Luận văn a study on projection and its realization in president barack obama’s speech at a campaign event in las vegas

the author reviews such concepts as systemic functional grammar, metafunctions of language, clause complex and two logico-semantic relations in clause complex More importantly, the anal

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOT UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDLES

TRAN HONG VAN

A STUDY ON PROJECTION AND ITS REALIZATION IN PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA’S SPEECH AT A CAMPAIGN EVENT IN LAS VEGAS

NGHIÊN CỨU VÈ PHỎNG CIIIẾU VÀ SỰ THỂ IHIỆN CỦA NÓ TRONG BÀI PHÁT BIỂU CUA TONG TIIONG BARACK

OBAMA TẠI CUỘC VẬN ĐỘNG TRANH CỬ Ớ LAS VEGAS

MLA Minor Programme ‘Thesis

Field: English Linguistics Code: 60 22 15

TRanoi — 2013

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, ILANOL UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES:

TRAN HONG VAN

A STUDY ON PROJECTION AND ITS REALIZATION IN PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA’S SPEECH AT A CAMPAIGN EVENT IN LAS VEGAS

NGHIEN CUL VE PHONG CHIEU VA SU THE HIEN CUA NO

‘TRONG BAI PHAT BLU CUA TONG THONG BARACK OBAMA TAI CUỘC VAN DONG TRANII CU OLAS VEGAS

M.A Minor Programme Thesis

Kicld: English Linguistics

Code: 60 22 15 Supervisor: Prof Dr Hoang Van Van

Hanoi - 2013

Rationale of the study

Aim oŸ the study

Wesearch quasHon

Scope of the study

Methods of the study

Design of the study

PART B: DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER 1

1.1 Introduction

1.2 An overview of systemic fumetional gramsmar

1.2.1, Review of related studies

1.2.2.1 Interpersonal melafunction

1.2.2.2 Textual metafunction

1.2.2.3 Ideational mmefafunefio

1.3 The notion of clause complex and projection in SFG

1.3.1 The notion of clause complex in SFG

1.3.1.1 Taxis

1.3.1.2 Logico-semuntic relation

1.3.2 The notion of projection in SG

1.3.2.1 Level of projection 1.3.2.2 Made of projection

Part B — Development — consists of 2 chapters Chapter 1 — Theorctival background presents the overview of systemic functional grammar and the notions

of clause complex and projection Chapter 2, the main chapter of the thesis, explores the realization of projections in President Barack Obama’s speech at a Campaign Livent in Las Vegas

Part C — Conclusion — recapitulates the results of the study In this part the

author reviews such concepts as systemic functional grammar, metafunctions of language, clause complex and two logico-semantic relations in clause complex More importantly, the analysis of Presider Obama's speech in terms of projection

is summarized in part C This last part also makes some implications for teaching

and learning English and some suggestions for further study.

PART B: DEVEL.OPMENT

CHAPTER 1

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1.4 Intreduction

In the first chapter of the study, the author attempts to present some concepts

of systerme functional grammar inchiding three melafunctions of a language and lo

review some related studics The main content of this chapter is the notion of clause

complex and projection In the clause complex, the logico-semantic relations

belween clauses are focused because one of the two logico-sernaric relations,

projection, is the main interest of the study

1.2 An overview of systemic functional grammar

Language is am important lool in our life We use it not only to make ourselves understood but also to maintain a relationship with other people in our society Grammar is part of a language According to Matthiessen & Llalliday (1997), grammar is “the sysiem of wordings of a language” However, the interpretation of how a language is worded depends on different theories of grammar In linguistics history, there have been many trends of grammar, most of which began with Buropean languages such as Grocks, Romans or Latin Those grammar trends are mainly based on the two theoretical perspectives Those who are in favor of the first viewpoint consider language “a set of rules” and grammar is

a structure to specify those rules From this perspective, iL is important to define which parts of a sentence function as Subject, Predicate, Object or Adverbial ‘This

kind of grammar is often taught at school because iLis suitable for young sludents 10

study a language Despite its comprchensibility, it is isolated from its meaning Besides that, it does not convey the whole “grammatical system of language” but just “a fragment of grammar” On the olher hand, because il is originaled from Huropean languages, it focuses on describing these languages Henoe, it is difficult

to apply this grammar to non-Huropean languages such as Chinese, Japanese or

Vietmamese (Matthiessen & Halliday, 1997) In that context, it is required that there

