000061880 BUILDING AN APPLICATION FOR MOBILE PHONE USING ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM XÂY DỰNG ỨNG DỤNG CHO ĐIỆN THOẠI DI ĐỘNG SỬ DỤNG HỆ ĐIỀU HÀNH ANDROID

000061880 BUILDING AN APPLICATION FOR MOBILE PHONE USING ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM XÂY DỰNG ỨNG DỤNG CHO ĐIỆN THOẠI DI ĐỘNG SỬ DỤNG HỆ ĐIỀU HÀNH ANDROID

BƯILDING AN APPLICATION FOR MOBILE PHONE

USING ANDROID OPERATĨNG SYSTEM

Graduation Thesis Submitted to

H anoi U niversity

For the degree o f

B achelor o f C om puter Science

THƯ VIỆN ĐẠI HỌC HÁ NỘI HANOIUMIVERSITY IIBRARY

T a b l e o f C o n te n ts

Acknovvledgements ii

Table o f Contents iii

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1

CHAPTER 2: ANDROID OPERATING SYSTEM 3

2.1 What is Android? 3

2.2 Android history 4

2.3 Android features 5

2.4 Android architectures 7

2.5 Pros and Cons 10

2.6 Potential o f Android 12

2.7 Mobile o s comparison 14

CHAPTER 3 ANDROID DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONM EN 16

3.1 Purpose 16

3.2 Installing 16

3.3 Basic knovvledge 23

CHAPTER 4: PRODUCTION REPORT 27

4 1 Introduction to “Dò mìn Piggy” 27

4.2 Analyze 27

4.3 Design 29

4.4 Coding 30

4.5 Final product 39

4.6 How to import Android prọịect 40

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION 41

(This page xvas left blank intentionally)

d ev đ o p ed and because o f that, a cellphone is not ju st a regular phone an y m ore, it has becem e a sm artphone A sm artphone is a m obile phone that can be served as a PDA (Personal Digital A ssistant) A norm al sm ariphone allow user to access to the internet, read digital docum ent, listen to m usic, take a photo, play gam es, vvatch m ovie and many other íunctions In the future, sm artphone w ill becom e the prim ary media used

by hum an to com m unicate and w ork So in order to prepare for this “ future” , many organization including softw are com panies, m obile phone carriers and gam e studios have started to dev elop in g m obile o s and applications

1.2 T h e r isin g o f A n d r o id

T he problem is that there are so m any m obile o s for developers to choose so somc m iglii not knovv vvhiuh onc is thc best potcntial pỉatfonn C urrcntly thcrc tuc 6 prim ary m obile o s and they are A pple i o s , R IM B lackB erry, G oogle Android,

M icrosoữ W indow s P hone 7 and N okia Sym bian A ndroid is a sm artphone o s and it has a very im pressive grow th Last year, N ielso n ’s w ebsite (2010) reported that Android hold about 22,7% o f the sm artphone m arket shares along w ith A pple iOS in íirst place and R IM B lackB erry in second A nd now , com Score’s w ebsite (2011) clarified that A ndroid led am ong sm artphone platform vvith 33 per cent o f the u s

m a ite t share M any analysts predicted that the G oogle’s m obile o s could reach for 39,5% by the end o f 2011 and 45% by 2016 (A B I R esearch, 2011)

1.3 Aim re s e a rc h

T he purpose o f this research is to study about A ndroid O perating system include

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w ith a sim ple self-created application on A ndroid-pow ered m obile phone for exam ple,

d evelop a sim ple application on Android-povvered mobile phone, and guide how to build a system th at is optim ized for A ndroid program m ers M aking an Android application can b e im portant for future m obile program m ers since it can eam many

p ro íìts and should be invested as soon as possible

T o carry o u t this research, A ndroid Developm ent Kit and Eclipse are used to

m ake an A ndroid application A ndroid D eveloper’s w ebsite (n.d) stated that they are the best Softw are D evelopm ent Kit (SD K ) for beginners A lso, it is easy to install

A ndroid w orking environm ent and develop a sim ple program by using Online reíerence

1.4 R ea so n cb o o se th is to p ic

M obile application developer is one o f the m ost potential jo b and A ndroid is now very popular am ong m any other O perating System D eveloping an A ndroid application is easy, fast and can make the m ost proíit from the application market

