Luận văn a study of preferred and dispreferred second turns used in the first episode of the film downton abbey

Therefore, this study is intended to find out how Conversation Analysis CA can be applied to conversations in movies or drama to inform audiences’ underslanding of the interpersonal dyn

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, IANOT UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

FALCUTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES

————nDos

ĐINH THỊ THANH HUYỄN

ASTUDY OF PREFERRED AND DISPREFERRED SECOND TURNS USED LN THE FIRST EPISODE OF THE FILM

“DOWNTON ABBEY”

(NGHIÊN CỨU VỀ CÂU DÁP ƯU TIÊN VÀ KHÔNG ƯU TIÊN

TRONG TẬP 1 PIIM “DOWNTON ABBEY”)

Major: English Lánguisties Code: 60220201

Training Program: Type | Supervisor: Assoc Prof Nguyén Vin Trao, PhD

TIANOI— 2016

DECLARATION

Thereby declare thal this thesis, entitled, “4 study of preferred and dispreferred second

turns used in the first episode of the film “Downton Abbey” and the work presented in

it is my own and has been generated by me as the result of my own research for the Degree of Master of Arls in English Linguistios al University of Languagues and International Studies, Vietnam National University, Hanoi

T confirm that when I quoted from the work of others, the source was always given and

uo part of this work has been published before submission

Signature:

Date:

ACKNOWLEDGE

ENTS

During the period of completing this rescarch, T have reccived great asaistanec and

support from many people

First and foremost, ] owe my deepest debt of gratitude to my supervisor, Assoc Prof Nguyen Van Trao, PhD) who has always encouraged me to pursue this study and been willing lo give me clear and sighted guidance as well as valuable suggestions and corrections in the completion of this research

Second, I wish to thank all of the lecturers, professors and doctors teaching at the Facully of Post-Graduate Studies of ULTS for their lessons and support during my MA

course

T would also like to express my warmest thanks lo my parents, my beloved sister, and

iny friend Ngo ‘Thanh Huyen for their love, support and caring

Finally, 1 am also grateful to all the authors whose books, newspapers and works have

been referred to in this thesis

‘The research paper could not have been fulfilled without them

Hanoi, Qctober, 2016

Dinh Thi Thanh Huyen

2.2.5.2 The ways six common linguistic features are used

PART 3— CONCLUSION

1 Recapimlation

1.1 đeneral patterns of preferreds

1.2 Linguistic fealures associated with prelerreds

1.3 General patterns of dispreferreds

1.4 Linguistic features associated with dispreferreds

2 Limitations of the study

3 Implications for language teaching and leaming

4 Suggestions for further studie5 sec

PART 1—TNTRODUCTION

1 Rationale nf the study

Dowaton Abbey is a period drama television series set and filmed in Britain and created and principally wnitten by Julian Fellowes The series is sot during the post- Ldwardian era (after idward VII's death) and depicts how major historical events such

as the sinking of the Royal Mail Ship Titanic, the First World War and the Spanish influenza pandemic affect the fictional estate of Downton Abbey in Yorkshire Six series have been made so far, in which the 6% one has recently been confirmed to be

the Caal

The first series of the seven episodes in Series 1 was broadcast in the UK in 2010,

exploring the lives of the Crawley family and their servants from the day after the

sinking of the RMS Titanic in April 1912 to the outbreak of the lirst World War on a* Augusl 1914 The focus of the discussion is the first episode of Scenes One of the film

Dewnton Abbey because it is the commencement of all events and shows the main

features of the characters, notably their social status, attitude and personalities through

conversations with others

However, from a functional approach to analyze this work, little research based on pragmatic knowledge has been carried out Therefore, this study is intended to find out how Conversation Analysis (CA) can be applied to conversations in movies or drama

to inform audiences’ underslanding of the interpersonal dynarmics between characlers

through an investigation into a small aspect of CA common pattems of preferred and

dispreferred second tums and linguistic units used to signal them

In short, the self-interest in the film series Downton Abbey, especially the first season, and the lack of attention to the link between English film works and preference

ABSTRACT This study is carried out in an attempt to investigate the general patterns of pro goud tums as well as the common linguistic features

indicating them in the first episode of the film Downton Abbey based on the theoretical

cred and dispreferred s

frameworks of conversation analysis and preference structure

‘the database comprises 108 conversations, in which 13 contain preferred second responses and 95 consist of dispreferreds Both quantitative and qualitative methods have been employed to seck answers to the rescarcla question

