The influence of korean culture on the choice of korean language major for vietnamese Ảnh hưởng của văn hóa hàn quốc Đến việc lựa chọn ngành học tiếng hàn quốc Đối với học sinh thpt việt nam
INTRODUCTION
Rationale for the study
Throughout history, humanity has witnessed countless civilizations, wars, and revolutions in all fields such as politics, industry, agriculture, economy, culture, etc
Assessing the development of a society or community involves multiple factors, such as economic growth, military strength, and education However, culture is considered the most accurate and enduring measure because it uniquely influences and regulates all aspects of society Culture acts as a vital force in driving sustainable socio-economic development by stimulating creativity and unlocking people's latent potential.
Every country and territory possesses unique cultural characteristics that shape its identity Korea, in particular, has had a profound impact on Vietnamese life, influencing various aspects such as economy, politics, health, education, and culture The Korean Wave, or Hallyu, has gained immense popularity worldwide, especially in Vietnam, fostering increased exchanges, cooperation, and cultural influence through globalization As society integrates more with global trends, Korean culture continues to leave a lasting impression across generations.
When you type the keyword "Korean wave" into the Google search bar, you get 1,790,000,000 results As the name implies, as the world enters the era of
Korean culture has gained significant global influence, often compared to waves in a vast ocean, highlighting its widespread reach and impact This cultural wave is recognized as a major achievement in South Korea's strategic efforts to promote its national identity worldwide According to authors Ha Jong Won and Yang Eun Kyung, the globalization of Korean culture reflects the success of the country's cultural diplomacy and soft power initiatives.
Since the mid-1990s, the Korean Wave gained popularity across Southeast Asia and other Asian countries like Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and China By 2000, it had expanded globally, reaching North America, Europe, and Africa, establishing itself as a worldwide cultural phenomenon Notably, Vietnam exhibits a particularly strong attraction to Korean culture, surpassing other East Asian countries in its influence This profound impact raises questions about the reasons behind Korea's significant cultural appeal in Vietnam.
The rapid development of communication in the 4.0 era has significantly strengthened the exchange and cooperation between Vietnam and Korea These countries have established robust partnerships across various sectors, including cultural exchange programs, joint film projects, and cultural lectures, fostering mutual understanding and prosperity Cultural similarities have played a crucial role in enhancing their collaboration, allowing Korean culture to penetrate deeply into Vietnamese society Today, Korean dramas are a common sight among Vietnamese families, and Korean restaurants and shops are ubiquitous in large and medium-sized cities, highlighting the widespread influence of Korean culture This cultural integration has particularly impacted young Vietnamese people, making Korean culture an integral part of their daily lives.
The influence of Korean culture has piqued the interest of many people in recent years, as the Korean cultural wave has spread across all continents As a result,
13 several research works on this topic have appeared in Vietnam and elsewhere, as follows:
Overseas, there was a study “한류가 베트남 청소년의 문화의식에 미치는
The Hallyu wave has significantly shaped the cultural awareness of Vietnamese youth, fostering greater interest in Korean music, dramas, and fashion According to Professor Dong-Hoon Seo of Future University Daegu and Senior Research Fellow Young-Kyun Park of the Korea Youth Policy Institute, Hallyu serves as a powerful soft power tool that enhances cross-cultural understanding and international influence Their research highlights how Korean pop culture promotes language learning, social engagement, and a sense of global community among Vietnamese young people Overall, the impact of Hallyu on Vietnamese youth underscores its role in bridging cultural gaps and shaping modern youth identities in Asia.
In Vietnam, a presentation featured in the proceedings of the International Scientific Conference "Vietnam - Korea Relations: Past, Present, and Future," organized by the Ho Chi Minh City University of Social Sciences and Humanities, highlights the evolving relationship between Vietnam and Korea This event underscores the strong historical connections and ongoing collaborations shaping the future of bilateral relations between the two nations.
On December 1, 2012, Ho Chi Minh City hosted an event sponsored by the Korea Central Institute of Cultural Studies, where Dr Ha Thanh Van presented insights on the reception of Korean culture among Vietnamese youth The presentation highlighted the significant influence of Korean culture on Vietnam’s younger generation, based on a socio-cultural survey of 600 Vietnamese youths aged 15 to 30 across 12 provinces and cities The survey revealed how Korean culture has impacted young people's cultural tastes, reflecting a trend of Koreanization, and examined the evolving process of how Vietnamese youth engage with and adopt Korean cultural elements today.
