o Explanation: The passage highlights the importance of biodiversity and the threats it faces due to human activities.. o Explanation: The passage states that coral reefs support approxi
Trang 1ĐỀ CƯƠNG ÔN TẬP TIẾNG ANH 11 HỌC KỲ II NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 (PHẦN 2)
BÀI ĐỌC HIỂU 8 CÂU
Task 1: Child Food Poverty (adapted from UNICEF's report on child food poverty).
Child food poverty refers to the inability of children to access and consume a nutritious and diverse diet during their early
years This deprivation is particularly damaging in early childhood, as inadequate intake of essential nutrients can severely impact
survival, physical growth, and cognitive development Consequently, affected children may face lifelong challenges, perpetuatingcycles of poverty and deprivation
Several factors contribute to child food poverty, including economic hardships, conflicts, and climate-related shocks These elements can disrupt food production and distribution, making nutritious food scarce or unaffordable for many families For
instance, regions experiencing prolonged droughts or floods often see significant declines in agricultural output, directly affectingfood availability
Addressing child food poverty requires a multifaceted approach Implementing social protection programs, such as foodassistance and cash transfers, can help vulnerable families meet their children's nutritional needs Additionally, investing in
sustainable agricultural practices and strengthening food systems can enhance food security and resilience against climate-induced
disruptions
In conclusion, combating child food poverty is essential for ensuring children's well-being and breaking the cycle of poverty By addressing the underlying causes and implementing targeted interventions, societies can create an environment where
all children have access to the nutrition they need to thrive
1 According to the passage, what is true about child food poverty?
A) It mainly affects adolescents B) It has minimal impact on cognitive development
C) It can perpetuate cycles of poverty and deprivation D) It is solely caused by economic hardships
2 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to child food poverty?
A) Economic hardships B) Conflicts C) Urbanization D) Climate-related shocks
3 The word "deprivation" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to:
4 The word "enhance" in paragraph 3 is opposite in meaning to:
5 In paragraph 2, what does "these elements" refer to?
A) Nutritious food B) Economic hardships, conflicts, and climate-related shocksC) Food production and distribution D) Agricultural output
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 4?
A) Addressing child food poverty is crucial for children's well-being and breaking the poverty cycle
B) Child food poverty has no significant effect on children's well-being
C) Combating child food poverty is unnecessary for societal development
D) Children's well-being is unrelated to food security
7 In which paragraph is the impact of climate-related shocks on food availability discussed?
8 Which paragraph explains strategies to address child food poverty?
Answers and Explanations:
1 C) It can perpetuate cycles of poverty and deprivation.
o Explanation: The passage states that inadequate nutrition in early childhood can lead to lifelong challenges,
perpetuating cycles of poverty and deprivation.
2 C) Urbanization
o Explanation: The passage mentions economic hardships, conflicts, and climate-related shocks as factors
contributing to child food poverty but does not mention urbanization.
5 B) Economic hardships, conflicts, and climate-related shocks
o Explanation: In paragraph 2, "these elements" refers to the factors previously mentioned: economic hardships,
conflicts, and climate-related shocks.
6 A) Addressing child food poverty is crucial for children's well-being and breaking the poverty cycle.
Trang 2o Explanation: The underlined sentence emphasizes the importance of combating child food poverty for children's
well-being and breaking the cycle of poverty, which is best paraphrased by option A.
7 B) Paragraph 2
o Explanation: Paragraph 2 discusses how climate-related shocks, such as droughts and floods, can disrupt food
production and availability.
8 C) Paragraph 3
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 outlines strategies to address child food poverty, including social protection programs
and sustainable agricultural practices.
Task 2: The Impact of Social Media on Teen Mental Health
Recent studies have highlighted the complex relationship between social media usage and adolescent mental health Whilethese platforms offer opportunities for connection and self-expression, excessive use has been linked to negative outcomes Researchindicates that teenagers spending more than three hours daily on social media are at a higher risk of experiencing symptoms ofdepression and anxiety
One contributing factor is the tendency for teens to engage in social comparison, often measuring their lives against the
curated portrayals they see online This behavior can lead to diminished self-esteem and increased feelings of inadequacy.
Additionally, the blue light emitted from screens can disrupt sleep patterns, further impacting emotional well-being
However, it's important to recognize that not all social media interactions are detrimental When used mindfully, these platforms can provide avenues for positive social interaction and support Educational initiatives promoting digital literacy and
self-awareness are essential in helping teenagers navigate the complexities of online engagement
In conclusion, while social media presents certain risks to teen mental health, balanced and informed usage can mitigate
negative effects Encouraging open conversations and setting healthy boundaries are crucial steps in fostering a safer onlineenvironment for adolescents
1 According to the passage, what is true about social media's impact on teenagers?
A) It has no effect on teen mental health B) Excessive use can contribute to anxiety and depression
C) All social media interactions are harmful D) Teens are unaffected by online comparisons
2 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a potential negative effect of excessive social media use on teens?
A) Diminished self-esteem B) Disrupted sleep patterns
C) Increased physical activity D) Feelings of inadequacy
3 The word "diminished" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to:
4 The word "mitigate" in paragraph 4 is opposite in meaning to:
5 In paragraph 2, what does "this behavior" refer to?
A) Spending more than three hours daily on social media B) Engaging in social comparison
C) Experiencing symptoms of depression and anxiety D) Disrupted sleep patterns
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
A) All social media interactions are harmful to teenagers B) Mindful use of social media can lead to positive outcomes.C) Teenagers should avoid social media entirely D) There is no way to use social media positively
7 In which paragraph is the impact of screen time on sleep patterns discussed?
A) Paragraph 1 B) Paragraph 2 C) Paragraph 3 D) Paragraph 4
8 Which paragraph discusses strategies to address the negative effects of social media on teens?
A) Paragraph 1 B) Paragraph 2 C) Paragraph 3 D) Paragraph 4
Answers and Explanations:
1 B) Excessive use can contribute to anxiety and depression.
o Explanation: The passage states that teenagers spending more than three hours daily on social media are at a higher
risk of experiencing symptoms of depression and anxiety.
2 C) Increased physical activity
o Explanation: The passage mentions diminished self-esteem, disrupted sleep patterns, and feelings of inadequacy
as potential negative effects but does not mention increased physical activity.
Trang 3o Explanation: In paragraph 2, "this behavior" refers to the tendency for teens to engage in social comparison, as
mentioned in the preceding sentence.
6 B) Mindful use of social media can lead to positive outcomes.
o Explanation: The underlined sentence emphasizes that not all social media interactions are harmful and that
mindful use can be beneficial, aligning with option B.
7 B) Paragraph 2
o Explanation: Paragraph 2 discusses how the blue light emitted from screens can disrupt sleep patterns, impacting
emotional well-being.
8 C) Paragraph 3
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 outlines strategies such as promoting digital literacy and self-awareness to help
teenagers navigate online engagement.
Task 3: The Rise of Homelessness in Urban Areas
Homelessness has become an increasingly pressing issue in many urban areas worldwide Economic downturns, lack of
affordable housing, and unemployment contribute significantly to the growing number of individuals without stable shelter In citieslike San Francisco and New York, the visible rise in homelessness has sparked debates on effective intervention strategies
One major factor is the shortage of affordable housing As property prices soar, low-income families find it challenging to secure adequate accommodation This situation often forces them into temporary shelters or onto the streets Additionally,
unemployment or underemployment leaves many unable to afford basic necessities, including housing
Addressing homelessness requires a multifaceted approach Governments and non-profit organizations are working to
provide immediate relief through shelters and food programs However, long-term solutions involve creating affordable housing,offering job training programs, and providing mental health services to address underlying issues
In conclusion, while immediate assistance is crucial, sustainable solutions focusing on affordable housing and employmentopportunities are essential to reduce homelessness in urban areas
Questions:
1 According to the passage, what is true about the rise of homelessness in urban areas?
A) It is solely due to personal choices B) Economic factors play a significant role
C) It is decreasing in cities like San Francisco D) Only non-profit organizations are addressing the issue
2 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a factor contributing to homelessness?
A) Lack of affordable housing B) Unemployment C) Mental health issues D) Economic downturns
3 The word "pressing" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to:
4 The word "soar" in paragraph 2 is opposite in meaning to:
5 In paragraph 2, what does "them" refer to?
A) Property prices B) Low-income families C) Temporary shelters D) Basic necessities
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
A) Addressing homelessness requires simple solutions B) A single approach can solve homelessness
C) Multiple strategies are needed to tackle homelessness D) Homelessness cannot be addressed effectively
7 In which paragraph is the role of unemployment in homelessness discussed?
8 Which paragraph discusses long-term solutions to homelessness?
Answers and Explanations:
1 B) Economic factors play a significant role.
o Explanation: The passage mentions economic downturns, lack of affordable housing, and unemployment as
significant contributors to homelessness.
2 C) Mental health issues
o Explanation: While mental health services are mentioned as part of the solution, mental health issues are not listed
as a contributing factor in the passage.
Trang 43 The word "obtain" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to:
4 The word "inefficiency" in paragraph 4 is opposite in meaning to:
A) Effectiveness B) Wastefulness C) Productivity D) Laziness
5 In paragraph 2, what does the pronoun "this" in "This transfer of energy continues through various trophic levels " refer to?
A) Photosynthesis B) Feeding relationships among organisms
C) Decomposition of waste products D) Loss of energy as heat
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
A) Decomposers create energy from sunlight B) Decomposers consume living producers
C) Decomposers help recycle nutrients by decomposing organic matter D) Decomposers prevent energy loss in ecosystems
7 Where would the following sentence best fit in paragraph 3? "Without decomposers, ecosystems would accumulate waste and dead matter."
8 Which sentence best summarizes paragraph 2?
A) Consumers rely on producers for energy, but energy transfer is inefficient
B) All organisms produce their own energy through photosynthesis
C) Energy transfer between organisms is always efficient
D) Producers feed on consumers to obtain energy
9 What can be inferred from the text?
A) Ecosystems can support unlimited trophic levels B) Energy loss limits the number of trophic levels in an ecosystem.C) Decomposers are not essential in nutrient cycling D) Consumers are more abundant than producers in ecosystems
10 What is the main idea of the passage?
A) The role of sunlight in ecosystems B) The process of photosynthesis in producers
C) The flow of energy and nutrients through ecosystems D) The feeding habits of carnivores and herbivores
Answers and Explanations:
1 C) Decomposers release nutrients back into the environment.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 states that decomposers break down dead organisms, releasing nutrients back into the
environment.
2 C) All energy is efficiently transferred between trophic levels.
o Explanation: Paragraph 4 mentions that energy transfer efficiency is typically low, around 10%.
3 B) Acquire
o Explanation: "Obtain" means to acquire or get something.
4 A) Effectiveness
o Explanation: "Inefficiency" refers to a lack of efficiency; its opposite is "effectiveness."
5 B) Feeding relationships among organisms
o Explanation: The "transfer of energy" refers to how energy moves through the food chain via feeding
relationships.
