Luận văn a study of politeness strategies in the conversational activities of the coursebook new headway pre intermediate the third edition

However, a large proportion of Vietnamese stufenls have not yel been sueeessfid in communication as they may fail to understand the conversation or cannot express exactly what they want

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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNEVERSITY, HANOE UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATLONAL STUDIES

FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES

Tran Thi Phuong

A STUDY OF POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN TIE CONVERSATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF THE COURSEBOOK

“NEW HEADWAY” PRE-INT ERMEDIATE (THE THIRD EDITION)

"Nghiên cứu các chiếu lược lịch sự được sử dụng trong các bài hội thoại của

giáo trình giao tiếp NEW HEADWAY Pre-intermediate (Phién ban 3)

MA THESIS (MTNOR)

: English Linguistics : 6022 18

Hanoi,2011

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VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOE UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES

Trần Thị Phượng

A STUDY OF POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN TIIE CONVERSATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF ‘THE COURSEBOOK

“NEW HEADWAY” PRE-INT ERMEDIATE (THE THIRD EDITION)

Nghiên cứu các chiến lược lịch sự được sử dụng trong các bài hội thoại của

giao trình piau tiếp NEW HEADWAY Pre-intermediate (Phién hẳn 3)

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

*Statement of authorship

* Acknowledgements

“Abstract

Man ccs tie tees eee eee was ees ne

“Last of tables and charts

PART I: INTRODUCTION

1 Rationate

2 Aims of the Study

3 Scope of the Study

4, Methodology neseneninenennenincmiennnisie

Design of the study

PART 0: DEVELOPMENT

Chapter 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROL

1 Language and culture

I Communicative Competence (C.C.)

TIL Speech Aets (SA) coi

TV Politzness and Politeness Stralepies

T1V.1 Delinitions of politeness -.àc cv

IV.2 Face

IV.3 Politaness Strategie§ cee Heo

IV.3.L Positive politeness strategies

1V.3.2, Negative politenoss strategies wasn

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1 Abstract

Nowadays, when language serves as a means of communication, English has become indispensable means of international communication, Everybody wants to leam and use iinglish for various purposes However, a large proportion of Vietnamese stufenls have not yel been sueeessfid in communication as they may fail to understand the conversation or cannot express exactly what they want to

Awareness of politeness strategies used in language is then a suitable way to help slucdents be more successfill in every day conversations

‘his study is to focus on positive and negative politeness strategies in conversations of the couse book “Naw Headway PreInferncdiats (Ths Third Rdition)”, with an aim lo help the sludents at Thang Long University improve their awareness of posilive and negative politeness strategies in conversational activities in the course book mentioned above, thus to apply these slralegies in their everyday conversations in English

In the course book “New Headway Pre-Intermediate (Ihe ‘Third Edition)”, typical

conversation activities ae classified into “Requasting”, “Making suggestions”, “Inviling” and

“Sovial behaviors” and then analyzed mainly in the light of the politeness theories of Brown & Levinson and Nguyen Quang ‘I'he research shows that the frequency of positive and negative pofilencss stralegics depends not only on the purpose of the interactions but also onthe relationship between speakers and hearers in communication

Last but not Izast, some suggestions for lcaming and tcaching positive and negative

politeness strategies are also presented

Keywords: politeness, politeness strategies, positive politeness strategies, negative politeness

stralegivs

2 Introduction

People use language differently ta communicate with cach other They may express sane

meaning with various different fumetions of speech These differences are contributed to social

factors, Understanding social conventions and paying attention to such concepts as politeness and faco, which aro importan to members in a partionlar cullure, will coriainly enable us to

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Chapter 2: POSITIVE ANID NEGATIVE POLITENESS STRATEGIES FOUND IN THE

1, Sampling process Error! Bookmark not defined.1

2 Balance of positive and negative politeness strategies used in NIIW Error! Bookmark not deflned.1

3, Analyzing positive politeness stratcgics uscd in NHW Error! Bookmark not defined.2

4 Analyzing negative politeness strategies used in NHWError! Bookmark not defined.4

im torms of functions of

5 The frequency of positive and negative pelikznoss siraLzgic:

II Positive and Negative Politeness Strategies and the S-H relationship Error! Bookmark

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Chapter 3: IMPLICATIONS FOR POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN TEACHING

ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE IN THANG LONG UNIVERSITY

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IL Limitation of the study and suggestions for further research Error! Bookmark not defined.3