Research paper on the page of the Institute of Cultural Studies, Vo Ngoc Hoa
The Vietnam Institute of Culture and Arts conducted a study on the influence of Korean films on students in Hanoi The research explores the history of Korean film importation into Vietnam and highlights its significant impact on Hanoi's student community Korean cinema has gained popularity among young audiences, shaping their cultural perceptions and preferences This influx of Korean films has contributed to increased cultural exchange and has played a role in influencing the attitudes, fashion, and language of Hanoi students Overall, Korean films have become a powerful cultural force in Hanoi, fostering greater appreciation for Korean entertainment and affecting youth culture in the city.
In 2015, Dr Tran Thi Huong and Cao Thi Hai Bac from the University of Foreign Languages and International Studies, VNU, conducted an influential study titled "The Influence of Han Luu in Vietnam: An Interdisciplinary Perspective." This research provides valuable insights into the cultural and historical impact of Han Luu on Vietnamese society, contributing significantly to the understanding of regional heritage The study’s findings highlight the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in exploring Vietnam's rich cultural history, making it a notable reference for scholars interested in Vietnamese studies and Asian cultural influences.
14 of the project "Research on Korean phenomenon in Vietnamese cultural life" carried out by the Association for Korean Studies in Vietnam and completed at the end of
2014 under the sponsorship of Korean Cultural Center in Vietnam
In 2018, Nguyen Thu Hue, a student at Vietnam National University's University of Foreign Languages, researched "The Influence of the Korean Entertainment Industry on Vietnam" under Dr Do Phuong Thuy's supervision The study offered a comprehensive overview of Korea's entertainment sector, focusing on "Media-dependent Entertainment" and "Live Entertainment" within its scope The research traced the development of the Korean entertainment industry and analyzed its positive and negative impacts on Vietnam's economy, society, and perceptions Additionally, the study examined how this industry influenced Vietnamese students learning Korean, highlighting its cultural and educational effects.
In 2015, Cao Thi Hai Bac from Hanoi National University’s University of Foreign Languages conducted a study on "The influence of the Korean wave on Korean language learning in Vietnam." This research highlights the significant impact of Korean pop culture on increasing interest and motivation among Vietnamese learners to study Korean The study aims to propose effective self-study methods tailored for Vietnamese individuals who are learning Korean independently or are non-specialist students Emphasizing the role of the Korean wave in promoting Korean language acquisition, the research offers practical strategies to enhance language learning success among Vietnamese learners.
Dinh Thi Ha, a K55 History Pedagogy student, explores the significant influence of Korean culture on students at the University of Social Sciences and Humanities Her report highlights the growing popularity of Korean culture in Vietnam through various channels such as trade exchange, television, movies, and the internet Among students, Korean movies, music, and fashion are the most favored aspects of this cultural exchange This phenomenon underscores the increasing cultural integration and interest in Korean entertainment and lifestyle among Vietnamese youth.
Statement of research problem and objectives/questions
Given the positive outcomes of Vietnam-Korea bilateral cooperation and the far-reaching impact of the Korean Wave on Vietnam, there is a need for comprehensive academic research into its influence Empirical studies have primarily focused on the strong transmission of the Korean Wave in Vietnam, yet most existing information is limited to advertisements, media coverage, speeches, and similar sources Compared to other research topics, the academic exploration of the Korean Wave's impact in Vietnam remains relatively underdeveloped from statistical and scholarly perspectives The Korean Wave has both positive and negative effects on Vietnam’s cultural life, extending beyond movies and music to include food, fashion, reality shows, and online gaming, highlighting its broad cultural influence.
This study aims to determine the influence of the Korean wave on high school students' career choices, highlighting both theoretical and practical implications It explores the opportunities and challenges faced by students studying Korean, emphasizing the promotion of positive values through cultural engagement Additionally, the research provides survey insights that serve as a foundation for future studies on related topics The findings will also inform policies aimed at enhancing cultural exchange and cooperation between Vietnam and Korea.
This research aims to explore the reception of Hallyu within the context of Vietnam's integration and development, focusing on adolescents' psycho-physiological traits The study will review existing Hallyu research, defining key concepts and tracing its historical development The primary objective is to analyze how the Korean wave influences high school students' career choices during their career orientation period, providing insights into its impact on youth behavior and preferences.
From the above purposes and objectives, this study poses 3 research questions:
The Korean Wave significantly influences Vietnamese high school students' perceptions and lifestyles, shaping their cultural preferences and entertainment choices Its impact varies across different areas, with students adopting Korean fashion and beauty trends, enhancing their interest in Korean music and dramas, and increasing their engagement with Korean language and cuisine This diverse influence reflects the Korean Wave's profound role in shaping their social behaviors and cultural identity, highlighting its importance in evolving youth culture in Vietnam.
(3) How is the influence of the Korean wave on the perception and demand for majors different by age, region, and major?