6 C) Decomposers help recycle nutrients by decomposing organic matter.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 explains that decomposers break down dead organisms, releasing nutrients back into the
environment.
7 B) [II].
o Explanation: Placing the sentence after the first emphasizes the importance of decomposers in preventing waste
accumulation.
8 A) Consumers rely on producers for energy, but energy transfer is inefficient.
o Explanation: Paragraph 2 discusses how consumers obtain energy from producers and notes the inefficiency of
energy transfer.
9 B) Energy loss limits the number of trophic levels in an ecosystem.
o Explanation: Paragraph 4 explains that due to energy loss, ecosystems have limited trophic levels.
10 C) The flow of energy and nutrients through ecosystems.
o Explanation: The passage focuses on how energy and nutrients move through different components of ecosystems.
Trang 56 C) Multiple strategies are needed to tackle homelessness.
o Explanation: The underlined sentence emphasizes the need for a multifaceted approach, indicating multiple
strategies are necessary.
7 B) Paragraph 2
o Explanation: Paragraph 2 discusses how unemployment or underemployment leaves many unable to afford basic
necessities, including housing.
8 C) Paragraph 3
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 outlines long-term solutions such as creating affordable housing, offering job training
programs, and providing mental health services.
BÀI ĐỌC 10 CÂU:
Task 2: The Wonders of Biodiversity
In the heart of the rainforest, a vibrant tapestry of life unfolds This diverse array of plants, animals, and microorganisms is
what we call biodiversity Biodiversity, a term derived from ‘biological diversity’, describes the variety of life on Earth
Biodiversity is not limited to rainforests; it can be found in every environment, from the hottest deserts to the coldest polarregions It includes every organism, from the smallest bacteria living in the soil to the largest mammal walking on Earth
Biodiversity is essential for a healthy planet It helps ecosystems function properly For instance, every plant has a role in the cycle of life They produce oxygen, which we and other animals need to breathe Animals contribute as well Bees, for example,
help pollinate plants, leading to the growth of fruits and seeds
[I] In addition to supporting life, biodiversity also provides practical benefits to humans [II] Many medicines are derived from plant and animal species [III] We also rely on biodiversity for food, from different types of crops to varieties of fish and other seafood [IV]
However, biodiversity is under threat due to human activities Deforestation, pollution, climate change, and overfishing are
causing species to disappear at an alarming rate This loss of biodiversity can have serious consequences For example, if a type of
bee becomes extinct, the plants they pollinate may also die off, leading to a ripple effect throughout the ecosystem
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Biodiversity exists only in rainforests B) Biodiversity includes all forms of life on Earth
C) Only large animals are part of biodiversity D) Biodiversity is not important for ecosystems
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Biodiversity helps ecosystems function properly B) Human activities have no impact on biodiversity
C) Bees play a role in plant pollination D) Biodiversity provides practical benefits to humans
3 The word "tapestry" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to:
A) Painting B) Fabric C) Complex and rich combination D) Simple pattern
4 The word "alarming" in paragraph 5 is opposite in meaning to:
5 In paragraph 3, what does the word"they" refer to?
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
A) Biodiversity is not necessary for Earth's health B) A healthy planet does not depend on biodiversity
C) Biodiversity is crucial for maintaining Earth's health D) Earth's health is unrelated to biodiversity
7 Where would the following sentence best fit in paragraph 4? "These resources are vital for human survival."
8 Which sentence best summarizes paragraph 3?
A) Plants and animals are independent of each other B) Biodiversity has no effect on oxygen production.C) Biodiversity supports ecosystem functions and life cycles D) Bees are the only important pollinators
9 What can be inferred from the text?
A) Human activities have no effect on biodiversity B) Loss of biodiversity can disrupt ecosystems
C) Biodiversity is only important for animals D) All species are safe from extinction
10 What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Biodiversity is limited to certain environments
B) Human activities have improved biodiversity
C) Biodiversity is vital for ecosystems and human well-being, but it's under threat
D) Only large animals contribute to biodiversity
Answers and Explanations:
1 B) Biodiversity includes all forms of life on Earth.
Trang 6o Explanation: The text defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including all organisms from bacteria to
mammals
2 B) Human activities have no impact on biodiversity.
o Explanation: The text states that human activities like deforestation and pollution are causing species to disappear.
3 C) Complex and rich combination
o Explanation: "Tapestry" is used metaphorically to describe the complex and rich variety of life in the rainforest.
4 B) Calm
o Explanation: "Alarming" means causing concern or worry; its opposite is "calm."
5 C) Plants
o Explanation: The sentence discusses plants producing oxygen.
6 C) Biodiversity is crucial for maintaining Earth's health.
o Explanation: The original sentence emphasizes the importance of biodiversity for a healthy planet.
7 B) [II].
o Explanation: Placing the sentence after introducing the practical benefits to humans emphasizes their
importance.
8 C) Biodiversity supports ecosystem functions and life cycles.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 discusses how biodiversity helps ecosystems function properly.
9 B) Loss of biodiversity can disrupt ecosystems.
o Explanation: The text explains that the extinction of species like bees can lead to a ripple effect in ecosystems.
10 C) Biodiversity is vital for ecosystems and human well-being, but it's under threat.
o Explanation: The passage highlights the importance of biodiversity and the threats it faces due to human activities.
Task 3: The Role of Wetlands in Ecosystems
Wetlands are unique ecosystems found in areas where water covers the soil or is present near the surface for varying periods.These environments include marshes, swamps, bogs, and similar areas Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems,
supporting a diverse range of plant and animal life.
One of the primary functions of wetlands is water purification As water flows through a wetland, plants and soil act as
natural filters, trapping pollutants and sediments This process improves water quality before it reaches rivers, lakes, or oceans.
[I] Wetlands also play a crucial role in flood control [II] They absorb excess rainfall, reducing the risk of floods in nearby areas [III] Additionally, wetlands store carbon within plant communities and soil, helping to regulate greenhouse gases and mitigate climate change [IV]
Despite their importance, wetlands are under threat from human activities Drainage for agriculture, urban development,and pollution have led to significant wetland loss worldwide Protecting and restoring wetlands is essential for maintainingbiodiversity and the health of our planet
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Wetlands are only found in tropical regions B) Wetlands are unproductive ecosystems
C) Wetlands help in improving water quality D) Wetlands have no role in climate regulation
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Wetlands support diverse plant and animal life B) Wetlands contribute to flood control
C) Wetlands are unaffected by human activities D) Wetlands store carbon, aiding in climate change mitigation
3 The word "mitigate" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to:
4 The word "diverse" in paragraph 1 is opposite in meaning to:
5 In paragraph 2, what does the word"this" refer to?
A) Flowing water B) Plant growth C) Natural filtration by plants and soil D) Pollution
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the sentence: "Wetlands also play a crucial role in flood control"?
A) Wetlands cause flooding in nearby areas B) Wetlands have no impact on floods
C) Wetlands help prevent flooding by absorbing excess water D) Wetlands are unaffected by rainfall
7 Where would the following sentence best fit in paragraph 3? "They act as natural sponges, soaking up and storing excess water."
8 Which sentence best summarizes paragraph 2?
A) Wetlands are sources of pollution B) Wetlands filter water, improving its quality before it reaches larger bodies.C) Wetlands have no effect on water quality D) Wetlands are dry areas with little water
9 What can be inferred from the text?
A) Wetlands are not important for the environment B) Human activities have no impact on wetlands
Trang 77 Where would the following sentence best fit in paragraph 2? "This makes them crucial for the survival of many coastal communities."
8 Which sentence best summarizes paragraph 3?
A) Coral reefs are not affected by pollution B) Human activities pose serious threats to coral reefs
C) Coral reefs are expanding due to climate change D) Pollution has no impact on marine ecosystems
9 What can be inferred from the text?
A) Coral reefs are not important to marine life B) Protecting coral reefs requires global cooperation
C) Coral reefs can survive without human intervention D) Climate change benefits coral ecosystems
10 What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Coral reefs are declining and have no benefits B) Coral reefs are unimportant to humans
C) Coral reefs are vital ecosystems facing significant threats D) Coral reefs are only valuable for tourism
Answers and Explanations:
1 C) Coral reefs support a significant portion of marine species.
o Explanation: The passage states that coral reefs support approximately 25% of all marine species.
2 C) Coral reefs are only found in cold ocean waters.
o Explanation: The passage mentions that coral reefs are found in warm, shallow ocean waters.
o Explanation: The pronoun "they" refers to coral reefs providing habitat for marine life.
6 C) Human actions are endangering coral reef ecosystems.
o Explanation: The sentence indicates that human activities are threatening coral reefs.
7 D) [IV].
o Explanation: Placing the sentence after discussing the economic benefits emphasizes their importance to coastal
communities.
8 B) Human activities pose serious threats to coral reefs.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 discusses how climate change and pollution threaten coral reefs.
9 B) Protecting coral reefs requires global cooperation.
o Explanation: The passage mentions global efforts to protect and restore coral reefs.
10 C) Coral reefs are vital ecosystems facing significant threats.
o Explanation: The passage highlights the importance of coral reefs and the threats they face.
Task 5: Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Ecosystems function through the transfer of energy and nutrients among organisms and their environment Energy enters anecosystem primarily through sunlight, which is captured by producers—organisms like plants and algae—via photosynthesis Theseproducers convert solar energy into chemical energy stored in organic compounds
Consumers, such as herbivores and carnivores, obtain energy by feeding on other organisms Herbivores consume
producers, while carnivores feed on other consumers This transfer of energy continues through various trophic levels, forming afood chain However, not all energy is efficiently transferred; with each step, a significant portion is lost as heat due to metabolicprocesses
[I] Decomposers, including bacteria and fungi, play a crucial role by breaking down dead organisms and waste products [II] This process releases nutrients back into the environment, making them available for producers once again [III] Thus, decomposers ensure the continuity of nutrient cycles within the ecosystem [IV]
The efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels is typically low, often around 10% This inefficiency limits the
number of trophic levels in an ecosystem, as there is insufficient energy to support a large number of successive consumers.Consequently, ecosystems tend to have more producers than top-level consumers
Questions:
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Energy enters ecosystems through consumers B) Producers convert chemical energy into sunlight
C) Decomposers release nutrients back into the environment D) Energy transfer between trophic levels is 100% efficient
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Herbivores feed on producers B) Carnivores consume other consumers
C) All energy is efficiently transferred between trophic levels D) Decomposers break down dead organisms
Trang 87 Where would the following sentence best fit in paragraph 2? "This makes them crucial for the survival of many coastal communities."
8 Which sentence best summarizes paragraph 3?
A) Coral reefs are not affected by pollution B) Human activities pose serious threats to coral reefs
C) Coral reefs are expanding due to climate change D) Pollution has no impact on marine ecosystems
9 What can be inferred from the text?
A) Coral reefs are not important to marine life B) Protecting coral reefs requires global cooperation
C) Coral reefs can survive without human intervention D) Climate change benefits coral ecosystems
10 What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Coral reefs are declining and have no benefits B) Coral reefs are unimportant to humans
C) Coral reefs are vital ecosystems facing significant threats D) Coral reefs are only valuable for tourism
Answers and Explanations:
1 C) Coral reefs support a significant portion of marine species.
o Explanation: The passage states that coral reefs support approximately 25% of all marine species.
