Acceptance Analysis of New Technology for Sustainable Water
Management and Sanitation
A Case Study of Operating Farm Households
in the Mekong Delta, Viet Nam
I n a u g u r a l – D i s s e r t a t i o n
zur Erlangung des Grades
Doktor der Agrarwissenschaften
(Dr agr.) der Hohen Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät
der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität
Trang 2Referent: Prof Dr Th Kutsch _
Koreferent: PD Dr J Clemens
Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 15 Juli 2005 _
Gedruckt bei: Diese Dissertation ist auf dem Hochschulschriftenserver
der ULB Bonn, http://hss.ulb.uni-bonn.de/diss_online elektronisch publiziert
Trang 3The Good Daughter-in-law
By Hsieh Chang-yi
“Early in the morning, the magpies cry, The newly-wed daughter-in-law is carrying excreta on a pole Liquid from the excreta stains her new trousers
The hot sweat soaks into her embroidered jacket The commune members praise her and mother is pleased All tell her she has got a good daughter-in-law.”
(MCGARRY A.STAINFORTH 1978: 4)
Trang 4The reuse of waste/wastewater for agriculture may be a low cost solution in water treatment and
at the same time a significant contribution to food production The presented socio-economic study was conducted during the course of the interdisciplinary SANSED-Project in 2003/04, aiming to identify criteria for a sustainable wastewater treatment system Therefore, User- and Non-User-operating farm households’ (OFH) attitudes towards and acceptance behavior of biogas plants (BGP), modern latrines (ML) and biogas sludge (BGS) as principal components of
an ecological wastewater management system were analyzed and evaluated Referring to the latter, the use of human feces in the biogas technology was a major point of interest By means of
a detailed questionnaire, the survey aimed to achieve information about the OFHs’ environment and interactions L ANGENHEDER ’ S decision-making-theory together with KOLLMANN ’ S use- acceptance-model on the OFH defined by D OPPLER as socio-economic system constitutes the basis of this research approach Within the sample 218 OFHs in three selected communities of the Mekong Delta as well as representatives of the local government, universities and other institutions were interviewed The study leads to the following results and recommendations:
80 % of the surveyed OFHs have no ML, 10 % have no latrine at all Generally, the population is aware of the hygienic and environmental threats, but real commitments to solve the problem are still missing The User OFHs dispose of a higher living standard and educational level Apart from their farming activity, they hold down a non-farm job and thus, dispose of more steady income and have easier creditworthiness The principal OFHs’ problems are lack of capital and professional knowledge as well as shortcomings in the access to further training
Most of the households know about the governmental intentions to substitute fishpond-latrines and to promote the use of organic fertilizer instead of untreated feces In general the OFHs perceive BGP, ML and BGS-use as progressive, but restraining factors for their investment and sustainable utilization do exist The principal restricting determinants are:
BGP: Lack of capital and therefore of a customized microfinance system, the dependency on piggery as substrate input source and its market instability as well as the lack of monitored construction quality standards and difficult emptying procedure of the system
ML: Lack of economic inducement, ML-inappropriateness i.e luxury good that doesn’t fit to the living standard (average dwelling) on the countryside
BGS: Lack of information, specifically nescience about BGS-use and earthworm breeding, difficult, space intensive and time-consuming handling, small produced quantity, relatively low market value
The acceptance of these components suffer shortcomings in communication including reliable technical assistance and professional training using demonstration units for capacity building as well as choices of models for adaptability
The Health Care Centre, the Agricultural Extension Service and research institutions should work closer together on the standardization and general widespread introduction of BGP with connected ML as it would provide an efficient solution with synergy effects reducing the installation and fix costs, superseding the emptying procedure, enabling the safe reuse of night soil and alleviating the strong dependency of BGP-utilization on piggery The Agricultural Extension Service already tries to offer and transmit information accordingly, but the institutional structure and efficiency referring on its internal organization, available quantity of field service staff and its capacity are insufficient
Further recommendations to improve the acceptance and dissemination rates include the establishment of user-societies/groups, demand-oriented offers of custom-to-fit-system, economic inducement and service network for microfinance at the grassroots level The second phase of SANSED-Project offers the opportunity to consider the recommendations and to tackle the need for acceptance and dissemination research
Trang 5Quá trình phát tri n trên các l nh v c s n xu t nông nghi p và công nghi p ã d n n s ô nhi m
nh ng ngu n n c t i ng b ng Sông C u Long Theo „Báo cáo Môi tr ng Vi t Nam 2003 –
N c“ thì có n kho ng 40% t ng s dân chúng không có n c u ng s ch Nh ng c quan chính
ph và nh ng t ch c môi tr ng ngày càng ý th c rõ v tình tr ng kh ng ho ng i v i n c ng t này có th áp ng !" c nh ng m # c tiêu phát tri n cho thiên niên k $ m i, “Chi n l " c Qu c gia
C p n c s ch và v sinh nông thôn“ (NRWSS) n m trong „Chi n l " c Qu c gia Gi m nghèo“ ã !" c biên so n
Vi c tái s d # ng rác / n c th i trong nông nghi p có th là m % t hình th c x lý n c hi u qu và ng th i c & ng óng góp không ít vào vi c gia t ' ng s n xu t th c ph ( m Nghiên c u v m ) t kinh t
xã h % i này !" c th c hi n trong khuôn kh d án SANSED liên ngành trong nh ng n ' m 2003/04 v i
m # c tiêu xác * nh nh ng tiêu chu ( n cho m % t h th ng x lý n c th i b n v ng Nghiên c u này
nh m phân tích và ánh giá l + p tr ng và thái % ch p nh + n c a các h % sinh ho t nông nghi p (ng i
s d # ng và ng i không s d # ng) ! i v i vi c s d # ng nh ng trang thi t b * biogas, nhà tiêu hi n i
và bùn biogas nh là nh ng thành ph , n thu % c h th ng qu n lý n c th i có tính sinh thái
Trong b i c nh này, c , n quan tâm ) c bi t n vi c tái s d # ng phân ng i thông qua công ngh biogas B ng m % t b ng câu h - i chi ti t, vi c th ' m dò thu th + p thông tin v nh ng i u ki n khung c a các h % nông nghi p và nh ng ho t