VIET NAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY-HA NOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES & INTERNATIONAT, STUDIES FACULTY OF POST — GRADUATE STUDIES AR RRR RRR TRAN TID HÃNG AN EVALUATION OF THE WRITING COMPONE
Trang 1TRAN TID TANG
AN EVALUATION OF THE WRITING COMPONENT IN THE
« ENGLISII 12 » TEXTBOOK IN TERMS OF CONTENT AND
METIIODOLOGY : A CASE AT UONG BI TIIGIE SCHOOL, QUANG
NINH PROVINCE
pANII GIA PHAN VIET TRONG CIIUONG TRINII SACII GIAO
CUU TAI TRUONG THPT UONG Bi, TINH QUANG NINH
M.A Minor Thesis
Ficld: English Mcthodology
Code: 60 1410
Hanoi — 2010
Trang 2
VIET NAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY-HA NOI
UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES & INTERNATIONAT, STUDIES
FACULTY OF POST — GRADUATE STUDIES
AR RRR RRR
TRAN TID HÃNG
AN EVALUATION OF THE WRITING COMPONENT IN THE
« ENGLISH 12 » TEXTBOOK IN TERMS OF CONTENT AND
METHODOLOGY : A CASE AT UONG BI HIGH SCHOOL, QUANG
NINH PROVINCE
DANII GIA PIIAN VIẾT TRONG CHƯƠNG TRÌNH SÁCH GIÁO
KHOA LOP 12 VE MAT NOI DUNG VA PHƯƠNG PHÁP : NGHIÊN
CỨU TẠI TRƯỜNG TIIPT UÔNG Bi, TINEI QUANG NINIL
MA Minor Thesis
Field: English Methodology
Code: 60 1410
Supervisor: Hoang Xuan Hoa, Ph.D
Hanoi - 2010
Trang 4
set of materials is suitable for a particular situation Most often materials evaluation is carried! ont to find ont the strengths and weaknesses af the materials so (hal changes nocd
to be made to improve the suitability and enhance the etféctiveness of the materials This is the reason why the researcher conducted an evaluation of the writing component in
“Tinglish 127 textbook
2, Aims of the study
‘The study is aimed to evaluate the Writing component in “English 12” textbook at Uong Bi
secondary school in terms of content and mothodatogy to determine whether il uly reflects the objectives prescribed by MOET for the course and suitable to the students’ needs of English It is expected that the findings from the study would make contribution
to the improvement of ths lexthook or propose changes to enhance the effectiveness of the material for the future use
3, Rescarch questions
The study is to find out the answers to the following research questions
1 Does the writing component of the “English 12” textbook mect the requirements of the course in terms of content and methodology?
2.18 the writing component, of the “Fngtish 12” lextbook suitable fo the students’ needs in terms of content and methodology?
4, Scope of the study
Though the author is awa
at in order to lave a comprehensive evaluation of any material, a great number of critaria should be taken into consideration, such as the audience, the content, the methodology, the cultural bias, the authenticity, the layout ete, and each
criterion needs taking inte account various aspects With the scope of this minor thesis, this
study is only aimed at cealnating the suitabilily of the writing component in English 12 textbook in the standard in terms of content and methodology
This study is a in-depth survey at Uong Bi Iligh School in Quang Ninh Therefore, the findings of the study arc not intended to be gencralized to other school contexts, Indeed the findings may not apply beyond the actual participants in this particular study
5, Significance of the study
The findings of the thesis will serve as a back-up for the improvements of the writing component in the “English 12° textbook, teachers’ method adjustment and materials adaptation as well Practically, the findings are beneficial for both teachers and learners at
Trang 5set of materials is suitable for a particular situation Most often materials evaluation is carried! ont to find ont the strengths and weaknesses af the materials so (hal changes nocd
to be made to improve the suitability and enhance the etféctiveness of the materials This is the reason why the researcher conducted an evaluation of the writing component in
“Tinglish 127 textbook
2, Aims of the study
‘The study is aimed to evaluate the Writing component in “English 12” textbook at Uong Bi
secondary school in terms of content and mothodatogy to determine whether il uly reflects the objectives prescribed by MOET for the course and suitable to the students’ needs of English It is expected that the findings from the study would make contribution
to the improvement of ths lexthook or propose changes to enhance the effectiveness of the material for the future use
3, Rescarch questions
The study is to find out the answers to the following research questions
1 Does the writing component of the “English 12” textbook mect the requirements of the course in terms of content and methodology?
2.18 the writing component, of the “Fngtish 12” lextbook suitable fo the students’ needs in terms of content and methodology?
4, Scope of the study
Though the author is awa
at in order to lave a comprehensive evaluation of any material, a great number of critaria should be taken into consideration, such as the audience, the content, the methodology, the cultural bias, the authenticity, the layout ete, and each
criterion needs taking inte account various aspects With the scope of this minor thesis, this
study is only aimed at cealnating the suitabilily of the writing component in English 12 textbook in the standard in terms of content and methodology
This study is a in-depth survey at Uong Bi Iligh School in Quang Ninh Therefore, the findings of the study arc not intended to be gencralized to other school contexts, Indeed the findings may not apply beyond the actual participants in this particular study
5, Significance of the study
The findings of the thesis will serve as a back-up for the improvements of the writing component in the “English 12° textbook, teachers’ method adjustment and materials adaptation as well Practically, the findings are beneficial for both teachers and learners at
Trang 6set of materials is suitable for a particular situation Most often materials evaluation is carried! ont to find ont the strengths and weaknesses af the materials so (hal changes nocd
to be made to improve the suitability and enhance the etféctiveness of the materials This is the reason why the researcher conducted an evaluation of the writing component in
“Tinglish 127 textbook
2, Aims of the study
‘The study is aimed to evaluate the Writing component in “English 12” textbook at Uong Bi
secondary school in terms of content and mothodatogy to determine whether il uly reflects the objectives prescribed by MOET for the course and suitable to the students’ needs of English It is expected that the findings from the study would make contribution
to the improvement of ths lexthook or propose changes to enhance the effectiveness of the material for the future use
3, Rescarch questions
The study is to find out the answers to the following research questions
1 Does the writing component of the “English 12” textbook mect the requirements of the course in terms of content and methodology?
2.18 the writing component, of the “Fngtish 12” lextbook suitable fo the students’ needs in terms of content and methodology?
