Luận văn chiến lược lịch sự trong lời thỉnh cầu trong các tập phim harry potter

To study the performance of positive and negative politeness strategies in the requests by the characters in the three episodes of the movie Harry Potter.. How docs S-H relationship affe

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STLDIES

FACULTY OF POST- GRADUATE STUDIES

LUONG TITANTI ONG

POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN REQUESTS IN

THE MOVIE SERIES “HARRY POTTER”

(Chiến lược Lich sự trong Lời Thinh cầu trong

cac lap phim “Harry Potter’)

MINOR M.A THESIS

Field: English Linguistics

Code: 60.22.15

Tlanoi — 2012

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

FACULTY OF POST- GRADUATE STUDIES

LUONG THANH HONG

POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN REQUESTS IN

THE MOVIE SERIES “HARRY POTTER”

(Chiến lược Lịch sw trong Loi Thinh cau trong

các tập phim “Harry Potter’)

MINOR M.A THESIS

Field: English Linguistics

Code: 60.22.15

Supervisor: Assoc.Prof.Dr Nguyén Van Dé

Hanoi — 2012

Aims of the study

Scope of the study

1

2

3 Resvarch questions of the study

4,

$ Overview ofthe movie

a Methods of the study

Design of the study "

1.2.4.1 Positive politeness strategies

1.2.4.2, Negative politeness strategies beens

1.3 Previous studies on request and politeness strategies

PART 2: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROEND 1.1 Specch Acts

1.1.1 Speech act theory

Many actions arc carticd oul by using languages during human communication Although they are expressed variously, they are all called speech acts, Speech act is one of the most issues that interests researchers most It has been investigated seriously by different theorists such as Austin (1962), Grice (1957, 1975), Hymes (1964), Searle (1969), Levinson (1983), Brown and Yule (1983), Yule (1996), ete so that human communication can be carried out irr the most offsclive way

Austin’s theory

Speech act theory is originally developed by Austin in his famous book entitled “L/ow

fo do things with words” Is presented a new picture of analyzing meaning in relationship antong linguistics conventions couclated with words/ sentences, the situation where the speaker actually says something to the hearer, and associated intentions of the speaker

Austin (1962) defines sp

pacts as the actions porformed in saying something Actions parformed through utterance production are called speech acts such as requesting, apologizing, complaining, promising, etc Speech acts consist of three related acts, namely locutionary acl, iHlocutionary act and perloculionary acl

© Lecutionary act, 2 basic acl of producmg a meaningful linguistic expression, includes phonetic acts, phatic acts and thetic acts, Phonetic acts are acts of

Pronouncing sound, phatic acts are acts of uttering words or sentences in

accordance with the phonological and syntactic rules of ths language to which they belong, and zhetic acts arc one of uttering a sentence with sense and more

or less definite reference

© Tlocutionary act is an act performed via the communicative force of an

utterance such as requesting advising, promising inviting, et

consist of sight episodes beginning with [larry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (2001) and culminating with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows- Part 2 (2011), They are the highest movie series of all- time in inflation unadjusted dollars, with $7.7 billion in worldwide receipts, ‘he movie series are also a otitical success and noted by audiences for growing

sed

visually darker and more mature as cach cpisorle was rel

The movie series revolve around Harry Potter, an orphan who discovers that he is a wizard Wizard ability is inborn, but children are sent to wizarding school to leam the magical skills novessary to succeed in the wizarding world Harry is invited to attend the boarding school called Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry Each movie episode chronicles

one yoar in Harry's Tife, and most of the events take place al Hogwarts, As ho strugeles through adolescence, Harry learns to overcome many magical, social and emotional hurdles

6 Methods of the study

This study employs the Quantitative method which focuses nmch more on the collection and analysis of numerical data and statistics Counting and measuring are common forms of quantitative methods ‘The result of the research is a mumber ot series of number prescnicd in tables and charts,

7 Design of the study

‘The thesis consists of three main parts:

PART 1: INTRODUCTION:

Thus part of the thesis presents the rationale, aims, research questions, scope, method and design of the study,

PART 2: DEVELOPMENT

Thus is the nuclear part of the thesis containing two chapters:

Chapter 1: Theoretical Background

This chapler establishes a overview of the thoories on Specch Acts, Spectr act of Request and Politeness theory which are the basis for the following analysis in the next chapter

