1. Mục tiêu kỹ năng Reading Phần thi Reading nhằm kiểm tra khả năng hiểu và xử lý thông tin bằng tiếng Anh thông qua các dạng văn bản học thuật, thông tin tổng hợp hoặc mô tả thực tế. Thí sinh cần thể hiện khả năng: Nhận biết thông tin cụ thể. Hiểu ý chính và chi tiết. Suy luận từ ngữ cảnh. Xác định mục đích, thái độ, quan điểm của tác giả. Phân tích cấu trúc và ý nghĩa văn bản. 2. Cấu trúc phần thi Reading VSTEP Phần Số câu hỏi Hình thức Nội dung Part 1 8 Đọc đoạn ngắn – chọn đáp án đúng Tìm thông tin chi tiết, từ vựng, ngữ pháp ngữ cảnh Part 2 12 Đọc hiểu – điền vào chỗ trống Hoàn thành đoạn văn bằng cách chọn từ hoặc cụm từ phù hợp Part 3 20 Đọc hiểu đoạn dài – trắc nghiệm Hiểu ý chính, suy luận, nhận diện quan điểm tác giả Tổng 40 câu Trắc nghiệm 4 lựa chọn (A, B, C, D) Tổng thời gian: 60 phút 3. Đặc điểm văn bản đọc Các đoạn đọc trong đề thi được lấy từ nhiều nguồn đa dạng: Bài viết học thuật và khoa học phổ thông. Thông báo, hướng dẫn, mô tả quy trình. Các bài viết mô tả hiện tượng xã hội, giáo dục, văn hóa. Đoạn văn mô phỏng dạng bài đọc trong môi trường học tập và làm việc quốc tế. 4. Cách tính điểm phần Reading Mỗi câu đúng được 1 điểm. Tổng điểm phần Reading sẽ quy đổi theo thang điểm bậc năng lực (B1, B2, C1). Không trừ điểm nếu chọn sai. 5. Mẹo luyện thi hiệu quả ? Tăng cường vốn từ vựng học thuật và chủ đề xã hội. ⏳ Luyện kỹ năng quản lý thời gian, tránh đọc quá lâu một câu. ? Làm quen với các dạng câu hỏi suy luận, ý chính và từ vựng theo ngữ cảnh. ? Thực hành với đề thi thật hoặc đề mô phỏng sát cấu trúc chuẩn.
Trang 1Time permitted: 60 minutes Number of questions: 40 _
Directions: In this section you will read FOUR different passages Each one is followed by 10 questions about it For
questions 1-40, you are to choose the best answer A, B, C or D, to each question Then, on your answer sheet, find the number
of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage
You have 60 minutes to answer all the questions, including the time to transfer your answers to the answer sheet.
PASSAGE 1 - Questions 1-10
Hydrogen
Hydrogen is the most common element in the universe and
was perhaps the first to form It is among the ten most
common elements on Earth as well and one of the most
useful for industrial purposes Under normal conditions of
temperature, hydrogen is a gas
Designated as H, hydrogen is the first element in the periodic
1 What is the author’s main purpose in thepassage?
A To explain the industrial uses of hydrogen
B To describe the origin of hydrogen in the universe
C To discuss the process of hydrogenation
D To give examples of how hydrogen and oxygen combine
2 How does hydrogen generally occur?
A It is freely available in nature B It is contained in many compounds
Trang 2table because it contains only one proton Hydrogen can
combine with a large number of other elements, forming
more compounds than any of the others Pure hydrogen
seldom occurs naturally, but it exists in most organic
compounds, that is, compounds that contain carbon, which
account for a very large number of compounds Moreover,
hydrogen is found in inorganic compounds For example,
when hydrogen bums in the presence of oxygen, it forms
water
The lightest and simplest of the elements, hydrogen has
several properties that make it valuable for many industries
It releases more heat per unit of weight than any other fuel In
rocket engines, tons of hydrogen and oxygen are burned, and
hydrogen is used with oxygen for welding torches that
produce temperatures as high as 4,000 degrees F and can be
used in cutting steel Fuel cells to generate electricity operate
on hydrogen and oxygen
Hydrogen also serves to prevent metals from tarnishing
C It is often found in pure form D It is released during hydrogenation
3 How can hydrogen be used to cut steel?
A By cooling the steel to a very low temperature
B By cooling the hydrogen with oxygen to a very low temperature
C By heating the steel to a very high temperature
D By heating the hydrogen with oxygen to a very high temperature
4 The word “them” in paragraph 4 refers to _.
A fuel cells
B metals
C treatments
D products
5 Where in the passage does the author explain why hydrogen is used as a refrigerant?
A Paragraph 1
B Paragraph 2
C Paragraph 3
D Paragraph 4
Trang 3during heat treatments by removing the oxygen from them.
Although it would be difficult to remove the oxygen by
itself, hydrogen readily combines with oxygen to form
water, which can be heated to steam and easily removed.