P rod u ct w ill becom e m ore diversifíed and encourage consum ers to buy more

sm artphone, th en softw are com panies and handset m anufacturers w ill start investing

in the process by hiring A ndroid developers

In V ietnam , A ndroid phone are starting to attract young people b ecause o f its íunctions and app licatio n s (V uong L, 2011) Soon, traditional cellphone w ill be

phone using Android Operatỉng System” research was conducted

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B U IL D IN G A N A PPLICATIO N FOR M O B II.E PHONIỈ USING A N D R O ID 201 1

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2.2 A n d ro id h isto ry

In 2005, G oogle, Inc acquircd a little-known com pany nam ed A ndroid Inc Som e developers from A ndroid, Inc vvent to G oogle an d began developing Linux- based operating system s for cell phones and o ther m obile devices Their main

m arketing targets w ere handset m akers and carriers The purpose o f this prọịect was to

m ake an easy operating system that was ílexible and upgradeable at the sam e time (B eavis G 2008)

O n N ovem ber 2007, several com panies including G oogle, H TC , M otorola, Intel, Q ualcom m , Sprint Nextel, T-M obile and N V ID IA cam e together to form the

O pen H andset A lliance - a global alliance betw een technology and m obile industry leaders (W ikipedia, 2011) They stated their goal for developing open standards for

m obile devices, and unveiled their new product: A ndroid - a new m obile device platform built on a m odiíĩed version o f the Linux kem el M ost o f the m em bers also have the goal o f m aking m oney írorn A ndroid, either by selling phones, phone Service

o r m obile applications (K arch M , n.d)

A ndroid has been available as open-source softw are since O ctober 2008 Google released the source code including netvvork and telephony stacks under the Apache License 2, a v ery open and nonrestrictive license Private com panies are ữ e e lo add their ow n application, extensions, use the source code, build system and sell them

w ithout having to subm it them to the open-source com m unity E ven though Android

tradem ark unless G oogle certiíĩes that the device com plies w ith their Android

C om patibility D etm ition D ocum ent (Z echner M, 2011)

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Figure 2: T he A ndroid logo represented in a green robot w ith its custom typeface

D evices m ust also m eet th is deĩm ition to be eligible to G oogle’s closed-source applications, including A ndroid M arket C urrently there are 5 version o f A ndroid and

G oogle nam ed them after dessert items vvhich are Éclair (2.1), Froyo (2.2),

G ingerbread (2.3 and 2.4) and H oneycom b (3.0) w hich is developed only for tablet (W ikipedia 2011)

2.3 A n d ro id ĩe a tu re s

A lthough A ndroid is built to be truly open, this m obile O perating System has

m any com pelling íeatures th at can be com pared to other platíorm s:

- H a n d s e t la y o u ts: T h e platforra is adaptable to larger, V G A , 2D graphics library, 3D graphics library based on O penG L E S 1.0 specifications and traditional

sm artphone layouts

- s to r a g e : A ndroid uses a lightv/eight relational database called SQ Lite, w hich is used for structured data storage

G SM /E D G E , ID E N , C D M A , EV-DO ƯM TS Bluetooth, W i-Fi, LTE and

BUILD1NG AN APPLICATION FOR MOBIL,lí PH O N E USING A N D R O ID 201 1

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a part o f A ndroid Push M essaging Service

- In te g ra te d w eb b ro w se r: The vveb brow ser available in A ndroid is based on the open-source W ebKit layout engine, coupled w ith C hrom e’s V8 JavaScript engine

- J a v a s u p p o rt: W hile most Android applications are vvritten in Java, there is no Java Virtual M achine in the platíòrm Java classes are com piled into D alvik executable an d run on the D alvik Virtual machine D alvik is a specialized Virtual

m achine designed speciíìcally for A ndroid and optim ized for battery-pow ered

m obile devices wiứi lim ited m em ory and CPU J2M E support can be provided via third party applications

- M edia s u p p o rt: Android is supporting the follow ing audio, video and still m edia íòrm ats: W ebM , H 263, H.264, M PE G -4 SP, AM R, A M R -W B , A A C , HE-AA C,

M P3, M ID I, O gg Vorbis, W AV, JPEG , PN G , G IF, an d BMP

- S tre a m in g m e d ia s u p p o rt: A ndroid support R T P/R T SP stream ing, H TM L Progressive dovvnload, A dobe Flash Stream ing, H T T P D ynam ic Stream ing