Chapter 2:

olileness siraLegies in requests in (he series of movies Tlarry Potter

Therefore, the effectiveness of communication is affected considerably During the

development of civilized society, human beings have been founding standards and values

describing appropriate behaviors as well as communicative strategies and language structures

which are considered being polite in specific situations and specific cultures There are a

number of studies on politeness issue because of its significance in communication However, cach resvarcher has a different point of view For exarple, Lakoff and Leech study potilencss

under communicative strategies, Brown and Levinson consider politeness as behaviors saving

face Although politeness seems to be quite familiar and very ald, in fact it still develops non- stop and actually offers me many interests, which inspires me to carry out a research on such

issuc However, to achicve politeness in communication, it is necessary to give out suitable

politeness strategies for each certain context Ihus, the study on politeness as well as

ics

movies is ono of my biggest hobbies and offers me much interest Especially, the movie s

recently have been the best ones produced by Wamer Bros - a very famous movie producer in the United States, so I believe that the reliability of the content quality is much relevant to my study

‘This chapter studies how the characters in the movie series use the politeness strategies

in their requests and how 8-H relationship affects their choices of politeness strategies when making requests

In this parl, the author recapitulates the study, offers implication, limitations and suggestions for further research

Finally, T would expect the result of my research: Politenens Strategies in Requests in the Movie Series "Harry Potter” will have a great meaning to teaching and learning as well as using politeness strategies in requests appropriately and effectively In addition, it will be much easier for people to choose and employ politeness strategies, which actually offers effectiveness in daily communieatien

2, Aims of the study

1 To study the performance of positive and negative politeness strategies in the requests

by the characters in the three episodes of the movie Harry Potter

2 ‘To study the efifects of S-H relationship on the choices of politeness strategies in the requests of the characters in the three opisodcs of the movie Harry Poller

3 Research questions

1 What are the positive and negative politeness strategies in the requests by the

characters in the three episodes of the movie [larry Potter?

How docs S-H relationship affect the choices of positive and negative politeness strategies in making requests of the characters in the three episodes of the movie Harry

Poticr?

4 Scape of the stuily

Dre to the time and limitation of a minor thesis, it is impossible for me to investigate

cle are nat taken into consideration in my study Morzover, positive and negalive politer

strategies based on the theoretical framework of Brown and Levinson (1987) are under the

investigation of all the requests in three episodes: Ldarry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban,

Harry Potter and the Gohlet of Fire, and Harry Potter and the Half- Blood Prince of thc

movie Harry Potter

5 Overview of the movie

The Harry Potter movie scrics are British- American onc based on the Harry Potter

novels by the British author J.K Rowling The senes are distributed by Warner Bros and

CHAPTER 2: POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN REQUESTS IN THE MOVIE

SERIES “HARRY POTTER”

2.2 The frequency of Politeness strategies in Requests in the movie series “Larry

Potter”

2.2.1 Sampling, process

2.2.2 The frequency of politeness strategies in requests

2.2.2.1, Positive politencss strategics

2.2.2.2 Negative politeness strategies

2.3 Politeness slralcgics in requasts in the movic

relationship

2.3.1 Positive politeness strategies and S- LJ relationships

2.3.2 Negative politeness strategies and S- II relationships

2.4 Sunary "_

PART 3: CONCLUSION

3.2 Implications for teaching politeness strategies in requests

3.3 Limitations of the study

3.4 Suggestions for further research

consist of sight episodes beginning with [larry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (2001) and culminating with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows- Part 2 (2011), They are the highest movie series of all- time in inflation unadjusted dollars, with $7.7 billion in worldwide receipts, ‘he movie series are also a otitical success and noted by audiences for growing

sed

visually darker and more mature as cach cpisorle was rel

The movie series revolve around Harry Potter, an orphan who discovers that he is a wizard Wizard ability is inborn, but children are sent to wizarding school to leam the magical skills novessary to succeed in the wizarding world Harry is invited to attend the boarding school called Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry Each movie episode chronicles

one yoar in Harry's Tife, and most of the events take place al Hogwarts, As ho strugeles through adolescence, Harry learns to overcome many magical, social and emotional hurdles

6 Methods of the study

This study employs the Quantitative method which focuses nmch more on the collection and analysis of numerical data and statistics Counting and measuring are common forms of quantitative methods ‘The result of the research is a mumber ot series of number prescnicd in tables and charts,

7 Design of the study

‘The thesis consists of three main parts:

PART 1: INTRODUCTION:

Thus part of the thesis presents the rationale, aims, research questions, scope, method and design of the study,

PART 2: DEVELOPMENT

Thus is the nuclear part of the thesis containing two chapters:

Chapter 1: Theoretical Background

This chapler establishes a overview of the thoories on Specch Acts, Spectr act of Request and Politeness theory which are the basis for the following analysis in the next chapter

Chapter 2:

olileness siraLegies in requests in (he series of movies Tlarry Potter

Finally, T would expect the result of my research: Politenens Strategies in Requests in the Movie Series "Harry Potter” will have a great meaning to teaching and learning as well as using politeness strategies in requests appropriately and effectively In addition, it will be much easier for people to choose and employ politeness strategies, which actually offers effectiveness in daily communieatien

2, Aims of the study

1 To study the performance of positive and negative politeness strategies in the requests

by the characters in the three episodes of the movie Harry Potter

2 ‘To study the efifects of S-H relationship on the choices of politeness strategies in the requests of the characters in the three opisodcs of the movie Harry Poller

3 Research questions

1 What are the positive and negative politeness strategies in the requests by the

characters in the three episodes of the movie [larry Potter?

How docs S-H relationship affect the choices of positive and negative politeness strategies in making requests of the characters in the three episodes of the movie Harry

Poticr?

4 Scape of the stuily

Dre to the time and limitation of a minor thesis, it is impossible for me to investigate

cle are nat taken into consideration in my study Morzover, positive and negalive politer

strategies based on the theoretical framework of Brown and Levinson (1987) are under the

investigation of all the requests in three episodes: Ldarry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban,

Harry Potter and the Gohlet of Fire, and Harry Potter and the Half- Blood Prince of thc

movie Harry Potter

5 Overview of the movie

The Harry Potter movie scrics are British- American onc based on the Harry Potter

novels by the British author J.K Rowling The senes are distributed by Warner Bros and

PART 2: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROEND 1.1 Specch Acts

1.1.1 Speech act theory

Many actions arc carticd oul by using languages during human communication Although they are expressed variously, they are all called speech acts, Speech act is one of the most issues that interests researchers most It has been investigated seriously by different theorists such as Austin (1962), Grice (1957, 1975), Hymes (1964), Searle (1969), Levinson (1983), Brown and Yule (1983), Yule (1996), ete so that human communication can be carried out irr the most offsclive way

Austin’s theory

Speech act theory is originally developed by Austin in his famous book entitled “L/ow

fo do things with words” Is presented a new picture of analyzing meaning in relationship antong linguistics conventions couclated with words/ sentences, the situation where the speaker actually says something to the hearer, and associated intentions of the speaker

Austin (1962) defines sp

pacts as the actions porformed in saying something Actions parformed through utterance production are called speech acts such as requesting, apologizing, complaining, promising, etc Speech acts consist of three related acts, namely locutionary acl, iHlocutionary act and perloculionary acl

© Lecutionary act, 2 basic acl of producmg a meaningful linguistic expression, includes phonetic acts, phatic acts and thetic acts, Phonetic acts are acts of

Pronouncing sound, phatic acts are acts of uttering words or sentences in

accordance with the phonological and syntactic rules of ths language to which they belong, and zhetic acts arc one of uttering a sentence with sense and more

or less definite reference

© Tlocutionary act is an act performed via the communicative force of an

utterance such as requesting advising, promising inviting, et

PART 2: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROEND 1.1 Specch Acts

1.1.1 Speech act theory

Many actions arc carticd oul by using languages during human communication Although they are expressed variously, they are all called speech acts, Speech act is one of the most issues that interests researchers most It has been investigated seriously by different theorists such as Austin (1962), Grice (1957, 1975), Hymes (1964), Searle (1969), Levinson (1983), Brown and Yule (1983), Yule (1996), ete so that human communication can be carried out irr the most offsclive way

Austin’s theory

Speech act theory is originally developed by Austin in his famous book entitled “L/ow

fo do things with words” Is presented a new picture of analyzing meaning in relationship antong linguistics conventions couclated with words/ sentences, the situation where the speaker actually says something to the hearer, and associated intentions of the speaker

Austin (1962) defines sp

pacts as the actions porformed in saying something Actions parformed through utterance production are called speech acts such as requesting, apologizing, complaining, promising, etc Speech acts consist of three related acts, namely locutionary acl, iHlocutionary act and perloculionary acl

© Lecutionary act, 2 basic acl of producmg a meaningful linguistic expression, includes phonetic acts, phatic acts and thetic acts, Phonetic acts are acts of