Furthermore, hydrogen is one of the coolest refrigerants It
does not become a liquid until it reaches temperatures of -425
degrees F Pure hydrogen gas is used in large electric
generators to cool the coils
Future uses of hydrogen include fuel for cars, boats, planes,
and other forms of transportation that currently require
petroleum products These fuels would be lighter, a distinct
advantage in the aerospace industry, and they would also be
cleaner, thereby reducing pollution in the atmosphere
Hydrogen is also useful in the food industry for a process
known as hydrogenation Products such as margarine and
cooking oils are changed from liquids to semisolids by
combining hydrogen with their molecules Soap
manufacturers also use hydrogen for this purpose
6 The word “readily” in paragraph 4 could best be replaced by _.
A completely
B slowly C.easily
D usually
7 What does the author mean by the statement underlined in paragraph 4?
A Oxygen is removed by combining it with hydrogen and heating it
B Water can be made by combining hydrogen and oxygen
C Hydrogen cannot be separated from oxygen because
it is too difficult
D It is easy to form steam by heating water
8 The word “combining” in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to _.
A trying
B changing
C finding
Trang 4In addition, in the chemical industry, hydrogen is used to
produceammonia, gasoline, methyl alcohol, and many other
important products
D adding
9 The author mentions all of the following as uses for hydrogen EXCEPT _.
A.to remove tarnish from metals
B to produce fuels such as gasoline and methyl alcohol
C to operate fuel cells that generate electricity
D to change solid foods to liquids
10 It can be inferred from the passage that hydrogen _.
A is too dangerous to be used for industrial purposes
B has many purposes in a variety of industries
C.has limited industrial uses because of its dangerous
properties
D is used in many industries for basically the same purpose
PASSAGE 2 - Questions 11 – 20
Trang 5The work of the railroad pioneers in America became the basis for a great surge of railroad building halfway through the nineteenth century that linked the nation together as never before Railroads eventually became the nation’s number one transportation system, and remained so until the construction of the interstate highway system halfway through the twentieth
century They were of crucial importance in stimulating economic expansion, but their influence reached beyond the
economy and was pervasive in American society at large
By 1804, English as well as American inventors had experimented with steam engines for moving land vehicles In 1820, John Stevens ran a locomotive and cars around in a circular track on his New Jersey estate, which the public saw as an amusing toy And in 1825, after opening a short length of track, the Stockton to Darlington Railroad in England became the first line to carry general traffic American businesspeople, especially those in the Atlantic coastal region who looked for better communication with the West, quickly became interested in the English experiment The first company in America to begin actual operations was the Baltimore and Ohio, which opened a thirteen- mile length of track in 1830 It used a team of horses to pull a train of passenger carriages and freight wagons along the track Steam locomotive power didn’t come into regular service until two years later
However, for the first decade or more, there was not yet a true railroad system Even the longest of the lines was relatively short
in the 1830’s, and most of them served simply to connect water routes to each other, not to link one railroad to another Even
when two lines did connect, the tracks often differed in width, so cars from one line couldn’t fit onto tracks of the next line S
chedules were unreliable and wrecks were frequent Significantly, however, some important developments during the 1830’s and 1840’s included the introduction of heavier iron rails, more flexible and powerful locomotives, and passenger cars were
redesigned to become more stable, comfortable, and larger By the end of 1830 only 23 miles of track had been laid in the
Line 11
Line 2
Trang 6country But by 1836, more than 1,000 miles of track had been laid in eleven States, and within the decade, almost 3,000 miles
had been constructed By that early age, the United States had already surpassed Great Britain in railroad construction, and
particularly from the mid-1860’s, the late nineteenth century belonged to the railroads
11 The word “stimulating” in paragraph1 is closest in meaning to .
A helping
B changing
C promoting
D influencing
12 The word “their” in paragraph1 refers to
A railroad pioneers
B railroads
C the interstate highway system
D American society
13 Which of the following can be inferred from the second passage?
A The United States regarded Great Britain as a competitor in developing railroad system
B Steam locomotive power was first used in 1832
C American businessmen saw railroads as a threat to established businesses
D Steam locomotives replaced horses because of the distances across the country
14 The author concludes that for the first decade or more, there was not yet a true railroad system because _.
A passenger cars were not stable, comfortable or large
Trang 7B locomotives were not powerful enough.
C schedules were unreliable and wrecks were frequent
D lines were relatively short and not usually linked
15 The word “schedules” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .
A safety procedures
B employees
C timetables
D railroad tracks
16 According to paragraph 3, which of the following is NOT true about the 1830’s and 1840’s?
A passenger cars became larger
B schedules were reliable
C locomotives became more powerful
D tracks were heavier
17 The word “stable” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .
A fixed
B supportive
C reliable
D sound
18 By what time had almost 3,000 miles of track been laid?
A 1830
B 1836
Trang 8C 1840
D mid-1860s
19 The word “surpassed” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .
A exceeded
B beaten
C overtaken
D equaled
20 Where in the passage does the author outline the main conclusions about the importance of railroads in
America?