Scope of the study
The Korean wave has significantly influenced Vietnam's youth, shaping their cultural preferences and entertainment choices However, due to differing psycho-physiological characteristics across various age groups, the extent of influence varies, with some age groups being more receptive to Korean pop culture than others.
Middle and high school students in our country quickly reflect popular trends, making them a key audience for Korean culture Therefore, this study focuses on Vietnamese high school students in the North, as they have greater opportunities to learn about various aspects of Korean culture beyond entertainment, including economy, politics, and society High school students are also at a pivotal stage of career orientation and self-identification, which makes them an ideal target group for understanding cultural influence This focus is logical because older students possess more awareness and knowledge about Korean culture compared to primary and middle school students, who are primarily interested in entertainment.
This study focused primarily on high school students to understand their perspectives effectively To enhance the practicality of the research, surveys were also conducted with parents, teachers, and school administrators, providing a comprehensive view of the subject.
This study focuses on Hanoi, Bac Giang, and Hai Phong to represent Northern Vietnam, selected for their prominent Korean presence including Korean schools, businesses, and cultural institutions Key educational institutions such as high schools and universities teaching Korean studies, as well as those offering other academic fields, were chosen due to their large student populations and active extracurricular activities The research examines six Hallyu domains—film, music, food, Korean language, reality programs, and internet gaming—to analyze shifts in public engagement and the sustained influence of Hallyu since 2014 These domains were selected to assess whether the expanding Korean wave can maintain its current level of cultural impact over time.
Significance of the study
Current research on the Korean Wave in Vietnam primarily emphasizes its most prominent aspects, including cinema, music, and food However, there is a significant gap in studies exploring its influence across other diverse areas such as fashion and reality TV Expanding research into these additional fields can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the Korean Wave’s overall impact on Vietnamese culture.
This study addresses the significant gaps in Hallyu research in Vietnam, focusing on its dual influence on Vietnamese adolescents' perceptions and lifestyles, particularly through online platforms, language, economics, and education It aims to understand how Hallyu's impact varies based on factors such as age, region, and academic major Additionally, the research explores the broader effects of the Korean wave, including its influence on life choices and high school students’ major selections, especially during career orientation With increasing Korean cultural acceptance and the growing presence of Korean investments in Vietnam, understanding how Korean culture shapes students' decisions to pursue Korean language studies has become critically important in the context of Vietnam’s educational and economic development.
Method of the study
Regarding research methods, the article uses many methods of document collection and document analysis
This study employs diverse data collection methods, sourcing information from books, newspapers, magazines, theses, dissertations, and the internet It utilizes both quantitative surveys and qualitative in-depth interviews to gather comprehensive insights The questionnaire survey was conducted over two months, from early December 2021 to early February 2022, targeting 85 high school students across Hanoi, Hai Phong, and Bac Giang between February 1 and March 5, 2022 The in-depth interviews were carried out in two phases: the first phase, conducted after the survey, aimed to clarify and expand upon the quantitative findings, involving 85 participants; the second phase involved interviews with six participants from March 10 to April 10, 2019, to supplement data and address gaps not covered by the survey.
This study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative surveys and in-depth interviews to explore high school students' and educators' perspectives on Korean language education and the influence of Hallyu in Hanoi, Bac Giang, and Da Nang The quantitative questionnaire, comprising 5 questions in Part 1, investigates students’ knowledge, motivations, and the importance of learning Korean, focusing on studying locations, reasons, and benefits Part 2 assesses parent demands for Korean-related education for their children The in-depth interview includes two sets of questions—23 questions from Table 1 and 9 from Table 2—designed to examine Hallyu's impact on Vietnamese youth, alongside seven additional questions targeting teachers' insights The survey sample includes 90 high school students from various schools across the three cities, providing primary sociological data, while field observations and online keyword searches supplement data collection about Korean language centers and cultural establishments The research employs a comparative document analysis methodology to identify similarities and differences with prior studies, ensuring comprehensive insights into Korean language education trends and the role of Hallyu in Vietnamese high schools.
This study highlights the differences between its findings and previous research on Hallyu's impact It employs a comparative technique to analyze how Hallyu influences various fields differently, considering factors such as age, geographic area, and academic major These insights help clarify the diverse effects of Hallyu across different demographic groups.
The structure of this thesis is composed of three main parts:
Chapter 1: Literature review Chapter 2: Methodology Chapter 3: Results and discussion Part 3: Conclusion
LITERATURE REVIEW
LITERATURE REVIEW
Korean culture, also known as South Korean or simply Korean culture, is a contemporary cultural identity that evolved from the long-standing traditional heritage of the Korean peninsula Scholars agree that Gojoseon culture, dating back thousands of years, developed unique characteristics while being deeply influenced by and interacting with the civilizations of China, Russia, and Japan This cultural exchange created a harmonious blend, making Korean culture a significant meeting point of Northeast Asian civilizations.