- A d d itỉo n a l h a r d w a r e s u p p o rt: D epends on the hardw are o f the device, A ndroid supports video, still cameras, touchscreen, G PS, N e ar Field C om m unication (N FC ), accelerom eters, gyroscopes, m agnetom eters, proxim ity and pressure scnsors, thcrm om cters, accelcratcd 2D bit blits (w ith hardw arc oricntation, scaling, pixel íorm at conversion) and accelerated 3D graphics

- R ich d ev elo p m en t e n v iro n m e n t: the A ndroid S D K includes a device em ulator, tools for debugging, m emory and períorm ance profíling The integrated developm ent environm ent (IDE) is E clipse usin g the A ndroid D evelopm ent Tools (A D T ) plugin T he program ing languages are Java and C/C++

- M a rk e t: G oogle provides an Online m arket called A ndroid M arket w hich is a catalog o f applications that can be dow nloaded and installed to A ndroid devices over-the-air (w ithout the use o f a PC) U ser still can connect device to PC to dovvnload directly from the market

- M u lti-to u c h : A ndroid has native support for m ulti-touch w hich was initially

m ade available in handsets The feature was originatly disabled at the kem el level

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to avoid iníringing A p p le's patents on touch-screen technologv at the time

- B lu e to o th : A ndroid supports A 2D P, A V RC P, sending íìles (O PP), accessing the phone book (PBA P), voice dialing and sending contacts betw een phones

K eyboard, m ouse and joystick (H ID ) support is available through m anufacturers custom izations and third-party applications

- V ideo callin g : The m ainstream A ndroid version does not support video calling, but som e handsets have a custom ized version o f the o s vvhich support it, either via U M TS netw ork or over IP V ideo calling through G oogle Talk is planned for

A ndroid 3.0

applications at the sam e tim e like running m any program s on a PC The

sm artphone’s Virtual m em ory will determ ine how m any applications it can run at once

- V oice b a se d íe a tu re : G oogle search through V oice has been available since initial release V oice actions such as calling, texting and navigation are supported

on A ndroid 2.2 onwards

- T e th e rin g : T ethering m eans tum ing a phone into a w ireless or w ired hotspot

O ther phones can connect and use the netw ork provided by the tethering phone

t h r o u g h W i - F i o r U S B p o r t

(W ikipedia, 2011)

2.4 A n d ro id a rc h ite c tu re s

T he A ndroid O perating System consists o f 5 com ponents w hich are

A pplications, A pplications Fram ew ork, Libraries, A ndroid R untim e and Linux

K em el

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capabilities

System lib ra rie s

A ndroid o s is consisted bv m anv C /C ++ libraries which are used by Android com ponents T hese libraries tell device hovv to execute d iíĩeren t kind o f data: Som e o f the core ỉibraries are:

• System c library: a B SD -derived im piem entation o f the Standard c systemlibrary (libc), tuned for em bedded L inux-based devices

• M edia libraries: based on PacketV ideo’s O penCO R E, the libraries supportplayback and recording o f m any popular audio and video íorm ats, as w ell as static im age íĩles, including M PEG 4, H.264, M P3, A A C , A M R , JPG and PNG

• Surface M anager: m anages access to the display subsystem and seam lesslycom posites 2D and 3D graphic layers from m ultiple applications

• L ibW ebC ore: a w eb brow ser engine w hich support both A ndroid brovvser and

em beddable w eb view

• SGL: the basic 2D graphic engine

• 3D libraries: an im plem entation based on O penG L ES 1.0 A PIs; the iibrariescan use hardvvare 3D acceleration o r the highly optim ized 3D software rasterizer

• FreeType: A library that renders bitm ap and vector font

• SQ Lite: A powerfiil and lightw eight relational database engine available to allapplications

V ndroid R u n tim e

In A ndroid, every applications runs in their ow n Virtual m achine Virtual Tiachine is independent application and can run diíĩeren tly from its o s A ndroid use

D a lv i k V irtual m a c h i n e a n d it h a s b e e n c r e a t e d in o r d e r to allovv d e v i c e r u n m u l t i p l e /irtual m achines etYiciently

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L in u x K ern el

G oogle use Linux version 2.6 for A ndroid s kem el Som e o f the core system services such as security, memory and povver m anagem enl, netvvork stack and driver model T he kem el also acts as a driver so that user can control hardvvare device.(A ndroid D evelopers 2011)