The findings reported in the study can be summarized as follows Firstly, the

mere four palierns of preferred seconds, namely assessment — agreement, invilation —

acceptance, proposal agreement and request acceptance, can be found in the

movie and the assessment — agreement pattern is the most cammon one Also, there are

four Hnguistic clements signaling the preferreds, among which ‘saymg ‘Ves’ ax answer’ ranks the most Next is the appearance of all the five patterns, respectively assessment — disagreement, invitation — refusal, offer — decline proposal — disagreement and request refusal, in the examined dialogues including dispreferred second tums The ‘delay/hesitate’ feature is the most widely used one Additionally,

the data analysis figures out that there is a combination of using several linguistic units

to indicate dispreferred second responses and some certain elements express the same-

class lines.

PART 1—TNTRODUCTION

1 Rationale nf the study

Dowaton Abbey is a period drama television series set and filmed in Britain and created and principally wnitten by Julian Fellowes The series is sot during the post- Ldwardian era (after idward VII's death) and depicts how major historical events such

as the sinking of the Royal Mail Ship Titanic, the First World War and the Spanish influenza pandemic affect the fictional estate of Downton Abbey in Yorkshire Six series have been made so far, in which the 6% one has recently been confirmed to be

the Caal

The first series of the seven episodes in Series 1 was broadcast in the UK in 2010,

exploring the lives of the Crawley family and their servants from the day after the

sinking of the RMS Titanic in April 1912 to the outbreak of the lirst World War on a* Augusl 1914 The focus of the discussion is the first episode of Scenes One of the film

Dewnton Abbey because it is the commencement of all events and shows the main

features of the characters, notably their social status, attitude and personalities through

conversations with others

However, from a functional approach to analyze this work, little research based on pragmatic knowledge has been carried out Therefore, this study is intended to find out how Conversation Analysis (CA) can be applied to conversations in movies or drama

to inform audiences’ underslanding of the interpersonal dynarmics between characlers

through an investigation into a small aspect of CA common pattems of preferred and

dispreferred second tums and linguistic units used to signal them

In short, the self-interest in the film series Downton Abbey, especially the first season, and the lack of attention to the link between English film works and preference

2.2.5.2 The ways six common linguistic features are used

PART 3— CONCLUSION

1 Recapimlation

1.1 đeneral patterns of preferreds

1.2 Linguistic fealures associated with prelerreds

1.3 General patterns of dispreferreds

1.4 Linguistic features associated with dispreferreds

2 Limitations of the study

3 Implications for language teaching and leaming

4 Suggestions for further studie5 sec

Speaker Conversation analysis Question

Answer Earl of Grantham Countess of Grantham Dowager Countess of Grantham Duke of Crowborough

And

pause in talk less than tenths of a second

PART 1—TNTRODUCTION

1 Rationale nf the study

Dowaton Abbey is a period drama television series set and filmed in Britain and created and principally wnitten by Julian Fellowes The series is sot during the post- Ldwardian era (after idward VII's death) and depicts how major historical events such

as the sinking of the Royal Mail Ship Titanic, the First World War and the Spanish influenza pandemic affect the fictional estate of Downton Abbey in Yorkshire Six series have been made so far, in which the 6% one has recently been confirmed to be

the Caal

The first series of the seven episodes in Series 1 was broadcast in the UK in 2010,

exploring the lives of the Crawley family and their servants from the day after the

sinking of the RMS Titanic in April 1912 to the outbreak of the lirst World War on a* Augusl 1914 The focus of the discussion is the first episode of Scenes One of the film

Dewnton Abbey because it is the commencement of all events and shows the main

features of the characters, notably their social status, attitude and personalities through

conversations with others

However, from a functional approach to analyze this work, little research based on pragmatic knowledge has been carried out Therefore, this study is intended to find out how Conversation Analysis (CA) can be applied to conversations in movies or drama

to inform audiences’ underslanding of the interpersonal dynarmics between characlers

through an investigation into a small aspect of CA common pattems of preferred and

dispreferred second tums and linguistic units used to signal them

In short, the self-interest in the film series Downton Abbey, especially the first season, and the lack of attention to the link between English film works and preference

