, edited by Howard B Clarke

et al., 3–36 Dublin: Four Courts, 1998

Resi, Heid Gjøstein “Reflections on Viking Age local trade in stone products.”

In Proceedings of the Tenth Viking Congress, Larkollen, Norway, 1985,

ed-ited by James E Knirk, 95–102 Universitets Oldsaksamlings Skrifter, new series, 9 Oslo: Universitets Oldsaksamling, 1987

Stalsberg, Anne “The Russian-Norwegian sword project.” In The Twelfth Viking Congress: Developments Around the Baltic and the North Sea in the Viking Age, edited by Björn Ambrosiani and Helen Clarke, 183–89 Birka

Studies, 3 Stockholm: Riksantikvarieämbetet and Statens Historiska Museer, 1994

Wamers, Egon “Insular finds in Viking Age Scandinavia and the state

forma-tion of Norway.” In Ireland and Scandinavia in the Early Viking Age, edited

by Howard B Clarke et al., 37–72 Dublin: Four Courts, 1998

Weber, Birthe “Vesle Hjerkinn—A Viking Age mountain lodge?: A preliminary

report.” In Proceedings of the Tenth Viking Congress, Larkollen, Norway,

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D Sweden

Ambrosiani, Björn “Royal manors and towns in central Sweden.” In Proceed-ings of the Tenth Viking Congress, Larkollen, Norway, 1985, edited by James

E Knirk, 247–53 Universitets Oldsaksamlings Skrifter, new series, 9 Oslo: Universitets Oldsaksamling, 1987

——— “Birka: A planted town serving an increasing agricultural population.”

In Proceedings of the Eighth Viking Congress, Århus, 24–31 August 1977,

edited by Hans Bekker-Nielsen, Peter Foote, and Olaf Olsen, 19–24 Odense: Odense University Press, 1981

Ambrosiani, Björn, and Helen Clarke, eds Early Investigations and Future Plans Birka Studies, 1 Stockholm: Riksantikvarieämbetet och Statens

His-toriska Museer, 1992

——— Investigations in the Black Earth 1990 Birka Studies, 2 Stockholm:

Riksantikvarieämbetet och Statens Historiska Museer, 1995

Arwidsson, Greta “Viking society in central Sweden: Traditions, organization

and economy.” In The Vikings: Proceedings of the Symposium of the Faculty

of Arts of Uppsala University, June 6–9, 1977, edited by Thorsten Andersson

and Karl Inge Sandred, 154–60 Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1978 Göransson, Sölve “Viking Age traces in Swedish systems for territorial

organiza-tion and land division.” In The Vikings: Proceedings of the Symposium of the Faculty of Arts of Uppsala University, June 6–9, 1977, edited by Thorsten

An-dersson and Karl Inge Sandred, 142–53 Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1978 Lindkvist, Thomas “Social and political power in Sweden 1000–1300:

Preda-tory incursions, royal taxation, and the formation of a feudal state.” In Social Approaches to Viking Studies, edited by Ross Samson, 137–46 Glasgow:

Cruithne, 1991

Löfving, Carl “Who ruled the region east of the Skagerrak in the eleventh

cen-tury?” In Social Approaches to Viking Studies, edited by Ross Samson,

147–56 Glasgow: Cruithne, 1991

Sawyer, P H The Making of Sweden Alingsås: Viktoria, 1988.

V NORTH ATLANTIC COLONIES (EXCLUDING THE BRITISH ISLES)

A General

Batey, Collen E., Judith Jesch, and Christopher D Morris, eds The Viking Age

in Caithness, Orkney and the North Atlantic: Select Papers from the

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Pro-ceedings of the Eleventh Viking Congress, Thurso and Kirkwall, 22 August–

1 September 1989 Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1993.

Bertlesen, Reidar, and Raymond G Lamb “Settlement mounds in the North

Atlantic.” In The Viking Age in Caithness, Orkney and the North Atlantic,

ed-ited by Colleen Batey et al., 544–54 Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1993

Buckland, Paul C “The North Atlantic environment.” In Vikings: The North At-lantic Saga, edited by William W Fitzhugh and Elisabeth I Ward, 146–53.

Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution, 2000

Buckland, Paul C., Jon P Sadler, and David N Smith “An insect’s eye-view of

the Norse farm.” In The Viking Age in Caithness, Orkney and the North At-lantic, edited by Colleen Batey et al., 506–27 Edinburgh: Edinburgh

Uni-versity Press, 1993

Fitzhugh, William W., and Elisabeth I Ward, eds Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution, 2000.

Magnússon, Thór, Símun V Arge, and Jette Arneborg “New lands in the North

Atlantic.” In From Viking to Crusader: Scandinavia and Europe 800–1200,

edited by Else Roesdahl and David M Wilson, 52–61 The 22nd Council of Europe Exhibition Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministers and The Council of Europe, 1992

Morris, Christopher D., and D James Rackham, eds Norse and Later Settle-ment and Subsistence in the North Atlantic Glasgow: DepartSettle-ment of

Ar-chaeology, University of Glasgow, 1992

Rafnsson, Sveinbjörn “The Atlantic islands.” In The Oxford Illustrated History

of the Vikings, edited by Peter Sawyer, 110–33 Oxford: Oxford University

Press, 1997

B Faroe Islands

Arge, Símun V “Vikings in the Faeroe Islands.” In Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga, edited by William W Fitzhugh and Elisabeth I Ward, 154–63

——— “On the landnam of the Faroe Islands.” In The Viking Age in Caithness, Orkney and the North Atlantic, edited by Colleen Batey et al., 465–72

Ed-inburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1993

Dahl, Sverri “The Norse settlement of the Faroe Islands.” Medieval Archaeol-ogy 14 (1970): 60–73.

Debes, Hans Jacob “Problems concerning the earliest settlement in the Faroe

Is-lands.” In The Viking Age in Caithness, Orkney and the North Atlantic, edited

by Colleen Batey et al., 454–64 Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1993 Hansen, Steffen Stummann “Viking-Age Faroe Islands and their southern links in

the light of recent finds at Toftanes, Leirvik.” In The Viking Age in Caithness,

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Orkney and the North Atlantic, edited by Colleen Batey et al., 473–86

Edin-burgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1993

Mahler, Ditlev L D “Shielings and their role in the the Viking-Age economy:

New evidence from the Faroe Islands.” In The Viking Age in Caithness, Orkney and the North Atlantic, edited by Colleen Batey et al., 487–505

Ed-inburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1993

Thorsteinsson, Arne “On the development of Faroese settlements.” In Pro-ceedings of the Eighth Viking Congress, Århus, 24–31 August 1977, edited

by Hans Bekker-Nielsen, Peter Foote, and Olaf Olsen, 189–202 Odense: Odense University Press, 1981

C Iceland

Aðalsteinsson, Jón Hnefill Under the Cloak: The Acceptance of Christianity in Iceland with Particular Reference to the Attitudes Prevailing at the Time

Up-psala: Etnologiska institutionen, Uppsala universitet, 1978

Benediktsson, Jakob “Some problems in the history of the settlement of

Ice-land.” In The Vikings: Proceedings of the Symposium of the Faculty of Arts

of Uppsala University, June 6–9, 1977, edited by Thorsten Andersson and

Karl Inge Sandred, 161–65 Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1978

Byock, Jesse L Viking Age Iceland London: Penguin, 2001.

——— Medieval Iceland: Society, Sagas, and Power Enfield: Hisarlik, 1993 Foote, P G “On the conversion of the Icelanders.” In Aurvandilstá, edited by

Michael P Barnes et al., 56–64 Odense: Odense University Press, 1984

Jóhannesson, Jón Íslendinga Saga: The History of the Old Icelandic Common-wealth Winnipeg: University of Manitoba Press, 1974.

Kristjánsson, Jónas Eddas and Sagas: Iceland’s Medieval Literature

Reyk-javik: Hiðíslenska bókmenntafélag, 1997

Ólafsson, Guðmundur “þingnes by Elliðavatn: The first local assembly in

Ice-land?” In Proceedings of the Tenth Viking Congress, Larkollen, Norway,

Sigurðsson, Gísli Gaelic Influence in Iceland: Historical and Literary Con-tacts 2nd ed Reykjavik: University of Iceland Press, 2000.