R ed u c e tim e to fo r m a n u ía c tu re rs : Since G oogle is the organization that

m ainly developing the A ndroid o s , m obile phone m anuĩacturers need only to adapt

it to their handsets, custom ize the interíace, m odiíy o r add m ore applications and íeatures A s a result, the tim e to produce a new m obile phone w ill be shortened and the m anufactures can focus on inventing device hardw are and technology

O p e n -so u rc e , easy to tw e a k : A ndroid is open-source and can take full advantage o f the phone’s core ấinctionality such as an application can access to the gallery, use the cam era or even send a text message This allow s developers to create richer and m ore cohesive experiences for users O n A ndroid, the phone’s core applications and the third-party applications are equally They can be built to have sam e access to a d ev ice's capabilities and provide users vvith a variety o f applications and services

No co st f o r b ra n d n am e: For m anufactures, they do not have to pay G oogle to use A ndroid on th e ir device and sell undcr their name

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A lw ays u p -to -d a te : G o o g le’s engineers are responsible for all A ndroid update

an d thcy will announce to m anufactures and phone carriers w h enever there is a new version Eventually, everything will be release to the p u b lic for all to see

G r e a t s u p p o rt: A ndroid provides access to a w ide range o f useful libraries and tools that can be used to build rich applications T o o ls for A ndroid have been buiỉt from the beginning along w ith the evolution o f the p latío rm p roviding developers

w ith high productivity and deep insight into th eir applications

M ed ia s u p p o rt: A ndroid support m ore m edia types than any oth er m obile o s

M u ltita sk ln g : M ost o f A ndroid phones allow them to run m ultiple applications

at the sam e tim e Even in low -end devices

(W ikipedia, 2011)

Easy to d ow n load an d in stall apps: A ndroid ap p licatio n s do not have to wait

for approval from G oogle or oth er ap plication m arket T his allovvs user to dovvnload

an d install m any apps vvithout any d iữ ĩc u lties (G ralla p , 2011)

b C o n s

O E M neetl tlm e lo u p d a te : M anufactures an d p hone carricrs con m o d iíy Ihe

A ndroid interface and applications to m ak e a d iíĩe re n t A nd because is this, they

m ight take a lot o f tim e to upgrade th e ir devices w h en ev er G oogle release a nevv

v ersio n o f A ndroid

In c o n s is te n t u p d a te : G oogle releases a n ew A ndroid update every 6 m onths, som e carriers o r handset m an u íactu rers m ight not update th e ir old m odels and this leave them outdated For end-users, they m ig h t unable to install new application For developers, they m ust spend m ore tim e to take care ứ ieir application in o rd er to run

on all A ndroid versions (Z echner M , 2011)

S e c u rity : M any developers co n sider the AndroicTs openness is a big chance for them , so do the hackers G oogle had to rem o v e som e free app licatio n s from A ndroid

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Computer u n less th e r e is a t h i r d - p a r t y s y n c i n g a p p l i c a t i o n ( G r a lla , 2011).

D iffíc u lt í o fin d good a p p s : T h e r e a r e t h o u s a n d s o f m o b i l e a p p l i c a t i o n s o n

A n d r o i d M a r k e t ; c o n s e q u e n t l y , c o n s u m e r s c a n h a r d l y f i n d a n y g o o d a p p th a t vvorth

t h e i r m o n e y ( T o m w i l e s , 2 0 1 1 )

2.6 P o te n d a l o f A n d ro id

in the w orld In 3 years, the G o o g ie ’s A ndroid surpasses m any o th er big platíbrm s from A p p le RJM , N okia and M icrosoft (N ielsen, 2011)

OPERATING SYSTĨiM I

Nguyen Hong Phuc

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B U IL D IN G AN APPLICATION FOR M OBILE PIIONi; USING A N D R O ID 201 1

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Figurc 4: Sm artphone plaltorm markct sliare in the USA

T h e reason for this dram atic change is not very hard to tìnd out A pple is lầm ous for the iPhone a series o f perfect sm artphone but very expensive N okia and RIM is popular for having many low-end handsets which are great for everyone; how cver, their technologies have becom e outdated lately while the consum ers’ need

is constantly rising M icrosoít at ílrst has W indows M obile os, later they develop a new os called W indow s Phone 7 This is also a good mobile phone o s in general but stỉil experiencing too many technical problem s and that is whv many consum ers ignore W indow s Phone 7 For A ndroid, this mobile platíbrm is available from low- end to high-end handsets, technologies are updated regularly by G oogle, many device m anufacturers and phone caư iers are using Android as their m ain O perating System such as Sam sung, Sony Ericsson, LG, Motorola and HTC In addition,

