Luận văn euphemism of death and sex in english and vietnamese poems from cultural perspective

As an English teacher, the author would love to confibule lo the understanding of euphemism, thus promote suiooth communication based on cultural contrastive analysis of linglish and V

EUPUEMISM OF DEATH AND SEX LN ENGLISH AND VIETNAMESE

POEMS FROM CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE

{Uyén ngữ về cái chết và tình dục trong thơ tiếng Anh và tiếng Việt

nhìn từ góc độ văn hoá}

MINOR MASTER THESIS

Major: English Linguistics Code: 8220201.01

HANOI] - 2019

VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HAKOI

UNIVERSITY OF LANGUAGES AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

FACULTY OF POST-GRADUATE STUDIES

LE THI THUY AN

EUPUEMISM OF DEATH AND SEX LN ENGLISH AND VLIETNAME:

POEMS FROM CULTURAL PERSPECTIVE

{Uyén ngữ về cái chết và tình dục trong thơ tiếng Anh và tiếng Việt

nhìn từ góc độ văn hoá}

MINOR MASTER THESIS

Major: English Linguistics Code: 8220201.01

Supervisor: Dr Huynh Anh Tudn

HANOI - 2019

DECLARATION OF AUTHORSHIP:

I, Le Thi Thuy An, horchy slate (hal, this minor thesis 1s Ihe resull of my own research and all the materials in this study which is not my own work has been identified and acknowledged I also state that the substance of the thesis has not, wholly or in part, beon submitted for any degree lo any other universities or

institutions

Tr Huỳnh Anh Tuấn Lê Thị Thuỷ An

In the first place, I would like to express my deepest thanks to my supervisor,

Dr Huynh Anh Tudn, for his valuable assisanee and guidance throughout my research

Also, I am greatly indebted to all the professors and staff of the Faculty of Post

= Graduate Studies for their meartingful lessons and precious support thanks to which

1 was able to overcome obstacles during the time my research was carried out

Last but not least I owe a great debt of gratitude to my beloved family whose support and encouragement have always been a great deal of motivation thal has helped me to overcome all problems to complete my thesis.

Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW occ ssessensneenentuninsinenssasoneensennnaeS

2.4.2 Sex cuphemisms in English and Victiainese eo Tể 2.4.3 Sex and death euphemisms from a cultural perspective 1

3.1 Resscnrch qucstions con nnnnorrerrierrrerooeooeu.2

3.2 Research approach and method cccnnneieiseneeeooeu.22

3.4 Data colleetion proccdure, ccăninenoesririreoriosoeo28

iv

with Vietnamese one may bring to light the similarities and differences in the two languages and cultures, which seeks to help Ji‘L learners understand and have

better use of English This may also help EFT learners to have corifidence in eross-

cultural communication

What is more, in Vietnam, there has been a neglect of research into the

polileness strategies in cross-cultural communication in English and Victuamesc

‘This present study seeks to propose some suggestions on using euphemism to

prevent communication breakdown As an English teacher, the author would love to

confibule lo the understanding of euphemism, thus promote suiooth

communication based on cultural contrastive analysis of linglish and Vietnamese

poems

Ta conclusion, the study atlempls (o investigate the cuphemistic [orms of

English and Vietnamese poems from a contrastive analytical perspective, from the

perspectives of various scholars working on euphemism and its elements and issues

1.2 The aim and objectives of the study

This study aims at investigating the use of euphemisms of death and sex in

Fnglish and Vietnamese poems Specifically, the study seeks to explore low death

and scx cuphemisms are used in the poems and identify the similaritics and

differences in their use from a cultural perspective

1.3 Research questions

This present study seeks to answer the following research questions (RQ):

1, How are euphemisms of death and sex used in English and Vietnamese poems?

2 What are the similarities and differences in the use of euphemisms of death and sex in English and Vietnamese poems from a cultural perspective?