2 C) Coral reefs are only found in cold ocean waters.
o Explanation: The passage mentions that coral reefs are found in warm, shallow ocean waters.
o Explanation: The pronoun "they" refers to coral reefs providing habitat for marine life.
6 C) Human actions are endangering coral reef ecosystems.
o Explanation: The sentence indicates that human activities are threatening coral reefs.
7 D) [IV].
o Explanation: Placing the sentence after discussing the economic benefits emphasizes their importance to coastal
communities.
8 B) Human activities pose serious threats to coral reefs.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 discusses how climate change and pollution threaten coral reefs.
9 B) Protecting coral reefs requires global cooperation.
o Explanation: The passage mentions global efforts to protect and restore coral reefs.
10 C) Coral reefs are vital ecosystems facing significant threats.
o Explanation: The passage highlights the importance of coral reefs and the threats they face.
Task 5: Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Ecosystems function through the transfer of energy and nutrients among organisms and their environment Energy enters anecosystem primarily through sunlight, which is captured by producers—organisms like plants and algae—via photosynthesis Theseproducers convert solar energy into chemical energy stored in organic compounds
Consumers, such as herbivores and carnivores, obtain energy by feeding on other organisms Herbivores consume
producers, while carnivores feed on other consumers This transfer of energy continues through various trophic levels, forming afood chain However, not all energy is efficiently transferred; with each step, a significant portion is lost as heat due to metabolicprocesses
[I] Decomposers, including bacteria and fungi, play a crucial role by breaking down dead organisms and waste products [II] This process releases nutrients back into the environment, making them available for producers once again [III] Thus, decomposers ensure the continuity of nutrient cycles within the ecosystem [IV]
The efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels is typically low, often around 10% This inefficiency limits the
number of trophic levels in an ecosystem, as there is insufficient energy to support a large number of successive consumers.Consequently, ecosystems tend to have more producers than top-level consumers
Questions:
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Energy enters ecosystems through consumers B) Producers convert chemical energy into sunlight
C) Decomposers release nutrients back into the environment D) Energy transfer between trophic levels is 100% efficient
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Herbivores feed on producers B) Carnivores consume other consumers
C) All energy is efficiently transferred between trophic levels D) Decomposers break down dead organisms
Trang 93 The word "obtain" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to:
4 The word "inefficiency" in paragraph 4 is opposite in meaning to:
A) Effectiveness B) Wastefulness C) Productivity D) Laziness
5 In paragraph 2, what does the pronoun "this" in "This transfer of energy continues through various trophic levels " refer to?
A) Photosynthesis B) Feeding relationships among organisms
C) Decomposition of waste products D) Loss of energy as heat
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
A) Decomposers create energy from sunlight B) Decomposers consume living producers
C) Decomposers help recycle nutrients by decomposing organic matter D) Decomposers prevent energy loss in ecosystems
7 Where would the following sentence best fit in paragraph 3? "Without decomposers, ecosystems would accumulate waste and dead matter."
8 Which sentence best summarizes paragraph 2?
A) Consumers rely on producers for energy, but energy transfer is inefficient
B) All organisms produce their own energy through photosynthesis
C) Energy transfer between organisms is always efficient
D) Producers feed on consumers to obtain energy
9 What can be inferred from the text?
A) Ecosystems can support unlimited trophic levels B) Energy loss limits the number of trophic levels in an ecosystem.C) Decomposers are not essential in nutrient cycling D) Consumers are more abundant than producers in ecosystems
10 What is the main idea of the passage?
A) The role of sunlight in ecosystems B) The process of photosynthesis in producers
C) The flow of energy and nutrients through ecosystems D) The feeding habits of carnivores and herbivores
Answers and Explanations:
1 C) Decomposers release nutrients back into the environment.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 states that decomposers break down dead organisms, releasing nutrients back into the
environment.
2 C) All energy is efficiently transferred between trophic levels.
o Explanation: Paragraph 4 mentions that energy transfer efficiency is typically low, around 10%.
3 B) Acquire
o Explanation: "Obtain" means to acquire or get something.
4 A) Effectiveness
o Explanation: "Inefficiency" refers to a lack of efficiency; its opposite is "effectiveness."
5 B) Feeding relationships among organisms
o Explanation: The "transfer of energy" refers to how energy moves through the food chain via feeding
relationships.
6 C) Decomposers help recycle nutrients by decomposing organic matter.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 explains that decomposers break down dead organisms, releasing nutrients back into the
environment.
7 B) [II].
o Explanation: Placing the sentence after the first emphasizes the importance of decomposers in preventing waste
accumulation.
8 A) Consumers rely on producers for energy, but energy transfer is inefficient.
o Explanation: Paragraph 2 discusses how consumers obtain energy from producers and notes the inefficiency of
energy transfer.
9 B) Energy loss limits the number of trophic levels in an ecosystem.
o Explanation: Paragraph 4 explains that due to energy loss, ecosystems have limited trophic levels.
10 C) The flow of energy and nutrients through ecosystems.
o Explanation: The passage focuses on how energy and nutrients move through different components of ecosystems.
Trang 103 The word "obtain" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to:
4 The word "inefficiency" in paragraph 4 is opposite in meaning to:
A) Effectiveness B) Wastefulness C) Productivity D) Laziness
5 In paragraph 2, what does the pronoun "this" in "This transfer of energy continues through various trophic levels " refer to?
A) Photosynthesis B) Feeding relationships among organisms
C) Decomposition of waste products D) Loss of energy as heat
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
A) Decomposers create energy from sunlight B) Decomposers consume living producers
C) Decomposers help recycle nutrients by decomposing organic matter D) Decomposers prevent energy loss in ecosystems
7 Where would the following sentence best fit in paragraph 3? "Without decomposers, ecosystems would accumulate waste and dead matter."
8 Which sentence best summarizes paragraph 2?
A) Consumers rely on producers for energy, but energy transfer is inefficient
B) All organisms produce their own energy through photosynthesis
C) Energy transfer between organisms is always efficient
D) Producers feed on consumers to obtain energy
9 What can be inferred from the text?
A) Ecosystems can support unlimited trophic levels B) Energy loss limits the number of trophic levels in an ecosystem.C) Decomposers are not essential in nutrient cycling D) Consumers are more abundant than producers in ecosystems
10 What is the main idea of the passage?
A) The role of sunlight in ecosystems B) The process of photosynthesis in producers
C) The flow of energy and nutrients through ecosystems D) The feeding habits of carnivores and herbivores
Answers and Explanations:
1 C) Decomposers release nutrients back into the environment.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 states that decomposers break down dead organisms, releasing nutrients back into the
environment.
2 C) All energy is efficiently transferred between trophic levels.
o Explanation: Paragraph 4 mentions that energy transfer efficiency is typically low, around 10%.
3 B) Acquire
o Explanation: "Obtain" means to acquire or get something.
4 A) Effectiveness
o Explanation: "Inefficiency" refers to a lack of efficiency; its opposite is "effectiveness."
5 B) Feeding relationships among organisms
o Explanation: The "transfer of energy" refers to how energy moves through the food chain via feeding
relationships.
6 C) Decomposers help recycle nutrients by decomposing organic matter.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 explains that decomposers break down dead organisms, releasing nutrients back into the
environment.
7 B) [II].
o Explanation: Placing the sentence after the first emphasizes the importance of decomposers in preventing waste
accumulation.
8 A) Consumers rely on producers for energy, but energy transfer is inefficient.
o Explanation: Paragraph 2 discusses how consumers obtain energy from producers and notes the inefficiency of
energy transfer.
9 B) Energy loss limits the number of trophic levels in an ecosystem.
o Explanation: Paragraph 4 explains that due to energy loss, ecosystems have limited trophic levels.
10 C) The flow of energy and nutrients through ecosystems.
o Explanation: The passage focuses on how energy and nutrients move through different components of ecosystems.
Trang 117 Where would the following sentence best fit in paragraph 2? "This makes them crucial for the survival of many coastal communities."
8 Which sentence best summarizes paragraph 3?
A) Coral reefs are not affected by pollution B) Human activities pose serious threats to coral reefs
C) Coral reefs are expanding due to climate change D) Pollution has no impact on marine ecosystems
9 What can be inferred from the text?
A) Coral reefs are not important to marine life B) Protecting coral reefs requires global cooperation
C) Coral reefs can survive without human intervention D) Climate change benefits coral ecosystems
10 What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Coral reefs are declining and have no benefits B) Coral reefs are unimportant to humans
C) Coral reefs are vital ecosystems facing significant threats D) Coral reefs are only valuable for tourism
Answers and Explanations:
1 C) Coral reefs support a significant portion of marine species.
o Explanation: The passage states that coral reefs support approximately 25% of all marine species.
2 C) Coral reefs are only found in cold ocean waters.
o Explanation: The passage mentions that coral reefs are found in warm, shallow ocean waters.
o Explanation: The pronoun "they" refers to coral reefs providing habitat for marine life.
6 C) Human actions are endangering coral reef ecosystems.
o Explanation: The sentence indicates that human activities are threatening coral reefs.
7 D) [IV].
o Explanation: Placing the sentence after discussing the economic benefits emphasizes their importance to coastal
communities.
8 B) Human activities pose serious threats to coral reefs.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 discusses how climate change and pollution threaten coral reefs.
9 B) Protecting coral reefs requires global cooperation.
o Explanation: The passage mentions global efforts to protect and restore coral reefs.
10 C) Coral reefs are vital ecosystems facing significant threats.
o Explanation: The passage highlights the importance of coral reefs and the threats they face.
Task 5: Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Ecosystems function through the transfer of energy and nutrients among organisms and their environment Energy enters anecosystem primarily through sunlight, which is captured by producers—organisms like plants and algae—via photosynthesis Theseproducers convert solar energy into chemical energy stored in organic compounds
Consumers, such as herbivores and carnivores, obtain energy by feeding on other organisms Herbivores consume
producers, while carnivores feed on other consumers This transfer of energy continues through various trophic levels, forming afood chain However, not all energy is efficiently transferred; with each step, a significant portion is lost as heat due to metabolicprocesses
[I] Decomposers, including bacteria and fungi, play a crucial role by breaking down dead organisms and waste products [II] This process releases nutrients back into the environment, making them available for producers once again [III] Thus, decomposers ensure the continuity of nutrient cycles within the ecosystem [IV]
The efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels is typically low, often around 10% This inefficiency limits the
number of trophic levels in an ecosystem, as there is insufficient energy to support a large number of successive consumers.Consequently, ecosystems tend to have more producers than top-level consumers
Questions:
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Energy enters ecosystems through consumers B) Producers convert chemical energy into sunlight
C) Decomposers release nutrients back into the environment D) Energy transfer between trophic levels is 100% efficient
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Herbivores feed on producers B) Carnivores consume other consumers
C) All energy is efficiently transferred between trophic levels D) Decomposers break down dead organisms
Trang 127 Where would the following sentence best fit in paragraph 2? "This makes them crucial for the survival of many coastal communities."
