The impact of digital economy factors on gdp of southeast asia countries from 2008 to 2017

Teacher in charge: PhD Nguyễn Thúy Quỳnh Department/ Faculty: International Economics Keywords: Digital economy, GDP, Southeast Asia, fixed broadband subscriptions, internet users, high-

Major: International Economics

THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL ECONOMY FACTORS

ON GDP OF SOUTHEAST ASIA COUNTRIES

DECLARATION

Our team herewith formally declares that we have written the submitted the essay independently We did not use any outside support except for the quoted literature and other sources mentioned at the References of this Essay

Hanoi, 08/12/2022

Student’s Signature

Teacher in charge: PhD Nguyễn Thúy Quỳnh

Department/ Faculty: International Economics

Keywords: Digital economy, GDP, Southeast Asia, fixed broadband subscriptions, internet users, high-technology exports, mobile cellular subscriptions, and secure Internet servers

Contents of the Summary:

1 Title of the thesis: The impact of digital economy factors on the GDP of Southeast

Asia from 2008 to 2017

2 Main topic of the thesis: Considering the impact of digital economy factors on GDP

3 Purpose of the thesis: Assessing the impact of digital economy factors and

developing new recommendations for the long-term and sustainable development of

this field in comparison to existing policies introduced by the government,

government policymakers, and business organizations

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Variable definition table ee tcc eee TH nh kh 11 Table 2: Descriptive Analysis RfeSull - HH KH hhhrky 14 Table 3: GDP data descCriptiOn - ch HT KH tk ket 14 Table 4: BROAD data descripfion ch khi iu 14 Table 5: USERH data description Ác nh Ho kh kh khu 14 Table 6: HIGH data description c nnnnnn nh HH nhe kh kh kh 15 Table 7: MOBILE data description - HH kh kh 15 Table 8: SERVER data description SH KHE KH kku 15 Table 9: The correlation matrix table ne n SH HH HH 16 Table 10: Regression result for restricted model che 18 Table 11: Regression result for restricted model che 18 Table 12: Meaning of the estimated coefficienf†s chau 23

ABBREVIATIONS

nternet

High-technology exports

servers

ABBREVIATIONS

nternet

High-technology exports

servers

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Variable definition table ee tcc eee TH nh kh 11 Table 2: Descriptive Analysis RfeSull - HH KH hhhrky 14 Table 3: GDP data descCriptiOn - ch HT KH tk ket 14 Table 4: BROAD data descripfion ch khi iu 14 Table 5: USERH data description Ác nh Ho kh kh khu 14 Table 6: HIGH data description c nnnnnn nh HH nhe kh kh kh 15 Table 7: MOBILE data description - HH kh kh 15 Table 8: SERVER data description SH KHE KH kku 15 Table 9: The correlation matrix table ne n SH HH HH 16 Table 10: Regression result for restricted model che 18 Table 11: Regression result for restricted model che 18 Table 12: Meaning of the estimated coefficienf†s chau 23

TABLE OF CONTENT

SECTION |: OVERVIEW OF THE TOPICO LH He 3

BI 2/910 ae k6 dd 3 1.1.1 General theory of GDP (gross domestic produc†) căn 3

"h1 v ha Ô (‹dj 3 hs: co na a 3 1.1.1.3 Roles of GDP Hddáại1 didddi1Ănố ỀêẼ 4 1.2 General theory of digital @COnOTy c nh HH KH 4

"vn rn 7ô 4dđaa 4 1.2.2 ClassifiCa†iOnS i nh KH KH kh KHE KH 5 1.2.3 Roles of the digital @COnOrT án Tnhh nghe 6 1.3 Economic theories rela†ed HH TH HH ket 6 1.4 Related published researches - LH Tnhh 7