Pronouncing sound, phatic acts are acts of uttering words or sentences in

accordance with the phonological and syntactic rules of ths language to which they belong, and zhetic acts arc one of uttering a sentence with sense and more

or less definite reference

© Tlocutionary act is an act performed via the communicative force of an

utterance such as requesting advising, promising inviting, et

Therefore, the effectiveness of communication is affected considerably During the

development of civilized society, human beings have been founding standards and values

describing appropriate behaviors as well as communicative strategies and language structures

which are considered being polite in specific situations and specific cultures There are a

number of studies on politeness issue because of its significance in communication However, cach resvarcher has a different point of view For exarple, Lakoff and Leech study potilencss

under communicative strategies, Brown and Levinson consider politeness as behaviors saving

face Although politeness seems to be quite familiar and very ald, in fact it still develops non- stop and actually offers me many interests, which inspires me to carry out a research on such

issuc However, to achicve politeness in communication, it is necessary to give out suitable

politeness strategies for each certain context Ihus, the study on politeness as well as

ics

movies is ono of my biggest hobbies and offers me much interest Especially, the movie s

recently have been the best ones produced by Wamer Bros - a very famous movie producer in the United States, so I believe that the reliability of the content quality is much relevant to my study

Finally, T would expect the result of my research: Politenens Strategies in Requests in the Movie Series "Harry Potter” will have a great meaning to teaching and learning as well as using politeness strategies in requests appropriately and effectively In addition, it will be much easier for people to choose and employ politeness strategies, which actually offers effectiveness in daily communieatien

2, Aims of the study

1 To study the performance of positive and negative politeness strategies in the requests

by the characters in the three episodes of the movie Harry Potter

2 ‘To study the efifects of S-H relationship on the choices of politeness strategies in the requests of the characters in the three opisodcs of the movie Harry Poller

3 Research questions

1 What are the positive and negative politeness strategies in the requests by the

characters in the three episodes of the movie [larry Potter?

How docs S-H relationship affect the choices of positive and negative politeness strategies in making requests of the characters in the three episodes of the movie Harry

Poticr?

4 Scape of the stuily

Dre to the time and limitation of a minor thesis, it is impossible for me to investigate

cle are nat taken into consideration in my study Morzover, positive and negalive politer

strategies based on the theoretical framework of Brown and Levinson (1987) are under the

investigation of all the requests in three episodes: Ldarry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban,

Harry Potter and the Gohlet of Fire, and Harry Potter and the Half- Blood Prince of thc

movie Harry Potter

5 Overview of the movie

The Harry Potter movie scrics are British- American onc based on the Harry Potter

novels by the British author J.K Rowling The senes are distributed by Warner Bros and

Therefore, the effectiveness of communication is affected considerably During the

development of civilized society, human beings have been founding standards and values

describing appropriate behaviors as well as communicative strategies and language structures

which are considered being polite in specific situations and specific cultures There are a

number of studies on politeness issue because of its significance in communication However, cach resvarcher has a different point of view For exarple, Lakoff and Leech study potilencss

under communicative strategies, Brown and Levinson consider politeness as behaviors saving

face Although politeness seems to be quite familiar and very ald, in fact it still develops non- stop and actually offers me many interests, which inspires me to carry out a research on such

issuc However, to achicve politeness in communication, it is necessary to give out suitable

politeness strategies for each certain context Ihus, the study on politeness as well as

ics

movies is ono of my biggest hobbies and offers me much interest Especially, the movie s

recently have been the best ones produced by Wamer Bros - a very famous movie producer in the United States, so I believe that the reliability of the content quality is much relevant to my study

Therefore, the effectiveness of communication is affected considerably During the

development of civilized society, human beings have been founding standards and values

describing appropriate behaviors as well as communicative strategies and language structures

which are considered being polite in specific situations and specific cultures There are a

number of studies on politeness issue because of its significance in communication However, cach resvarcher has a different point of view For exarple, Lakoff and Leech study potilencss

under communicative strategies, Brown and Levinson consider politeness as behaviors saving

face Although politeness seems to be quite familiar and very ald, in fact it still develops non- stop and actually offers me many interests, which inspires me to carry out a research on such

issuc However, to achicve politeness in communication, it is necessary to give out suitable

politeness strategies for each certain context Ihus, the study on politeness as well as

ics

movies is ono of my biggest hobbies and offers me much interest Especially, the movie s

recently have been the best ones produced by Wamer Bros - a very famous movie producer in the United States, so I believe that the reliability of the content quality is much relevant to my study

Finally, T would expect the result of my research: Politenens Strategies in Requests in the Movie Series "Harry Potter” will have a great meaning to teaching and learning as well as using politeness strategies in requests appropriately and effectively In addition, it will be much easier for people to choose and employ politeness strategies, which actually offers effectiveness in daily communieatien

2, Aims of the study

1 To study the performance of positive and negative politeness strategies in the requests

by the characters in the three episodes of the movie Harry Potter

2 ‘To study the efifects of S-H relationship on the choices of politeness strategies in the requests of the characters in the three opisodcs of the movie Harry Poller

3 Research questions

1 What are the positive and negative politeness strategies in the requests by the

characters in the three episodes of the movie [larry Potter?