References

Appendix

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4 Methodolegy

The major method that the author has employed is quantitative with the reference to qualitative method as this sindy is mainly about the practical aspects of cross-cultural communication, AD the cansidcrations and conclusions arc based on the analysis and referonec

‘he main procedures are:

- Reference to publications

= Discussion with supervisor

- Discussion with colleagues

- Discussion with students

- Personal obscrvatrous

5 Design of the study

The study is divided into threc parts

Part Fis the introduction which presents the rationale, aims of study, scope of the study and methodology

Part IT is the development which consists of three chaplers Chapter 1 pravides the theoretical background on language and culture, communicative competence, speech act and politeness strategies Chapter 2 analyzes positive and negative politeness strategies found in the conversational activities of the course book “New ITeadway” (Pre- Intermediate-The Third Edition) in tenns of ficquency of positive and negative politeness strategies used in such functions as “Requesting”, “Making suggestion”, “Responding”,

“fnviting” and Social behavior” Tt also pays allenion to the influnce of S-IT relationships on politeness strategies, Chapter 3 gives the implications for learning and teaching politeness strategies for students at ‘Thang Long University, supplementary

and activities for erass-cuttural study

Part iifis the conclusion which summatizes the study and gives some Limitations

of the study and suggestions for further research.

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always consider negative politeness as a polite and formal way of communicating, Meanwhile, Kastem people tend to use positive politeness in almost all inferactions ‘Ihat is why when teaching politeness strategies used in conversational activities of “New Lleadway Pre- Intermediate (ite Third Edition)” the Wacher should know boul this difference to help avoid miscommunication Also, it should be noted that it is necessary to teach cross-culture and polileness for the students so lal the sludents can overcome all difficullies or cullure shock in

real-life communication

In conclusion, leaching Tinglish should not be separated from teaching ils cullure and ils politeness strategies, In order to help the students, especially the ones at TLU to acquire English effectrvely while using the course book “New ileadway Pre-intermediate (the ‘Third tidition)”, polilencss strategies shauld be highlighted by teacher Some of the effective ways for studying and understanding politcness of English will be prescntcd in cultural cxcreiscs and activities on

politeness in the next section

7, Exercises and activitics for the course book “New Headway” (Pre-Intermediate

level)

Exercise 1: Greeting

1 Study these dialogues and answer the following questions

1 Which dialogue is the most polite? Why?

2 Which dialogue is the least polite? Why?

3 In which situation is cach dialogue uscd?

Dialogue 1

A: Hello, Mary How are yau?

B: Fine, thank you, And you?

A: Not bad, thanks

Dialogue 2

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1 Abstract

stralegivs

2 Introduction

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not defined.2

References

Appendix

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batter comprehend the different ways of speaking by people from différent cultures, thus helping climinate ethnic stereotypes and misunderstandings

Cultural knowledge is obviously an important key for Vietnamese students to succeed in learning English because second language learning is second culture leaming, In order to acquire the second langnage- English, it is necessary to leam not only linguistic knowledge and interaction skills but also knowledge of the culture, Cultural factors are included in the course designs in universities and schools today When understanding the cultural factors students have chances to

expose themselves {o native speaking environments Normally, Vietnamese students tend to

employ English based on their own cultural experience and thus, cause misinterpretation in communication ‘I'hey sometimes appear impolite, unfriendly or even hostile by chance Llence,

lo cormmunicats well across cules sturfonis rmst, be aware of their own culture and the Engtish culture as well, especially the hidden parts of the targct culture including politeness stratzgics used in everyday conversations Politeness is really an important part in all social interactions The author of this study aims to investigate and draw oul the important role of positive and negative politeness strategies in conversational activities of the course book “New Headway”

(Pre-Intermediate-I'he 'Third Kdition) by John and Liz Soars so as fo improve the teaching of

communication in English

3 Aims of the Study

The study is carried out to achieve the following objectives

- ‘To find out the important roles of politeness in social communication, especially in

oross-cultural cornmnnication

- ‘To identify positive and negative politeness strategies in most typical contextual enviroumionts in tho conversational activitics of the course hook “New Headway”

(Pre-Intermediate- The Third Edition)

+ To suggest some effective and cfficiont ways af teaching positive and nogative

politeness strategies

- To collect and design potential cross-cultural activitics and cxcreiscs to help students

avoid misinterpretation in cross-cultural communication

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A: Good morning, Sarah

B: Good morning, Peter How is everything?