4, Scope of the study
Though the author is awa
at in order to lave a comprehensive evaluation of any material, a great number of critaria should be taken into consideration, such as the audience, the content, the methodology, the cultural bias, the authenticity, the layout ete, and each
criterion needs taking inte account various aspects With the scope of this minor thesis, this
study is only aimed at cealnating the suitabilily of the writing component in English 12 textbook in the standard in terms of content and methodology
This study is a in-depth survey at Uong Bi Iligh School in Quang Ninh Therefore, the findings of the study arc not intended to be gencralized to other school contexts, Indeed the findings may not apply beyond the actual participants in this particular study
5, Significance of the study
The findings of the thesis will serve as a back-up for the improvements of the writing component in the “English 12° textbook, teachers’ method adjustment and materials adaptation as well Practically, the findings are beneficial for both teachers and learners at
Trang 76, Method of the study
In order to evaluate the writing component of the ‘English 12” textbook, document analysis
and survey questionnaires were cruployed lo addrass (he lwo questions bog invostigats Document analysis was one of the main instruments with a thorough objective analysis of the textbook under evaluation Survey questionnaire was used to collect the data that
tol:
sử to the toaclurs’ and students’ porspoclives and altitudes lowards the lexthook they have just finished, The findings are expected to provide convincing evidence for the contribution to the improvement of the textbook for the future use
7 Design of the study
The study consists of three parts: the introduction, the main content and the conclusion
‘The introduction provides the basic information such as the rationale of the study, the aims, the research questions, the scope, the significance of the study and the methods of the study
‘The main content is divided into 3 chapters Chapter one reviews the literature on materials evaluation 11 first presents the Totes and types of inalerials in language leaching, Then il presents major issues in materials evaluation, including reasons for materials evaluation, types of materials evaluation, who carries out and who provides data for materials evaluations, models for materials evaluation and criteria for materials evaluation Next it provides the information about mulcrials adaptation such as reasons for adapting and adapting techniques, Finally, it focuses on theoretical backgrounds to writing and teaching writing, which consists of reasons for teaching writing and main approaches to teaching writing This part plays an important role in the cvaluation of the writing component in the study Chapter two focuses on the methodology employed in the study, including the research questions, research method, dala collection procedures and the participants Chaptor thrag reports discussions of the results, the findings and the recommendations for the improvement of the materials, The conclusion presents a review of the study, the limitations and some suggestions for further research
Trang 8viii
2.2.3.1 Document analysis 22 2.2.3.2 Survey questionnaire 22 2.2.4, Data collection procedure
Chapter 3: Results and discussions
3.1 Document Analysis 35
3 1.1, Description of the writing component of in the “English 12
3.1.2 Requirements of the writing component of the course 25 3.2 The Survey Resulls - - 26
3.2.1 The appropriateness of the writing component to the content of the course 26 3.2.2 The appropriateness of the writing component in terms of tucthodology an - 33 3.3 Major Findings 36
3.3.1 The suitability of the writing component in the English 12 textbook to the
1 Conclusion of the study we "—
2 Limitations af the study " Al
3 Suggestions for fiather sPHÄÿ à óc ch HH Home 42 REFERENCES
APPENDIX 1: AN OVERVIEW OF THE WRITING COMPONENT IN THE ENGLISH 12
TEXTBOOK
APPENDIX 2: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR TEACHERS
APPENDIX 3: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR STUDENT
APPENDIX 4: QUESTIONNATRE FOR STUDENTS ( Vietnamese version) XIV
Trang 9
PART I: INTRODUCTION
1, Rationale of the study
Nowadays English has become increasingly important as a means of global communication and a lridge 1 mankind's knowledge In the process of global integration, the teaching and Jeaming English has become a great concem in Vietnam, Therefore, the government has changed the curriculum in order to tran the citizens who can use English for conmmmicative purposes Ry doing this, in 2002 the Ministry of Eđnealion and Training (MOET) announced a new textbook project for upper secondary school level The new textbooks comprised two sets Set 1, unofficially called “sách chuẩn” (¡e “standard texthooks”, was intended for students pusuing Ban cơ bản (.c The nomspecialization program) and Ban ty nhiễn (ie specialization in sciences) Set 2, unofficially called “Sich ning cao"tie advanced textbooks), was intended for Ban x4 héi (ie specialization in social sciences and hnmanities) Each set comprised of three books, from English 10 to English 12
‘The new English textbooks for high school students are claimed to adopt the latest teaching and learning approaches: comumicalive approach and learner-centered approach and aim
at developing both language skills and language knowledge for students, Each unit in the
new English textbooks consists of five parts: Reading, Speaking, Listening, Writing and Language Focus
English 10 and English 11 were approved and officially introducad into schools by MOET
in the academic years 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 respectively However, English 12 textbook has only been used nationwide since the academic year 2008-2009 Therefore, English 12 textbook is rather new (o the students and teachers and littls rescarch has boon cared out to evakuate this textbook
Uong Bi High school, ons of the high schools in the country, adopted “standard textbooks” Asa teacher of English, the rescarcher has worked quite closcly with the new textbooks It
is noticed that although the textbooks have shown a great deal of improvement compared
1o the olf series of gramnmar-based textbooks, the implementation of this textbook causes 4
largo tumiber of difficuttics, aspocially the writing componont
Evaluation of teaching matetials is obviously a very important process in language teaching and leaming The results from materials evaluation help to determine whether the
Trang 106, Method of the study
In order to evaluate the writing component of the ‘English 12” textbook, document analysis
and survey questionnaires were cruployed lo addrass (he lwo questions bog invostigats Document analysis was one of the main instruments with a thorough objective analysis of the textbook under evaluation Survey questionnaire was used to collect the data that
tol:
sử to the toaclurs’ and students’ porspoclives and altitudes lowards the lexthook they have just finished, The findings are expected to provide convincing evidence for the contribution to the improvement of the textbook for the future use
7 Design of the study
The study consists of three parts: the introduction, the main content and the conclusion
‘The introduction provides the basic information such as the rationale of the study, the aims, the research questions, the scope, the significance of the study and the methods of the study