SECTION II: MODEL SPECIFICATION AND DATA eo 9

ÊN 2i(2c9 92 n0 (43 9 2.1.1 Methodology used to collect da†a ch nhện 9 2.1.2 Methodology used to analyze dal†a ng ke 9 2.2 Theoretical model specificatiOn - nh Hành 9 2.2.1 Model specificatiOr' ch nh” kh kh Hy 9 2.2.2 Variables explanafion ch kh 10 2.3 Theoretical relatioònships between variables - che 11 2.3.1 Relationship between Broadband Subscriptions and GDP 11 2.3.2 Relationship between Internet Users and GDP cc eeceeeeeeeeestteeeeeeee 11 2.3.3 Relationship between High-technology exports and GDP 12 2.3.4 Relationship between Mobile cellular subscriptions and GDP 12 2.3.5 Relationship between Secure Internet servers and GDP 12 2.4 Descriptive AnalWSÏS ch KHE khi 13 2.4.1 Descriptive s†a†iS[ÏCS nh HH kh kh kiệt 13 2.4.1.1 Source of statistical da†a cc- Tnhh nh key 13

TABLE OF CONTENT

SECTION |: OVERVIEW OF THE TOPICO LH He 3

BI 2/910 ae k6 dd 3 1.1.1 General theory of GDP (gross domestic produc†) căn 3

"h1 v ha Ô (‹dj 3 hs: co na a 3 1.1.1.3 Roles of GDP Hddáại1 didddi1Ănố ỀêẼ 4 1.2 General theory of digital @COnOTy c nh HH KH 4

"vn rn 7ô 4dđaa 4 1.2.2 ClassifiCa†iOnS i nh KH KH kh KHE KH 5 1.2.3 Roles of the digital @COnOrT án Tnhh nghe 6 1.3 Economic theories rela†ed HH TH HH ket 6 1.4 Related published researches - LH Tnhh 7

SECTION II: MODEL SPECIFICATION AND DATA eo 9

ÊN 2i(2c9 92 n0 (43 9 2.1.1 Methodology used to collect da†a ch nhện 9 2.1.2 Methodology used to analyze dal†a ng ke 9 2.2 Theoretical model specificatiOn - nh Hành 9 2.2.1 Model specificatiOr' ch nh” kh kh Hy 9 2.2.2 Variables explanafion ch kh 10 2.3 Theoretical relatioònships between variables - che 11 2.3.1 Relationship between Broadband Subscriptions and GDP 11 2.3.2 Relationship between Internet Users and GDP cc eeceeeeeeeeestteeeeeeee 11 2.3.3 Relationship between High-technology exports and GDP 12 2.3.4 Relationship between Mobile cellular subscriptions and GDP 12 2.3.5 Relationship between Secure Internet servers and GDP 12 2.4 Descriptive AnalWSÏS ch KHE khi 13 2.4.1 Descriptive s†a†iS[ÏCS nh HH kh kh kiệt 13 2.4.1.1 Source of statistical da†a cc- Tnhh nh key 13

- To justify the impacts between secure Internet servers and GDP in

Southeast Asia countries

The four main research questions to be answered in this study are as follows:

- Does fixed broadband subscriptions have a positive impact on GDP

in Southeast Asia countries?

- Do internet users give a positive impact on GDP in Southeast Asia countries?

- Do high-technology exports significantly impact GDP in Southeast Asia countries?

- Do mobile cellular subscriptions positively influence GDP in

Southeast Asia countries?

- Does secure Internet servers positively influence GDP in Southeast Asia countries?

Due to the speedy development of technology which plays an important role in

today's economy, the research based on the impact of the digital economy is meaningful

The key indicators of the influence of the economy are various, but the GDP factor is

undeniably one of the most essential of all As the impact of economic growth on a

country is great, good economic growth means that the country is moving in the right direction, and it is closely related to people's lives (Soares, 2004)

- The study also explores the impact of the digital economy on the GDP in

Southeast Asia Countries

- This study would help to identify how workers can cope and adapt to the

changes in technology In some companies or organizations, new methods of working

and the introduction of new technology is important to adapt to the current economy and market trends

- Finally, this study also helps to determine whether the digital economy significantly affects the employment of the mentioned countries

- To justify the impacts between secure Internet servers and GDP in

Southeast Asia countries

The four main research questions to be answered in this study are as follows:

- Does fixed broadband subscriptions have a positive impact on GDP

in Southeast Asia countries?