Thorláksson, Helgi “The Icelandic Commonwealth period: Building a new

soci-ety.” In Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga, edited by William W Fitzhugh and

Elisabeth I Ward, 175–85 Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution, 2000

Turville-Petre, E O Gabriel Origins of Icelandic Literature Oxford:

Claren-don Press, 1953

Vésteinsson, Orri “The archaeology of landnám: Early settlement in Iceland.”

In Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga, edited by William W Fitzhugh and

Elis-abeth I Ward, 164–74 Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution, 2000

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D Greenland

Arneborg, Jette “Greenland and Europe.” In Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga,

edited by William W Fitzhugh and Elisabeth I Ward, 304–17 Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution, 2000

Arneborg, Jette, and Kirsten A Seaver “Norse Greenland: From Vikings to

Norsemen.” In Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga, edited by William W.

Fitzhugh and Elisabeth I Ward, 281–84 Washington DC: Smithsonian In-stitution, 2000

Berglund, Joel “The Farm Beneath the Sand.” In Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga, edited by William W Fitzhugh and Elisabeth I Ward, 295–303

Buckland, P C., T H McGovern, J P Sadler, and P Skidmore “Twig layers, floors and middens: Recent palaeoecological research in the Western

Settle-ment, Greenland.” In The Twelfth Viking Congress: Developments Around the Baltic and the North Sea in the Viking Age, edited by Björn Ambrosiani

and Helen Clarke, 132–43 Birka Studies, 3 Stockholm: Riksantikvarieäm-betet and Statens Historiska Museer, 1994

Gulløv, Hans Christian “Natives and Norse in Greenland.” In Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga, edited by William W Fitzhugh and Elisabeth I Ward,

318–26 Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution, 2000

Halldórsson, Ólafur “The conversion of Greenland in written sources.” In Pro-ceedings of the Eighth Viking Congress, Århus, 24–31 August 1977, edited

by Hans Bekker-Nielsen, Peter Foote, and Olaf Olsen, 203–16 Odense: Odense University Press, 1981

Lynnerup, Niels “Life and death in Norse Greenland.” In Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga, edited by William W Fitzhugh and Elisabeth I Ward, 285–94.

McGovern, Thomas H “The demise of Norse Greenland.” In Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga, edited by William W Fitzhugh and Elisabeth I Ward,

Stoklund, Marie “Greenland runes: Isolation or cultural contact?” In The Viking Age in Caithness, Orkney and the North Atlantic, edited by Colleen

Batey et al., 528–43 Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1993

E North America

Cox, Steven L “A Norse penny from Maine.” In Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga, edited by William W Fitzhugh and Elisabeth I Ward, 206–7

Foote, P G “On the Vínland legends on The Vinland Map.” Saga-Book 17:1

(1966): 73–89

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Haugen, Einar “Was Vinland in Newfoundland?” In Proceedings of the Eighth Viking Congress, Århus, 24–31 August 1977, edited by Hans Bekker-Nielsen,

Peter Foote, and Olaf Olsen, 3–8 Odense: Odense University Press, 1981

Ingstad, Anne Stine The Discovery of a Norse Settlement in America: Excava-tions at L’Anse aux Meadows, Newfoundland 1961–1968 Oslo: Norwegian

University Press, 1977

Ingstad, Helge Westward to Vinland: The Discovery of Pre-Columbian Norse House-Sites in North America London: BCA, 1969.

Perkins, R M “Norse implications.” In H Wallis et al “The Strange Case of

the Vinland Map.” The Geographical Journal 140 (1974): 199–205 Schledermann, Peter “Ellesmere: Vikings in the Far North.” In Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga, edited by William W Fitzhugh and Elisabeth I Ward,

Sigurðsson, Gísli “A introduction to the Vinland Sagas: Greenlanders’ Saga and Erik the Red’s Saga.” In Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga, edited by

William W Fitzhugh and Elisabeth I Ward, 219–24 Washington DC: Smith-sonian Institution, 2000

——— “The quest for Vinland in saga scholarship.” In Vikings: The North At-lantic Saga, edited by William W Fitzhugh and Elisabeth I Ward, 232–37.