Obama It is expected that the analysis of projection will reveal the underlying meaning of the President's speech

2 Aim of the study

The aim of the study is to explore how different types of projection are realized in President Obama’s speech at a Campaign Livent in Las Vegas In order

to achieve this aim, an overview of the key concepts of functional grammar relevant

to the study is in need of exploration to provide the theoretical framework for the analysis

4 Scope of the study

Tn order to make the most convenience for the author, the study only focuses

on exploring one of the two subtypes of logico-semantic relations between clauses: projection The text chosen for analysis is President Obama’s speech at a Campaign

Event in Las Vegas on October 24", 2011

5 Methods of the study

This study uses two main methods: descriptive method and analytical method, The descriptive method is used to re-examine the basic notions of systemic functional grammar and, in particular, the notion of projection in the clause complex The analytical method, on the other hand, is employed to analyze

President Ohama’s specch to reveal the different logico-semantie meanings of the

text

6 Design of the study

The study is divided inte 3 parts

Part A — Introduction — presents the rationale, the aim, the research questions, the scope, the methods and the design of the study

Verbs serving in hypolactic projection

Projection nouns and fact nouns The realization of projection in President Obama’s Speech Meaning of the reported siatemonts in Ihe projection ol idea Meaning of the reported statements in the projection of

lacution

vũ

Page

1.3.2.3 Gpeech function Qƒ prQjecfioh cee 1.3.3 Paratactie projection

2.2, The chosen text

2.3 A register analysis of the text

1% a4 3"! - umber of clause complex in the text

(1), (2), (3), .: number of clause in the text

vi

Part B — Development — consists of 2 chapters Chapter 1 — Theorctival background presents the overview of systemic functional grammar and the notions

of clause complex and projection Chapter 2, the main chapter of the thesis, explores the realization of projections in President Barack Obama’s speech at a Campaign Livent in Las Vegas

Part C — Conclusion — recapitulates the results of the study In this part the

author reviews such concepts as systemic functional grammar, metafunctions of language, clause complex and two logico-semantic relations in clause complex More importantly, the analysis of Presider Obama's speech in terms of projection

is summarized in part C This last part also makes some implications for teaching

and learning English and some suggestions for further study.

PART A: INTRODUCTION

1 Rationale of the study

Language is the central study of linguistics It is a system of communication that is made of speech or writing it emphasizes the “arrangement of sounds or written representation into larger units, e.g morphemes, words, sentences, utterances” (Richards et al., 1992) This arrangement is known as grammar Crystal

(2004) emphasizes the importance of grammar in a language It 1s as important as the skeleton, the heartbeat, the nervous system and the intelligence of a language,

because withoul gramunar, there can be no meaningful or effective communication

(Crystal, 2004) Grammar is the foundation for people to express themselves If people can understand the way grammar works, they are sure to be able to use a language effeclively Hence, grammar is nol only important for icachers or students, but it has a particular significance for anyone who wants to master a language (Crystal, 2004) Knowing the importance of grammar, many scholars are engrossed

in sladying it The linguislies history has scen many trends of grammar with heir advantages and disadvantages such as traditional grammar, universal grammar and generative grammar by Noam Chomsky and his followers Ilowever, the most popular trend of grammar is functional grammar that 1s developed by Halliday and some other linguists such as Llassan, Morley, Bloor, etc While other trends of grammar foouses on the rules of wordings, functional grammar is concerned with the meaning and functions of a language:

In Vietnam, functional grammar is studied by such grammarians as Cao Xuân Hạo (1991) with Tiếng Việt: Sơ thảo Ngữ pháp chức năng and Hoàng Văn Van (2005) wilh Ngữ pháp kinh nghiệm của củ tiếng Việt: Mô tâ theo quan diém

chức năng hệ thông

In Faculty of Postgraduale Stucies, studenis have a chance to take an

approach to functional grammar to discover new features of this innovative trond of grammar For the author, what attracts her the most is projection That is the reason why she chooses to analyze the realization of projection in a specch by President

Obama It is expected that the analysis of projection will reveal the underlying meaning of the President's speech

2 Aim of the study

The aim of the study is to explore how different types of projection are realized in President Obama’s speech at a Campaign Livent in Las Vegas In order

to achieve this aim, an overview of the key concepts of functional grammar relevant

to the study is in need of exploration to provide the theoretical framework for the analysis

4 Scope of the study

Tn order to make the most convenience for the author, the study only focuses

on exploring one of the two subtypes of logico-semantic relations between clauses: projection The text chosen for analysis is President Obama’s speech at a Campaign

Event in Las Vegas on October 24", 2011

5 Methods of the study

This study uses two main methods: descriptive method and analytical method, The descriptive method is used to re-examine the basic notions of systemic functional grammar and, in particular, the notion of projection in the clause complex The analytical method, on the other hand, is employed to analyze

President Ohama’s specch to reveal the different logico-semantie meanings of the

text

6 Design of the study

The study is divided inte 3 parts

Part A — Introduction — presents the rationale, the aim, the research questions, the scope, the methods and the design of the study

1% a4 3"! - umber of clause complex in the text

(1), (2), (3), .: number of clause in the text

vi

Verbs serving in hypolactic projection

Projection nouns and fact nouns The realization of projection in President Obama’s Speech Meaning of the reported siatemonts in Ihe projection ol idea Meaning of the reported statements in the projection of

lacution

vũ

Page

1% a4 3"! - umber of clause complex in the text

(1), (2), (3), .: number of clause in the text

vi

Verbs serving in hypolactic projection

Projection nouns and fact nouns The realization of projection in President Obama’s Speech Meaning of the reported siatemonts in Ihe projection ol idea Meaning of the reported statements in the projection of

lacution

vũ

Page

Part B — Development — consists of 2 chapters Chapter 1 — Theorctival background presents the overview of systemic functional grammar and the notions

of clause complex and projection Chapter 2, the main chapter of the thesis, explores the realization of projections in President Barack Obama’s speech at a Campaign Livent in Las Vegas

Part C — Conclusion — recapitulates the results of the study In this part the

author reviews such concepts as systemic functional grammar, metafunctions of language, clause complex and two logico-semantic relations in clause complex More importantly, the analysis of Presider Obama's speech in terms of projection

is summarized in part C This last part also makes some implications for teaching

and learning English and some suggestions for further study.

Part B — Development — consists of 2 chapters Chapter 1 — Theorctival background presents the overview of systemic functional grammar and the notions

of clause complex and projection Chapter 2, the main chapter of the thesis, explores the realization of projections in President Barack Obama’s speech at a Campaign Livent in Las Vegas

Part C — Conclusion — recapitulates the results of the study In this part the

author reviews such concepts as systemic functional grammar, metafunctions of language, clause complex and two logico-semantic relations in clause complex More importantly, the analysis of Presider Obama's speech in terms of projection

is summarized in part C This last part also makes some implications for teaching

and learning English and some suggestions for further study.