- Do internet users give a positive impact on GDP in Southeast Asia countries?

- Do high-technology exports significantly impact GDP in Southeast Asia countries?

- Do mobile cellular subscriptions positively influence GDP in

Southeast Asia countries?

- Does secure Internet servers positively influence GDP in Southeast Asia countries?

Due to the speedy development of technology which plays an important role in

today's economy, the research based on the impact of the digital economy is meaningful

The key indicators of the influence of the economy are various, but the GDP factor is

undeniably one of the most essential of all As the impact of economic growth on a

country is great, good economic growth means that the country is moving in the right direction, and it is closely related to people's lives (Soares, 2004)

- The study also explores the impact of the digital economy on the GDP in

Southeast Asia Countries

- This study would help to identify how workers can cope and adapt to the

changes in technology In some companies or organizations, new methods of working

and the introduction of new technology is important to adapt to the current economy and market trends

- Finally, this study also helps to determine whether the digital economy significantly affects the employment of the mentioned countries

2.4.1.2 Descriptive statistics and interpretation for each variable 13 2.4.2 Correlation Matrix between variables che 15

SECTION III: ESTIMATION LH HH iu 18

3.1 Estimated model -‹‹ - k** SH Tnhh tệp 18 3.2 Sample regression funcfÏO' - nh HH HH HH Hrket 18

SA n 9090-00 9n da ăăăă 19 3.3.1 Statistical significance of individual coefficiens .c.ằ 19 3.3.2 Fixed Broadband Subscrip†ions ch He 19 3.3.3 Internet US@FS ch KHE kg kkt 19 3.3.4 High-technology @XpOFÏS nh Tnhh TH kh kh khi 20 3.3.5 Mobile cellular subscrip†iOnS c nhe 20 3.3.6 Secure Interne† S©€rV©FS i ee nhu 20

3.4 Overall significance of the multiple regression .ị nhe 21

3.5 Joint significance of the price of red meat and the price of chicken 21 3.6 Consistency of the regression results with the theories 22 3.7 The model’s coefficient of determinations cece eee eeeeee senna 22 3.8 The regression coeffici@nnÏS eee nh nh HH kh rệt 23 3.8.1 Meaning of the estimated coefficierS nhe ke 23 3.8.2 RecommendatiOnS .-c chén Tnhh 23

CONCLUSION 1n nh (“ca .Ả 25 mini) 901 ad eee eee sneeeenneeeeetaeencae 27 APPENDIXES nh KHE KH KT KH KĐT kku 30 PERSONAL CONTRIBUTION nh HH HH khu 32

4 The methodology used in the thesis:

- The methodology used to collect data: Use secondary data which are collected

from World Development Indicators of the World Bank

- The methodology used to analyze data: Descriptive Analysis and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression

5 Contents and main findings of the thesis:

- Contents: Three main sections:

Section |: Overview of the topic

Section II: Model Specification and Data

Section Ill: Estimation

- Main findings:

GDP and Fixed broadband subscriptions have a positive relationship

GDP and Internet users have a positive relationship

GDP and High-technology exports have a positive relationship

GDP and Mobile cellular subscriptions have a positive relationship

GDP and Secure Internet servers have a positive relationship

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Variable definition table ee tcc eee TH nh kh 11 Table 2: Descriptive Analysis RfeSull - HH KH hhhrky 14 Table 3: GDP data descCriptiOn - ch HT KH tk ket 14 Table 4: BROAD data descripfion ch khi iu 14 Table 5: USERH data description Ác nh Ho kh kh khu 14 Table 6: HIGH data description c nnnnnn nh HH nhe kh kh kh 15 Table 7: MOBILE data description - HH kh kh 15 Table 8: SERVER data description SH KHE KH kku 15 Table 9: The correlation matrix table ne n SH HH HH 16 Table 10: Regression result for restricted model che 18 Table 11: Regression result for restricted model che 18 Table 12: Meaning of the estimated coefficienf†s chau 23

- To justify the impacts between secure Internet servers and GDP in

Southeast Asia countries

The four main research questions to be answered in this study are as follows:

- Does fixed broadband subscriptions have a positive impact on GDP

in Southeast Asia countries?