PART 1—TNTRODUCTION

1 Rationale nf the study

Dowaton Abbey is a period drama television series set and filmed in Britain and created and principally wnitten by Julian Fellowes The series is sot during the post- Ldwardian era (after idward VII's death) and depicts how major historical events such

as the sinking of the Royal Mail Ship Titanic, the First World War and the Spanish influenza pandemic affect the fictional estate of Downton Abbey in Yorkshire Six series have been made so far, in which the 6% one has recently been confirmed to be

the Caal

The first series of the seven episodes in Series 1 was broadcast in the UK in 2010,

exploring the lives of the Crawley family and their servants from the day after the

sinking of the RMS Titanic in April 1912 to the outbreak of the lirst World War on a* Augusl 1914 The focus of the discussion is the first episode of Scenes One of the film

Dewnton Abbey because it is the commencement of all events and shows the main

features of the characters, notably their social status, attitude and personalities through

conversations with others

However, from a functional approach to analyze this work, little research based on pragmatic knowledge has been carried out Therefore, this study is intended to find out how Conversation Analysis (CA) can be applied to conversations in movies or drama

to inform audiences’ underslanding of the interpersonal dynarmics between characlers

through an investigation into a small aspect of CA common pattems of preferred and

dispreferred second tums and linguistic units used to signal them

In short, the self-interest in the film series Downton Abbey, especially the first season, and the lack of attention to the link between English film works and preference

1.4.2 General patterns of preference structure - - 10

1.4.3 Preferred second turns ¬—

1.3 Preferred and đispreferred second tum in Rpisode 1of the film Downton Abbey

THẾ nh KH HH 1n H0 kg HH gu — ` ` `

2.1.3 Research Procedures in nhe m

2.2.1 Overview of Preferreds and Dispreferreds - 20 3.2.3 General patterns of Preferredbs Hư ¬

2.2.3 Common linguistic features indicating Preferreds -ò 22

ABSTRACT This study is carried out in an attempt to investigate the general patterns of pro goud tums as well as the common linguistic features

indicating them in the first episode of the film Downton Abbey based on the theoretical

cred and dispreferred s

frameworks of conversation analysis and preference structure

‘the database comprises 108 conversations, in which 13 contain preferred second responses and 95 consist of dispreferreds Both quantitative and qualitative methods have been employed to seck answers to the rescarcla question

The findings reported in the study can be summarized as follows Firstly, the

mere four palierns of preferred seconds, namely assessment — agreement, invilation —

acceptance, proposal agreement and request acceptance, can be found in the

movie and the assessment — agreement pattern is the most cammon one Also, there are

four Hnguistic clements signaling the preferreds, among which ‘saymg ‘Ves’ ax answer’ ranks the most Next is the appearance of all the five patterns, respectively assessment — disagreement, invitation — refusal, offer — decline proposal — disagreement and request refusal, in the examined dialogues including dispreferred second tums The ‘delay/hesitate’ feature is the most widely used one Additionally,

the data analysis figures out that there is a combination of using several linguistic units

to indicate dispreferred second responses and some certain elements express the same-

class lines.

Speaker Conversation analysis Question

Answer Earl of Grantham Countess of Grantham Dowager Countess of Grantham Duke of Crowborough

And

pause in talk less than tenths of a second

Speaker Conversation analysis Question

Answer Earl of Grantham Countess of Grantham Dowager Countess of Grantham Duke of Crowborough

And

pause in talk less than tenths of a second

2.2.5.2 The ways six common linguistic features are used

PART 3— CONCLUSION

1 Recapimlation

1.1 đeneral patterns of preferreds

1.2 Linguistic fealures associated with prelerreds

1.3 General patterns of dispreferreds

1.4 Linguistic features associated with dispreferreds

2 Limitations of the study

3 Implications for language teaching and leaming

4 Suggestions for further studie5 sec

PART 1—TNTRODUCTION

1 Rationale nf the study

Dowaton Abbey is a period drama television series set and filmed in Britain and created and principally wnitten by Julian Fellowes The series is sot during the post- Ldwardian era (after idward VII's death) and depicts how major historical events such

as the sinking of the Royal Mail Ship Titanic, the First World War and the Spanish influenza pandemic affect the fictional estate of Downton Abbey in Yorkshire Six series have been made so far, in which the 6% one has recently been confirmed to be

the Caal

The first series of the seven episodes in Series 1 was broadcast in the UK in 2010,

exploring the lives of the Crawley family and their servants from the day after the

sinking of the RMS Titanic in April 1912 to the outbreak of the lirst World War on a* Augusl 1914 The focus of the discussion is the first episode of Scenes One of the film