8 Which sentence best summarizes paragraph 3?
A) Coral reefs are not affected by pollution B) Human activities pose serious threats to coral reefs
C) Coral reefs are expanding due to climate change D) Pollution has no impact on marine ecosystems
9 What can be inferred from the text?
A) Coral reefs are not important to marine life B) Protecting coral reefs requires global cooperation
C) Coral reefs can survive without human intervention D) Climate change benefits coral ecosystems
10 What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Coral reefs are declining and have no benefits B) Coral reefs are unimportant to humans
C) Coral reefs are vital ecosystems facing significant threats D) Coral reefs are only valuable for tourism
Answers and Explanations:
1 C) Coral reefs support a significant portion of marine species.
o Explanation: The passage states that coral reefs support approximately 25% of all marine species.
2 C) Coral reefs are only found in cold ocean waters.
o Explanation: The passage mentions that coral reefs are found in warm, shallow ocean waters.
o Explanation: The pronoun "they" refers to coral reefs providing habitat for marine life.
6 C) Human actions are endangering coral reef ecosystems.
o Explanation: The sentence indicates that human activities are threatening coral reefs.
7 D) [IV].
o Explanation: Placing the sentence after discussing the economic benefits emphasizes their importance to coastal
communities.
8 B) Human activities pose serious threats to coral reefs.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 discusses how climate change and pollution threaten coral reefs.
9 B) Protecting coral reefs requires global cooperation.
o Explanation: The passage mentions global efforts to protect and restore coral reefs.
10 C) Coral reefs are vital ecosystems facing significant threats.
o Explanation: The passage highlights the importance of coral reefs and the threats they face.
Task 5: Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Ecosystems function through the transfer of energy and nutrients among organisms and their environment Energy enters anecosystem primarily through sunlight, which is captured by producers—organisms like plants and algae—via photosynthesis Theseproducers convert solar energy into chemical energy stored in organic compounds
Consumers, such as herbivores and carnivores, obtain energy by feeding on other organisms Herbivores consume
producers, while carnivores feed on other consumers This transfer of energy continues through various trophic levels, forming afood chain However, not all energy is efficiently transferred; with each step, a significant portion is lost as heat due to metabolicprocesses
[I] Decomposers, including bacteria and fungi, play a crucial role by breaking down dead organisms and waste products [II] This process releases nutrients back into the environment, making them available for producers once again [III] Thus, decomposers ensure the continuity of nutrient cycles within the ecosystem [IV]
The efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels is typically low, often around 10% This inefficiency limits the
number of trophic levels in an ecosystem, as there is insufficient energy to support a large number of successive consumers.Consequently, ecosystems tend to have more producers than top-level consumers
Questions:
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Energy enters ecosystems through consumers B) Producers convert chemical energy into sunlight
C) Decomposers release nutrients back into the environment D) Energy transfer between trophic levels is 100% efficient
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Herbivores feed on producers B) Carnivores consume other consumers
C) All energy is efficiently transferred between trophic levels D) Decomposers break down dead organisms
Trang 13C) Protecting wetlands is vital for environmental health D) Wetlands are increasing in number worldwide.
10 What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Wetlands are unimportant ecosystems
B) Wetlands are being destroyed for urban development
C) Wetlands provide essential ecological services and need protection
D) Wetlands are only found in certain parts of the world
Answers and Explanations:
1 C) Wetlands help in improving water quality.
o Explanation: Paragraph 2 explains that wetlands act as natural filters, improving water quality.
2 C) Wetlands are unaffected by human activities.
o Explanation: Paragraph 4 states that human activities threaten wetlands, leading to their loss.
3 C) Alleviate
o Explanation: "Mitigate" means to make something less severe; "alleviate" is a synonym.
4 B) Similar
o Explanation: "Diverse" means varied; its opposite is "similar."
5 C) Natural filtration by plants and soil
o Explanation: The process refers to plants and soil filtering pollutants and sediments.
6 C) Wetlands help prevent flooding by absorbing excess water.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 discusses wetlands absorbing rainfall, reducing flood risk.
7 B) [II].
o Explanation: Inserting the sentence after the first provides a detailed explanation of how wetlands control floods.
8 B) Wetlands filter water, improving its quality before it reaches larger bodies.
o Explanation: Paragraph 2 focuses on the role of wetlands in water purification.
9 C) Protecting wetlands is vital for environmental health.
o Explanation: The passage emphasizes the importance of wetlands and the need to protect them.
10 C) Wetlands provide essential ecological services and need protection.
o Explanation: The passage highlights the functions of wetlands and the threats they face, underscoring the need for
their conservation
Task 4: The Importance of Coral Reefs
Coral reefs are among the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on Earth Found in warm, shallow ocean waters, they
provide habitat for a vast array of marine life Despite covering less than 1% of the ocean floor, coral reefs support approximately25% of all marine species
[I] These ecosystems offer numerous benefits to humans [II] They protect coastlines from erosion by absorbing wave energy, support fishing industries by providing breeding grounds for fish, and attract tourists, contributing to local economies [III] Additionally, some marine organisms found in coral reefs are sources of new medicines [IV]
However, coral reefs are under significant threat due to human activities Climate change has led to rising sea temperatures, causing coral bleaching—a process where corals lose their vibrant colors and essential algae Pollution from land-
based sources, such as agricultural runoff, introduces harmful substances into the ocean, further stressing coral ecosystems
Efforts are being made globally to protect and restore coral reefs Marine protected areas restrict harmful activities, allowing
ecosystems to recover Scientists are also researching coral species that are more resilient to temperature changes, aiming to cultivate
and reintroduce them into affected areas
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Coral reefs cover most of the ocean floor B) Coral reefs have no impact on human economies.C) Coral reefs support a significant portion of marine species D) Coral reefs are unaffected by climate change
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Coral reefs help protect coastlines from erosion B) Coral reefs are a source of new medicines
C) Coral reefs are only found in cold ocean waters D) Coral reefs attract tourists
3 The word "resilient" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to:
4 The word "vibrant" in paragraph 3 is opposite in meaning to:
5 In paragraph 1, what does the word "they" refer to?
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
A) Human activities have no effect on coral reefs B) Coral reefs are thriving because of human actions.C) Human actions are endangering coral reef ecosystems D) Coral reefs are protected from human interference
Trang 147 Where would the following sentence best fit in paragraph 2? "This makes them crucial for the survival of many coastal communities."
8 Which sentence best summarizes paragraph 3?
A) Coral reefs are not affected by pollution B) Human activities pose serious threats to coral reefs
C) Coral reefs are expanding due to climate change D) Pollution has no impact on marine ecosystems
9 What can be inferred from the text?
A) Coral reefs are not important to marine life B) Protecting coral reefs requires global cooperation
C) Coral reefs can survive without human intervention D) Climate change benefits coral ecosystems
10 What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Coral reefs are declining and have no benefits B) Coral reefs are unimportant to humans
C) Coral reefs are vital ecosystems facing significant threats D) Coral reefs are only valuable for tourism
Answers and Explanations:
1 C) Coral reefs support a significant portion of marine species.
o Explanation: The passage states that coral reefs support approximately 25% of all marine species.
2 C) Coral reefs are only found in cold ocean waters.
o Explanation: The passage mentions that coral reefs are found in warm, shallow ocean waters.
o Explanation: The pronoun "they" refers to coral reefs providing habitat for marine life.
6 C) Human actions are endangering coral reef ecosystems.
o Explanation: The sentence indicates that human activities are threatening coral reefs.
7 D) [IV].
o Explanation: Placing the sentence after discussing the economic benefits emphasizes their importance to coastal
communities.
8 B) Human activities pose serious threats to coral reefs.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 discusses how climate change and pollution threaten coral reefs.
9 B) Protecting coral reefs requires global cooperation.
o Explanation: The passage mentions global efforts to protect and restore coral reefs.
10 C) Coral reefs are vital ecosystems facing significant threats.
o Explanation: The passage highlights the importance of coral reefs and the threats they face.
Task 5: Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Ecosystems function through the transfer of energy and nutrients among organisms and their environment Energy enters anecosystem primarily through sunlight, which is captured by producers—organisms like plants and algae—via photosynthesis Theseproducers convert solar energy into chemical energy stored in organic compounds
Consumers, such as herbivores and carnivores, obtain energy by feeding on other organisms Herbivores consume
producers, while carnivores feed on other consumers This transfer of energy continues through various trophic levels, forming afood chain However, not all energy is efficiently transferred; with each step, a significant portion is lost as heat due to metabolicprocesses
[I] Decomposers, including bacteria and fungi, play a crucial role by breaking down dead organisms and waste products [II] This process releases nutrients back into the environment, making them available for producers once again [III] Thus, decomposers ensure the continuity of nutrient cycles within the ecosystem [IV]
The efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels is typically low, often around 10% This inefficiency limits the
number of trophic levels in an ecosystem, as there is insufficient energy to support a large number of successive consumers.Consequently, ecosystems tend to have more producers than top-level consumers
Questions:
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Energy enters ecosystems through consumers B) Producers convert chemical energy into sunlight
C) Decomposers release nutrients back into the environment D) Energy transfer between trophic levels is 100% efficient
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Herbivores feed on producers B) Carnivores consume other consumers
C) All energy is efficiently transferred between trophic levels D) Decomposers break down dead organisms
Trang 157 Where would the following sentence best fit in paragraph 2? "This makes them crucial for the survival of many coastal communities."
8 Which sentence best summarizes paragraph 3?
A) Coral reefs are not affected by pollution B) Human activities pose serious threats to coral reefs
C) Coral reefs are expanding due to climate change D) Pollution has no impact on marine ecosystems
9 What can be inferred from the text?
A) Coral reefs are not important to marine life B) Protecting coral reefs requires global cooperation
C) Coral reefs can survive without human intervention D) Climate change benefits coral ecosystems
10 What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Coral reefs are declining and have no benefits B) Coral reefs are unimportant to humans
C) Coral reefs are vital ecosystems facing significant threats D) Coral reefs are only valuable for tourism
Answers and Explanations:
1 C) Coral reefs support a significant portion of marine species.
o Explanation: The passage states that coral reefs support approximately 25% of all marine species.
2 C) Coral reefs are only found in cold ocean waters.
o Explanation: The passage mentions that coral reefs are found in warm, shallow ocean waters.
o Explanation: The pronoun "they" refers to coral reefs providing habitat for marine life.
6 C) Human actions are endangering coral reef ecosystems.
o Explanation: The sentence indicates that human activities are threatening coral reefs.
7 D) [IV].
o Explanation: Placing the sentence after discussing the economic benefits emphasizes their importance to coastal
communities.
8 B) Human activities pose serious threats to coral reefs.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 discusses how climate change and pollution threaten coral reefs.
9 B) Protecting coral reefs requires global cooperation.
o Explanation: The passage mentions global efforts to protect and restore coral reefs.