- Do internet users give a positive impact on GDP in Southeast Asia countries?

- Do high-technology exports significantly impact GDP in Southeast Asia countries?

- Do mobile cellular subscriptions positively influence GDP in

Southeast Asia countries?

- Does secure Internet servers positively influence GDP in Southeast Asia countries?

Due to the speedy development of technology which plays an important role in

today's economy, the research based on the impact of the digital economy is meaningful

The key indicators of the influence of the economy are various, but the GDP factor is

undeniably one of the most essential of all As the impact of economic growth on a

country is great, good economic growth means that the country is moving in the right direction, and it is closely related to people's lives (Soares, 2004)

- The study also explores the impact of the digital economy on the GDP in

Southeast Asia Countries

- This study would help to identify how workers can cope and adapt to the

changes in technology In some companies or organizations, new methods of working

and the introduction of new technology is important to adapt to the current economy and market trends

- Finally, this study also helps to determine whether the digital economy significantly affects the employment of the mentioned countries

4 The methodology used in the thesis:

- The methodology used to collect data: Use secondary data which are collected

from World Development Indicators of the World Bank

- The methodology used to analyze data: Descriptive Analysis and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression

5 Contents and main findings of the thesis:

- Contents: Three main sections:

Section |: Overview of the topic

Section II: Model Specification and Data

Section Ill: Estimation

- Main findings:

GDP and Fixed broadband subscriptions have a positive relationship

GDP and Internet users have a positive relationship

GDP and High-technology exports have a positive relationship

GDP and Mobile cellular subscriptions have a positive relationship

GDP and Secure Internet servers have a positive relationship

4 The methodology used in the thesis:

- The methodology used to collect data: Use secondary data which are collected

from World Development Indicators of the World Bank

- The methodology used to analyze data: Descriptive Analysis and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression

5 Contents and main findings of the thesis:

- Contents: Three main sections:

Section |: Overview of the topic

Section II: Model Specification and Data

Section Ill: Estimation

- Main findings:

GDP and Fixed broadband subscriptions have a positive relationship

GDP and Internet users have a positive relationship

GDP and High-technology exports have a positive relationship

GDP and Mobile cellular subscriptions have a positive relationship

GDP and Secure Internet servers have a positive relationship

ABBREVIATIONS

nternet

High-technology exports

servers

ABBREVIATIONS

nternet

High-technology exports

servers

2.4.1.2 Descriptive statistics and interpretation for each variable 13 2.4.2 Correlation Matrix between variables che 15

SECTION III: ESTIMATION LH HH iu 18

3.1 Estimated model -‹‹ - k** SH Tnhh tệp 18 3.2 Sample regression funcfÏO' - nh HH HH HH Hrket 18

SA n 9090-00 9n da ăăăă 19 3.3.1 Statistical significance of individual coefficiens .c.ằ 19 3.3.2 Fixed Broadband Subscrip†ions ch He 19 3.3.3 Internet US@FS ch KHE kg kkt 19 3.3.4 High-technology @XpOFÏS nh Tnhh TH kh kh khi 20 3.3.5 Mobile cellular subscrip†iOnS c nhe 20 3.3.6 Secure Interne† S©€rV©FS i ee nhu 20

3.4 Overall significance of the multiple regression .ị nhe 21

3.5 Joint significance of the price of red meat and the price of chicken 21 3.6 Consistency of the regression results with the theories 22 3.7 The model’s coefficient of determinations cece eee eeeeee senna 22 3.8 The regression coeffici@nnÏS eee nh nh HH kh rệt 23 3.8.1 Meaning of the estimated coefficierS nhe ke 23 3.8.2 RecommendatiOnS .-c chén Tnhh 23

CONCLUSION 1n nh (“ca .Ả 25 mini) 901 ad eee eee sneeeenneeeeetaeencae 27 APPENDIXES nh KHE KH KT KH KĐT kku 30 PERSONAL CONTRIBUTION nh HH HH khu 32