How docs S-H relationship affect the choices of positive and negative politeness strategies in making requests of the characters in the three episodes of the movie Harry

Poticr?

4 Scape of the stuily

Dre to the time and limitation of a minor thesis, it is impossible for me to investigate

cle are nat taken into consideration in my study Morzover, positive and negalive politer

strategies based on the theoretical framework of Brown and Levinson (1987) are under the

investigation of all the requests in three episodes: Ldarry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban,

Harry Potter and the Gohlet of Fire, and Harry Potter and the Half- Blood Prince of thc

movie Harry Potter

5 Overview of the movie

The Harry Potter movie scrics are British- American onc based on the Harry Potter

novels by the British author J.K Rowling The senes are distributed by Warner Bros and

Finally, T would expect the result of my research: Politenens Strategies in Requests in the Movie Series "Harry Potter” will have a great meaning to teaching and learning as well as using politeness strategies in requests appropriately and effectively In addition, it will be much easier for people to choose and employ politeness strategies, which actually offers effectiveness in daily communieatien

2, Aims of the study

1 To study the performance of positive and negative politeness strategies in the requests

by the characters in the three episodes of the movie Harry Potter

2 ‘To study the efifects of S-H relationship on the choices of politeness strategies in the requests of the characters in the three opisodcs of the movie Harry Poller

3 Research questions

1 What are the positive and negative politeness strategies in the requests by the

characters in the three episodes of the movie [larry Potter?

How docs S-H relationship affect the choices of positive and negative politeness strategies in making requests of the characters in the three episodes of the movie Harry

Poticr?

4 Scape of the stuily

Dre to the time and limitation of a minor thesis, it is impossible for me to investigate

cle are nat taken into consideration in my study Morzover, positive and negalive politer

strategies based on the theoretical framework of Brown and Levinson (1987) are under the

investigation of all the requests in three episodes: Ldarry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban,

Harry Potter and the Gohlet of Fire, and Harry Potter and the Half- Blood Prince of thc

movie Harry Potter

5 Overview of the movie

The Harry Potter movie scrics are British- American onc based on the Harry Potter

novels by the British author J.K Rowling The senes are distributed by Warner Bros and

consist of sight episodes beginning with [larry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (2001) and culminating with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows- Part 2 (2011), They are the highest movie series of all- time in inflation unadjusted dollars, with $7.7 billion in worldwide receipts, ‘he movie series are also a otitical success and noted by audiences for growing

sed

visually darker and more mature as cach cpisorle was rel

The movie series revolve around Harry Potter, an orphan who discovers that he is a wizard Wizard ability is inborn, but children are sent to wizarding school to leam the magical skills novessary to succeed in the wizarding world Harry is invited to attend the boarding school called Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry Each movie episode chronicles

one yoar in Harry's Tife, and most of the events take place al Hogwarts, As ho strugeles through adolescence, Harry learns to overcome many magical, social and emotional hurdles

6 Methods of the study

This study employs the Quantitative method which focuses nmch more on the collection and analysis of numerical data and statistics Counting and measuring are common forms of quantitative methods ‘The result of the research is a mumber ot series of number prescnicd in tables and charts,

7 Design of the study

‘The thesis consists of three main parts:

PART 1: INTRODUCTION:

Thus part of the thesis presents the rationale, aims, research questions, scope, method and design of the study,

PART 2: DEVELOPMENT

Thus is the nuclear part of the thesis containing two chapters:

Chapter 1: Theoretical Background

This chapler establishes a overview of the thoories on Specch Acts, Spectr act of Request and Politeness theory which are the basis for the following analysis in the next chapter

Chapter 2:

olileness siraLegies in requests in (he series of movies Tlarry Potter

consist of sight episodes beginning with [larry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (2001) and culminating with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows- Part 2 (2011), They are the highest movie series of all- time in inflation unadjusted dollars, with $7.7 billion in worldwide receipts, ‘he movie series are also a otitical success and noted by audiences for growing

sed

visually darker and more mature as cach cpisorle was rel

The movie series revolve around Harry Potter, an orphan who discovers that he is a wizard Wizard ability is inborn, but children are sent to wizarding school to leam the magical skills novessary to succeed in the wizarding world Harry is invited to attend the boarding school called Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry Each movie episode chronicles

one yoar in Harry's Tife, and most of the events take place al Hogwarts, As ho strugeles through adolescence, Harry learns to overcome many magical, social and emotional hurdles