10 C) Coral reefs are vital ecosystems facing significant threats.
o Explanation: The passage highlights the importance of coral reefs and the threats they face.
Task 5: Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Ecosystems function through the transfer of energy and nutrients among organisms and their environment Energy enters anecosystem primarily through sunlight, which is captured by producers—organisms like plants and algae—via photosynthesis Theseproducers convert solar energy into chemical energy stored in organic compounds
Consumers, such as herbivores and carnivores, obtain energy by feeding on other organisms Herbivores consume
producers, while carnivores feed on other consumers This transfer of energy continues through various trophic levels, forming afood chain However, not all energy is efficiently transferred; with each step, a significant portion is lost as heat due to metabolicprocesses
[I] Decomposers, including bacteria and fungi, play a crucial role by breaking down dead organisms and waste products [II] This process releases nutrients back into the environment, making them available for producers once again [III] Thus, decomposers ensure the continuity of nutrient cycles within the ecosystem [IV]
The efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels is typically low, often around 10% This inefficiency limits the
number of trophic levels in an ecosystem, as there is insufficient energy to support a large number of successive consumers.Consequently, ecosystems tend to have more producers than top-level consumers
Questions:
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Energy enters ecosystems through consumers B) Producers convert chemical energy into sunlight
C) Decomposers release nutrients back into the environment D) Energy transfer between trophic levels is 100% efficient
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Herbivores feed on producers B) Carnivores consume other consumers
C) All energy is efficiently transferred between trophic levels D) Decomposers break down dead organisms
Trang 16C) Protecting wetlands is vital for environmental health D) Wetlands are increasing in number worldwide.
10 What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Wetlands are unimportant ecosystems
B) Wetlands are being destroyed for urban development
C) Wetlands provide essential ecological services and need protection
D) Wetlands are only found in certain parts of the world
Answers and Explanations:
1 C) Wetlands help in improving water quality.
o Explanation: Paragraph 2 explains that wetlands act as natural filters, improving water quality.
2 C) Wetlands are unaffected by human activities.
o Explanation: Paragraph 4 states that human activities threaten wetlands, leading to their loss.
3 C) Alleviate
o Explanation: "Mitigate" means to make something less severe; "alleviate" is a synonym.
4 B) Similar
o Explanation: "Diverse" means varied; its opposite is "similar."
5 C) Natural filtration by plants and soil
o Explanation: The process refers to plants and soil filtering pollutants and sediments.
6 C) Wetlands help prevent flooding by absorbing excess water.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 discusses wetlands absorbing rainfall, reducing flood risk.
7 B) [II].
o Explanation: Inserting the sentence after the first provides a detailed explanation of how wetlands control floods.
8 B) Wetlands filter water, improving its quality before it reaches larger bodies.
o Explanation: Paragraph 2 focuses on the role of wetlands in water purification.
9 C) Protecting wetlands is vital for environmental health.
o Explanation: The passage emphasizes the importance of wetlands and the need to protect them.
10 C) Wetlands provide essential ecological services and need protection.
o Explanation: The passage highlights the functions of wetlands and the threats they face, underscoring the need for
their conservation
Task 4: The Importance of Coral Reefs
Coral reefs are among the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on Earth Found in warm, shallow ocean waters, they
provide habitat for a vast array of marine life Despite covering less than 1% of the ocean floor, coral reefs support approximately25% of all marine species
[I] These ecosystems offer numerous benefits to humans [II] They protect coastlines from erosion by absorbing wave energy, support fishing industries by providing breeding grounds for fish, and attract tourists, contributing to local economies [III] Additionally, some marine organisms found in coral reefs are sources of new medicines [IV]
However, coral reefs are under significant threat due to human activities Climate change has led to rising sea temperatures, causing coral bleaching—a process where corals lose their vibrant colors and essential algae Pollution from land-
based sources, such as agricultural runoff, introduces harmful substances into the ocean, further stressing coral ecosystems
Efforts are being made globally to protect and restore coral reefs Marine protected areas restrict harmful activities, allowing
ecosystems to recover Scientists are also researching coral species that are more resilient to temperature changes, aiming to cultivate
and reintroduce them into affected areas
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Coral reefs cover most of the ocean floor B) Coral reefs have no impact on human economies.C) Coral reefs support a significant portion of marine species D) Coral reefs are unaffected by climate change
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Coral reefs help protect coastlines from erosion B) Coral reefs are a source of new medicines
C) Coral reefs are only found in cold ocean waters D) Coral reefs attract tourists
3 The word "resilient" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to:
4 The word "vibrant" in paragraph 3 is opposite in meaning to:
5 In paragraph 1, what does the word "they" refer to?
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
A) Human activities have no effect on coral reefs B) Coral reefs are thriving because of human actions.C) Human actions are endangering coral reef ecosystems D) Coral reefs are protected from human interference
Trang 17C) Protecting wetlands is vital for environmental health D) Wetlands are increasing in number worldwide.
10 What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Wetlands are unimportant ecosystems
B) Wetlands are being destroyed for urban development
C) Wetlands provide essential ecological services and need protection
D) Wetlands are only found in certain parts of the world
Answers and Explanations:
1 C) Wetlands help in improving water quality.
o Explanation: Paragraph 2 explains that wetlands act as natural filters, improving water quality.
2 C) Wetlands are unaffected by human activities.
o Explanation: Paragraph 4 states that human activities threaten wetlands, leading to their loss.
3 C) Alleviate
o Explanation: "Mitigate" means to make something less severe; "alleviate" is a synonym.
4 B) Similar
o Explanation: "Diverse" means varied; its opposite is "similar."
5 C) Natural filtration by plants and soil
o Explanation: The process refers to plants and soil filtering pollutants and sediments.
6 C) Wetlands help prevent flooding by absorbing excess water.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 discusses wetlands absorbing rainfall, reducing flood risk.
7 B) [II].
o Explanation: Inserting the sentence after the first provides a detailed explanation of how wetlands control floods.
8 B) Wetlands filter water, improving its quality before it reaches larger bodies.
o Explanation: Paragraph 2 focuses on the role of wetlands in water purification.
9 C) Protecting wetlands is vital for environmental health.
o Explanation: The passage emphasizes the importance of wetlands and the need to protect them.
10 C) Wetlands provide essential ecological services and need protection.
o Explanation: The passage highlights the functions of wetlands and the threats they face, underscoring the need for
their conservation
Task 4: The Importance of Coral Reefs
Coral reefs are among the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on Earth Found in warm, shallow ocean waters, they
provide habitat for a vast array of marine life Despite covering less than 1% of the ocean floor, coral reefs support approximately25% of all marine species
[I] These ecosystems offer numerous benefits to humans [II] They protect coastlines from erosion by absorbing wave energy, support fishing industries by providing breeding grounds for fish, and attract tourists, contributing to local economies [III] Additionally, some marine organisms found in coral reefs are sources of new medicines [IV]
However, coral reefs are under significant threat due to human activities Climate change has led to rising sea temperatures, causing coral bleaching—a process where corals lose their vibrant colors and essential algae Pollution from land-
based sources, such as agricultural runoff, introduces harmful substances into the ocean, further stressing coral ecosystems
Efforts are being made globally to protect and restore coral reefs Marine protected areas restrict harmful activities, allowing
ecosystems to recover Scientists are also researching coral species that are more resilient to temperature changes, aiming to cultivate
and reintroduce them into affected areas
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Coral reefs cover most of the ocean floor B) Coral reefs have no impact on human economies.C) Coral reefs support a significant portion of marine species D) Coral reefs are unaffected by climate change
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Coral reefs help protect coastlines from erosion B) Coral reefs are a source of new medicines
C) Coral reefs are only found in cold ocean waters D) Coral reefs attract tourists
3 The word "resilient" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to:
4 The word "vibrant" in paragraph 3 is opposite in meaning to:
5 In paragraph 1, what does the word "they" refer to?
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
A) Human activities have no effect on coral reefs B) Coral reefs are thriving because of human actions.C) Human actions are endangering coral reef ecosystems D) Coral reefs are protected from human interference
Trang 186 C) Multiple strategies are needed to tackle homelessness.
o Explanation: The underlined sentence emphasizes the need for a multifaceted approach, indicating multiple
strategies are necessary.
7 B) Paragraph 2
o Explanation: Paragraph 2 discusses how unemployment or underemployment leaves many unable to afford basic
necessities, including housing.
8 C) Paragraph 3
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 outlines long-term solutions such as creating affordable housing, offering job training
programs, and providing mental health services.
BÀI ĐỌC 10 CÂU:
Task 2: The Wonders of Biodiversity
In the heart of the rainforest, a vibrant tapestry of life unfolds This diverse array of plants, animals, and microorganisms is
what we call biodiversity Biodiversity, a term derived from ‘biological diversity’, describes the variety of life on Earth
Biodiversity is not limited to rainforests; it can be found in every environment, from the hottest deserts to the coldest polarregions It includes every organism, from the smallest bacteria living in the soil to the largest mammal walking on Earth
Biodiversity is essential for a healthy planet It helps ecosystems function properly For instance, every plant has a role in the cycle of life They produce oxygen, which we and other animals need to breathe Animals contribute as well Bees, for example,
help pollinate plants, leading to the growth of fruits and seeds
[I] In addition to supporting life, biodiversity also provides practical benefits to humans [II] Many medicines are derived from plant and animal species [III] We also rely on biodiversity for food, from different types of crops to varieties of fish and other seafood [IV]
However, biodiversity is under threat due to human activities Deforestation, pollution, climate change, and overfishing are
causing species to disappear at an alarming rate This loss of biodiversity can have serious consequences For example, if a type of
bee becomes extinct, the plants they pollinate may also die off, leading to a ripple effect throughout the ecosystem
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Biodiversity exists only in rainforests B) Biodiversity includes all forms of life on Earth
C) Only large animals are part of biodiversity D) Biodiversity is not important for ecosystems
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Biodiversity helps ecosystems function properly B) Human activities have no impact on biodiversity
C) Bees play a role in plant pollination D) Biodiversity provides practical benefits to humans
3 The word "tapestry" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to:
A) Painting B) Fabric C) Complex and rich combination D) Simple pattern
4 The word "alarming" in paragraph 5 is opposite in meaning to:
5 In paragraph 3, what does the word"they" refer to?
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
A) Biodiversity is not necessary for Earth's health B) A healthy planet does not depend on biodiversity
C) Biodiversity is crucial for maintaining Earth's health D) Earth's health is unrelated to biodiversity
7 Where would the following sentence best fit in paragraph 4? "These resources are vital for human survival."
8 Which sentence best summarizes paragraph 3?
A) Plants and animals are independent of each other B) Biodiversity has no effect on oxygen production.C) Biodiversity supports ecosystem functions and life cycles D) Bees are the only important pollinators
9 What can be inferred from the text?
A) Human activities have no effect on biodiversity B) Loss of biodiversity can disrupt ecosystems
C) Biodiversity is only important for animals D) All species are safe from extinction
10 What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Biodiversity is limited to certain environments
B) Human activities have improved biodiversity
C) Biodiversity is vital for ecosystems and human well-being, but it's under threat
D) Only large animals contribute to biodiversity
Answers and Explanations:
1 B) Biodiversity includes all forms of life on Earth.
Trang 196 C) Multiple strategies are needed to tackle homelessness.
o Explanation: The underlined sentence emphasizes the need for a multifaceted approach, indicating multiple
strategies are necessary.