A ndroid is not only an o p e ra tin g System for mobile, but also for other electronic device D evelopers can produce softw are for tablet, TV or even car In short,

A ndroid is a very prom ising platíorm w hich should be considered by every developer

TopMoMeOEMs

3 Month Avg Emttng Jan 2011 vs 3 RAonth Avg Ending O ct 2010

lo ia l U.S Motxte sôbscribers Ages 13>

Source: comScore MobiLens

Share (%) o f MotMle Subscribers

2.7 M o b ile o s c o m p a r is o n

A ndroid and iOS

BUI! D I N G A N A P P L I C A TION ỉ;O R M OB II i: P I IO NE 1'SING ANDROI L) Ị 201 1

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A n d ro id

Mac OS/Unix-likeLinux

• Lots o f free apps

• Apple Apps store

• Tight policies

Nguyen Hong Phuc

BU IL D IN G AN A P PL IC A T IO N FOR M O B ILE P H O N E US1NG A N D R O ID 2 0 1 ỉ

O P ER A TĨN G SYSTEM

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!’■ m y n i

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BU IL D IN G AN A PPLIC A T IO N FOR M O B ILE PH O N E U SIN G A N D R O ID 2011

• JD K 5 o r 6 D evelopers can dow nload JD K free at:

http://w w w oracle.com /technetw ork/iava/ịavase/dow nloads/index.htm l

D o not dovvnload JRE since it does not support A ndroid SDK

• A ndroid SDK T he packet can be dow nloaded at:

http://developer.android.com /sdkyindex.htm l

• Eclipse, program ing soítvvare that is suitable for beginner developers The Iatest versions o f E clipse can are at: h ttp ;//■w w w ■ ec 1 ipse■ org/do w nloads/

“ Eclipse C lassic” is recom m ended

• A n im age editing softw are such as A dobe Photoshop to design icon and

background

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B U IL D IN G AN A P P L IC A T IO N FOR MOBILE P H O N E USING A N D R O ID 2011

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3.2.2 In sta lla tio n

ư s e rs inust íollovv the exact step in order to succeed the installations

- ỉnstall JDK U se the default selection for the best optim ization N ote that without

JD K , w e cannot install A ndroid SDK

- Install E clipse if user vvants to develop in Eclipse, w hich is best for beginner

A lso, it's free and supported by Google developers who created A ndroid (B u m ette E, 2008)

package is not a full developm ent environm ent; it includes only the core SDK tools vvhich u sers can use to dovvnload the rest o f the SD K com ponents lf users should ever have problem s w ith the SDK installer, the zip packet would solve it

- Extract the ,zip file, it w ill create a íolder nam ed android-sdk-(platform name), run th e SD K M anager.exe and choose the packets vvhich developer desired

C heck A ccept and press Install button This step requừes an internet connection

to dow nload th e essential components

T he SDK starter package, which dovvnloaded beíore, includes only a singlc com ponent: the latest version o f the SDK Tools To develop an A ndroidapplication, w e also nccd to do\vnload at lcast onc A ndroid plutform and thc SDK

recom m ended (A ndroid Developers 2011)

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BUILDING AN APPLICATION FOR M0B1LE PHONE USING ANDROID 201 1

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Ố Choosg Pdcltages to lnrtaH

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Figure 6: Packets available in the SDK m anager

'ĩ’yp e o f eom ponents:

a) SDK tools: C ontains tools for debugging and testing application and other utility tools C an be accessed through <sdk>/tools/ directory o f SDK

h) SDK P lattorm tools: C ontains tools that are required to develop and debug your application, but w hich are developeđ alongside the A ndroid platfonn in order

to supp<irl the latest features W e can access in <sdk>/platform -tools/ directory

c ) A ndroid P latíorm s: A n SDK platíorm is available for every production

A ndroid p la tíb rm deployable to A ndroid-pow ered devices Each platform com ponent includes a fully com pliant A ndroid librarv and system image, sam ple code, em ulator skins and any version specitlc tools

d) U SB D river for W indow s: C ontains driver tìles that you can install on your

W indow s Computer, so that you can run and debug your applications on an

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BUILDING AN APPLICATION Í OR MOBILE PHONE USING ANDROID 2 0 1 1

m anager, sele c t V irtual D evices from A ndroid SDK and A V D M anager and press New

Ễ Andród SDK and AVD Manager

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