ABBREVIATIONS

nternet

High-technology exports

servers

2.4.1.2 Descriptive statistics and interpretation for each variable 13 2.4.2 Correlation Matrix between variables che 15

SECTION III: ESTIMATION LH HH iu 18

3.1 Estimated model -‹‹ - k** SH Tnhh tệp 18 3.2 Sample regression funcfÏO' - nh HH HH HH Hrket 18

SA n 9090-00 9n da ăăăă 19 3.3.1 Statistical significance of individual coefficiens .c.ằ 19 3.3.2 Fixed Broadband Subscrip†ions ch He 19 3.3.3 Internet US@FS ch KHE kg kkt 19 3.3.4 High-technology @XpOFÏS nh Tnhh TH kh kh khi 20 3.3.5 Mobile cellular subscrip†iOnS c nhe 20 3.3.6 Secure Interne† S©€rV©FS i ee nhu 20

3.4 Overall significance of the multiple regression .ị nhe 21

3.5 Joint significance of the price of red meat and the price of chicken 21 3.6 Consistency of the regression results with the theories 22 3.7 The model’s coefficient of determinations cece eee eeeeee senna 22 3.8 The regression coeffici@nnÏS eee nh nh HH kh rệt 23 3.8.1 Meaning of the estimated coefficierS nhe ke 23 3.8.2 RecommendatiOnS .-c chén Tnhh 23

CONCLUSION 1n nh (“ca .Ả 25 mini) 901 ad eee eee sneeeenneeeeetaeencae 27 APPENDIXES nh KHE KH KT KH KĐT kku 30 PERSONAL CONTRIBUTION nh HH HH khu 32

- To justify the impacts between secure Internet servers and GDP in

Southeast Asia countries

The four main research questions to be answered in this study are as follows:

- Does fixed broadband subscriptions have a positive impact on GDP

in Southeast Asia countries?

- Do internet users give a positive impact on GDP in Southeast Asia countries?

- Do high-technology exports significantly impact GDP in Southeast Asia countries?

- Do mobile cellular subscriptions positively influence GDP in

Southeast Asia countries?

- Does secure Internet servers positively influence GDP in Southeast Asia countries?

Due to the speedy development of technology which plays an important role in

today's economy, the research based on the impact of the digital economy is meaningful

The key indicators of the influence of the economy are various, but the GDP factor is

undeniably one of the most essential of all As the impact of economic growth on a

country is great, good economic growth means that the country is moving in the right direction, and it is closely related to people's lives (Soares, 2004)

- The study also explores the impact of the digital economy on the GDP in

Southeast Asia Countries

- This study would help to identify how workers can cope and adapt to the

changes in technology In some companies or organizations, new methods of working

and the introduction of new technology is important to adapt to the current economy and market trends

- Finally, this study also helps to determine whether the digital economy significantly affects the employment of the mentioned countries

ABBREVIATIONS

nternet

High-technology exports

servers

2.4.1.2 Descriptive statistics and interpretation for each variable 13 2.4.2 Correlation Matrix between variables che 15

SECTION III: ESTIMATION LH HH iu 18

3.1 Estimated model -‹‹ - k** SH Tnhh tệp 18 3.2 Sample regression funcfÏO' - nh HH HH HH Hrket 18

SA n 9090-00 9n da ăăăă 19 3.3.1 Statistical significance of individual coefficiens .c.ằ 19 3.3.2 Fixed Broadband Subscrip†ions ch He 19 3.3.3 Internet US@FS ch KHE kg kkt 19 3.3.4 High-technology @XpOFÏS nh Tnhh TH kh kh khi 20 3.3.5 Mobile cellular subscrip†iOnS c nhe 20 3.3.6 Secure Interne† S©€rV©FS i ee nhu 20

3.4 Overall significance of the multiple regression .ị nhe 21

3.5 Joint significance of the price of red meat and the price of chicken 21 3.6 Consistency of the regression results with the theories 22 3.7 The model’s coefficient of determinations cece eee eeeeee senna 22 3.8 The regression coeffici@nnÏS eee nh nh HH kh rệt 23 3.8.1 Meaning of the estimated coefficierS nhe ke 23 3.8.2 RecommendatiOnS .-c chén Tnhh 23