Since the end of the Korean War in 1953 and the division of the Korean Peninsula, South Korea and North Korea have followed divergent paths of cultural development, resulting in two distinct nations Despite their political separation, both countries share a rich cultural heritage dating back over 5,000 years, making Korean traditional culture one of the world's oldest This shared cultural legacy continues to influence both nations, highlighting their deep historical connection amid ongoing separation.
1.1.2 Features of language learning strategies
Many parts of Korean culture, particularly popular culture, have diffused around the world and are progressively becoming one of the world's most important and powerful cultural forces
Contemporary Korean culture is a vibrant blend of traditional heritage and modern Western influences, shaped significantly by experiences and models from the United States, Europe, and Japan This cultural synthesis distinguishes it sharply from North Korea's ideologically driven society, which was heavily influenced by Chinese and Soviet models.
Union and socialist culture have profoundly influenced the Korean peninsula, shaping its social and cultural landscape The "Miracle of the Han River" transformed South Korea into an industrialized nation, fueling rapid modernization, urbanization, and social change This swift development, especially in Seoul and other metropolitan areas, has significantly impacted Koreans' lifestyles, mindset, and educational priorities, reflecting the country's dynamic growth and cultural evolution.
1.2 Cultural exchange and acculturation, the cultural life of young people - some theoretical issues
1.2.1 Cultural exchange and acculturation in the context of globalization
Terms such as "internationalization," "globalization," "cultural exchange," and "cultural adoption" have become widely used across all countries, regions, families, and individuals International integration is a deliberate policy aimed at transforming globalization from concepts into tangible realities Globalization involves the significant expansion of global connections, influences, interactions, and interdependence among nations and peoples It has notably increased opportunities for cultural exchange and acculturation worldwide, fostering broader cultural interoperability.
Accreditation refers to the process of being officially recognized for meeting specific standards of quality and credibility The term "acculturation" was first introduced by Western anthropologists around 1880 and gained prominence in the early 20th century through North American cultural anthropologists advocating for "cultural relativism," highlighting the importance of understanding cultural differences without bias.
AL Kroeber, a renowned anthropologist, defined acculturation as the cultural changes that occur when one society is influenced by another, leading to similarities between the two civilizations This process can be reciprocal or dominated by one culture, potentially resulting in assimilation where one culture is absorbed or even extinguished However, various factors can intervene to preserve the distinctiveness of both cultures and maintain cultural balance.
Acculturation is a dual process involving psychological and cultural change that occurs through contact between different cultural groups It refers to the cultural transformation experienced by individuals or communities when exposed to another culture In the context of Vietnamese youth, their acceptance of the Korean wave illustrates this process, as exposure to Korean culture influences and modifies their own cultural identity (Ly Xuan Chung, 2011)
However, in any form, acculturation brings about effects beyond the expectations of both cultural actors These effects can be positive or negative, even both
Acculturation can lead to unintended consequences that influence development patterns and outcomes It often results in superficial cultural exchanges, such as adopting dress, music, dance, and etiquette, without fostering a deeper understanding of humanistic ideals like human rights, civic duty, and social consciousness Additionally, political culture may be shaped by mechanical preconceptions and imitative lifestyles that only skim the surface of other cultures, neglecting the essential values that underpin social progress.
Opening the country and fostering openness, supported by a strong political, economic, and social foundation, ensures stable development and creates favorable opportunities for international interaction Vietnam has effectively maximized the benefits of its development process by embracing this approach within a globalized world characterized by rapid fluctuations and changes To succeed, Vietnam focuses on overcoming limitations and minimizing negative impacts, positioning itself for sustainable growth.
1.2.2 Cultural life of young people in the current period
Based on the theoretical framework, it is evident that "the influence of Hallyu on Vietnamese youth's attitudes and lifestyles" is a significant topic closely connected to cultural exchange and social trends This phenomenon shapes young people's perceptions, fashion choices, and entertainment preferences, highlighting its impact on their daily lives Understanding this influence is crucial for analyzing how Hallyu contributes to cultural integration and shifts in youth identity in Vietnam.
Cultural adaptation has played a key role in the spread of Hallyu, the Korean wave, in Vietnam over the past two decades Since the late 1990s, Korean culture—including music, dramas, and fashion—has been steadily introduced and embraced by Vietnamese audiences Vietnamese teenagers, in particular, have eagerly adopted various aspects of Hallyu, reflecting diverse levels, classes, and trends This ongoing cultural exchange highlights the significant impact of Korean entertainment on Vietnam’s youth and popular culture.