Dewnton Abbey because it is the commencement of all events and shows the main

features of the characters, notably their social status, attitude and personalities through

conversations with others

However, from a functional approach to analyze this work, little research based on pragmatic knowledge has been carried out Therefore, this study is intended to find out how Conversation Analysis (CA) can be applied to conversations in movies or drama

to inform audiences’ underslanding of the interpersonal dynarmics between characlers

through an investigation into a small aspect of CA common pattems of preferred and

dispreferred second tums and linguistic units used to signal them

In short, the self-interest in the film series Downton Abbey, especially the first season, and the lack of attention to the link between English film works and preference

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT8 ộ co ccesriieeccrer

LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES

ABBREVIATIONS & CONVENTIONS

PART 1 INTRODUCTION

1 Rationale of the study

k Aims of the study

3 Research QQuesiiơns se

4, Significanes of the study ào eeeeeree

5 Scope of the study

6 Design of the sbudy _-

PART 2- DEVELOPMENT 2 0 se

CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND _

1.2 Speech Acts -.ssessissnsstsneetiseeninessstastestse sine seeeeie

tà

2

LIST GF TABLES & FIGURES

Table I — Correlation of content and format in adjacency pairs seconds Table 2 — The general pattems of preferred and dispreferred structures Table 3 — Linguistic patterns signaling disprefcrred sccond tuns

Figure |: Percentage of frequency distribution

Figure 2: General patterns of preferred second tums

Figure 3: Linguistic features indicating preferred second turns

Figure 4: Guneral patterns of dispre(erred second tums

Figure 5: Linguistic features indicating dispreferred second turns

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT8 ộ co ccesriieeccrer

LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES

ABBREVIATIONS & CONVENTIONS

PART 1 INTRODUCTION

1 Rationale of the study

k Aims of the study

3 Research QQuesiiơns se

4, Significanes of the study ào eeeeeree

5 Scope of the study

6 Design of the sbudy _-

PART 2- DEVELOPMENT 2 0 se

CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND _

1.2 Speech Acts -.ssessissnsstsneetiseeninessstastestse sine seeeeie

tà

2

LIST GF TABLES & FIGURES

Table I — Correlation of content and format in adjacency pairs seconds Table 2 — The general pattems of preferred and dispreferred structures Table 3 — Linguistic patterns signaling disprefcrred sccond tuns

Figure |: Percentage of frequency distribution

Figure 2: General patterns of preferred second tums

Figure 3: Linguistic features indicating preferred second turns

Figure 4: Guneral patterns of dispre(erred second tums

Figure 5: Linguistic features indicating dispreferred second turns

PART 1—TNTRODUCTION

1 Rationale nf the study

Dowaton Abbey is a period drama television series set and filmed in Britain and created and principally wnitten by Julian Fellowes The series is sot during the post- Ldwardian era (after idward VII's death) and depicts how major historical events such

as the sinking of the Royal Mail Ship Titanic, the First World War and the Spanish influenza pandemic affect the fictional estate of Downton Abbey in Yorkshire Six series have been made so far, in which the 6% one has recently been confirmed to be

the Caal

The first series of the seven episodes in Series 1 was broadcast in the UK in 2010,

exploring the lives of the Crawley family and their servants from the day after the

sinking of the RMS Titanic in April 1912 to the outbreak of the lirst World War on a* Augusl 1914 The focus of the discussion is the first episode of Scenes One of the film

Dewnton Abbey because it is the commencement of all events and shows the main

features of the characters, notably their social status, attitude and personalities through

conversations with others

However, from a functional approach to analyze this work, little research based on pragmatic knowledge has been carried out Therefore, this study is intended to find out how Conversation Analysis (CA) can be applied to conversations in movies or drama

to inform audiences’ underslanding of the interpersonal dynarmics between characlers

through an investigation into a small aspect of CA common pattems of preferred and

dispreferred second tums and linguistic units used to signal them

In short, the self-interest in the film series Downton Abbey, especially the first season, and the lack of attention to the link between English film works and preference