1.4 The significance of the research

In so doing, this study contributes important insights into cross-cultural communication both in sociolinguistic and socio-cultural aspects of the use of euphemism This also hopes 10 enhance cross-cultural motivation inchiding

bo

Table 4: Death euphemisms used in English and Vietnamese poems 2

Table 5: Sex euphemisms used in English and Vietnamese poems 42

vi

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Rationales

Luphemism is a common linguistic phenomenon in all languages Eversince

thờ bogirnnng of the world, people have tried Lo make themselves understood and to

understand others to communicate; they have used all forms of communication, and

in time words or written signs as well as spoken forms have become mare and more

specialived and complete

Words, along with human evolution and development, have been endowed with power, ideology and social change This is what has been called the social

construction of reality Therefore, words interpret the whole of our experience and

carry an entire upload of cultural and social-bound significance Iai-long (2008, p

55) went on to say that language and culture are inseparable from each other As an

inalienable part of language, cuphemism bears (he mark of culture He continues

that it can be easily tracked in our conversation and they reflect different levels of

cullure and various pallerns of culture To some extent, euphemism is a mirror of culture,

It is in that sense that euphemism, a special kind of words, as a medium of communication, is chosen to investigale m the light of cullural perspective inn English and Vietnamese poems

In so far, we have discussed that language demonstrates culture and the use

of euphemism is different from culture to culture Therefore, cultural differences may lead to communication breakdown (Daim et al., 2012), and there exists a need

to study euphemism in cultural contrastive analysis of English and Viewamese poems

Vor years, study of euphemism in Linglish and Vietnamese poems has been neglected, meanwhile, euphemism is not only a social phenomenon, but also a lingual phenomenon (Pan, 2013, p 1) Studying English cuphonmsin in comparison

Chapter 4 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Findings

4.1.1 Death cuphermams used in English and Vietnamese pocms

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Rationales

Luphemism is a common linguistic phenomenon in all languages Eversince

thờ bogirnnng of the world, people have tried Lo make themselves understood and to

understand others to communicate; they have used all forms of communication, and

in time words or written signs as well as spoken forms have become mare and more

specialived and complete

Words, along with human evolution and development, have been endowed with power, ideology and social change This is what has been called the social

construction of reality Therefore, words interpret the whole of our experience and

carry an entire upload of cultural and social-bound significance Iai-long (2008, p

55) went on to say that language and culture are inseparable from each other As an

inalienable part of language, cuphemism bears (he mark of culture He continues

that it can be easily tracked in our conversation and they reflect different levels of

cullure and various pallerns of culture To some extent, euphemism is a mirror of culture,

It is in that sense that euphemism, a special kind of words, as a medium of communication, is chosen to investigale m the light of cullural perspective inn English and Vietnamese poems

In so far, we have discussed that language demonstrates culture and the use

of euphemism is different from culture to culture Therefore, cultural differences may lead to communication breakdown (Daim et al., 2012), and there exists a need

to study euphemism in cultural contrastive analysis of English and Viewamese poems

Vor years, study of euphemism in Linglish and Vietnamese poems has been neglected, meanwhile, euphemism is not only a social phenomenon, but also a lingual phenomenon (Pan, 2013, p 1) Studying English cuphonmsin in comparison

Chapter 4 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Findings

4.1.1 Death cuphermams used in English and Vietnamese pocms

In the first place, I would like to express my deepest thanks to my supervisor,

Dr Huynh Anh Tudn, for his valuable assisanee and guidance throughout my research

Also, I am greatly indebted to all the professors and staff of the Faculty of Post

= Graduate Studies for their meartingful lessons and precious support thanks to which

1 was able to overcome obstacles during the time my research was carried out

Last but not least I owe a great debt of gratitude to my beloved family whose support and encouragement have always been a great deal of motivation thal has helped me to overcome all problems to complete my thesis.

In the first place, I would like to express my deepest thanks to my supervisor,

Dr Huynh Anh Tudn, for his valuable assisanee and guidance throughout my research

Also, I am greatly indebted to all the professors and staff of the Faculty of Post

= Graduate Studies for their meartingful lessons and precious support thanks to which

1 was able to overcome obstacles during the time my research was carried out

Last but not least I owe a great debt of gratitude to my beloved family whose support and encouragement have always been a great deal of motivation thal has helped me to overcome all problems to complete my thesis.

Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW occ ssessensneenentuninsinenssasoneensennnaeS

2.4.2 Sex cuphemisms in English and Victiainese eo Tể 2.4.3 Sex and death euphemisms from a cultural perspective 1

3.1 Resscnrch qucstions con nnnnorrerrierrrerooeooeu.2

3.2 Research approach and method cccnnneieiseneeeooeu.22

3.4 Data colleetion proccdure, ccăninenoesririreoriosoeo28

iv

Chapter 4 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Findings

4.1.1 Death cuphermams used in English and Vietnamese pocms

Chapter 4 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Findings

4.1.1 Death cuphermams used in English and Vietnamese pocms

with Vietnamese one may bring to light the similarities and differences in the two languages and cultures, which seeks to help Ji‘L learners understand and have

better use of English This may also help EFT learners to have corifidence in eross-

cultural communication

What is more, in Vietnam, there has been a neglect of research into the

polileness strategies in cross-cultural communication in English and Victuamesc

‘This present study seeks to propose some suggestions on using euphemism to

prevent communication breakdown As an English teacher, the author would love to

confibule lo the understanding of euphemism, thus promote suiooth

communication based on cultural contrastive analysis of linglish and Vietnamese

poems

Ta conclusion, the study atlempls (o investigate the cuphemistic [orms of

English and Vietnamese poems from a contrastive analytical perspective, from the

perspectives of various scholars working on euphemism and its elements and issues

1.2 The aim and objectives of the study

This study aims at investigating the use of euphemisms of death and sex in

Fnglish and Vietnamese poems Specifically, the study seeks to explore low death

and scx cuphemisms are used in the poems and identify the similaritics and

differences in their use from a cultural perspective

1.3 Research questions

This present study seeks to answer the following research questions (RQ):

1, How are euphemisms of death and sex used in English and Vietnamese poems?

2 What are the similarities and differences in the use of euphemisms of death and sex in English and Vietnamese poems from a cultural perspective?

1.4 The significance of the research

In so doing, this study contributes important insights into cross-cultural communication both in sociolinguistic and socio-cultural aspects of the use of euphemism This also hopes 10 enhance cross-cultural motivation inchiding

bo

In the first place, I would like to express my deepest thanks to my supervisor,

Dr Huynh Anh Tudn, for his valuable assisanee and guidance throughout my research

Also, I am greatly indebted to all the professors and staff of the Faculty of Post

= Graduate Studies for their meartingful lessons and precious support thanks to which

1 was able to overcome obstacles during the time my research was carried out

Last but not least I owe a great debt of gratitude to my beloved family whose support and encouragement have always been a great deal of motivation thal has helped me to overcome all problems to complete my thesis.

Table 4: Death euphemisms used in English and Vietnamese poems 2

Table 5: Sex euphemisms used in English and Vietnamese poems 42

vi

Chapter 4 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Findings

4.1.1 Death cuphermams used in English and Vietnamese pocms

Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW occ ssessensneenentuninsinenssasoneensennnaeS

2.4.2 Sex cuphemisms in English and Victiainese eo Tể 2.4.3 Sex and death euphemisms from a cultural perspective 1

3.1 Resscnrch qucstions con nnnnorrerrierrrerooeooeu.2

3.2 Research approach and method cccnnneieiseneeeooeu.22

3.4 Data colleetion proccdure, ccăninenoesririreoriosoeo28

iv

with Vietnamese one may bring to light the similarities and differences in the two languages and cultures, which seeks to help Ji‘L learners understand and have

better use of English This may also help EFT learners to have corifidence in eross-

cultural communication

What is more, in Vietnam, there has been a neglect of research into the

polileness strategies in cross-cultural communication in English and Victuamesc

‘This present study seeks to propose some suggestions on using euphemism to

prevent communication breakdown As an English teacher, the author would love to

confibule lo the understanding of euphemism, thus promote suiooth

communication based on cultural contrastive analysis of linglish and Vietnamese

poems

Ta conclusion, the study atlempls (o investigate the cuphemistic [orms of

English and Vietnamese poems from a contrastive analytical perspective, from the

perspectives of various scholars working on euphemism and its elements and issues

1.2 The aim and objectives of the study

This study aims at investigating the use of euphemisms of death and sex in

Fnglish and Vietnamese poems Specifically, the study seeks to explore low death

and scx cuphemisms are used in the poems and identify the similaritics and

differences in their use from a cultural perspective

1.3 Research questions

This present study seeks to answer the following research questions (RQ):

1, How are euphemisms of death and sex used in English and Vietnamese poems?