Verbs serving in hypolactic projection

Projection nouns and fact nouns The realization of projection in President Obama’s Speech Meaning of the reported siatemonts in Ihe projection ol idea Meaning of the reported statements in the projection of

lacution

vũ

Page

1.3.2.3 Gpeech function Qƒ prQjecfioh cee 1.3.3 Paratactie projection

2.2, The chosen text

2.3 A register analysis of the text

PART B: DEVEL.OPMENT

CHAPTER 1

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1.4 Intreduction

In the first chapter of the study, the author attempts to present some concepts

of systerme functional grammar inchiding three melafunctions of a language and lo

review some related studics The main content of this chapter is the notion of clause

complex and projection In the clause complex, the logico-semantic relations

belween clauses are focused because one of the two logico-sernaric relations,

projection, is the main interest of the study

1.2 An overview of systemic functional grammar

Language is am important lool in our life We use it not only to make ourselves understood but also to maintain a relationship with other people in our society Grammar is part of a language According to Matthiessen & Llalliday (1997), grammar is “the sysiem of wordings of a language” However, the interpretation of how a language is worded depends on different theories of grammar In linguistics history, there have been many trends of grammar, most of which began with Buropean languages such as Grocks, Romans or Latin Those grammar trends are mainly based on the two theoretical perspectives Those who are in favor of the first viewpoint consider language “a set of rules” and grammar is

a structure to specify those rules From this perspective, iL is important to define which parts of a sentence function as Subject, Predicate, Object or Adverbial ‘This

kind of grammar is often taught at school because iLis suitable for young sludents 10

study a language Despite its comprchensibility, it is isolated from its meaning Besides that, it does not convey the whole “grammatical system of language” but just “a fragment of grammar” On the olher hand, because il is originaled from Huropean languages, it focuses on describing these languages Henoe, it is difficult

to apply this grammar to non-Huropean languages such as Chinese, Japanese or

Vietmamese (Matthiessen & Halliday, 1997) In that context, it is required that there

PART A: INTRODUCTION

1 Rationale of the study

Language is the central study of linguistics It is a system of communication that is made of speech or writing it emphasizes the “arrangement of sounds or written representation into larger units, e.g morphemes, words, sentences, utterances” (Richards et al., 1992) This arrangement is known as grammar Crystal

(2004) emphasizes the importance of grammar in a language It 1s as important as the skeleton, the heartbeat, the nervous system and the intelligence of a language,

because withoul gramunar, there can be no meaningful or effective communication

(Crystal, 2004) Grammar is the foundation for people to express themselves If people can understand the way grammar works, they are sure to be able to use a language effeclively Hence, grammar is nol only important for icachers or students, but it has a particular significance for anyone who wants to master a language (Crystal, 2004) Knowing the importance of grammar, many scholars are engrossed

in sladying it The linguislies history has scen many trends of grammar with heir advantages and disadvantages such as traditional grammar, universal grammar and generative grammar by Noam Chomsky and his followers Ilowever, the most popular trend of grammar is functional grammar that 1s developed by Halliday and some other linguists such as Llassan, Morley, Bloor, etc While other trends of grammar foouses on the rules of wordings, functional grammar is concerned with the meaning and functions of a language:

In Vietnam, functional grammar is studied by such grammarians as Cao Xuân Hạo (1991) with Tiếng Việt: Sơ thảo Ngữ pháp chức năng and Hoàng Văn Van (2005) wilh Ngữ pháp kinh nghiệm của củ tiếng Việt: Mô tâ theo quan diém

chức năng hệ thông

In Faculty of Postgraduale Stucies, studenis have a chance to take an

approach to functional grammar to discover new features of this innovative trond of grammar For the author, what attracts her the most is projection That is the reason why she chooses to analyze the realization of projection in a specch by President

1% a4 3"! - umber of clause complex in the text

(1), (2), (3), .: number of clause in the text

vi

Obama It is expected that the analysis of projection will reveal the underlying meaning of the President's speech

2 Aim of the study

The aim of the study is to explore how different types of projection are realized in President Obama’s speech at a Campaign Livent in Las Vegas In order

to achieve this aim, an overview of the key concepts of functional grammar relevant

to the study is in need of exploration to provide the theoretical framework for the analysis

4 Scope of the study

Tn order to make the most convenience for the author, the study only focuses

on exploring one of the two subtypes of logico-semantic relations between clauses: projection The text chosen for analysis is President Obama’s speech at a Campaign