‘The main content is divided into 3 chapters Chapter one reviews the literature on materials evaluation 11 first presents the Totes and types of inalerials in language leaching, Then il presents major issues in materials evaluation, including reasons for materials evaluation, types of materials evaluation, who carries out and who provides data for materials evaluations, models for materials evaluation and criteria for materials evaluation Next it provides the information about mulcrials adaptation such as reasons for adapting and adapting techniques, Finally, it focuses on theoretical backgrounds to writing and teaching writing, which consists of reasons for teaching writing and main approaches to teaching writing This part plays an important role in the cvaluation of the writing component in the study Chapter two focuses on the methodology employed in the study, including the research questions, research method, dala collection procedures and the participants Chaptor thrag reports discussions of the results, the findings and the recommendations for the improvement of the materials, The conclusion presents a review of the study, the limitations and some suggestions for further research
Trang 11PART I: INTRODUCTION
1, Rationale of the study
Nowadays English has become increasingly important as a means of global communication and a lridge 1 mankind's knowledge In the process of global integration, the teaching and Jeaming English has become a great concem in Vietnam, Therefore, the government has changed the curriculum in order to tran the citizens who can use English for conmmmicative purposes Ry doing this, in 2002 the Ministry of Eđnealion and Training (MOET) announced a new textbook project for upper secondary school level The new textbooks comprised two sets Set 1, unofficially called “sách chuẩn” (¡e “standard texthooks”, was intended for students pusuing Ban cơ bản (.c The nomspecialization program) and Ban ty nhiễn (ie specialization in sciences) Set 2, unofficially called “Sich ning cao"tie advanced textbooks), was intended for Ban x4 héi (ie specialization in social sciences and hnmanities) Each set comprised of three books, from English 10 to English 12
‘The new English textbooks for high school students are claimed to adopt the latest teaching and learning approaches: comumicalive approach and learner-centered approach and aim
at developing both language skills and language knowledge for students, Each unit in the
new English textbooks consists of five parts: Reading, Speaking, Listening, Writing and Language Focus
English 10 and English 11 were approved and officially introducad into schools by MOET
in the academic years 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 respectively However, English 12 textbook has only been used nationwide since the academic year 2008-2009 Therefore, English 12 textbook is rather new (o the students and teachers and littls rescarch has boon cared out to evakuate this textbook
Uong Bi High school, ons of the high schools in the country, adopted “standard textbooks” Asa teacher of English, the rescarcher has worked quite closcly with the new textbooks It
is noticed that although the textbooks have shown a great deal of improvement compared
1o the olf series of gramnmar-based textbooks, the implementation of this textbook causes 4
largo tumiber of difficuttics, aspocially the writing componont
Evaluation of teaching matetials is obviously a very important process in language teaching and leaming The results from materials evaluation help to determine whether the
Trang 12set of materials is suitable for a particular situation Most often materials evaluation is carried! ont to find ont the strengths and weaknesses af the materials so (hal changes nocd
to be made to improve the suitability and enhance the etféctiveness of the materials This is the reason why the researcher conducted an evaluation of the writing component in
“Tinglish 127 textbook
2, Aims of the study
‘The study is aimed to evaluate the Writing component in “English 12” textbook at Uong Bi
secondary school in terms of content and mothodatogy to determine whether il uly reflects the objectives prescribed by MOET for the course and suitable to the students’ needs of English It is expected that the findings from the study would make contribution
to the improvement of ths lexthook or propose changes to enhance the effectiveness of the material for the future use
3, Rescarch questions
The study is to find out the answers to the following research questions
1 Does the writing component of the “English 12” textbook mect the requirements of the course in terms of content and methodology?
2.18 the writing component, of the “Fngtish 12” lextbook suitable fo the students’ needs in terms of content and methodology?
4, Scope of the study
Though the author is awa
at in order to lave a comprehensive evaluation of any material, a great number of critaria should be taken into consideration, such as the audience, the content, the methodology, the cultural bias, the authenticity, the layout ete, and each
criterion needs taking inte account various aspects With the scope of this minor thesis, this
study is only aimed at cealnating the suitabilily of the writing component in English 12 textbook in the standard in terms of content and methodology
This study is a in-depth survey at Uong Bi Iligh School in Quang Ninh Therefore, the findings of the study arc not intended to be gencralized to other school contexts, Indeed the findings may not apply beyond the actual participants in this particular study
5, Significance of the study
The findings of the thesis will serve as a back-up for the improvements of the writing component in the “English 12° textbook, teachers’ method adjustment and materials adaptation as well Practically, the findings are beneficial for both teachers and learners at
Trang 13Scope of the study
Significance of the study
Mcthod of the study
7, Design of the study
PART 11: DEVELOPMENT
Chapter 1: Theorctical Background
1.1 Teaching Materials in Language Teaching and Learning
L.L.1 The roles of Teaching Materials - 4 1.1.2, Types of Materials
1.2 Materials Evaluation
1.2.1 The concepts of Materials Livaluation
1.2.2 The reasons for Malcrials Evaluation
1/2.3 Types of Materlals Evaluatlom chi
1.2.4 Materials l¿valuators
1.2.4.1 Maleridls Evalualion by QulSẪEF cà eceeriiriieeiE
1.2.4.2 Materials Evaluation by Iisider scene cnsieenniee cine
a
La
1.2.5 Models for Malerials Evaluation
1.2.5.1 Evaluation model hy Huchinson and Waters
1.2.5.2 Evalucation model by EWR8 cesses cso 1.2.5.3 Evaluation model by McDonough and Shaw 10
Trang 14set of materials is suitable for a particular situation Most often materials evaluation is carried! ont to find ont the strengths and weaknesses af the materials so (hal changes nocd
to be made to improve the suitability and enhance the etféctiveness of the materials This is the reason why the researcher conducted an evaluation of the writing component in
“Tinglish 127 textbook
2, Aims of the study
‘The study is aimed to evaluate the Writing component in “English 12” textbook at Uong Bi
secondary school in terms of content and mothodatogy to determine whether il uly reflects the objectives prescribed by MOET for the course and suitable to the students’ needs of English It is expected that the findings from the study would make contribution
to the improvement of ths lexthook or propose changes to enhance the effectiveness of the material for the future use
3, Rescarch questions
The study is to find out the answers to the following research questions
1 Does the writing component of the “English 12” textbook mect the requirements of the course in terms of content and methodology?
2.18 the writing component, of the “Fngtish 12” lextbook suitable fo the students’ needs in terms of content and methodology?