2 What are the similarities and differences in the use of euphemisms of death and sex in English and Vietnamese poems from a cultural perspective?

1.4 The significance of the research

In so doing, this study contributes important insights into cross-cultural communication both in sociolinguistic and socio-cultural aspects of the use of euphemism This also hopes 10 enhance cross-cultural motivation inchiding

bo

Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW occ ssessensneenentuninsinenssasoneensennnaeS

2.4.2 Sex cuphemisms in English and Victiainese eo Tể 2.4.3 Sex and death euphemisms from a cultural perspective 1

3.1 Resscnrch qucstions con nnnnorrerrierrrerooeooeu.2

3.2 Research approach and method cccnnneieiseneeeooeu.22

3.4 Data colleetion proccdure, ccăninenoesririreoriosoeo28

iv

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Rationales

Luphemism is a common linguistic phenomenon in all languages Eversince

thờ bogirnnng of the world, people have tried Lo make themselves understood and to

understand others to communicate; they have used all forms of communication, and

in time words or written signs as well as spoken forms have become mare and more

specialived and complete

Words, along with human evolution and development, have been endowed with power, ideology and social change This is what has been called the social

construction of reality Therefore, words interpret the whole of our experience and

carry an entire upload of cultural and social-bound significance Iai-long (2008, p

55) went on to say that language and culture are inseparable from each other As an

inalienable part of language, cuphemism bears (he mark of culture He continues

that it can be easily tracked in our conversation and they reflect different levels of

cullure and various pallerns of culture To some extent, euphemism is a mirror of culture,

It is in that sense that euphemism, a special kind of words, as a medium of communication, is chosen to investigale m the light of cullural perspective inn English and Vietnamese poems

In so far, we have discussed that language demonstrates culture and the use

of euphemism is different from culture to culture Therefore, cultural differences may lead to communication breakdown (Daim et al., 2012), and there exists a need

to study euphemism in cultural contrastive analysis of English and Viewamese poems

Vor years, study of euphemism in Linglish and Vietnamese poems has been neglected, meanwhile, euphemism is not only a social phenomenon, but also a lingual phenomenon (Pan, 2013, p 1) Studying English cuphonmsin in comparison

Chapter 4 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Findings

4.1.1 Death cuphermams used in English and Vietnamese pocms

Table 4: Death euphemisms used in English and Vietnamese poems 2

Table 5: Sex euphemisms used in English and Vietnamese poems 42

vi

In the first place, I would like to express my deepest thanks to my supervisor,

Dr Huynh Anh Tudn, for his valuable assisanee and guidance throughout my research

Also, I am greatly indebted to all the professors and staff of the Faculty of Post

= Graduate Studies for their meartingful lessons and precious support thanks to which

1 was able to overcome obstacles during the time my research was carried out

Last but not least I owe a great debt of gratitude to my beloved family whose support and encouragement have always been a great deal of motivation thal has helped me to overcome all problems to complete my thesis.

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Rationales

Luphemism is a common linguistic phenomenon in all languages Eversince

thờ bogirnnng of the world, people have tried Lo make themselves understood and to

understand others to communicate; they have used all forms of communication, and

in time words or written signs as well as spoken forms have become mare and more

specialived and complete

Words, along with human evolution and development, have been endowed with power, ideology and social change This is what has been called the social

construction of reality Therefore, words interpret the whole of our experience and

carry an entire upload of cultural and social-bound significance Iai-long (2008, p

55) went on to say that language and culture are inseparable from each other As an

inalienable part of language, cuphemism bears (he mark of culture He continues

that it can be easily tracked in our conversation and they reflect different levels of

cullure and various pallerns of culture To some extent, euphemism is a mirror of culture,

It is in that sense that euphemism, a special kind of words, as a medium of communication, is chosen to investigale m the light of cullural perspective inn English and Vietnamese poems

In so far, we have discussed that language demonstrates culture and the use

of euphemism is different from culture to culture Therefore, cultural differences may lead to communication breakdown (Daim et al., 2012), and there exists a need

to study euphemism in cultural contrastive analysis of English and Viewamese poems