6 Methods of the study

This study employs the Quantitative method which focuses nmch more on the collection and analysis of numerical data and statistics Counting and measuring are common forms of quantitative methods ‘The result of the research is a mumber ot series of number prescnicd in tables and charts,

7 Design of the study

‘The thesis consists of three main parts:

PART 1: INTRODUCTION:

Thus part of the thesis presents the rationale, aims, research questions, scope, method and design of the study,

PART 2: DEVELOPMENT

Thus is the nuclear part of the thesis containing two chapters:

Chapter 1: Theoretical Background

This chapler establishes a overview of the thoories on Specch Acts, Spectr act of Request and Politeness theory which are the basis for the following analysis in the next chapter

Chapter 2:

olileness siraLegies in requests in (he series of movies Tlarry Potter

PART 2: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROEND 1.1 Specch Acts

1.1.1 Speech act theory

Many actions arc carticd oul by using languages during human communication Although they are expressed variously, they are all called speech acts, Speech act is one of the most issues that interests researchers most It has been investigated seriously by different theorists such as Austin (1962), Grice (1957, 1975), Hymes (1964), Searle (1969), Levinson (1983), Brown and Yule (1983), Yule (1996), ete so that human communication can be carried out irr the most offsclive way

Austin’s theory

Speech act theory is originally developed by Austin in his famous book entitled “L/ow

fo do things with words” Is presented a new picture of analyzing meaning in relationship antong linguistics conventions couclated with words/ sentences, the situation where the speaker actually says something to the hearer, and associated intentions of the speaker

Austin (1962) defines sp

pacts as the actions porformed in saying something Actions parformed through utterance production are called speech acts such as requesting, apologizing, complaining, promising, etc Speech acts consist of three related acts, namely locutionary acl, iHlocutionary act and perloculionary acl

© Lecutionary act, 2 basic acl of producmg a meaningful linguistic expression, includes phonetic acts, phatic acts and thetic acts, Phonetic acts are acts of

Pronouncing sound, phatic acts are acts of uttering words or sentences in

accordance with the phonological and syntactic rules of ths language to which they belong, and zhetic acts arc one of uttering a sentence with sense and more

or less definite reference

© Tlocutionary act is an act performed via the communicative force of an

utterance such as requesting advising, promising inviting, et

PART 2: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROEND 1.1 Specch Acts

1.1.1 Speech act theory

Many actions arc carticd oul by using languages during human communication Although they are expressed variously, they are all called speech acts, Speech act is one of the most issues that interests researchers most It has been investigated seriously by different theorists such as Austin (1962), Grice (1957, 1975), Hymes (1964), Searle (1969), Levinson (1983), Brown and Yule (1983), Yule (1996), ete so that human communication can be carried out irr the most offsclive way

Austin’s theory

Speech act theory is originally developed by Austin in his famous book entitled “L/ow

fo do things with words” Is presented a new picture of analyzing meaning in relationship antong linguistics conventions couclated with words/ sentences, the situation where the speaker actually says something to the hearer, and associated intentions of the speaker

Austin (1962) defines sp

pacts as the actions porformed in saying something Actions parformed through utterance production are called speech acts such as requesting, apologizing, complaining, promising, etc Speech acts consist of three related acts, namely locutionary acl, iHlocutionary act and perloculionary acl

© Lecutionary act, 2 basic acl of producmg a meaningful linguistic expression, includes phonetic acts, phatic acts and thetic acts, Phonetic acts are acts of

Pronouncing sound, phatic acts are acts of uttering words or sentences in

accordance with the phonological and syntactic rules of ths language to which they belong, and zhetic acts arc one of uttering a sentence with sense and more

or less definite reference

© Tlocutionary act is an act performed via the communicative force of an

utterance such as requesting advising, promising inviting, et

‘This chapter studies how the characters in the movie series use the politeness strategies

in their requests and how 8-H relationship affects their choices of politeness strategies when making requests

In this parl, the author recapitulates the study, offers implication, limitations and suggestions for further research

‘This chapter studies how the characters in the movie series use the politeness strategies

in their requests and how 8-H relationship affects their choices of politeness strategies when making requests