A: That’s OK Thanks

Dialogue 3:

1H

A: Hil Thaven't seen you so long How are you getting on?

B: How do you da? My name is Mary Lively Nice to meet you!

Discuss and find out the similarities and differences in greetings (in these situations) in English and Vietnamese

Exercise 2: Make Arrangement

1

4

How can you arrange the meeting based on the following situalions

Make arrangement to play a sport

The time is na good for A Ask for another time

Say that is not possible and affer another time

A t and say goodhye

What can you say in the following situations?

‘You want to go to the dentist Wall on Saturday, so now phone the dentist’s receptionist to make an appointment

You phone your Biend for a meeting in a pub this evening

You fiend wants you to go to the theatre with hinvher tomorrow but you reject because

you are busy writing a report

IIL Discuss and see if you say in the same way in Vietnamese in these situations

Exercise 3: Request Conversation and Request situation.

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6 Tmpli

ons for teaching positive and negative politeness strategies Apparently, having good knowledge of politeness strategies is essential in language Wwaching process and politeness strategics help to keep the conversations geing in a stooth, natural and effzctve way,

Therefore, good methods for teaching culture in gencral and politeness in particular in foreign language teaching need to be focused and discussed, especially when teaching the

communicative couse book

Long University (TLU)

ew Tleadway Predntermediate (the Third Rditiou)” at Thang

Firsily, through the book “Now Hoadway Prodntermedial: (Ihe Third Rdition}”- ø culture- related material, the teacher ought to help the students understand more about cultural values and be aware of cultural differences That is, the students may be pointed out whether positive or negative potilenes

alegies are acceplable or preferable in Piiglish or in Vielnarnese

in certain conversational activities, They should grasp the reality that some linguistic expressions which are appropnate in English cannot be interpreted in Vietnamese and vice versa

Secondly, teaching a language with its functions, or speech acts rather than structures should be emphasized by teachers in fact, most students who have the knowledge of structures only can make something grammatically emrcel bul cullurally inappropriate or impolite, In real life communication, to be polite or show respect is more important than the meaning of words

together Thus, the teacher is suggested to instmnct students about what to say and how to say

politely ia English in a certain situation, Polite or appropriate utterances should be subtly introduced in a way that language functions are focuses as well as foun

Finally, when toaching ““New Headway Pre-Tnlermodiale (the Third Rdition)” Isachers are advised to create chances of social interactions for students because one of the best ways to teach social Linglish is through social situations Under the teacher’s instruction, students are given situations and cncouraged to join the conversations, Through daily conversations the teacher may help them recognize which utterances are acceptable or polite in English

Clearky, English which belongs to Western cultures is quite different from Vietnamese or

Kastem cultures Therefore, when teaching politeness ot politeness strategies used in

communication, tcachers rust have a deep understanding about Exyglish speaking cultures which

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not defined.2

References

Appendix

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Dialogue 3:

1H

1

4

A t and say goodhye

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level)

Dialogue 1

A: Not bad, thanks

Dialogue 2

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Dialogue 3:

1H

1

4

A t and say goodhye

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1 Abstract

stralegivs

2 Introduction

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not defined.2

References

Appendix

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level)

Dialogue 1

A: Not bad, thanks

Dialogue 2

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not defined.2

References

Appendix

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3 Aims of the Study

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level)

Dialogue 1

A: Not bad, thanks

Dialogue 2

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level)

Dialogue 1

A: Not bad, thanks

Dialogue 2

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4 Methodolegy

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6 Tmpli

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6 Tmpli

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3 Aims of the Study

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not defined.2

References

Appendix

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6 Tmpli

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3 Aims of the Study

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level)

Dialogue 1

A: Not bad, thanks

Dialogue 2

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3 Aims of the Study

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4 Methodolegy

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3 Aims of the Study

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6 Tmpli

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4 Methodolegy

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1 Abstract

stralegivs

2 Introduction

Tiêu đề	A Study of Politeness Strategies in the Conversational Activities of the Coursebook New Headway Pre-Intermediate (Third Edition)
Tác giả	Tran Thi Phuong
Người hướng dẫn	Asso. Prof. Dr. Nguyễn Văn Độ
Trường học	Vietnam National University, Hanoi University of Languages and International Studies
Chuyên ngành	English Linguistics
Thể loại	Thesis
Năm xuất bản	2011
Thành phố	Hanoi

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