Vor years, study of euphemism in Linglish and Vietnamese poems has been neglected, meanwhile, euphemism is not only a social phenomenon, but also a lingual phenomenon (Pan, 2013, p 1) Studying English cuphonmsin in comparison

with Vietnamese one may bring to light the similarities and differences in the two languages and cultures, which seeks to help Ji‘L learners understand and have

better use of English This may also help EFT learners to have corifidence in eross-

cultural communication

What is more, in Vietnam, there has been a neglect of research into the

polileness strategies in cross-cultural communication in English and Victuamesc

‘This present study seeks to propose some suggestions on using euphemism to

prevent communication breakdown As an English teacher, the author would love to

confibule lo the understanding of euphemism, thus promote suiooth

communication based on cultural contrastive analysis of linglish and Vietnamese

poems

Ta conclusion, the study atlempls (o investigate the cuphemistic [orms of

English and Vietnamese poems from a contrastive analytical perspective, from the

perspectives of various scholars working on euphemism and its elements and issues

1.2 The aim and objectives of the study

This study aims at investigating the use of euphemisms of death and sex in

Fnglish and Vietnamese poems Specifically, the study seeks to explore low death

and scx cuphemisms are used in the poems and identify the similaritics and

differences in their use from a cultural perspective

1.3 Research questions

This present study seeks to answer the following research questions (RQ):

1, How are euphemisms of death and sex used in English and Vietnamese poems?

2 What are the similarities and differences in the use of euphemisms of death and sex in English and Vietnamese poems from a cultural perspective?

1.4 The significance of the research

In so doing, this study contributes important insights into cross-cultural communication both in sociolinguistic and socio-cultural aspects of the use of euphemism This also hopes 10 enhance cross-cultural motivation inchiding

bo

ABSTRACT

Fuphemism is a Imguistie device lo express emotions, ideas and transmil attitudes in a more neutral way Besides, euphemism, as a universal phenomenon, is culturally specific This study aims at investigating the use of euphemisms of death and sex m English and Vietnamese poems Specifically, the study seeks to explore how death and sex euphemisms are used in poems and identify the similarities and differences in their use from a cultural perspective The research employed the

descriptive and contrastive method in analyzing the data and adopted a qualitative

approach ‘he data analysis demonstrates that both Linglish and Vietnamese euphemism is employed as face-keeping and taboo-avoiding function However, in

Fnglish death is more porovived as reel, peace, a sleep, w reunion or an end while

in Vietnamese, death is perceived as a heroic loss or a natural force, Sex in English

is often perceived as a war and function Whereas, in Vietnamese, sex is often comvuptualized as nature and companionship

Keywords: euphemism, dysphemism, poems, cultural perspective

ii

with Vietnamese one may bring to light the similarities and differences in the two languages and cultures, which seeks to help Ji‘L learners understand and have

better use of English This may also help EFT learners to have corifidence in eross-

cultural communication

What is more, in Vietnam, there has been a neglect of research into the

polileness strategies in cross-cultural communication in English and Victuamesc

‘This present study seeks to propose some suggestions on using euphemism to

prevent communication breakdown As an English teacher, the author would love to

confibule lo the understanding of euphemism, thus promote suiooth

communication based on cultural contrastive analysis of linglish and Vietnamese

poems

Ta conclusion, the study atlempls (o investigate the cuphemistic [orms of

English and Vietnamese poems from a contrastive analytical perspective, from the

perspectives of various scholars working on euphemism and its elements and issues

1.2 The aim and objectives of the study

This study aims at investigating the use of euphemisms of death and sex in

Fnglish and Vietnamese poems Specifically, the study seeks to explore low death

and scx cuphemisms are used in the poems and identify the similaritics and

differences in their use from a cultural perspective

1.3 Research questions

This present study seeks to answer the following research questions (RQ):

1, How are euphemisms of death and sex used in English and Vietnamese poems?

2 What are the similarities and differences in the use of euphemisms of death and sex in English and Vietnamese poems from a cultural perspective?