4, Scope of the study
Though the author is awa
at in order to lave a comprehensive evaluation of any material, a great number of critaria should be taken into consideration, such as the audience, the content, the methodology, the cultural bias, the authenticity, the layout ete, and each
criterion needs taking inte account various aspects With the scope of this minor thesis, this
study is only aimed at cealnating the suitabilily of the writing component in English 12 textbook in the standard in terms of content and methodology
This study is a in-depth survey at Uong Bi Iligh School in Quang Ninh Therefore, the findings of the study arc not intended to be gencralized to other school contexts, Indeed the findings may not apply beyond the actual participants in this particular study
5, Significance of the study
The findings of the thesis will serve as a back-up for the improvements of the writing component in the “English 12° textbook, teachers’ method adjustment and materials adaptation as well Practically, the findings are beneficial for both teachers and learners at
Trang 15Criteria defined by Huichinson and Waters 1H
1.4, Theoretical backgraunds to writing and teaching writing
1.4.1 Reasons for teaching writing 14 1.4.2 Main approaches to teaching writing 15
Chapter 2: The study
2.1 Gverview of the current situation of teaching and learning English writing
component at Vong Bi High School „18
2 1.1 The school context - 18
2.1.1.1 The teachers at Uong Bi high shool 18 2.1.1.3 The learners at Uong Bi high school si ce TẾ 2.1.2, The new English textbook for grade 12 (Standard Taxfbook) 18 2.1.3 The current teaching and learning of inglish 12 writing component at Liong
Bi High school - - 19
2.1.3.L-The opportunities of the context ào sec TÔ 2.1.3.2 The constraints of the context a 20 2.2 The study
2.2.1, Research questions „21 3.3.3 Parlicipards of the stuẩy au
2.2.2.1 The teachers 22 3.2.2.3 The SEUđSHfS cọ nhe e2
Trang 16Criteria defined by Huichinson and Waters 1H
1.4, Theoretical backgraunds to writing and teaching writing
1.4.1 Reasons for teaching writing 14 1.4.2 Main approaches to teaching writing 15
Chapter 2: The study
2.1 Gverview of the current situation of teaching and learning English writing
component at Vong Bi High School „18
2 1.1 The school context - 18
2.1.1.1 The teachers at Uong Bi high shool 18 2.1.1.3 The learners at Uong Bi high school si ce TẾ 2.1.2, The new English textbook for grade 12 (Standard Taxfbook) 18 2.1.3 The current teaching and learning of inglish 12 writing component at Liong
Bi High school - - 19
2.1.3.L-The opportunities of the context ào sec TÔ 2.1.3.2 The constraints of the context a 20 2.2 The study
2.2.1, Research questions „21 3.3.3 Parlicipards of the stuẩy au
2.2.2.1 The teachers 22 3.2.2.3 The SEUđSHfS cọ nhe e2
Trang 17LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
Figure 1 The materials evaluation nrodel of Hutchinson and Waters ( 1993: 98) 9 Figure 2: The process of writing (Tribble, 1996: 38) 17
Table 3.1 Teacher’s rank of the sinderts’ interest and students’ mterest on MOET topics
Table 3.3: The teachers and students’opinions about wsing four intergrated macro-skills in
Table 3.4: Teachers and students’ opinions about the amount of knowledge given in
Table 3.5: The students and teachers’ judgement on each part of the writing component in
Table 3.9: Students’ opinions of ihe teaching methods used by the teachers during the
Table 3.10: Students’ expectations about the ways the English teachers’ teaching writing
Table 3.11: Teachers and Students'opinions about kinds of tasks, exercises and guidance
Table 3.12 Teachers and Students’s opinions of the interaction patterns in the class
Trang 18Criteria defined by Huichinson and Waters 1H
1.4, Theoretical backgraunds to writing and teaching writing
1.4.1 Reasons for teaching writing 14 1.4.2 Main approaches to teaching writing 15
Chapter 2: The study
2.1 Gverview of the current situation of teaching and learning English writing
component at Vong Bi High School „18
2 1.1 The school context - 18
2.1.1.1 The teachers at Uong Bi high shool 18 2.1.1.3 The learners at Uong Bi high school si ce TẾ 2.1.2, The new English textbook for grade 12 (Standard Taxfbook) 18 2.1.3 The current teaching and learning of inglish 12 writing component at Liong
Bi High school - - 19
2.1.3.L-The opportunities of the context ào sec TÔ 2.1.3.2 The constraints of the context a 20 2.2 The study
2.2.1, Research questions „21 3.3.3 Parlicipards of the stuẩy au
2.2.2.1 The teachers 22 3.2.2.3 The SEUđSHfS cọ nhe e2
Trang 19viii
2.2.3.1 Document analysis 22 2.2.3.2 Survey questionnaire 22 2.2.4, Data collection procedure
Chapter 3: Results and discussions
3.1 Document Analysis 35
3 1.1, Description of the writing component of in the “English 12
3.1.2 Requirements of the writing component of the course 25 3.2 The Survey Resulls - - 26
3.2.1 The appropriateness of the writing component to the content of the course 26 3.2.2 The appropriateness of the writing component in terms of tucthodology an - 33 3.3 Major Findings 36
3.3.1 The suitability of the writing component in the English 12 textbook to the
1 Conclusion of the study we "—
2 Limitations af the study " Al
3 Suggestions for fiather sPHÄÿ à óc ch HH Home 42 REFERENCES
APPENDIX 1: AN OVERVIEW OF THE WRITING COMPONENT IN THE ENGLISH 12
TEXTBOOK
APPENDIX 2: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR TEACHERS
APPENDIX 3: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR STUDENT
APPENDIX 4: QUESTIONNATRE FOR STUDENTS ( Vietnamese version) XIV
Trang 20
PART I: INTRODUCTION
1, Rationale of the study
Nowadays English has become increasingly important as a means of global communication and a lridge 1 mankind's knowledge In the process of global integration, the teaching and Jeaming English has become a great concem in Vietnam, Therefore, the government has changed the curriculum in order to tran the citizens who can use English for conmmmicative purposes Ry doing this, in 2002 the Ministry of Eđnealion and Training (MOET) announced a new textbook project for upper secondary school level The new textbooks comprised two sets Set 1, unofficially called “sách chuẩn” (¡e “standard texthooks”, was intended for students pusuing Ban cơ bản (.c The nomspecialization program) and Ban ty nhiễn (ie specialization in sciences) Set 2, unofficially called “Sich ning cao"tie advanced textbooks), was intended for Ban x4 héi (ie specialization in social sciences and hnmanities) Each set comprised of three books, from English 10 to English 12
‘The new English textbooks for high school students are claimed to adopt the latest teaching and learning approaches: comumicalive approach and learner-centered approach and aim
at developing both language skills and language knowledge for students, Each unit in the
new English textbooks consists of five parts: Reading, Speaking, Listening, Writing and Language Focus
English 10 and English 11 were approved and officially introducad into schools by MOET
in the academic years 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 respectively However, English 12 textbook has only been used nationwide since the academic year 2008-2009 Therefore, English 12 textbook is rather new (o the students and teachers and littls rescarch has boon cared out to evakuate this textbook