7 B) Paragraph 2
o Explanation: Paragraph 2 discusses how unemployment or underemployment leaves many unable to afford basic
necessities, including housing.
8 C) Paragraph 3
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 outlines long-term solutions such as creating affordable housing, offering job training
programs, and providing mental health services.
BÀI ĐỌC 10 CÂU:
Task 2: The Wonders of Biodiversity
In the heart of the rainforest, a vibrant tapestry of life unfolds This diverse array of plants, animals, and microorganisms is
what we call biodiversity Biodiversity, a term derived from ‘biological diversity’, describes the variety of life on Earth
Biodiversity is not limited to rainforests; it can be found in every environment, from the hottest deserts to the coldest polarregions It includes every organism, from the smallest bacteria living in the soil to the largest mammal walking on Earth
Biodiversity is essential for a healthy planet It helps ecosystems function properly For instance, every plant has a role in the cycle of life They produce oxygen, which we and other animals need to breathe Animals contribute as well Bees, for example,
help pollinate plants, leading to the growth of fruits and seeds
[I] In addition to supporting life, biodiversity also provides practical benefits to humans [II] Many medicines are derived from plant and animal species [III] We also rely on biodiversity for food, from different types of crops to varieties of fish and other seafood [IV]
However, biodiversity is under threat due to human activities Deforestation, pollution, climate change, and overfishing are
causing species to disappear at an alarming rate This loss of biodiversity can have serious consequences For example, if a type of
bee becomes extinct, the plants they pollinate may also die off, leading to a ripple effect throughout the ecosystem
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Biodiversity exists only in rainforests B) Biodiversity includes all forms of life on Earth
C) Only large animals are part of biodiversity D) Biodiversity is not important for ecosystems
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Biodiversity helps ecosystems function properly B) Human activities have no impact on biodiversity
C) Bees play a role in plant pollination D) Biodiversity provides practical benefits to humans
3 The word "tapestry" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to:
A) Painting B) Fabric C) Complex and rich combination D) Simple pattern
4 The word "alarming" in paragraph 5 is opposite in meaning to:
5 In paragraph 3, what does the word"they" refer to?
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
A) Biodiversity is not necessary for Earth's health B) A healthy planet does not depend on biodiversity
C) Biodiversity is crucial for maintaining Earth's health D) Earth's health is unrelated to biodiversity
7 Where would the following sentence best fit in paragraph 4? "These resources are vital for human survival."
8 Which sentence best summarizes paragraph 3?
A) Plants and animals are independent of each other B) Biodiversity has no effect on oxygen production.C) Biodiversity supports ecosystem functions and life cycles D) Bees are the only important pollinators
9 What can be inferred from the text?
A) Human activities have no effect on biodiversity B) Loss of biodiversity can disrupt ecosystems
C) Biodiversity is only important for animals D) All species are safe from extinction
10 What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Biodiversity is limited to certain environments
B) Human activities have improved biodiversity
C) Biodiversity is vital for ecosystems and human well-being, but it's under threat
D) Only large animals contribute to biodiversity
Answers and Explanations:
1 B) Biodiversity includes all forms of life on Earth.
Trang 203 The word "obtain" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to:
4 The word "inefficiency" in paragraph 4 is opposite in meaning to:
A) Effectiveness B) Wastefulness C) Productivity D) Laziness
5 In paragraph 2, what does the pronoun "this" in "This transfer of energy continues through various trophic levels " refer to?
A) Photosynthesis B) Feeding relationships among organisms
C) Decomposition of waste products D) Loss of energy as heat
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
A) Decomposers create energy from sunlight B) Decomposers consume living producers
C) Decomposers help recycle nutrients by decomposing organic matter D) Decomposers prevent energy loss in ecosystems
7 Where would the following sentence best fit in paragraph 3? "Without decomposers, ecosystems would accumulate waste and dead matter."
8 Which sentence best summarizes paragraph 2?
A) Consumers rely on producers for energy, but energy transfer is inefficient
B) All organisms produce their own energy through photosynthesis
C) Energy transfer between organisms is always efficient
D) Producers feed on consumers to obtain energy
9 What can be inferred from the text?
A) Ecosystems can support unlimited trophic levels B) Energy loss limits the number of trophic levels in an ecosystem.C) Decomposers are not essential in nutrient cycling D) Consumers are more abundant than producers in ecosystems
10 What is the main idea of the passage?
A) The role of sunlight in ecosystems B) The process of photosynthesis in producers
C) The flow of energy and nutrients through ecosystems D) The feeding habits of carnivores and herbivores
Answers and Explanations:
1 C) Decomposers release nutrients back into the environment.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 states that decomposers break down dead organisms, releasing nutrients back into the
environment.
2 C) All energy is efficiently transferred between trophic levels.
o Explanation: Paragraph 4 mentions that energy transfer efficiency is typically low, around 10%.
3 B) Acquire
o Explanation: "Obtain" means to acquire or get something.
4 A) Effectiveness
o Explanation: "Inefficiency" refers to a lack of efficiency; its opposite is "effectiveness."
5 B) Feeding relationships among organisms
o Explanation: The "transfer of energy" refers to how energy moves through the food chain via feeding
relationships.
6 C) Decomposers help recycle nutrients by decomposing organic matter.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 explains that decomposers break down dead organisms, releasing nutrients back into the
environment.
7 B) [II].
o Explanation: Placing the sentence after the first emphasizes the importance of decomposers in preventing waste
accumulation.
8 A) Consumers rely on producers for energy, but energy transfer is inefficient.
o Explanation: Paragraph 2 discusses how consumers obtain energy from producers and notes the inefficiency of
energy transfer.
9 B) Energy loss limits the number of trophic levels in an ecosystem.
o Explanation: Paragraph 4 explains that due to energy loss, ecosystems have limited trophic levels.
10 C) The flow of energy and nutrients through ecosystems.
o Explanation: The passage focuses on how energy and nutrients move through different components of ecosystems.
Trang 21C) Protecting wetlands is vital for environmental health D) Wetlands are increasing in number worldwide.
10 What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Wetlands are unimportant ecosystems
B) Wetlands are being destroyed for urban development
C) Wetlands provide essential ecological services and need protection
D) Wetlands are only found in certain parts of the world
Answers and Explanations:
1 C) Wetlands help in improving water quality.
o Explanation: Paragraph 2 explains that wetlands act as natural filters, improving water quality.
2 C) Wetlands are unaffected by human activities.
o Explanation: Paragraph 4 states that human activities threaten wetlands, leading to their loss.
3 C) Alleviate
o Explanation: "Mitigate" means to make something less severe; "alleviate" is a synonym.
4 B) Similar
o Explanation: "Diverse" means varied; its opposite is "similar."
5 C) Natural filtration by plants and soil
o Explanation: The process refers to plants and soil filtering pollutants and sediments.
6 C) Wetlands help prevent flooding by absorbing excess water.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 discusses wetlands absorbing rainfall, reducing flood risk.
7 B) [II].
o Explanation: Inserting the sentence after the first provides a detailed explanation of how wetlands control floods.
8 B) Wetlands filter water, improving its quality before it reaches larger bodies.
o Explanation: Paragraph 2 focuses on the role of wetlands in water purification.
9 C) Protecting wetlands is vital for environmental health.
o Explanation: The passage emphasizes the importance of wetlands and the need to protect them.
10 C) Wetlands provide essential ecological services and need protection.
o Explanation: The passage highlights the functions of wetlands and the threats they face, underscoring the need for
their conservation
Task 4: The Importance of Coral Reefs
Coral reefs are among the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on Earth Found in warm, shallow ocean waters, they
provide habitat for a vast array of marine life Despite covering less than 1% of the ocean floor, coral reefs support approximately25% of all marine species
[I] These ecosystems offer numerous benefits to humans [II] They protect coastlines from erosion by absorbing wave energy, support fishing industries by providing breeding grounds for fish, and attract tourists, contributing to local economies [III] Additionally, some marine organisms found in coral reefs are sources of new medicines [IV]
However, coral reefs are under significant threat due to human activities Climate change has led to rising sea temperatures, causing coral bleaching—a process where corals lose their vibrant colors and essential algae Pollution from land-
based sources, such as agricultural runoff, introduces harmful substances into the ocean, further stressing coral ecosystems
Efforts are being made globally to protect and restore coral reefs Marine protected areas restrict harmful activities, allowing
ecosystems to recover Scientists are also researching coral species that are more resilient to temperature changes, aiming to cultivate
and reintroduce them into affected areas
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Coral reefs cover most of the ocean floor B) Coral reefs have no impact on human economies.C) Coral reefs support a significant portion of marine species D) Coral reefs are unaffected by climate change
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Coral reefs help protect coastlines from erosion B) Coral reefs are a source of new medicines
C) Coral reefs are only found in cold ocean waters D) Coral reefs attract tourists
3 The word "resilient" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to:
4 The word "vibrant" in paragraph 3 is opposite in meaning to:
5 In paragraph 1, what does the word "they" refer to?
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
A) Human activities have no effect on coral reefs B) Coral reefs are thriving because of human actions.C) Human actions are endangering coral reef ecosystems D) Coral reefs are protected from human interference
Trang 22C) Protecting wetlands is vital for environmental health D) Wetlands are increasing in number worldwide.
10 What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Wetlands are unimportant ecosystems
B) Wetlands are being destroyed for urban development
C) Wetlands provide essential ecological services and need protection
D) Wetlands are only found in certain parts of the world
Answers and Explanations:
1 C) Wetlands help in improving water quality.
o Explanation: Paragraph 2 explains that wetlands act as natural filters, improving water quality.
2 C) Wetlands are unaffected by human activities.
o Explanation: Paragraph 4 states that human activities threaten wetlands, leading to their loss.
3 C) Alleviate
o Explanation: "Mitigate" means to make something less severe; "alleviate" is a synonym.
4 B) Similar
o Explanation: "Diverse" means varied; its opposite is "similar."
5 C) Natural filtration by plants and soil
o Explanation: The process refers to plants and soil filtering pollutants and sediments.
6 C) Wetlands help prevent flooding by absorbing excess water.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 discusses wetlands absorbing rainfall, reducing flood risk.
7 B) [II].
o Explanation: Inserting the sentence after the first provides a detailed explanation of how wetlands control floods.
8 B) Wetlands filter water, improving its quality before it reaches larger bodies.
o Explanation: Paragraph 2 focuses on the role of wetlands in water purification.
9 C) Protecting wetlands is vital for environmental health.
o Explanation: The passage emphasizes the importance of wetlands and the need to protect them.