1.4 The significance of the research

In so doing, this study contributes important insights into cross-cultural communication both in sociolinguistic and socio-cultural aspects of the use of euphemism This also hopes 10 enhance cross-cultural motivation inchiding

bo

Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW occ ssessensneenentuninsinenssasoneensennnaeS

2.4.2 Sex cuphemisms in English and Victiainese eo Tể 2.4.3 Sex and death euphemisms from a cultural perspective 1

3.1 Resscnrch qucstions con nnnnorrerrierrrerooeooeu.2

3.2 Research approach and method cccnnneieiseneeeooeu.22

3.4 Data colleetion proccdure, ccăninenoesririreoriosoeo28

iv

Chapter 4 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Findings

4.1.1 Death cuphermams used in English and Vietnamese pocms

Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW occ ssessensneenentuninsinenssasoneensennnaeS

2.4.2 Sex cuphemisms in English and Victiainese eo Tể 2.4.3 Sex and death euphemisms from a cultural perspective 1

3.1 Resscnrch qucstions con nnnnorrerrierrrerooeooeu.2

3.2 Research approach and method cccnnneieiseneeeooeu.22

3.4 Data colleetion proccdure, ccăninenoesririreoriosoeo28

iv

ABSTRACT

Fuphemism is a Imguistie device lo express emotions, ideas and transmil attitudes in a more neutral way Besides, euphemism, as a universal phenomenon, is culturally specific This study aims at investigating the use of euphemisms of death and sex m English and Vietnamese poems Specifically, the study seeks to explore how death and sex euphemisms are used in poems and identify the similarities and differences in their use from a cultural perspective The research employed the

descriptive and contrastive method in analyzing the data and adopted a qualitative

approach ‘he data analysis demonstrates that both Linglish and Vietnamese euphemism is employed as face-keeping and taboo-avoiding function However, in

Fnglish death is more porovived as reel, peace, a sleep, w reunion or an end while

in Vietnamese, death is perceived as a heroic loss or a natural force, Sex in English

is often perceived as a war and function Whereas, in Vietnamese, sex is often comvuptualized as nature and companionship

Keywords: euphemism, dysphemism, poems, cultural perspective

ii

ABSTRACT

Fuphemism is a Imguistie device lo express emotions, ideas and transmil attitudes in a more neutral way Besides, euphemism, as a universal phenomenon, is culturally specific This study aims at investigating the use of euphemisms of death and sex m English and Vietnamese poems Specifically, the study seeks to explore how death and sex euphemisms are used in poems and identify the similarities and differences in their use from a cultural perspective The research employed the

descriptive and contrastive method in analyzing the data and adopted a qualitative

approach ‘he data analysis demonstrates that both Linglish and Vietnamese euphemism is employed as face-keeping and taboo-avoiding function However, in

Fnglish death is more porovived as reel, peace, a sleep, w reunion or an end while

in Vietnamese, death is perceived as a heroic loss or a natural force, Sex in English

is often perceived as a war and function Whereas, in Vietnamese, sex is often comvuptualized as nature and companionship

Keywords: euphemism, dysphemism, poems, cultural perspective

ii

with Vietnamese one may bring to light the similarities and differences in the two languages and cultures, which seeks to help Ji‘L learners understand and have

better use of English This may also help EFT learners to have corifidence in eross-

cultural communication

What is more, in Vietnam, there has been a neglect of research into the

polileness strategies in cross-cultural communication in English and Victuamesc

‘This present study seeks to propose some suggestions on using euphemism to

prevent communication breakdown As an English teacher, the author would love to

confibule lo the understanding of euphemism, thus promote suiooth

communication based on cultural contrastive analysis of linglish and Vietnamese

poems

Ta conclusion, the study atlempls (o investigate the cuphemistic [orms of

English and Vietnamese poems from a contrastive analytical perspective, from the

perspectives of various scholars working on euphemism and its elements and issues

1.2 The aim and objectives of the study

This study aims at investigating the use of euphemisms of death and sex in

Fnglish and Vietnamese poems Specifically, the study seeks to explore low death

and scx cuphemisms are used in the poems and identify the similaritics and

differences in their use from a cultural perspective

1.3 Research questions

This present study seeks to answer the following research questions (RQ):

1, How are euphemisms of death and sex used in English and Vietnamese poems?

2 What are the similarities and differences in the use of euphemisms of death and sex in English and Vietnamese poems from a cultural perspective?

1.4 The significance of the research

In so doing, this study contributes important insights into cross-cultural communication both in sociolinguistic and socio-cultural aspects of the use of euphemism This also hopes 10 enhance cross-cultural motivation inchiding

bo