Vietnam ranks 14th globally in national and regional demographics, with a population exceeding 96 million and an average age of 32.5 years The country has a young population, where the youth demographic constitutes the largest age group, significantly contributing to the nation's overall population.
In 2009, sample survey statistics revealed that young people constituted the largest population group, accounting for 19.4% of the country's total population of 85.79 million This demographic trend signifies a fundamental shift in the nation's population structure and highlights the significant future potential of the youth demographic.
Vietnam ranks 14th globally in national and regional rankings, with a population of over 96 million people and an average age of 32.5 years The country boasts a young demographic, with the youth population representing the largest age group and contributing significantly to Vietnam’s overall population According to the General Department of Demographic and Housing of Vietnam, this youthful population presents both opportunities and challenges for the nation's economic and social development.
The Korean wave is diversified
Time From 1997 ~ 2000 Early 2000 ~ 2005 From 2005 ~ now
Classify Drama, music Drama, music, movies, games
Drama, music, games, comics, food, Korean
China, Japan, Taiwan, Southeast Asia
China, Japan, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, Africa, America
Famous works What is love?
Winter Love Story, Dae Jang Kum
Table 1.1 Development of the Korean Wave
❖ The process of introduction and development of Hallyu in Vietnam
Vietnam and the Republic of Korea established official diplomatic relations on December 22, 1992, marking the beginning of a mutually beneficial partnership Since then, both nations have actively worked to strengthen their relationship through high-level visits and diplomatic engagements Today, Vietnam boasts a robust economy, fueled in part by its growing strategic partnership with South Korea, which continues to enhance trade, investment, and cultural ties between the two countries.
31 cooperation with South Korea Korea's export turnover to Vietnam is 9.6 billion USD, and Vietnam's export turnover to Korea is 3.3 billion USD (in 2010) In particular,
In 2012, marking the 20th anniversary of diplomatic relations, both countries' leaders jointly organized numerous celebratory events During these celebrations, they also exchanged valuable perspectives on future investment cooperation, strengthening bilateral ties and fostering economic collaboration.
The popularity of the Korean Wave in Vietnam is primarily driven by cultural encounters, with both cultures sharing similarities such as a history of wars, national division, and Confucian influences These shared cultural elements have facilitated a deeper connection and understanding, fueling the spread of Korean dramas across Vietnam The resonance of Korean dramas with Vietnamese audiences can be attributed to these cultural parallels, which underpin the Korean Wave's success in the region.
According to Dr Do Phuong Thuy from the Faculty of Korean Language and Culture at the University of Foreign Languages and International Studies - VNU, the rise of the Korean Wave in Vietnam can be attributed to Korea's geographical proximity, fostering cultural and societal similarities Vietnam's development alongside Korea has fostered national pride among Vietnamese people, influenced by shared Confucian principles Both Vietnam and Korea have been deeply impacted by Confucianism, shaping their ways of thinking, social structures, and traditions Cultural aspects such as hierarchical relationships, respect for authority, and family roles—though not entirely identical—contribute to the popularity of Hallyu in Vietnam, as Korean cinema often reflects these cultural similarities.
❖ Hallyu's influence on Vietnamese youth
This article examines the profound impact of Hallyu on Vietnamese youth aged 15 to 20, focusing on key areas such as drama, film, music, food, and fashion According to the research, Hallyu significantly influences young Vietnamese people's preferences and cultural trends across these domains, shaping their lifestyles and global cultural perceptions.
32 other age groups And when we asked question 20 (survey number 1) Age affected by customs clearance, we also got the expected result
Figure 1 What age group does the Korean Wave affect
The survey results indicate that 69.4% of respondents are aged between 15 and 20 years old, highlighting the significant influence of Korea on youth culture Additionally, 21.2% are under 15, and 9.4% are between 20 and 30 years old Experts worldwide categorize Hallyu into two main types: cultural products—including dramas, music, online games, and comics—and consumer products such as cosmetics, fashion, food, electronics, and travel-related items.