Event in Las Vegas on October 24", 2011

5 Methods of the study

This study uses two main methods: descriptive method and analytical method, The descriptive method is used to re-examine the basic notions of systemic functional grammar and, in particular, the notion of projection in the clause complex The analytical method, on the other hand, is employed to analyze

President Ohama’s specch to reveal the different logico-semantie meanings of the

text

6 Design of the study

The study is divided inte 3 parts

Part A — Introduction — presents the rationale, the aim, the research questions, the scope, the methods and the design of the study

Part B — Development — consists of 2 chapters Chapter 1 — Theorctival background presents the overview of systemic functional grammar and the notions

of clause complex and projection Chapter 2, the main chapter of the thesis, explores the realization of projections in President Barack Obama’s speech at a Campaign Livent in Las Vegas

Part C — Conclusion — recapitulates the results of the study In this part the

author reviews such concepts as systemic functional grammar, metafunctions of language, clause complex and two logico-semantic relations in clause complex More importantly, the analysis of Presider Obama's speech in terms of projection

is summarized in part C This last part also makes some implications for teaching

and learning English and some suggestions for further study.

Verbs serving in hypolactic projection

Projection nouns and fact nouns The realization of projection in President Obama’s Speech Meaning of the reported siatemonts in Ihe projection ol idea Meaning of the reported statements in the projection of

lacution

vũ

Page

Obama It is expected that the analysis of projection will reveal the underlying meaning of the President's speech

2 Aim of the study

The aim of the study is to explore how different types of projection are realized in President Obama’s speech at a Campaign Livent in Las Vegas In order

to achieve this aim, an overview of the key concepts of functional grammar relevant

to the study is in need of exploration to provide the theoretical framework for the analysis

4 Scope of the study

Tn order to make the most convenience for the author, the study only focuses

on exploring one of the two subtypes of logico-semantic relations between clauses: projection The text chosen for analysis is President Obama’s speech at a Campaign

Event in Las Vegas on October 24", 2011

5 Methods of the study

This study uses two main methods: descriptive method and analytical method, The descriptive method is used to re-examine the basic notions of systemic functional grammar and, in particular, the notion of projection in the clause complex The analytical method, on the other hand, is employed to analyze

President Ohama’s specch to reveal the different logico-semantie meanings of the

text

6 Design of the study

The study is divided inte 3 parts

Part A — Introduction — presents the rationale, the aim, the research questions, the scope, the methods and the design of the study

PART B: DEVEL.OPMENT

CHAPTER 1

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1.4 Intreduction

In the first chapter of the study, the author attempts to present some concepts

of systerme functional grammar inchiding three melafunctions of a language and lo

review some related studics The main content of this chapter is the notion of clause

complex and projection In the clause complex, the logico-semantic relations

belween clauses are focused because one of the two logico-sernaric relations,

projection, is the main interest of the study

1.2 An overview of systemic functional grammar

Language is am important lool in our life We use it not only to make ourselves understood but also to maintain a relationship with other people in our society Grammar is part of a language According to Matthiessen & Llalliday (1997), grammar is “the sysiem of wordings of a language” However, the interpretation of how a language is worded depends on different theories of grammar In linguistics history, there have been many trends of grammar, most of which began with Buropean languages such as Grocks, Romans or Latin Those grammar trends are mainly based on the two theoretical perspectives Those who are in favor of the first viewpoint consider language “a set of rules” and grammar is

a structure to specify those rules From this perspective, iL is important to define which parts of a sentence function as Subject, Predicate, Object or Adverbial ‘This

kind of grammar is often taught at school because iLis suitable for young sludents 10

study a language Despite its comprchensibility, it is isolated from its meaning Besides that, it does not convey the whole “grammatical system of language” but just “a fragment of grammar” On the olher hand, because il is originaled from Huropean languages, it focuses on describing these languages Henoe, it is difficult

to apply this grammar to non-Huropean languages such as Chinese, Japanese or

Vietmamese (Matthiessen & Halliday, 1997) In that context, it is required that there