In this parl, the author recapitulates the study, offers implication, limitations and suggestions for further research

Finally, T would expect the result of my research: Politenens Strategies in Requests in the Movie Series "Harry Potter” will have a great meaning to teaching and learning as well as using politeness strategies in requests appropriately and effectively In addition, it will be much easier for people to choose and employ politeness strategies, which actually offers effectiveness in daily communieatien

2, Aims of the study

1 To study the performance of positive and negative politeness strategies in the requests

by the characters in the three episodes of the movie Harry Potter

2 ‘To study the efifects of S-H relationship on the choices of politeness strategies in the requests of the characters in the three opisodcs of the movie Harry Poller

3 Research questions

1 What are the positive and negative politeness strategies in the requests by the

characters in the three episodes of the movie [larry Potter?

How docs S-H relationship affect the choices of positive and negative politeness strategies in making requests of the characters in the three episodes of the movie Harry

Poticr?

4 Scape of the stuily

Dre to the time and limitation of a minor thesis, it is impossible for me to investigate

cle are nat taken into consideration in my study Morzover, positive and negalive politer

strategies based on the theoretical framework of Brown and Levinson (1987) are under the

investigation of all the requests in three episodes: Ldarry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban,

Harry Potter and the Gohlet of Fire, and Harry Potter and the Half- Blood Prince of thc

movie Harry Potter

5 Overview of the movie

The Harry Potter movie scrics are British- American onc based on the Harry Potter

novels by the British author J.K Rowling The senes are distributed by Warner Bros and

consist of sight episodes beginning with [larry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (2001) and culminating with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows- Part 2 (2011), They are the highest movie series of all- time in inflation unadjusted dollars, with $7.7 billion in worldwide receipts, ‘he movie series are also a otitical success and noted by audiences for growing

sed

visually darker and more mature as cach cpisorle was rel

The movie series revolve around Harry Potter, an orphan who discovers that he is a wizard Wizard ability is inborn, but children are sent to wizarding school to leam the magical skills novessary to succeed in the wizarding world Harry is invited to attend the boarding school called Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry Each movie episode chronicles

one yoar in Harry's Tife, and most of the events take place al Hogwarts, As ho strugeles through adolescence, Harry learns to overcome many magical, social and emotional hurdles

6 Methods of the study

This study employs the Quantitative method which focuses nmch more on the collection and analysis of numerical data and statistics Counting and measuring are common forms of quantitative methods ‘The result of the research is a mumber ot series of number prescnicd in tables and charts,

7 Design of the study

‘The thesis consists of three main parts:

PART 1: INTRODUCTION:

Thus part of the thesis presents the rationale, aims, research questions, scope, method and design of the study,

PART 2: DEVELOPMENT

Thus is the nuclear part of the thesis containing two chapters:

Chapter 1: Theoretical Background

This chapler establishes a overview of the thoories on Specch Acts, Spectr act of Request and Politeness theory which are the basis for the following analysis in the next chapter

Chapter 2:

olileness siraLegies in requests in (he series of movies Tlarry Potter

CHAPTER 2: POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN REQUESTS IN THE MOVIE

SERIES “HARRY POTTER”

2.2 The frequency of Politeness strategies in Requests in the movie series “Larry

Potter”

2.2.1 Sampling, process

2.2.2 The frequency of politeness strategies in requests

2.2.2.1, Positive politencss strategics

2.2.2.2 Negative politeness strategies

2.3 Politeness slralcgics in requasts in the movic

relationship

2.3.1 Positive politeness strategies and S- LJ relationships

2.3.2 Negative politeness strategies and S- II relationships

2.4 Sunary "_

PART 3: CONCLUSION

3.2 Implications for teaching politeness strategies in requests

3.3 Limitations of the study

3.4 Suggestions for further research

consist of sight episodes beginning with [larry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone (2001) and culminating with Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows- Part 2 (2011), They are the highest movie series of all- time in inflation unadjusted dollars, with $7.7 billion in worldwide receipts, ‘he movie series are also a otitical success and noted by audiences for growing

sed

visually darker and more mature as cach cpisorle was rel

The movie series revolve around Harry Potter, an orphan who discovers that he is a wizard Wizard ability is inborn, but children are sent to wizarding school to leam the magical skills novessary to succeed in the wizarding world Harry is invited to attend the boarding school called Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry Each movie episode chronicles

one yoar in Harry's Tife, and most of the events take place al Hogwarts, As ho strugeles through adolescence, Harry learns to overcome many magical, social and emotional hurdles