Uong Bi High school, ons of the high schools in the country, adopted “standard textbooks” Asa teacher of English, the rescarcher has worked quite closcly with the new textbooks It
is noticed that although the textbooks have shown a great deal of improvement compared
1o the olf series of gramnmar-based textbooks, the implementation of this textbook causes 4
largo tumiber of difficuttics, aspocially the writing componont
Evaluation of teaching matetials is obviously a very important process in language teaching and leaming The results from materials evaluation help to determine whether the
Trang 21Scope of the study
Significance of the study
Mcthod of the study
7, Design of the study
PART 11: DEVELOPMENT
Chapter 1: Theorctical Background
1.1 Teaching Materials in Language Teaching and Learning
L.L.1 The roles of Teaching Materials - 4 1.1.2, Types of Materials
1.2 Materials Evaluation
1.2.1 The concepts of Materials Livaluation
1.2.2 The reasons for Malcrials Evaluation
1/2.3 Types of Materlals Evaluatlom chi
1.2.4 Materials l¿valuators
1.2.4.1 Maleridls Evalualion by QulSẪEF cà eceeriiriieeiE
1.2.4.2 Materials Evaluation by Iisider scene cnsieenniee cine
a
La
1.2.5 Models for Malerials Evaluation
1.2.5.1 Evaluation model hy Huchinson and Waters
1.2.5.2 Evalucation model by EWR8 cesses cso 1.2.5.3 Evaluation model by McDonough and Shaw 10
Trang 22Scope of the study
Significance of the study
Mcthod of the study
7, Design of the study
PART 11: DEVELOPMENT
Chapter 1: Theorctical Background
1.1 Teaching Materials in Language Teaching and Learning
L.L.1 The roles of Teaching Materials - 4 1.1.2, Types of Materials
1.2 Materials Evaluation
1.2.1 The concepts of Materials Livaluation
1.2.2 The reasons for Malcrials Evaluation
1/2.3 Types of Materlals Evaluatlom chi
1.2.4 Materials l¿valuators
1.2.4.1 Maleridls Evalualion by QulSẪEF cà eceeriiriieeiE
1.2.4.2 Materials Evaluation by Iisider scene cnsieenniee cine
a
La
1.2.5 Models for Malerials Evaluation
1.2.5.1 Evaluation model hy Huchinson and Waters
1.2.5.2 Evalucation model by EWR8 cesses cso 1.2.5.3 Evaluation model by McDonough and Shaw 10
Trang 23PART I: INTRODUCTION
1, Rationale of the study
Nowadays English has become increasingly important as a means of global communication and a lridge 1 mankind's knowledge In the process of global integration, the teaching and Jeaming English has become a great concem in Vietnam, Therefore, the government has changed the curriculum in order to tran the citizens who can use English for conmmmicative purposes Ry doing this, in 2002 the Ministry of Eđnealion and Training (MOET) announced a new textbook project for upper secondary school level The new textbooks comprised two sets Set 1, unofficially called “sách chuẩn” (¡e “standard texthooks”, was intended for students pusuing Ban cơ bản (.c The nomspecialization program) and Ban ty nhiễn (ie specialization in sciences) Set 2, unofficially called “Sich ning cao"tie advanced textbooks), was intended for Ban x4 héi (ie specialization in social sciences and hnmanities) Each set comprised of three books, from English 10 to English 12
‘The new English textbooks for high school students are claimed to adopt the latest teaching and learning approaches: comumicalive approach and learner-centered approach and aim
at developing both language skills and language knowledge for students, Each unit in the
new English textbooks consists of five parts: Reading, Speaking, Listening, Writing and Language Focus
English 10 and English 11 were approved and officially introducad into schools by MOET
in the academic years 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 respectively However, English 12 textbook has only been used nationwide since the academic year 2008-2009 Therefore, English 12 textbook is rather new (o the students and teachers and littls rescarch has boon cared out to evakuate this textbook
Uong Bi High school, ons of the high schools in the country, adopted “standard textbooks” Asa teacher of English, the rescarcher has worked quite closcly with the new textbooks It
is noticed that although the textbooks have shown a great deal of improvement compared
1o the olf series of gramnmar-based textbooks, the implementation of this textbook causes 4
largo tumiber of difficuttics, aspocially the writing componont
Evaluation of teaching matetials is obviously a very important process in language teaching and leaming The results from materials evaluation help to determine whether the
Trang 24LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
Figure 1 The materials evaluation nrodel of Hutchinson and Waters ( 1993: 98) 9 Figure 2: The process of writing (Tribble, 1996: 38) 17
Table 3.1 Teacher’s rank of the sinderts’ interest and students’ mterest on MOET topics
Table 3.3: The teachers and students’opinions about wsing four intergrated macro-skills in
Table 3.4: Teachers and students’ opinions about the amount of knowledge given in
Table 3.5: The students and teachers’ judgement on each part of the writing component in
Table 3.9: Students’ opinions of ihe teaching methods used by the teachers during the
Table 3.10: Students’ expectations about the ways the English teachers’ teaching writing
Table 3.11: Teachers and Students'opinions about kinds of tasks, exercises and guidance
Table 3.12 Teachers and Students’s opinions of the interaction patterns in the class
Trang 256, Method of the study
In order to evaluate the writing component of the ‘English 12” textbook, document analysis
and survey questionnaires were cruployed lo addrass (he lwo questions bog invostigats Document analysis was one of the main instruments with a thorough objective analysis of the textbook under evaluation Survey questionnaire was used to collect the data that
tol:
sử to the toaclurs’ and students’ porspoclives and altitudes lowards the lexthook they have just finished, The findings are expected to provide convincing evidence for the contribution to the improvement of the textbook for the future use
7 Design of the study
The study consists of three parts: the introduction, the main content and the conclusion
‘The introduction provides the basic information such as the rationale of the study, the aims, the research questions, the scope, the significance of the study and the methods of the study
‘The main content is divided into 3 chapters Chapter one reviews the literature on materials evaluation 11 first presents the Totes and types of inalerials in language leaching, Then il presents major issues in materials evaluation, including reasons for materials evaluation, types of materials evaluation, who carries out and who provides data for materials evaluations, models for materials evaluation and criteria for materials evaluation Next it provides the information about mulcrials adaptation such as reasons for adapting and adapting techniques, Finally, it focuses on theoretical backgrounds to writing and teaching writing, which consists of reasons for teaching writing and main approaches to teaching writing This part plays an important role in the cvaluation of the writing component in the study Chapter two focuses on the methodology employed in the study, including the research questions, research method, dala collection procedures and the participants Chaptor thrag reports discussions of the results, the findings and the recommendations for the improvement of the materials, The conclusion presents a review of the study, the limitations and some suggestions for further research