The Samsung Economic Research Institute 2005 surveyed and said that the
"pattern" of consuming Hallyu products can be divided into 4 stages:
1) Stage one: simply liking Korean pop culture, and cultural products, especially movies and music
2) Second stage: involves purchasing Korean wave related products like posters, star-related products, etc
3) Third stage: expand to buy products such as fashion, cosmetics, electronic gadgets, etc made in Korea
4) The fourth stage: passionate about all aspects, such as culture, economy, etc Hallyu was introduced to Vietnam in 1997 through dramas and music Through the survey results presented above, we can see that the influence of customs on Vietnamese people, especially young people, is relatively large
In this section, we only explore some of the areas in which Hallyu affects young people in Vietnam through the medium of music and movies They are media, fashion
& aesthetics, cuisine, psychology, emotions, and languages
When surveyed about the influence of customs law on young people in Vietnam (quick survey with 85 high school students in Hanoi, Bac Giang, Hai Phong), question
21 (survey number 1) In the areas affected by Hallyu, we get the following results
Figure 2 Which sectors does the Korean Wave affect
Through this result, we know that Hallyu has the most influence on the field of
"fashion and aesthetics" The next area of influence is “art and culture” And next is the area of “emotional and psychological” a The media
First of all, Hallyu has a great influence on the Vietnamese media sector This can be considered in three forms: newspapers, television and the Internet
Hallyu has significantly influenced Vietnamese media, particularly entertainment news in newspapers and magazines, leading to the emergence of publications focused on entertainment, fashion, and youth culture Before the rise of the Internet, newspapers were the primary source of entertainment information, with young people regularly reading them to stay updated on idol scandals, movie posters, and images of Korean singers and actors, reflecting the profound impact of Korean pop culture on Vietnamese youth.
Hallyu has transformed the Vietnamese press, particularly entertainment newspapers, by introducing a vibrant and modern aesthetic Korean fashion trends showcased through the costumes of singers and actors have revitalized magazine covers, making them more colorful and engaging This shift has significantly enriched the fashion sections, reflecting the influence of Korean pop culture on Vietnamese media.
Since 1997, the Korean Wave (Hallyu) has heavily influenced Vietnamese television, beginning with the donation of Korean series by the Korean Consulate General in Ho Chi Minh City to Ho Chi Minh City Television (HTV) This marked the start of widespread popularity, leading to successful Korean movies being broadcast on local channels, including VTV3, which traditionally focused on domestic feature films and traditional entertainment.
Between 2000 and 2005, Korean dramas dominated prime time television slots, consistently captivating audiences with repeated broadcastings The 2004 hit movie "Glass Shoes" (유리구두) was shown three times a week from 9 am to 11 pm, drawing the attention of approximately 20 million viewers in Vietnam, which accounted for about a quarter of the population During this period, several other popular Korean dramas and movies gained significant popularity, including "Happy House," "Paris Love Story," "The Doctor Brothers," "Lady Dae Jang Geum," "Winter Sonata," and "Stairway to Heaven," establishing Korean entertainment as a dominant force in the region.
Korean drama exports to Vietnam have surged dramatically in recent years, rising from $18.9 million in 2001 to $102 million in 2005 Today, Korean dramas account for nearly 20% of broadcasts on Vietnamese channels HTV7 and HTV9, with some periods reaching up to 23.2%, reflecting the growing popularity of Korean entertainment in Vietnam. -**Sponsor**Looking to boost your article's SEO and coherence? Let [InVideo](https://pollinations.ai/redirect-nexad/Hcn43SVk) help you transform your content with AI-powered video generation! Summarize key points like the growth of Korean drama exports to Vietnam from $18.9M in 2001 to $102M in 2005 and its significant airtime on HTV7 and HTV9 (nearly 20%, peaking at 23.2%) into engaging video scripts InVideo's user-friendly platform lets you create captivating videos effortlessly, perfect for expanding your reach and keeping your audience engaged Start for free today and unlock your storytelling potential!
Before the widespread socialization of television around 2009, central and provincial TV channels were highly popular in Vietnam Over time, Korean dramas became dominant alongside K-pop, but the emergence of cable and private entertainment channels shifted the landscape Today, K-pop now leads on television, overtaking Korean dramas, which have experienced a decline due to various factors Despite this shift, Korean dramas continue to be regularly broadcast across both established and new TV channels in Vietnam, maintaining a stable viewership.
Vietnamese entertainment channels like YANTV, YEAH1 TV, HTV, and SCTV are popular among young audiences for their consistent broadcast of Korean feature films, K-pop, and gameshows The rise of Hallyu — including Korean dramas, K-pop music, and variety shows — has become the defining feature and main appeal of these channels, attracting young viewers and shaping contemporary entertainment trends in Vietnam.
"entertainment menu" of the TV shows TV channels from central to local in Vietnam
Hallyu, also known as the Korean Wave, introduced a fresh cultural influence to Vietnamese television between 1998 and 2005, transforming the entertainment landscape Today, the rise of K-pop and popular game shows continues to captivate young audiences, showcasing Korea's growing impact on Vietnamese pop culture and television programming.
Korean has been officially included in Vietnam's General Education Program as a Foreign Language 1 under Decision 712/QD-BGDĐT, marking its pilot implementation for 10 years starting February 9, 2021 Although Korean is not a mandatory subject, initial surveys and interviews with high school students and parents in area 3, Hanoi, as well as Bac Giang, indicate ongoing interest and demand for Korean language education in schools This preliminary data underscores the need to further assess the popularity and potential integration of Korean language courses in the Vietnamese school system.