10 C) Wetlands provide essential ecological services and need protection.
o Explanation: The passage highlights the functions of wetlands and the threats they face, underscoring the need for
their conservation
Task 4: The Importance of Coral Reefs
Coral reefs are among the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on Earth Found in warm, shallow ocean waters, they
provide habitat for a vast array of marine life Despite covering less than 1% of the ocean floor, coral reefs support approximately25% of all marine species
[I] These ecosystems offer numerous benefits to humans [II] They protect coastlines from erosion by absorbing wave energy, support fishing industries by providing breeding grounds for fish, and attract tourists, contributing to local economies [III] Additionally, some marine organisms found in coral reefs are sources of new medicines [IV]
However, coral reefs are under significant threat due to human activities Climate change has led to rising sea temperatures, causing coral bleaching—a process where corals lose their vibrant colors and essential algae Pollution from land-
based sources, such as agricultural runoff, introduces harmful substances into the ocean, further stressing coral ecosystems
Efforts are being made globally to protect and restore coral reefs Marine protected areas restrict harmful activities, allowing
ecosystems to recover Scientists are also researching coral species that are more resilient to temperature changes, aiming to cultivate
and reintroduce them into affected areas
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Coral reefs cover most of the ocean floor B) Coral reefs have no impact on human economies.C) Coral reefs support a significant portion of marine species D) Coral reefs are unaffected by climate change
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Coral reefs help protect coastlines from erosion B) Coral reefs are a source of new medicines
C) Coral reefs are only found in cold ocean waters D) Coral reefs attract tourists
3 The word "resilient" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to:
4 The word "vibrant" in paragraph 3 is opposite in meaning to:
5 In paragraph 1, what does the word "they" refer to?
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
A) Human activities have no effect on coral reefs B) Coral reefs are thriving because of human actions.C) Human actions are endangering coral reef ecosystems D) Coral reefs are protected from human interference
Trang 23o Explanation: The text defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including all organisms from bacteria to
mammals
2 B) Human activities have no impact on biodiversity.
o Explanation: The text states that human activities like deforestation and pollution are causing species to disappear.
3 C) Complex and rich combination
o Explanation: "Tapestry" is used metaphorically to describe the complex and rich variety of life in the rainforest.
4 B) Calm
o Explanation: "Alarming" means causing concern or worry; its opposite is "calm."
5 C) Plants
o Explanation: The sentence discusses plants producing oxygen.
6 C) Biodiversity is crucial for maintaining Earth's health.
o Explanation: The original sentence emphasizes the importance of biodiversity for a healthy planet.
7 B) [II].
o Explanation: Placing the sentence after introducing the practical benefits to humans emphasizes their
importance.
8 C) Biodiversity supports ecosystem functions and life cycles.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 discusses how biodiversity helps ecosystems function properly.
9 B) Loss of biodiversity can disrupt ecosystems.
o Explanation: The text explains that the extinction of species like bees can lead to a ripple effect in ecosystems.
10 C) Biodiversity is vital for ecosystems and human well-being, but it's under threat.
o Explanation: The passage highlights the importance of biodiversity and the threats it faces due to human activities.
Task 3: The Role of Wetlands in Ecosystems
Wetlands are unique ecosystems found in areas where water covers the soil or is present near the surface for varying periods.These environments include marshes, swamps, bogs, and similar areas Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems,
supporting a diverse range of plant and animal life.
One of the primary functions of wetlands is water purification As water flows through a wetland, plants and soil act as
natural filters, trapping pollutants and sediments This process improves water quality before it reaches rivers, lakes, or oceans.
[I] Wetlands also play a crucial role in flood control [II] They absorb excess rainfall, reducing the risk of floods in nearby areas [III] Additionally, wetlands store carbon within plant communities and soil, helping to regulate greenhouse gases and mitigate climate change [IV]
Despite their importance, wetlands are under threat from human activities Drainage for agriculture, urban development,and pollution have led to significant wetland loss worldwide Protecting and restoring wetlands is essential for maintainingbiodiversity and the health of our planet
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Wetlands are only found in tropical regions B) Wetlands are unproductive ecosystems
C) Wetlands help in improving water quality D) Wetlands have no role in climate regulation
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Wetlands support diverse plant and animal life B) Wetlands contribute to flood control
C) Wetlands are unaffected by human activities D) Wetlands store carbon, aiding in climate change mitigation
3 The word "mitigate" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to:
4 The word "diverse" in paragraph 1 is opposite in meaning to:
5 In paragraph 2, what does the word"this" refer to?
A) Flowing water B) Plant growth C) Natural filtration by plants and soil D) Pollution
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the sentence: "Wetlands also play a crucial role in flood control"?
A) Wetlands cause flooding in nearby areas B) Wetlands have no impact on floods
C) Wetlands help prevent flooding by absorbing excess water D) Wetlands are unaffected by rainfall
7 Where would the following sentence best fit in paragraph 3? "They act as natural sponges, soaking up and storing excess water."
8 Which sentence best summarizes paragraph 2?
A) Wetlands are sources of pollution B) Wetlands filter water, improving its quality before it reaches larger bodies.C) Wetlands have no effect on water quality D) Wetlands are dry areas with little water
9 What can be inferred from the text?
A) Wetlands are not important for the environment B) Human activities have no impact on wetlands
Trang 24C) Protecting wetlands is vital for environmental health D) Wetlands are increasing in number worldwide.
10 What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Wetlands are unimportant ecosystems
B) Wetlands are being destroyed for urban development
C) Wetlands provide essential ecological services and need protection
D) Wetlands are only found in certain parts of the world
Answers and Explanations:
1 C) Wetlands help in improving water quality.
o Explanation: Paragraph 2 explains that wetlands act as natural filters, improving water quality.
2 C) Wetlands are unaffected by human activities.
o Explanation: Paragraph 4 states that human activities threaten wetlands, leading to their loss.
3 C) Alleviate
o Explanation: "Mitigate" means to make something less severe; "alleviate" is a synonym.
4 B) Similar
o Explanation: "Diverse" means varied; its opposite is "similar."
5 C) Natural filtration by plants and soil
o Explanation: The process refers to plants and soil filtering pollutants and sediments.
6 C) Wetlands help prevent flooding by absorbing excess water.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 discusses wetlands absorbing rainfall, reducing flood risk.
7 B) [II].
o Explanation: Inserting the sentence after the first provides a detailed explanation of how wetlands control floods.
8 B) Wetlands filter water, improving its quality before it reaches larger bodies.
o Explanation: Paragraph 2 focuses on the role of wetlands in water purification.
9 C) Protecting wetlands is vital for environmental health.
o Explanation: The passage emphasizes the importance of wetlands and the need to protect them.
10 C) Wetlands provide essential ecological services and need protection.
o Explanation: The passage highlights the functions of wetlands and the threats they face, underscoring the need for
their conservation
Task 4: The Importance of Coral Reefs
Coral reefs are among the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on Earth Found in warm, shallow ocean waters, they
provide habitat for a vast array of marine life Despite covering less than 1% of the ocean floor, coral reefs support approximately25% of all marine species
[I] These ecosystems offer numerous benefits to humans [II] They protect coastlines from erosion by absorbing wave energy, support fishing industries by providing breeding grounds for fish, and attract tourists, contributing to local economies [III] Additionally, some marine organisms found in coral reefs are sources of new medicines [IV]
However, coral reefs are under significant threat due to human activities Climate change has led to rising sea temperatures, causing coral bleaching—a process where corals lose their vibrant colors and essential algae Pollution from land-
based sources, such as agricultural runoff, introduces harmful substances into the ocean, further stressing coral ecosystems
Efforts are being made globally to protect and restore coral reefs Marine protected areas restrict harmful activities, allowing
ecosystems to recover Scientists are also researching coral species that are more resilient to temperature changes, aiming to cultivate
and reintroduce them into affected areas
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Coral reefs cover most of the ocean floor B) Coral reefs have no impact on human economies.C) Coral reefs support a significant portion of marine species D) Coral reefs are unaffected by climate change
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Coral reefs help protect coastlines from erosion B) Coral reefs are a source of new medicines
C) Coral reefs are only found in cold ocean waters D) Coral reefs attract tourists
3 The word "resilient" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to:
4 The word "vibrant" in paragraph 3 is opposite in meaning to:
5 In paragraph 1, what does the word "they" refer to?
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
A) Human activities have no effect on coral reefs B) Coral reefs are thriving because of human actions.C) Human actions are endangering coral reef ecosystems D) Coral reefs are protected from human interference
Trang 257 Where would the following sentence best fit in paragraph 2? "This makes them crucial for the survival of many coastal communities."
8 Which sentence best summarizes paragraph 3?
A) Coral reefs are not affected by pollution B) Human activities pose serious threats to coral reefs
C) Coral reefs are expanding due to climate change D) Pollution has no impact on marine ecosystems
9 What can be inferred from the text?
A) Coral reefs are not important to marine life B) Protecting coral reefs requires global cooperation
C) Coral reefs can survive without human intervention D) Climate change benefits coral ecosystems
10 What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Coral reefs are declining and have no benefits B) Coral reefs are unimportant to humans
C) Coral reefs are vital ecosystems facing significant threats D) Coral reefs are only valuable for tourism
Answers and Explanations:
1 C) Coral reefs support a significant portion of marine species.
o Explanation: The passage states that coral reefs support approximately 25% of all marine species.
2 C) Coral reefs are only found in cold ocean waters.
o Explanation: The passage mentions that coral reefs are found in warm, shallow ocean waters.
o Explanation: The pronoun "they" refers to coral reefs providing habitat for marine life.
6 C) Human actions are endangering coral reef ecosystems.
o Explanation: The sentence indicates that human activities are threatening coral reefs.
7 D) [IV].
o Explanation: Placing the sentence after discussing the economic benefits emphasizes their importance to coastal
communities.
8 B) Human activities pose serious threats to coral reefs.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 discusses how climate change and pollution threaten coral reefs.
9 B) Protecting coral reefs requires global cooperation.
o Explanation: The passage mentions global efforts to protect and restore coral reefs.
10 C) Coral reefs are vital ecosystems facing significant threats.
o Explanation: The passage highlights the importance of coral reefs and the threats they face.
Task 5: Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Ecosystems function through the transfer of energy and nutrients among organisms and their environment Energy enters anecosystem primarily through sunlight, which is captured by producers—organisms like plants and algae—via photosynthesis Theseproducers convert solar energy into chemical energy stored in organic compounds
Consumers, such as herbivores and carnivores, obtain energy by feeding on other organisms Herbivores consume
producers, while carnivores feed on other consumers This transfer of energy continues through various trophic levels, forming afood chain However, not all energy is efficiently transferred; with each step, a significant portion is lost as heat due to metabolicprocesses
[I] Decomposers, including bacteria and fungi, play a crucial role by breaking down dead organisms and waste products [II] This process releases nutrients back into the environment, making them available for producers once again [III] Thus, decomposers ensure the continuity of nutrient cycles within the ecosystem [IV]
The efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels is typically low, often around 10% This inefficiency limits the
number of trophic levels in an ecosystem, as there is insufficient energy to support a large number of successive consumers.Consequently, ecosystems tend to have more producers than top-level consumers
Questions:
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Energy enters ecosystems through consumers B) Producers convert chemical energy into sunlight
C) Decomposers release nutrients back into the environment D) Energy transfer between trophic levels is 100% efficient
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Herbivores feed on producers B) Carnivores consume other consumers
C) All energy is efficiently transferred between trophic levels D) Decomposers break down dead organisms
Trang 26o Explanation: The text defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including all organisms from bacteria to
mammals
2 B) Human activities have no impact on biodiversity.
o Explanation: The text states that human activities like deforestation and pollution are causing species to disappear.