CONCLUSION 1n nh (“ca .Ả 25 mini) 901 ad eee eee sneeeenneeeeetaeencae 27 APPENDIXES nh KHE KH KT KH KĐT kku 30 PERSONAL CONTRIBUTION nh HH HH khu 32

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Variable definition table ee tcc eee TH nh kh 11 Table 2: Descriptive Analysis RfeSull - HH KH hhhrky 14 Table 3: GDP data descCriptiOn - ch HT KH tk ket 14 Table 4: BROAD data descripfion ch khi iu 14 Table 5: USERH data description Ác nh Ho kh kh khu 14 Table 6: HIGH data description c nnnnnn nh HH nhe kh kh kh 15 Table 7: MOBILE data description - HH kh kh 15 Table 8: SERVER data description SH KHE KH kku 15 Table 9: The correlation matrix table ne n SH HH HH 16 Table 10: Regression result for restricted model che 18 Table 11: Regression result for restricted model che 18 Table 12: Meaning of the estimated coefficienf†s chau 23

4 The methodology used in the thesis:

- The methodology used to collect data: Use secondary data which are collected

from World Development Indicators of the World Bank

- The methodology used to analyze data: Descriptive Analysis and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression

5 Contents and main findings of the thesis:

- Contents: Three main sections:

Section |: Overview of the topic

Section II: Model Specification and Data

Section Ill: Estimation

- Main findings:

GDP and Fixed broadband subscriptions have a positive relationship

GDP and Internet users have a positive relationship

GDP and High-technology exports have a positive relationship

GDP and Mobile cellular subscriptions have a positive relationship

GDP and Secure Internet servers have a positive relationship

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Variable definition table ee tcc eee TH nh kh 11 Table 2: Descriptive Analysis RfeSull - HH KH hhhrky 14 Table 3: GDP data descCriptiOn - ch HT KH tk ket 14 Table 4: BROAD data descripfion ch khi iu 14 Table 5: USERH data description Ác nh Ho kh kh khu 14 Table 6: HIGH data description c nnnnnn nh HH nhe kh kh kh 15 Table 7: MOBILE data description - HH kh kh 15 Table 8: SERVER data description SH KHE KH kku 15 Table 9: The correlation matrix table ne n SH HH HH 16 Table 10: Regression result for restricted model che 18 Table 11: Regression result for restricted model che 18 Table 12: Meaning of the estimated coefficienf†s chau 23

ABBREVIATIONS

nternet

High-technology exports

servers

ABSTRACT

Throughout the development of history, technology and innovation have long been the key drivers that promote the advancement of civilization in many

aspects Especially when the global economy has been undergoing a digital

transformation, in line with the explosion in digital innovation, digital infrastructure needs are now constantly increasing as it is one of the important factors that paint a new vision in any country’s economic growth The digital

infrastructure and digital technologies support a range of innovative businesses in

the sharing economy, social media, mobile information services, electronic retailing, and ad-supported media, and hence, thanks to the assistance of digital

infrastructure and technologies, these digital services continue to grow and take

on more importance in GDP Therefore, this research aims to examine the impact

of digital economy factors (especially digital infrastructure and technologies factors) on the total GDP of 11 Southeast Asia countries during the 10 years fro m

2008 to 2017 The study produced a regression model that could be used to interpret GDP numbers throughout the 10-year process The research may provide readers with a better understanding of the interplay among the factors that facilitate or impede the GDP of each nation in Southeast Asia, and thus enhance people's acknowledgment of their country's economic growth Our research will address four central questions of the problem about the topic:

- To identify the impacts between fixed broadband subscriptions and GDP in Southeast Asia countries

- To analyze the impacts of internet users and the GDP of Southeast Asia countries

- To justify the impacts between high-technology exports and GDP

in Southeast Asia countries

- To justify the impacts between mobile cellular subscriptions and GDP in Southeast Asia countries

4 The methodology used in the thesis:

- The methodology used to collect data: Use secondary data which are collected

from World Development Indicators of the World Bank

- The methodology used to analyze data: Descriptive Analysis and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression

5 Contents and main findings of the thesis:

- Contents: Three main sections:

Section |: Overview of the topic

Section II: Model Specification and Data

Section Ill: Estimation

- Main findings:

GDP and Fixed broadband subscriptions have a positive relationship

GDP and Internet users have a positive relationship

GDP and High-technology exports have a positive relationship

GDP and Mobile cellular subscriptions have a positive relationship

GDP and Secure Internet servers have a positive relationship

ABSTRACT

Throughout the development of history, technology and innovation have long been the key drivers that promote the advancement of civilization in many

aspects Especially when the global economy has been undergoing a digital

transformation, in line with the explosion in digital innovation, digital infrastructure needs are now constantly increasing as it is one of the important factors that paint a new vision in any country’s economic growth The digital

infrastructure and digital technologies support a range of innovative businesses in

the sharing economy, social media, mobile information services, electronic retailing, and ad-supported media, and hence, thanks to the assistance of digital

infrastructure and technologies, these digital services continue to grow and take

on more importance in GDP Therefore, this research aims to examine the impact

of digital economy factors (especially digital infrastructure and technologies factors) on the total GDP of 11 Southeast Asia countries during the 10 years fro m

2008 to 2017 The study produced a regression model that could be used to interpret GDP numbers throughout the 10-year process The research may provide readers with a better understanding of the interplay among the factors that facilitate or impede the GDP of each nation in Southeast Asia, and thus enhance people's acknowledgment of their country's economic growth Our research will address four central questions of the problem about the topic:

- To identify the impacts between fixed broadband subscriptions and GDP in Southeast Asia countries

- To analyze the impacts of internet users and the GDP of Southeast Asia countries

- To justify the impacts between high-technology exports and GDP

in Southeast Asia countries

- To justify the impacts between mobile cellular subscriptions and GDP in Southeast Asia countries

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1: Variable definition table ee tcc eee TH nh kh 11 Table 2: Descriptive Analysis RfeSull - HH KH hhhrky 14 Table 3: GDP data descCriptiOn - ch HT KH tk ket 14 Table 4: BROAD data descripfion ch khi iu 14 Table 5: USERH data description Ác nh Ho kh kh khu 14 Table 6: HIGH data description c nnnnnn nh HH nhe kh kh kh 15 Table 7: MOBILE data description - HH kh kh 15 Table 8: SERVER data description SH KHE KH kku 15 Table 9: The correlation matrix table ne n SH HH HH 16 Table 10: Regression result for restricted model che 18 Table 11: Regression result for restricted model che 18 Table 12: Meaning of the estimated coefficienf†s chau 23

2.4.1.2 Descriptive statistics and interpretation for each variable 13 2.4.2 Correlation Matrix between variables che 15

SECTION III: ESTIMATION LH HH iu 18

3.1 Estimated model -‹‹ - k** SH Tnhh tệp 18 3.2 Sample regression funcfÏO' - nh HH HH HH Hrket 18

SA n 9090-00 9n da ăăăă 19 3.3.1 Statistical significance of individual coefficiens .c.ằ 19 3.3.2 Fixed Broadband Subscrip†ions ch He 19 3.3.3 Internet US@FS ch KHE kg kkt 19 3.3.4 High-technology @XpOFÏS nh Tnhh TH kh kh khi 20 3.3.5 Mobile cellular subscrip†iOnS c nhe 20 3.3.6 Secure Interne† S©€rV©FS i ee nhu 20

3.4 Overall significance of the multiple regression .ị nhe 21

3.5 Joint significance of the price of red meat and the price of chicken 21 3.6 Consistency of the regression results with the theories 22 3.7 The model’s coefficient of determinations cece eee eeeeee senna 22 3.8 The regression coeffici@nnÏS eee nh nh HH kh rệt 23 3.8.1 Meaning of the estimated coefficierS nhe ke 23 3.8.2 RecommendatiOnS .-c chén Tnhh 23