Trang 266, Method of the study
In order to evaluate the writing component of the ‘English 12” textbook, document analysis
and survey questionnaires were cruployed lo addrass (he lwo questions bog invostigats Document analysis was one of the main instruments with a thorough objective analysis of the textbook under evaluation Survey questionnaire was used to collect the data that
tol:
sử to the toaclurs’ and students’ porspoclives and altitudes lowards the lexthook they have just finished, The findings are expected to provide convincing evidence for the contribution to the improvement of the textbook for the future use
7 Design of the study
The study consists of three parts: the introduction, the main content and the conclusion
‘The introduction provides the basic information such as the rationale of the study, the aims, the research questions, the scope, the significance of the study and the methods of the study
‘The main content is divided into 3 chapters Chapter one reviews the literature on materials evaluation 11 first presents the Totes and types of inalerials in language leaching, Then il presents major issues in materials evaluation, including reasons for materials evaluation, types of materials evaluation, who carries out and who provides data for materials evaluations, models for materials evaluation and criteria for materials evaluation Next it provides the information about mulcrials adaptation such as reasons for adapting and adapting techniques, Finally, it focuses on theoretical backgrounds to writing and teaching writing, which consists of reasons for teaching writing and main approaches to teaching writing This part plays an important role in the cvaluation of the writing component in the study Chapter two focuses on the methodology employed in the study, including the research questions, research method, dala collection procedures and the participants Chaptor thrag reports discussions of the results, the findings and the recommendations for the improvement of the materials, The conclusion presents a review of the study, the limitations and some suggestions for further research
Trang 27PART I: INTRODUCTION
1, Rationale of the study
Nowadays English has become increasingly important as a means of global communication and a lridge 1 mankind's knowledge In the process of global integration, the teaching and Jeaming English has become a great concem in Vietnam, Therefore, the government has changed the curriculum in order to tran the citizens who can use English for conmmmicative purposes Ry doing this, in 2002 the Ministry of Eđnealion and Training (MOET) announced a new textbook project for upper secondary school level The new textbooks comprised two sets Set 1, unofficially called “sách chuẩn” (¡e “standard texthooks”, was intended for students pusuing Ban cơ bản (.c The nomspecialization program) and Ban ty nhiễn (ie specialization in sciences) Set 2, unofficially called “Sich ning cao"tie advanced textbooks), was intended for Ban x4 héi (ie specialization in social sciences and hnmanities) Each set comprised of three books, from English 10 to English 12
‘The new English textbooks for high school students are claimed to adopt the latest teaching and learning approaches: comumicalive approach and learner-centered approach and aim
at developing both language skills and language knowledge for students, Each unit in the
new English textbooks consists of five parts: Reading, Speaking, Listening, Writing and Language Focus
English 10 and English 11 were approved and officially introducad into schools by MOET
in the academic years 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 respectively However, English 12 textbook has only been used nationwide since the academic year 2008-2009 Therefore, English 12 textbook is rather new (o the students and teachers and littls rescarch has boon cared out to evakuate this textbook
Uong Bi High school, ons of the high schools in the country, adopted “standard textbooks” Asa teacher of English, the rescarcher has worked quite closcly with the new textbooks It
is noticed that although the textbooks have shown a great deal of improvement compared
1o the olf series of gramnmar-based textbooks, the implementation of this textbook causes 4
largo tumiber of difficuttics, aspocially the writing componont
Evaluation of teaching matetials is obviously a very important process in language teaching and leaming The results from materials evaluation help to determine whether the
Trang 28PART I: INTRODUCTION
1, Rationale of the study
Nowadays English has become increasingly important as a means of global communication and a lridge 1 mankind's knowledge In the process of global integration, the teaching and Jeaming English has become a great concem in Vietnam, Therefore, the government has changed the curriculum in order to tran the citizens who can use English for conmmmicative purposes Ry doing this, in 2002 the Ministry of Eđnealion and Training (MOET) announced a new textbook project for upper secondary school level The new textbooks comprised two sets Set 1, unofficially called “sách chuẩn” (¡e “standard texthooks”, was intended for students pusuing Ban cơ bản (.c The nomspecialization program) and Ban ty nhiễn (ie specialization in sciences) Set 2, unofficially called “Sich ning cao"tie advanced textbooks), was intended for Ban x4 héi (ie specialization in social sciences and hnmanities) Each set comprised of three books, from English 10 to English 12
‘The new English textbooks for high school students are claimed to adopt the latest teaching and learning approaches: comumicalive approach and learner-centered approach and aim
at developing both language skills and language knowledge for students, Each unit in the
new English textbooks consists of five parts: Reading, Speaking, Listening, Writing and Language Focus
English 10 and English 11 were approved and officially introducad into schools by MOET
in the academic years 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 respectively However, English 12 textbook has only been used nationwide since the academic year 2008-2009 Therefore, English 12 textbook is rather new (o the students and teachers and littls rescarch has boon cared out to evakuate this textbook
Uong Bi High school, ons of the high schools in the country, adopted “standard textbooks” Asa teacher of English, the rescarcher has worked quite closcly with the new textbooks It
is noticed that although the textbooks have shown a great deal of improvement compared
1o the olf series of gramnmar-based textbooks, the implementation of this textbook causes 4
largo tumiber of difficuttics, aspocially the writing componont
Evaluation of teaching matetials is obviously a very important process in language teaching and leaming The results from materials evaluation help to determine whether the
Trang 29viii
2.2.3.1 Document analysis 22 2.2.3.2 Survey questionnaire 22 2.2.4, Data collection procedure
Chapter 3: Results and discussions
3.1 Document Analysis 35
3 1.1, Description of the writing component of in the “English 12