PART B: DEVEL.OPMENT

CHAPTER 1

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1.4 Intreduction

In the first chapter of the study, the author attempts to present some concepts

of systerme functional grammar inchiding three melafunctions of a language and lo

review some related studics The main content of this chapter is the notion of clause

complex and projection In the clause complex, the logico-semantic relations

belween clauses are focused because one of the two logico-sernaric relations,

projection, is the main interest of the study

1.2 An overview of systemic functional grammar

Language is am important lool in our life We use it not only to make ourselves understood but also to maintain a relationship with other people in our society Grammar is part of a language According to Matthiessen & Llalliday (1997), grammar is “the sysiem of wordings of a language” However, the interpretation of how a language is worded depends on different theories of grammar In linguistics history, there have been many trends of grammar, most of which began with Buropean languages such as Grocks, Romans or Latin Those grammar trends are mainly based on the two theoretical perspectives Those who are in favor of the first viewpoint consider language “a set of rules” and grammar is

a structure to specify those rules From this perspective, iL is important to define which parts of a sentence function as Subject, Predicate, Object or Adverbial ‘This

kind of grammar is often taught at school because iLis suitable for young sludents 10

study a language Despite its comprchensibility, it is isolated from its meaning Besides that, it does not convey the whole “grammatical system of language” but just “a fragment of grammar” On the olher hand, because il is originaled from Huropean languages, it focuses on describing these languages Henoe, it is difficult

to apply this grammar to non-Huropean languages such as Chinese, Japanese or

Vietmamese (Matthiessen & Halliday, 1997) In that context, it is required that there

1% a4 3"! - umber of clause complex in the text

(1), (2), (3), .: number of clause in the text

vi

Verbs serving in hypolactic projection

Projection nouns and fact nouns The realization of projection in President Obama’s Speech Meaning of the reported siatemonts in Ihe projection ol idea Meaning of the reported statements in the projection of

lacution

vũ

Page

Verbs serving in hypolactic projection

Projection nouns and fact nouns The realization of projection in President Obama’s Speech Meaning of the reported siatemonts in Ihe projection ol idea Meaning of the reported statements in the projection of

lacution

vũ

Page

PART B: DEVEL.OPMENT

CHAPTER 1

THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 1.4 Intreduction

In the first chapter of the study, the author attempts to present some concepts

of systerme functional grammar inchiding three melafunctions of a language and lo

review some related studics The main content of this chapter is the notion of clause

complex and projection In the clause complex, the logico-semantic relations

belween clauses are focused because one of the two logico-sernaric relations,

projection, is the main interest of the study

1.2 An overview of systemic functional grammar

Language is am important lool in our life We use it not only to make ourselves understood but also to maintain a relationship with other people in our society Grammar is part of a language According to Matthiessen & Llalliday (1997), grammar is “the sysiem of wordings of a language” However, the interpretation of how a language is worded depends on different theories of grammar In linguistics history, there have been many trends of grammar, most of which began with Buropean languages such as Grocks, Romans or Latin Those grammar trends are mainly based on the two theoretical perspectives Those who are in favor of the first viewpoint consider language “a set of rules” and grammar is

a structure to specify those rules From this perspective, iL is important to define which parts of a sentence function as Subject, Predicate, Object or Adverbial ‘This

kind of grammar is often taught at school because iLis suitable for young sludents 10

study a language Despite its comprchensibility, it is isolated from its meaning Besides that, it does not convey the whole “grammatical system of language” but just “a fragment of grammar” On the olher hand, because il is originaled from Huropean languages, it focuses on describing these languages Henoe, it is difficult

to apply this grammar to non-Huropean languages such as Chinese, Japanese or

Vietmamese (Matthiessen & Halliday, 1997) In that context, it is required that there