CONCLUSION 1n nh (“ca .Ả 25 mini) 901 ad eee eee sneeeenneeeeetaeencae 27 APPENDIXES nh KHE KH KT KH KĐT kku 30 PERSONAL CONTRIBUTION nh HH HH khu 32

ABSTRACT

Throughout the development of history, technology and innovation have long been the key drivers that promote the advancement of civilization in many

aspects Especially when the global economy has been undergoing a digital

transformation, in line with the explosion in digital innovation, digital infrastructure needs are now constantly increasing as it is one of the important factors that paint a new vision in any country’s economic growth The digital

infrastructure and digital technologies support a range of innovative businesses in

the sharing economy, social media, mobile information services, electronic retailing, and ad-supported media, and hence, thanks to the assistance of digital

infrastructure and technologies, these digital services continue to grow and take

on more importance in GDP Therefore, this research aims to examine the impact

of digital economy factors (especially digital infrastructure and technologies factors) on the total GDP of 11 Southeast Asia countries during the 10 years fro m

2008 to 2017 The study produced a regression model that could be used to interpret GDP numbers throughout the 10-year process The research may provide readers with a better understanding of the interplay among the factors that facilitate or impede the GDP of each nation in Southeast Asia, and thus enhance people's acknowledgment of their country's economic growth Our research will address four central questions of the problem about the topic:

- To identify the impacts between fixed broadband subscriptions and GDP in Southeast Asia countries

- To analyze the impacts of internet users and the GDP of Southeast Asia countries

- To justify the impacts between high-technology exports and GDP

in Southeast Asia countries

- To justify the impacts between mobile cellular subscriptions and GDP in Southeast Asia countries

TABLE OF CONTENT

SECTION |: OVERVIEW OF THE TOPICO LH He 3

BI 2/910 ae k6 dd 3 1.1.1 General theory of GDP (gross domestic produc†) căn 3

"h1 v ha Ô (‹dj 3 hs: co na a 3 1.1.1.3 Roles of GDP Hddáại1 didddi1Ănố ỀêẼ 4 1.2 General theory of digital @COnOTy c nh HH KH 4

"vn rn 7ô 4dđaa 4 1.2.2 ClassifiCa†iOnS i nh KH KH kh KHE KH 5 1.2.3 Roles of the digital @COnOrT án Tnhh nghe 6 1.3 Economic theories rela†ed HH TH HH ket 6 1.4 Related published researches - LH Tnhh 7

SECTION II: MODEL SPECIFICATION AND DATA eo 9

ÊN 2i(2c9 92 n0 (43 9 2.1.1 Methodology used to collect da†a ch nhện 9 2.1.2 Methodology used to analyze dal†a ng ke 9 2.2 Theoretical model specificatiOn - nh Hành 9 2.2.1 Model specificatiOr' ch nh” kh kh Hy 9 2.2.2 Variables explanafion ch kh 10 2.3 Theoretical relatioònships between variables - che 11 2.3.1 Relationship between Broadband Subscriptions and GDP 11 2.3.2 Relationship between Internet Users and GDP cc eeceeeeeeeeestteeeeeeee 11 2.3.3 Relationship between High-technology exports and GDP 12 2.3.4 Relationship between Mobile cellular subscriptions and GDP 12 2.3.5 Relationship between Secure Internet servers and GDP 12 2.4 Descriptive AnalWSÏS ch KHE khi 13 2.4.1 Descriptive s†a†iS[ÏCS nh HH kh kh kiệt 13 2.4.1.1 Source of statistical da†a cc- Tnhh nh key 13

4 The methodology used in the thesis:

- The methodology used to collect data: Use secondary data which are collected

from World Development Indicators of the World Bank

- The methodology used to analyze data: Descriptive Analysis and Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression

5 Contents and main findings of the thesis:

- Contents: Three main sections:

Section |: Overview of the topic

Section II: Model Specification and Data

Section Ill: Estimation

- Main findings:

GDP and Fixed broadband subscriptions have a positive relationship

GDP and Internet users have a positive relationship

GDP and High-technology exports have a positive relationship

GDP and Mobile cellular subscriptions have a positive relationship

GDP and Secure Internet servers have a positive relationship