6 Methods of the study

This study employs the Quantitative method which focuses nmch more on the collection and analysis of numerical data and statistics Counting and measuring are common forms of quantitative methods ‘The result of the research is a mumber ot series of number prescnicd in tables and charts,

7 Design of the study

‘The thesis consists of three main parts:

PART 1: INTRODUCTION:

Thus part of the thesis presents the rationale, aims, research questions, scope, method and design of the study,

PART 2: DEVELOPMENT

Thus is the nuclear part of the thesis containing two chapters:

Chapter 1: Theoretical Background

This chapler establishes a overview of the thoories on Specch Acts, Spectr act of Request and Politeness theory which are the basis for the following analysis in the next chapter

Chapter 2:

olileness siraLegies in requests in (he series of movies Tlarry Potter

PART 2: DEVELOPMENT CHAPTER 1: THEORETICAL BACKGROEND 1.1 Specch Acts

1.1.1 Speech act theory

Many actions arc carticd oul by using languages during human communication Although they are expressed variously, they are all called speech acts, Speech act is one of the most issues that interests researchers most It has been investigated seriously by different theorists such as Austin (1962), Grice (1957, 1975), Hymes (1964), Searle (1969), Levinson (1983), Brown and Yule (1983), Yule (1996), ete so that human communication can be carried out irr the most offsclive way

Austin’s theory

Speech act theory is originally developed by Austin in his famous book entitled “L/ow

fo do things with words” Is presented a new picture of analyzing meaning in relationship antong linguistics conventions couclated with words/ sentences, the situation where the speaker actually says something to the hearer, and associated intentions of the speaker

Austin (1962) defines sp

pacts as the actions porformed in saying something Actions parformed through utterance production are called speech acts such as requesting, apologizing, complaining, promising, etc Speech acts consist of three related acts, namely locutionary acl, iHlocutionary act and perloculionary acl

© Lecutionary act, 2 basic acl of producmg a meaningful linguistic expression, includes phonetic acts, phatic acts and thetic acts, Phonetic acts are acts of

Pronouncing sound, phatic acts are acts of uttering words or sentences in

accordance with the phonological and syntactic rules of ths language to which they belong, and zhetic acts arc one of uttering a sentence with sense and more

or less definite reference

© Tlocutionary act is an act performed via the communicative force of an

utterance such as requesting advising, promising inviting, et

CHAPTER 2: POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN REQUESTS IN THE MOVIE

SERIES “HARRY POTTER”

2.2 The frequency of Politeness strategies in Requests in the movie series “Larry

Potter”

2.2.1 Sampling, process

2.2.2 The frequency of politeness strategies in requests

2.2.2.1, Positive politencss strategics

2.2.2.2 Negative politeness strategies

2.3 Politeness slralcgics in requasts in the movic

relationship

2.3.1 Positive politeness strategies and S- LJ relationships

2.3.2 Negative politeness strategies and S- II relationships

2.4 Sunary "_

PART 3: CONCLUSION

3.2 Implications for teaching politeness strategies in requests

3.3 Limitations of the study

3.4 Suggestions for further research

CHAPTER 2: POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN REQUESTS IN THE MOVIE

SERIES “HARRY POTTER”

2.2 The frequency of Politeness strategies in Requests in the movie series “Larry

Potter”

2.2.1 Sampling, process

2.2.2 The frequency of politeness strategies in requests

2.2.2.1, Positive politencss strategics

2.2.2.2 Negative politeness strategies

2.3 Politeness slralcgics in requasts in the movic

relationship

2.3.1 Positive politeness strategies and S- LJ relationships

2.3.2 Negative politeness strategies and S- II relationships

2.4 Sunary "_

PART 3: CONCLUSION

3.2 Implications for teaching politeness strategies in requests

3.3 Limitations of the study

3.4 Suggestions for further research

CHAPTER 2: POLITENESS STRATEGIES IN REQUESTS IN THE MOVIE

SERIES “HARRY POTTER”

2.2 The frequency of Politeness strategies in Requests in the movie series “Larry

Potter”

2.2.1 Sampling, process

2.2.2 The frequency of politeness strategies in requests

2.2.2.1, Positive politencss strategics

2.2.2.2 Negative politeness strategies

2.3 Politeness slralcgics in requasts in the movic

relationship

2.3.1 Positive politeness strategies and S- LJ relationships

2.3.2 Negative politeness strategies and S- II relationships

2.4 Sunary "_

PART 3: CONCLUSION

3.2 Implications for teaching politeness strategies in requests

3.3 Limitations of the study

3.4 Suggestions for further research