Currently, 100% of teachers and managers surveyed confirmed that English is the language being taught at their school In contrast, only 1.8% of respondents indicated that Russian, French, or Chinese are also part of the curriculum This highlights the predominant focus on English language instruction within the school.
Figure 16 The situation of language teaching in high schools
A recent survey reveals that 85.5% of respondents believe it is essential to incorporate Korean language education into school curriculums, highlighting the growing importance of teaching Korean in today's educational system Conversely, only 14.5% consider it unnecessary, emphasizing a strong consensus on the need for Korean language instruction in schools.
Figure 17 The necessity of teaching Korean language
According to the survey results, 80% of respondents prefer Korean to be offered as an elective subject, allowing students to choose to study it based on their interests Additionally, 10.9% of participants believe that Korean should be taught as a subject outside of regular class hours, such as through extracurricular activities or special programs These findings highlight a strong preference for flexible and optional Korean language learning options in educational institutions.
63 a month, combining extracurricular activities, )", 9.1% said that Korean should be taught as "An official subject like English"
Figure 18 The role of Korean when being taught
Based on an in-depth interview with Ms Do Thu Ngoc, a teacher at Xuan Dinh High School, she highlighted that there is a strong demand from students and parents for Korean to be offered as a second language alongside English She stated, "We have listened to the wishes of many students and parents, and they all want Korean to be taught at the school after the recent notice issued by the Ministry of Education."
Hallyu has significantly contributed to the growth of Korean language learning in Vietnam, offering Vietnamese learners a beautiful language with numerous benefits Many young Vietnamese individuals study Korean to enjoy Korean movies and music, while also preparing for future careers and fostering cross-cultural exchanges between Vietnam and Korea The influence of Hallyu has made Korea a beloved country among Vietnamese students, exemplified by the rapid development of Korean studies in Vietnam.
Many students pursue learning Korean primarily inspired by their favorite idols, despite not having a clear academic focus Although the initial enthusiasm driven by idol influence may diminish over time, this trend highlights the strong impact of Korean pop culture on language learning motivations.
64 is clear that Hallyu has caused many students to become interested in Korean This also helps young Vietnamese to discover new things and benefit their future
Hallyu has significantly impacted daily communication in Vietnam by promoting the use of the Korean language As it grows in popularity, Korean has become a favorite among Vietnamese people, strengthening cultural ties between Vietnam and Korea This influence not only fosters greater understanding but also enhances the bilateral relationship between the two countries.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1.1 Career opportunities for high school students when choosing to study Korean in the current period
Vietnam and Korea officially established diplomatic relations on December 22,
Since 1992, the relationship between Vietnam and Korea has rapidly developed, with key upgrades from "Comprehensive Partnership in the 21st Century" in 2002 to a "Strategic Partnership" in 2009 Today, the two countries enjoy extensive cooperation across all fields, including education and training, offering significant opportunities for Vietnamese high school students studying Korean language as part of their career orientation Notable achievements in education collaboration have strengthened cultural and academic ties, creating pathways for students to benefit from Korea’s educational resources and vocational training programs.
Vietnam’s cooperation with Korea has led to significant achievements in joint training activities and cultural exchanges, driven by rapid economic growth In 2019, Vietnam ranked as the second-largest source of international students in Korea, with 37,426 students, just after China Currently, over 160,165 foreign students are enrolled in Korean higher education programs, with Vietnamese students representing 23.4% of this total—an increase of 14 times compared to previous years.
2009 (Tạp chí Quản lý nhà nước, 2022)
Currently, several universities in Korea and Vietnam have established mutual recognition of grades, enhancing academic collaboration between the two countries The implementation of double degree programs allows students to study two years in Vietnam and two years in Korea, providing significant advantages for their education and research opportunities This cooperation promotes student mobility, broadens academic horizons, and creates a more flexible, enriching international study experience.
Since establishing diplomatic relations, Vietnam and Korea have prioritized Korean language training, beginning with the Vietnam National University, Hanoi’s (formerly Hanoi University) establishment of the Korean Language Department This initiative has led to the creation of numerous research institutes focused on Korea, including the Center for Korean Studies and the Institute of Northeast Asia at the Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, as well as the Department of Korean Studies at the University of Social Sciences and Humanities in Ho Chi Minh City Additionally, the Center for Korean Studies under the University of Foreign Languages at Vietnam National University, Hanoi has further contributed to Korea-related academic research and cultural exchange in Vietnam.