1.3.2.3 Gpeech function Qƒ prQjecfioh cee 1.3.3 Paratactie projection

2.2, The chosen text

2.3 A register analysis of the text

PART A: INTRODUCTION

1 Rationale of the study

Language is the central study of linguistics It is a system of communication that is made of speech or writing it emphasizes the “arrangement of sounds or written representation into larger units, e.g morphemes, words, sentences, utterances” (Richards et al., 1992) This arrangement is known as grammar Crystal

(2004) emphasizes the importance of grammar in a language It 1s as important as the skeleton, the heartbeat, the nervous system and the intelligence of a language,

because withoul gramunar, there can be no meaningful or effective communication

(Crystal, 2004) Grammar is the foundation for people to express themselves If people can understand the way grammar works, they are sure to be able to use a language effeclively Hence, grammar is nol only important for icachers or students, but it has a particular significance for anyone who wants to master a language (Crystal, 2004) Knowing the importance of grammar, many scholars are engrossed

in sladying it The linguislies history has scen many trends of grammar with heir advantages and disadvantages such as traditional grammar, universal grammar and generative grammar by Noam Chomsky and his followers Ilowever, the most popular trend of grammar is functional grammar that 1s developed by Halliday and some other linguists such as Llassan, Morley, Bloor, etc While other trends of grammar foouses on the rules of wordings, functional grammar is concerned with the meaning and functions of a language:

In Vietnam, functional grammar is studied by such grammarians as Cao Xuân Hạo (1991) with Tiếng Việt: Sơ thảo Ngữ pháp chức năng and Hoàng Văn Van (2005) wilh Ngữ pháp kinh nghiệm của củ tiếng Việt: Mô tâ theo quan diém

chức năng hệ thông

In Faculty of Postgraduale Stucies, studenis have a chance to take an

approach to functional grammar to discover new features of this innovative trond of grammar For the author, what attracts her the most is projection That is the reason why she chooses to analyze the realization of projection in a specch by President

Verbs serving in hypolactic projection

Projection nouns and fact nouns The realization of projection in President Obama’s Speech Meaning of the reported siatemonts in Ihe projection ol idea Meaning of the reported statements in the projection of

lacution

vũ

Page

PART A: INTRODUCTION

1 Rationale of the study

Language is the central study of linguistics It is a system of communication that is made of speech or writing it emphasizes the “arrangement of sounds or written representation into larger units, e.g morphemes, words, sentences, utterances” (Richards et al., 1992) This arrangement is known as grammar Crystal

(2004) emphasizes the importance of grammar in a language It 1s as important as the skeleton, the heartbeat, the nervous system and the intelligence of a language,

because withoul gramunar, there can be no meaningful or effective communication

(Crystal, 2004) Grammar is the foundation for people to express themselves If people can understand the way grammar works, they are sure to be able to use a language effeclively Hence, grammar is nol only important for icachers or students, but it has a particular significance for anyone who wants to master a language (Crystal, 2004) Knowing the importance of grammar, many scholars are engrossed

in sladying it The linguislies history has scen many trends of grammar with heir advantages and disadvantages such as traditional grammar, universal grammar and generative grammar by Noam Chomsky and his followers Ilowever, the most popular trend of grammar is functional grammar that 1s developed by Halliday and some other linguists such as Llassan, Morley, Bloor, etc While other trends of grammar foouses on the rules of wordings, functional grammar is concerned with the meaning and functions of a language:

In Vietnam, functional grammar is studied by such grammarians as Cao Xuân Hạo (1991) with Tiếng Việt: Sơ thảo Ngữ pháp chức năng and Hoàng Văn Van (2005) wilh Ngữ pháp kinh nghiệm của củ tiếng Việt: Mô tâ theo quan diém

chức năng hệ thông

In Faculty of Postgraduale Stucies, studenis have a chance to take an

approach to functional grammar to discover new features of this innovative trond of grammar For the author, what attracts her the most is projection That is the reason why she chooses to analyze the realization of projection in a specch by President