3.1.2 Requirements of the writing component of the course 25 3.2 The Survey Resulls - - 26
3.2.1 The appropriateness of the writing component to the content of the course 26 3.2.2 The appropriateness of the writing component in terms of tucthodology an - 33 3.3 Major Findings 36
3.3.1 The suitability of the writing component in the English 12 textbook to the
1 Conclusion of the study we "—
2 Limitations af the study " Al
3 Suggestions for fiather sPHÄÿ à óc ch HH Home 42 REFERENCES
APPENDIX 1: AN OVERVIEW OF THE WRITING COMPONENT IN THE ENGLISH 12
TEXTBOOK
APPENDIX 2: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR TEACHERS
APPENDIX 3: QUESTIONNAIRE FOR STUDENT
APPENDIX 4: QUESTIONNATRE FOR STUDENTS ( Vietnamese version) XIV
Trang 30
6, Method of the study
In order to evaluate the writing component of the ‘English 12” textbook, document analysis
and survey questionnaires were cruployed lo addrass (he lwo questions bog invostigats Document analysis was one of the main instruments with a thorough objective analysis of the textbook under evaluation Survey questionnaire was used to collect the data that
tol:
sử to the toaclurs’ and students’ porspoclives and altitudes lowards the lexthook they have just finished, The findings are expected to provide convincing evidence for the contribution to the improvement of the textbook for the future use
7 Design of the study
The study consists of three parts: the introduction, the main content and the conclusion
‘The introduction provides the basic information such as the rationale of the study, the aims, the research questions, the scope, the significance of the study and the methods of the study
‘The main content is divided into 3 chapters Chapter one reviews the literature on materials evaluation 11 first presents the Totes and types of inalerials in language leaching, Then il presents major issues in materials evaluation, including reasons for materials evaluation, types of materials evaluation, who carries out and who provides data for materials evaluations, models for materials evaluation and criteria for materials evaluation Next it provides the information about mulcrials adaptation such as reasons for adapting and adapting techniques, Finally, it focuses on theoretical backgrounds to writing and teaching writing, which consists of reasons for teaching writing and main approaches to teaching writing This part plays an important role in the cvaluation of the writing component in the study Chapter two focuses on the methodology employed in the study, including the research questions, research method, dala collection procedures and the participants Chaptor thrag reports discussions of the results, the findings and the recommendations for the improvement of the materials, The conclusion presents a review of the study, the limitations and some suggestions for further research
Trang 31PART I: INTRODUCTION
1, Rationale of the study
Nowadays English has become increasingly important as a means of global communication and a lridge 1 mankind's knowledge In the process of global integration, the teaching and Jeaming English has become a great concem in Vietnam, Therefore, the government has changed the curriculum in order to tran the citizens who can use English for conmmmicative purposes Ry doing this, in 2002 the Ministry of Eđnealion and Training (MOET) announced a new textbook project for upper secondary school level The new textbooks comprised two sets Set 1, unofficially called “sách chuẩn” (¡e “standard texthooks”, was intended for students pusuing Ban cơ bản (.c The nomspecialization program) and Ban ty nhiễn (ie specialization in sciences) Set 2, unofficially called “Sich ning cao"tie advanced textbooks), was intended for Ban x4 héi (ie specialization in social sciences and hnmanities) Each set comprised of three books, from English 10 to English 12
‘The new English textbooks for high school students are claimed to adopt the latest teaching and learning approaches: comumicalive approach and learner-centered approach and aim
at developing both language skills and language knowledge for students, Each unit in the
new English textbooks consists of five parts: Reading, Speaking, Listening, Writing and Language Focus
English 10 and English 11 were approved and officially introducad into schools by MOET
in the academic years 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 respectively However, English 12 textbook has only been used nationwide since the academic year 2008-2009 Therefore, English 12 textbook is rather new (o the students and teachers and littls rescarch has boon cared out to evakuate this textbook
Uong Bi High school, ons of the high schools in the country, adopted “standard textbooks” Asa teacher of English, the rescarcher has worked quite closcly with the new textbooks It
is noticed that although the textbooks have shown a great deal of improvement compared
1o the olf series of gramnmar-based textbooks, the implementation of this textbook causes 4
largo tumiber of difficuttics, aspocially the writing componont
Evaluation of teaching matetials is obviously a very important process in language teaching and leaming The results from materials evaluation help to determine whether the
Trang 32Scope of the study
Significance of the study
Mcthod of the study
7, Design of the study
PART 11: DEVELOPMENT
Chapter 1: Theorctical Background
1.1 Teaching Materials in Language Teaching and Learning
L.L.1 The roles of Teaching Materials - 4 1.1.2, Types of Materials
1.2 Materials Evaluation
1.2.1 The concepts of Materials Livaluation
1.2.2 The reasons for Malcrials Evaluation
1/2.3 Types of Materlals Evaluatlom chi
1.2.4 Materials l¿valuators
1.2.4.1 Maleridls Evalualion by QulSẪEF cà eceeriiriieeiE
1.2.4.2 Materials Evaluation by Iisider scene cnsieenniee cine
a
La
1.2.5 Models for Malerials Evaluation
1.2.5.1 Evaluation model hy Huchinson and Waters
1.2.5.2 Evalucation model by EWR8 cesses cso 1.2.5.3 Evaluation model by McDonough and Shaw 10
Trang 336, Method of the study
In order to evaluate the writing component of the ‘English 12” textbook, document analysis
and survey questionnaires were cruployed lo addrass (he lwo questions bog invostigats Document analysis was one of the main instruments with a thorough objective analysis of the textbook under evaluation Survey questionnaire was used to collect the data that
tol:
sử to the toaclurs’ and students’ porspoclives and altitudes lowards the lexthook they have just finished, The findings are expected to provide convincing evidence for the contribution to the improvement of the textbook for the future use
7 Design of the study
The study consists of three parts: the introduction, the main content and the conclusion
‘The introduction provides the basic information such as the rationale of the study, the aims, the research questions, the scope, the significance of the study and the methods of the study