1.4.2 General patterns of preference structure - - 10

1.4.3 Preferred second turns ¬—

1.3 Preferred and đispreferred second tum in Rpisode 1of the film Downton Abbey

THẾ nh KH HH 1n H0 kg HH gu — ` ` `

2.1.3 Research Procedures in nhe m

2.2.1 Overview of Preferreds and Dispreferreds - 20 3.2.3 General patterns of Preferredbs Hư ¬

2.2.3 Common linguistic features indicating Preferreds -ò 22

ABSTRACT This study is carried out in an attempt to investigate the general patterns of pro goud tums as well as the common linguistic features

indicating them in the first episode of the film Downton Abbey based on the theoretical

cred and dispreferred s

frameworks of conversation analysis and preference structure

‘the database comprises 108 conversations, in which 13 contain preferred second responses and 95 consist of dispreferreds Both quantitative and qualitative methods have been employed to seck answers to the rescarcla question

The findings reported in the study can be summarized as follows Firstly, the

mere four palierns of preferred seconds, namely assessment — agreement, invilation —

acceptance, proposal agreement and request acceptance, can be found in the

movie and the assessment — agreement pattern is the most cammon one Also, there are

four Hnguistic clements signaling the preferreds, among which ‘saymg ‘Ves’ ax answer’ ranks the most Next is the appearance of all the five patterns, respectively assessment — disagreement, invitation — refusal, offer — decline proposal — disagreement and request refusal, in the examined dialogues including dispreferred second tums The ‘delay/hesitate’ feature is the most widely used one Additionally,

the data analysis figures out that there is a combination of using several linguistic units

to indicate dispreferred second responses and some certain elements express the same-

class lines.

2.2.5.2 The ways six common linguistic features are used

PART 3— CONCLUSION

1 Recapimlation

1.1 đeneral patterns of preferreds

1.2 Linguistic fealures associated with prelerreds

1.3 General patterns of dispreferreds

1.4 Linguistic features associated with dispreferreds

2 Limitations of the study

3 Implications for language teaching and leaming

4 Suggestions for further studie5 sec

1.4.2 General patterns of preference structure - - 10

1.4.3 Preferred second turns ¬—

1.3 Preferred and đispreferred second tum in Rpisode 1of the film Downton Abbey

THẾ nh KH HH 1n H0 kg HH gu — ` ` `

2.1.3 Research Procedures in nhe m

2.2.1 Overview of Preferreds and Dispreferreds - 20 3.2.3 General patterns of Preferredbs Hư ¬

2.2.3 Common linguistic features indicating Preferreds -ò 22

LIST GF TABLES & FIGURES

Table I — Correlation of content and format in adjacency pairs seconds Table 2 — The general pattems of preferred and dispreferred structures Table 3 — Linguistic patterns signaling disprefcrred sccond tuns

Figure |: Percentage of frequency distribution

Figure 2: General patterns of preferred second tums

Figure 3: Linguistic features indicating preferred second turns

Figure 4: Guneral patterns of dispre(erred second tums

Figure 5: Linguistic features indicating dispreferred second turns

Speaker Conversation analysis Question

Answer Earl of Grantham Countess of Grantham Dowager Countess of Grantham Duke of Crowborough

And

pause in talk less than tenths of a second

2.2.5.2 The ways six common linguistic features are used

PART 3— CONCLUSION

1 Recapimlation

1.1 đeneral patterns of preferreds

1.2 Linguistic fealures associated with prelerreds

1.3 General patterns of dispreferreds

1.4 Linguistic features associated with dispreferreds

2 Limitations of the study

3 Implications for language teaching and leaming

4 Suggestions for further studie5 sec

LIST GF TABLES & FIGURES

Table I — Correlation of content and format in adjacency pairs seconds Table 2 — The general pattems of preferred and dispreferred structures Table 3 — Linguistic patterns signaling disprefcrred sccond tuns