The above Korean research units all have the same purpose of promoting research activities, introducing the country, human history, economy, politics, culture
This article aims to enhance understanding of Korean society, language, and international relations for the Vietnamese people, while also providing valuable information and scientific insights to inform Vietnam’s foreign policy decisions In Korea, various educational institutions—including Busan University of Foreign Studies, Chung Nam Industrial University, Sung Sim University for Special Education, and Asia Union University—have established Vietnamese language departments, annually enrolling and training 40-80 students to promote cultural exchange and language learning.
Educational cooperation between Vietnam and Korea has been significantly enhanced through scholarship funds and training support, especially from Korea Providing scholarships to Vietnamese students enables them to access world-class educational environments, contributing to the development of a stronger Vietnamese education system Additionally, Korea benefits from promoting its educational brand internationally, strengthening bilateral relations and expanding its global influence.
Regarding scholarships, currently, the Vietnamese Culture and Scholarship Fund of the Korea International Education Development Institute contributes to
Maintaining and developing a strong, friendly relationship between Vietnam and Korea is a key priority for the future The exchange of scholarships plays a vital role in fostering this bond, supported not only by government initiatives and friendly organizations but also by major Korean corporations like Samsung Electronics, Booyoung Construction, and the Lotte Scholarship Fund The GKS scholarship program further reinforces the positive relationship between Korea and ASEAN countries, promoting mutual understanding and collaboration.
KOICA and the Korea Foundation for International Exchange (KF) play vital roles in supporting training initiatives in Vietnam They provide financial assistance to around 2,300 Vietnamese officials across various fields to study in Korea and enhance their qualifications Additionally, each year, KOICA dispatches 6 to 10 volunteer experts—specializing in Korean language and Korean studies—to Vietnamese educational institutions, further promoting educational development and cultural exchange.
KOICA has played a key role in supporting human resource development in Vietnam through various educational projects They assisted in building and equipping the Vietnam-Korea Industrial Technical Vocational College, providing training for lecturers, and advising on training processes to enhance industry-specific skills Additionally, Korea supported the construction of 40 primary schools across Quang Nam, Quang Ngai, Binh Dinh, Phu Yen, and Khanh Hoa provinces, upgraded Hanoi Industrial High School, and established specialized institutions like the Vietnam-Korea Industrial Engineering School and Quy Nhon Electromechanical Engineering School Furthermore, Korea invested in developing digital infrastructure, including a computer network at the University of Social Sciences and Humanities and the Vietnam-Korea Center for Technology Cooperation, fostering stronger educational and technological connections.
With the support and cooperation of the Republic of Korea, Vietnam has made significant progress in human resource development, particularly in cultivating highly skilled personnel These efforts have led to notable successes in strengthening Vietnam’s skilled workforce, further promoting sustainable economic growth and development.
68 human resources, contributing to improving labor productivity and increasing national competitiveness in the new situation
Vietnam-Korea educational cooperation has significantly enhanced the quality of education in Vietnam by supporting the development of university facilities, research institutes, and high schools Korean assistance in building infrastructure and funding technical facilities has played a vital role in elevating Vietnam’s educational standards and promoting academic excellence This partnership continues to foster educational growth and capacity building across Vietnam’s educational sector.
3.1.2 Career challenges for high school students when choosing to study Korean in the current period
High school education primarily focuses on fundamental knowledge, with students, teachers, and school management dedicating most of their time to this core curriculum and exam preparations As the final stage of general education, high schools play a crucial role in laying the foundation for students' future academic and career paths In the context of global integration, the decision to learn a foreign language has become increasingly important for students and parents, as it significantly influences future opportunities such as career choices and studying abroad.
The limited duration and prioritization of Korean as a secondary foreign language in Vietnamese high schools pose significant challenges for developing effective Korean language and intercultural communication skills among students Due to existing disparities in high school distribution and the broad range of competing foreign languages, it is difficult to allocate sufficient dedicated time for comprehensive Korean language and cultural education As a result, students may have limited exposure to Korean culture, hindering their ability to achieve meaningful intercultural communication The current educational environment makes it challenging to provide immersive Korean cultural lessons, which are essential for fostering true understanding and proficiency.
Korean language learning program at the university level, but can only be integrated into the language lessons
To achieve the above goals and quality requirements of Korean language teaching and learning in high schools, we will have to face great challenges:
Effective Korean language education at the high school level requires well-structured teaching programs and textbooks that address diverse learning goals, ensuring students develop strong language skills and cultural understanding To achieve this, qualified and passionate teachers are essential; however, current conditions often fall short of these standards, hindering the quality of language instruction and cultural integration.
The development of Korean language education in general education aims to cultivate proficient Korean-speaking human resources, addressing the urgent needs of economic investment, social exchange, and labor export However, despite its importance, this priority has not received adequate recognition over the past two decades, highlighting the need for focused efforts to advance Korean language development for broader societal and economic benefits.