Sutherland, Patricia D “The Norse and Native North Americans.” In Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga, edited by William W Fitzhugh and Elisabeth I.

Ward, 238–47 Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution, 2000

Wahlgren, Erik The Vikings and America London: Thames & Hudson, 1986.

Wallace, Birgitta Linderoth “The Viking settlement at L’Anse aux Meadows.”

In Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga, edited by William W Fitzhugh and

Elis-abeth I Ward, 208–16 Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution, 2000

——— “An archaeologist’s interpretation of the Vinland Sagas.” In Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga, edited by William W Fitzhugh and Elisabeth I.

Ward, 225–31 Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution, 2000

——— “The Vikings in North America: Myth and reality.” In Social Approaches

to Viking Studies, edited by Ross Samson, 206–20 Glasgow: Cruithne, 1991 Washburn, W., ed Proceedings of the Vinland Map Conference Chicago:

Uni-versity of Chicago Press, 1971

VI THE BRITISH ISLES

A General

Barnes, Michael P “Aspects of the Scandinavian runes of the British Isles.” In

Roman, Runes and Ogham, edited by John Higgitt et al., 103–11 Donington:

Shaun Tyas, 2001

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——— “Norse in the British Isles.” In Viking Revaluations, edited by Anthony

Faulkes and Richard Perkins, 65–85 London: Viking Society for Northern Research, 1993

Batey, Colleen, and John Sheehan “Viking expansion and cultural blending in

Britain and Ireland.” In Vikings: The North Atlantic Saga, edited by William

W Fitzhugh and Elisabeth I Ward, 127–41 Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution, 2000

Crawford, Barbara E., ed Conversion and Christianity in the North Sea World.

St John’s House Publications, 8 St Andrews: Committee for Dark Ages Studies, University of St Andrews, 1998

——— Scandinavian Settlement in Northern Britain London: Leicester

Uni-versity Press, 1995

Fellows-Jensen, Gillian “The Vikings’ relationship with Christianity in the

British Isles: The evidence of place-names containing the element kirkja.” In Proceedings of the Tenth Viking Congress, Larkollen, Norway, 1985, edited

by James E Knirk, 295–307 Universitets Oldsaksamlings Skrifter, new se-ries, 9 Oslo: Universitets Oldsaksamling, 1987

Hall, Richard A Viking Age Archaeology in Britain and Ireland Princes

Ris-borough: Shire, 1990

Holman, Katherine “Scandinavian runic inscriptions as a source for the history

of the British Isles: The St Paul’s rune-stone.” In Runeninschriften als Quellen interdisziplinärer Forschung, edited by Klaus Düwel, 629–38.

Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1998

——— Scandinavian Runic Inscriptions in the British Isles: Their Historical Context Senter for middelalder studier, 4 Trondheim: Tapir, 1996.

Loyn, H R The Vikings in Britain London: BCA, 1977.

Smyth, Alfred P Scandinavian Kings in the British Isles, 850–880 Oxford:

Ox-ford University Press, 1977

Wilson, David M., with Richard Hall “The Scandinavians in Britain and

Ire-land.” In From Viking to Crusader: Scandinavia and Europe 800–1200,

ed-ited by Else Roesdahl and David M Wilson, 96–105 The 22nd Council of Europe Exhibition Copenhagen: Nordic Council of Ministers and The Council of Europe, 1992

B England

Abrams, Lesley “Edward the Elder’s Danelaw.” In Edward the Elder 899–924,

edited by N J Higham and D H Hill, 128–43 London: Routledge, 2001

——— “The conversion of the Danelaw.” In Vikings and the Danelaw: Select Papers from the Proceedings of the Thirteenth Viking Congress, edited by

James Graham-Campbell et al., 31–44 Oxford: Oxbow, 2001

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