Figure |: Percentage of frequency distribution

Figure 2: General patterns of preferred second tums

Figure 3: Linguistic features indicating preferred second turns

Figure 4: Guneral patterns of dispre(erred second tums

Figure 5: Linguistic features indicating dispreferred second turns

1.4.2 General patterns of preference structure - - 10

1.4.3 Preferred second turns ¬—

1.3 Preferred and đispreferred second tum in Rpisode 1of the film Downton Abbey

THẾ nh KH HH 1n H0 kg HH gu — ` ` `

2.1.3 Research Procedures in nhe m

2.2.1 Overview of Preferreds and Dispreferreds - 20 3.2.3 General patterns of Preferredbs Hư ¬

2.2.3 Common linguistic features indicating Preferreds -ò 22

1.4.2 General patterns of preference structure - - 10

1.4.3 Preferred second turns ¬—

1.3 Preferred and đispreferred second tum in Rpisode 1of the film Downton Abbey

THẾ nh KH HH 1n H0 kg HH gu — ` ` `

2.1.3 Research Procedures in nhe m

2.2.1 Overview of Preferreds and Dispreferreds - 20 3.2.3 General patterns of Preferredbs Hư ¬

2.2.3 Common linguistic features indicating Preferreds -ò 22

Speaker Conversation analysis Question

Answer Earl of Grantham Countess of Grantham Dowager Countess of Grantham Duke of Crowborough

And

pause in talk less than tenths of a second

TABLE OF CONTENTS

DECLARATION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

ABSTRACT

TABLE OF CONTENT8 ộ co ccesriieeccrer

LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES

ABBREVIATIONS & CONVENTIONS

PART 1 INTRODUCTION

1 Rationale of the study

k Aims of the study

3 Research QQuesiiơns se

4, Significanes of the study ào eeeeeree

5 Scope of the study

6 Design of the sbudy _-

PART 2- DEVELOPMENT 2 0 se

CHAPTER 1 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND _

1.2 Speech Acts -.ssessissnsstsneetiseeninessstastestse sine seeeeie

tà

2

1.4.2 General patterns of preference structure - - 10

1.4.3 Preferred second turns ¬—

1.3 Preferred and đispreferred second tum in Rpisode 1of the film Downton Abbey

THẾ nh KH HH 1n H0 kg HH gu — ` ` `

2.1.3 Research Procedures in nhe m

2.2.1 Overview of Preferreds and Dispreferreds - 20 3.2.3 General patterns of Preferredbs Hư ¬

2.2.3 Common linguistic features indicating Preferreds -ò 22

PART 1—TNTRODUCTION

1 Rationale nf the study

Dowaton Abbey is a period drama television series set and filmed in Britain and created and principally wnitten by Julian Fellowes The series is sot during the post- Ldwardian era (after idward VII's death) and depicts how major historical events such

as the sinking of the Royal Mail Ship Titanic, the First World War and the Spanish influenza pandemic affect the fictional estate of Downton Abbey in Yorkshire Six series have been made so far, in which the 6% one has recently been confirmed to be

the Caal

The first series of the seven episodes in Series 1 was broadcast in the UK in 2010,

exploring the lives of the Crawley family and their servants from the day after the

sinking of the RMS Titanic in April 1912 to the outbreak of the lirst World War on a* Augusl 1914 The focus of the discussion is the first episode of Scenes One of the film

Dewnton Abbey because it is the commencement of all events and shows the main

features of the characters, notably their social status, attitude and personalities through

conversations with others

However, from a functional approach to analyze this work, little research based on pragmatic knowledge has been carried out Therefore, this study is intended to find out how Conversation Analysis (CA) can be applied to conversations in movies or drama

to inform audiences’ underslanding of the interpersonal dynarmics between characlers

through an investigation into a small aspect of CA common pattems of preferred and

dispreferred second tums and linguistic units used to signal them

In short, the self-interest in the film series Downton Abbey, especially the first season, and the lack of attention to the link between English film works and preference

LIST GF TABLES & FIGURES

Table I — Correlation of content and format in adjacency pairs seconds Table 2 — The general pattems of preferred and dispreferred structures Table 3 — Linguistic patterns signaling disprefcrred sccond tuns

Figure |: Percentage of frequency distribution

Figure 2: General patterns of preferred second tums

Figure 3: Linguistic features indicating preferred second turns

Figure 4: Guneral patterns of dispre(erred second tums

Figure 5: Linguistic features indicating dispreferred second turns