‘The main content is divided into 3 chapters Chapter one reviews the literature on materials evaluation 11 first presents the Totes and types of inalerials in language leaching, Then il presents major issues in materials evaluation, including reasons for materials evaluation, types of materials evaluation, who carries out and who provides data for materials evaluations, models for materials evaluation and criteria for materials evaluation Next it provides the information about mulcrials adaptation such as reasons for adapting and adapting techniques, Finally, it focuses on theoretical backgrounds to writing and teaching writing, which consists of reasons for teaching writing and main approaches to teaching writing This part plays an important role in the cvaluation of the writing component in the study Chapter two focuses on the methodology employed in the study, including the research questions, research method, dala collection procedures and the participants Chaptor thrag reports discussions of the results, the findings and the recommendations for the improvement of the materials, The conclusion presents a review of the study, the limitations and some suggestions for further research
Trang 34PART I: INTRODUCTION
1, Rationale of the study
Nowadays English has become increasingly important as a means of global communication and a lridge 1 mankind's knowledge In the process of global integration, the teaching and Jeaming English has become a great concem in Vietnam, Therefore, the government has changed the curriculum in order to tran the citizens who can use English for conmmmicative purposes Ry doing this, in 2002 the Ministry of Eđnealion and Training (MOET) announced a new textbook project for upper secondary school level The new textbooks comprised two sets Set 1, unofficially called “sách chuẩn” (¡e “standard texthooks”, was intended for students pusuing Ban cơ bản (.c The nomspecialization program) and Ban ty nhiễn (ie specialization in sciences) Set 2, unofficially called “Sich ning cao"tie advanced textbooks), was intended for Ban x4 héi (ie specialization in social sciences and hnmanities) Each set comprised of three books, from English 10 to English 12
‘The new English textbooks for high school students are claimed to adopt the latest teaching and learning approaches: comumicalive approach and learner-centered approach and aim
at developing both language skills and language knowledge for students, Each unit in the
new English textbooks consists of five parts: Reading, Speaking, Listening, Writing and Language Focus
English 10 and English 11 were approved and officially introducad into schools by MOET
in the academic years 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 respectively However, English 12 textbook has only been used nationwide since the academic year 2008-2009 Therefore, English 12 textbook is rather new (o the students and teachers and littls rescarch has boon cared out to evakuate this textbook
Uong Bi High school, ons of the high schools in the country, adopted “standard textbooks” Asa teacher of English, the rescarcher has worked quite closcly with the new textbooks It
is noticed that although the textbooks have shown a great deal of improvement compared
1o the olf series of gramnmar-based textbooks, the implementation of this textbook causes 4
largo tumiber of difficuttics, aspocially the writing componont
Evaluation of teaching matetials is obviously a very important process in language teaching and leaming The results from materials evaluation help to determine whether the
Trang 35LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
Figure 1 The materials evaluation nrodel of Hutchinson and Waters ( 1993: 98) 9 Figure 2: The process of writing (Tribble, 1996: 38) 17
Table 3.1 Teacher’s rank of the sinderts’ interest and students’ mterest on MOET topics
Table 3.3: The teachers and students’opinions about wsing four intergrated macro-skills in
Table 3.4: Teachers and students’ opinions about the amount of knowledge given in
Table 3.5: The students and teachers’ judgement on each part of the writing component in
Table 3.9: Students’ opinions of ihe teaching methods used by the teachers during the
Table 3.10: Students’ expectations about the ways the English teachers’ teaching writing
Table 3.11: Teachers and Students'opinions about kinds of tasks, exercises and guidance
Table 3.12 Teachers and Students’s opinions of the interaction patterns in the class
Trang 36set of materials is suitable for a particular situation Most often materials evaluation is carried! ont to find ont the strengths and weaknesses af the materials so (hal changes nocd
to be made to improve the suitability and enhance the etféctiveness of the materials This is the reason why the researcher conducted an evaluation of the writing component in
“Tinglish 127 textbook
2, Aims of the study
‘The study is aimed to evaluate the Writing component in “English 12” textbook at Uong Bi
secondary school in terms of content and mothodatogy to determine whether il uly reflects the objectives prescribed by MOET for the course and suitable to the students’ needs of English It is expected that the findings from the study would make contribution
to the improvement of ths lexthook or propose changes to enhance the effectiveness of the material for the future use
3, Rescarch questions
The study is to find out the answers to the following research questions
1 Does the writing component of the “English 12” textbook mect the requirements of the course in terms of content and methodology?
2.18 the writing component, of the “Fngtish 12” lextbook suitable fo the students’ needs in terms of content and methodology?
4, Scope of the study
Though the author is awa
at in order to lave a comprehensive evaluation of any material, a great number of critaria should be taken into consideration, such as the audience, the content, the methodology, the cultural bias, the authenticity, the layout ete, and each
criterion needs taking inte account various aspects With the scope of this minor thesis, this
study is only aimed at cealnating the suitabilily of the writing component in English 12 textbook in the standard in terms of content and methodology
This study is a in-depth survey at Uong Bi Iligh School in Quang Ninh Therefore, the findings of the study arc not intended to be gencralized to other school contexts, Indeed the findings may not apply beyond the actual participants in this particular study
5, Significance of the study
The findings of the thesis will serve as a back-up for the improvements of the writing component in the “English 12° textbook, teachers’ method adjustment and materials adaptation as well Practically, the findings are beneficial for both teachers and learners at
Trang 37LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
Figure 1 The materials evaluation nrodel of Hutchinson and Waters ( 1993: 98) 9 Figure 2: The process of writing (Tribble, 1996: 38) 17
Table 3.1 Teacher’s rank of the sinderts’ interest and students’ mterest on MOET topics
Table 3.3: The teachers and students’opinions about wsing four intergrated macro-skills in
Table 3.4: Teachers and students’ opinions about the amount of knowledge given in
Table 3.5: The students and teachers’ judgement on each part of the writing component in
Table 3.9: Students’ opinions of ihe teaching methods used by the teachers during the
Table 3.10: Students’ expectations about the ways the English teachers’ teaching writing
Table 3.11: Teachers and Students'opinions about kinds of tasks, exercises and guidance
Table 3.12 Teachers and Students’s opinions of the interaction patterns in the class