A Lines 2-5
B Lines 11-15
C Lines 15-17
D Lines 22-25
PASSAGE 3 - Questions 21 – 30
The Asian migration hypothesis is today supported by most
of the scientificevidence The first “hard” data linking
American Indians with Asians appeared in the 1980s with the
finding that lndians and northeast Asians share a common
21 According to the text, what happened in the 1980s?
A A research into American Indians teeth was first conducted
B Researchers started investigating the distinctive
Trang 9and distinctive pattern in the arrangement of the teeth But
perhaps the most compelling support for the hypothesis
comes from genetic research Studies comparing theDNA
worldconsistentlydemonstrate the close genetic relationship
of the two populations, and recently geneticists studying a
virus sequestered in the kidneys of all humans found thatthe
strain of virus carried by Navajos and Japanese is nearly
identical, whilethat carried by Europeans and Africans is
quite different
The migration could have begun over a land bridge
connecting the continents During the last Ice Age 70,000 to
10,000 years ago, huge glaciers locked up massive volumes
of water and sea levels were as much as 300 feet lower than
today Asia and North America were joined by a huge
subcontinent of ice- free, treeless grassland, 750 miles wide
Geologists have named this area Beringia, from the Bering
Straits Summers there were warm, winters were cold, dry
and almost snow-free This was a perfect environment for
features of American Indians
C Studies on human kidneys were encouraged
D A shared characteristic of American Indians and Asians was discovered
22.The word “distinctive” inparagraph 1 is closest in meaning to _.
A new
B simple
C different
D particular
23 Recent studies found that Navajos carry the strain of virus similar to that of _.
A Japanese
B Asians
C Europeans
D Africans
24.According to paragraph 2, why did Stone Age tribes begin to migrate into Beringia?
A To intermarry with tribes living there
B To trade with tribes that made tools
Trang 10large mammals - mammoth and mastodon, bison, horse,
reindeer, camel, and saiga (a goatlike antelope) Small bands
of Stone Age hunter-gatherers were attracted by these animal
populations, which provided them not only with food but
with hides for clothing and shelter, dung for fuel, and bones
for tools and weapons Accompanied by a husky-like
species of dog, hunting bands gradually moved as far east as
the Yukon River basin of northern Canada, where field
excavations have uncovered the fossilized jawbones of
several dogs and bone tools estimated to be about 27,000
years old
Other evidence suggests that the migration from Asia began
about 30,000 years ago around the same time that Japan and
Scandinavia were being settled This evidence is based on
blood type The vast majority of modern Native Americans
have type O blood and a few have type A, but almost none
have type B Because modern Asian populations include all
three blood types, however, the migrations must have begun
before the evolution of type B, which geneticists believe
C To hunt for animals in the area
D To capture domesticated dogs
25 All of the following animals are mentioned as examples of large mammals EXCEPT _.
A saiga
B bison
C camel
D goat
26 The phrase “Accompaniedby”in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _.
A found with
B joined by
C threatened by
D detoured with
27 The word “which” in paragraph 3 refers to _.
A migrations
B evolution
C geneticists
D populations
28.Why does the author mention blood types in
Trang 11occurred about 30,000 years ago.
By 25,000 years ago human communities were established in
western Beringia, which is present-day Alaska But access to
the south was blocked by a huge glacial sheet covering much
of what is today Canada How did the hunters get over those
2,000 miles of deep ice? The argument is that the climate
began to warm with the passing of the Ice Age, and about
13,000B.C.E.glacial melting created an ice-free corridor
along the eastern front range of the Rocky Mountains Soon
hunters of big game had reached the Great Plains
paragraph 3?
A Comparisons of blood types in Asia and North America established the date of migration
B The presence of type B in Native Americans was evidence of the migration
C The blood typing was similar to data from both Japan and Scandinavia
D Blood types offered proof that the migration had come from Scandinavia
29 Which blood type do most Native Americans have?
A Type A
B Type B
C Type AB
D Type O
30.How did groups migrate into the Great Plains?
A By walking on a corridor covered with ice
B By using the path that big game had made
C By following a mountain trail D.By detouring around a huge ice sheet
Trang 12PASSAGE 4 – Questions 31-40
Learning means acquiring knowledge or developing the
ability to perform new behaviors It is common to think of
learning as something that takes place in school, but much of
human learning occurs outside the classroom, and people
continue to learn throughout their lives
Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk,
to talk, and to use their hands to manipulate toys, food, and
other objects They use all of their senses to learn about the
sights, sounds, tastes, and smells in their environments They
learn how to interact with their parents, siblings, friends, and
other people important to their world When they enter
school, children learn basic academic subjects such as
reading, writing, and mathematics They also continue to
learn a great deal outside the classroom They learn which
behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be
punished They learn social skills for interacting with other
children After they finish school, people must learn to adapt
31.According to the passage, which of the following is learning in broad view comprised of?
A Acquisition of social and behavioural skills
B Knowledge acquisition and ability development
C Acquisition of academic knowledge
D Knowledge acquisition outside the classroom
32.According to the passage, what are children NOT usually taught outside the classroom?
A literacy and calculation
B life skills
C interpersonal communication
D right from wrong
33.Getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job are mentioned in paragraph 2 as examples
of .
A the situations in which people cannot teach themselves