3 C) Complex and rich combination
o Explanation: "Tapestry" is used metaphorically to describe the complex and rich variety of life in the rainforest.
4 B) Calm
o Explanation: "Alarming" means causing concern or worry; its opposite is "calm."
5 C) Plants
o Explanation: The sentence discusses plants producing oxygen.
6 C) Biodiversity is crucial for maintaining Earth's health.
o Explanation: The original sentence emphasizes the importance of biodiversity for a healthy planet.
7 B) [II].
o Explanation: Placing the sentence after introducing the practical benefits to humans emphasizes their
importance.
8 C) Biodiversity supports ecosystem functions and life cycles.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 discusses how biodiversity helps ecosystems function properly.
9 B) Loss of biodiversity can disrupt ecosystems.
o Explanation: The text explains that the extinction of species like bees can lead to a ripple effect in ecosystems.
10 C) Biodiversity is vital for ecosystems and human well-being, but it's under threat.
o Explanation: The passage highlights the importance of biodiversity and the threats it faces due to human activities.
Task 3: The Role of Wetlands in Ecosystems
Wetlands are unique ecosystems found in areas where water covers the soil or is present near the surface for varying periods.These environments include marshes, swamps, bogs, and similar areas Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems,
supporting a diverse range of plant and animal life.
One of the primary functions of wetlands is water purification As water flows through a wetland, plants and soil act as
natural filters, trapping pollutants and sediments This process improves water quality before it reaches rivers, lakes, or oceans.
[I] Wetlands also play a crucial role in flood control [II] They absorb excess rainfall, reducing the risk of floods in nearby areas [III] Additionally, wetlands store carbon within plant communities and soil, helping to regulate greenhouse gases and mitigate climate change [IV]
Despite their importance, wetlands are under threat from human activities Drainage for agriculture, urban development,and pollution have led to significant wetland loss worldwide Protecting and restoring wetlands is essential for maintainingbiodiversity and the health of our planet
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Wetlands are only found in tropical regions B) Wetlands are unproductive ecosystems
C) Wetlands help in improving water quality D) Wetlands have no role in climate regulation
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Wetlands support diverse plant and animal life B) Wetlands contribute to flood control
C) Wetlands are unaffected by human activities D) Wetlands store carbon, aiding in climate change mitigation
3 The word "mitigate" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to:
4 The word "diverse" in paragraph 1 is opposite in meaning to:
5 In paragraph 2, what does the word"this" refer to?
A) Flowing water B) Plant growth C) Natural filtration by plants and soil D) Pollution
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the sentence: "Wetlands also play a crucial role in flood control"?
A) Wetlands cause flooding in nearby areas B) Wetlands have no impact on floods
C) Wetlands help prevent flooding by absorbing excess water D) Wetlands are unaffected by rainfall
7 Where would the following sentence best fit in paragraph 3? "They act as natural sponges, soaking up and storing excess water."
8 Which sentence best summarizes paragraph 2?
A) Wetlands are sources of pollution B) Wetlands filter water, improving its quality before it reaches larger bodies.C) Wetlands have no effect on water quality D) Wetlands are dry areas with little water
9 What can be inferred from the text?
A) Wetlands are not important for the environment B) Human activities have no impact on wetlands
Trang 27o Explanation: The text defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including all organisms from bacteria to
mammals
2 B) Human activities have no impact on biodiversity.
o Explanation: The text states that human activities like deforestation and pollution are causing species to disappear.
3 C) Complex and rich combination
o Explanation: "Tapestry" is used metaphorically to describe the complex and rich variety of life in the rainforest.
4 B) Calm
o Explanation: "Alarming" means causing concern or worry; its opposite is "calm."
5 C) Plants
o Explanation: The sentence discusses plants producing oxygen.
6 C) Biodiversity is crucial for maintaining Earth's health.
o Explanation: The original sentence emphasizes the importance of biodiversity for a healthy planet.
7 B) [II].
o Explanation: Placing the sentence after introducing the practical benefits to humans emphasizes their
importance.
8 C) Biodiversity supports ecosystem functions and life cycles.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 discusses how biodiversity helps ecosystems function properly.
9 B) Loss of biodiversity can disrupt ecosystems.
o Explanation: The text explains that the extinction of species like bees can lead to a ripple effect in ecosystems.
10 C) Biodiversity is vital for ecosystems and human well-being, but it's under threat.
o Explanation: The passage highlights the importance of biodiversity and the threats it faces due to human activities.
Task 3: The Role of Wetlands in Ecosystems
Wetlands are unique ecosystems found in areas where water covers the soil or is present near the surface for varying periods.These environments include marshes, swamps, bogs, and similar areas Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems,
supporting a diverse range of plant and animal life.
One of the primary functions of wetlands is water purification As water flows through a wetland, plants and soil act as
natural filters, trapping pollutants and sediments This process improves water quality before it reaches rivers, lakes, or oceans.
[I] Wetlands also play a crucial role in flood control [II] They absorb excess rainfall, reducing the risk of floods in nearby areas [III] Additionally, wetlands store carbon within plant communities and soil, helping to regulate greenhouse gases and mitigate climate change [IV]
Despite their importance, wetlands are under threat from human activities Drainage for agriculture, urban development,and pollution have led to significant wetland loss worldwide Protecting and restoring wetlands is essential for maintainingbiodiversity and the health of our planet
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Wetlands are only found in tropical regions B) Wetlands are unproductive ecosystems
C) Wetlands help in improving water quality D) Wetlands have no role in climate regulation
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Wetlands support diverse plant and animal life B) Wetlands contribute to flood control
C) Wetlands are unaffected by human activities D) Wetlands store carbon, aiding in climate change mitigation
3 The word "mitigate" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to:
4 The word "diverse" in paragraph 1 is opposite in meaning to:
5 In paragraph 2, what does the word"this" refer to?
A) Flowing water B) Plant growth C) Natural filtration by plants and soil D) Pollution
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the sentence: "Wetlands also play a crucial role in flood control"?
A) Wetlands cause flooding in nearby areas B) Wetlands have no impact on floods
C) Wetlands help prevent flooding by absorbing excess water D) Wetlands are unaffected by rainfall
7 Where would the following sentence best fit in paragraph 3? "They act as natural sponges, soaking up and storing excess water."
8 Which sentence best summarizes paragraph 2?
A) Wetlands are sources of pollution B) Wetlands filter water, improving its quality before it reaches larger bodies.C) Wetlands have no effect on water quality D) Wetlands are dry areas with little water
9 What can be inferred from the text?
A) Wetlands are not important for the environment B) Human activities have no impact on wetlands
Trang 28o Explanation: The text defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including all organisms from bacteria to
mammals
2 B) Human activities have no impact on biodiversity.
o Explanation: The text states that human activities like deforestation and pollution are causing species to disappear.
3 C) Complex and rich combination
o Explanation: "Tapestry" is used metaphorically to describe the complex and rich variety of life in the rainforest.
4 B) Calm
o Explanation: "Alarming" means causing concern or worry; its opposite is "calm."
5 C) Plants
o Explanation: The sentence discusses plants producing oxygen.
6 C) Biodiversity is crucial for maintaining Earth's health.
o Explanation: The original sentence emphasizes the importance of biodiversity for a healthy planet.
7 B) [II].
o Explanation: Placing the sentence after introducing the practical benefits to humans emphasizes their
importance.
8 C) Biodiversity supports ecosystem functions and life cycles.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 discusses how biodiversity helps ecosystems function properly.
9 B) Loss of biodiversity can disrupt ecosystems.
o Explanation: The text explains that the extinction of species like bees can lead to a ripple effect in ecosystems.
10 C) Biodiversity is vital for ecosystems and human well-being, but it's under threat.
o Explanation: The passage highlights the importance of biodiversity and the threats it faces due to human activities.
Task 3: The Role of Wetlands in Ecosystems
Wetlands are unique ecosystems found in areas where water covers the soil or is present near the surface for varying periods.These environments include marshes, swamps, bogs, and similar areas Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems,
supporting a diverse range of plant and animal life.
One of the primary functions of wetlands is water purification As water flows through a wetland, plants and soil act as
natural filters, trapping pollutants and sediments This process improves water quality before it reaches rivers, lakes, or oceans.
[I] Wetlands also play a crucial role in flood control [II] They absorb excess rainfall, reducing the risk of floods in nearby areas [III] Additionally, wetlands store carbon within plant communities and soil, helping to regulate greenhouse gases and mitigate climate change [IV]
Despite their importance, wetlands are under threat from human activities Drainage for agriculture, urban development,and pollution have led to significant wetland loss worldwide Protecting and restoring wetlands is essential for maintainingbiodiversity and the health of our planet
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Wetlands are only found in tropical regions B) Wetlands are unproductive ecosystems
C) Wetlands help in improving water quality D) Wetlands have no role in climate regulation
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Wetlands support diverse plant and animal life B) Wetlands contribute to flood control
C) Wetlands are unaffected by human activities D) Wetlands store carbon, aiding in climate change mitigation
3 The word "mitigate" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to:
4 The word "diverse" in paragraph 1 is opposite in meaning to:
5 In paragraph 2, what does the word"this" refer to?
A) Flowing water B) Plant growth C) Natural filtration by plants and soil D) Pollution
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the sentence: "Wetlands also play a crucial role in flood control"?
A) Wetlands cause flooding in nearby areas B) Wetlands have no impact on floods
C) Wetlands help prevent flooding by absorbing excess water D) Wetlands are unaffected by rainfall
7 Where would the following sentence best fit in paragraph 3? "They act as natural sponges, soaking up and storing excess water."
8 Which sentence best summarizes paragraph 2?
A) Wetlands are sources of pollution B) Wetlands filter water, improving its quality before it reaches larger bodies.C) Wetlands have no effect on water quality D) Wetlands are dry areas with little water
9 What can be inferred from the text?
A) Wetlands are not important for the environment B) Human activities have no impact on wetlands
Trang 296 C) Multiple strategies are needed to tackle homelessness.
o Explanation: The underlined sentence emphasizes the need for a multifaceted approach, indicating multiple
strategies are necessary.
7 B) Paragraph 2
o Explanation: Paragraph 2 discusses how unemployment or underemployment leaves many unable to afford basic
necessities, including housing.
8 C) Paragraph 3
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 outlines long-term solutions such as creating affordable housing, offering job training
programs, and providing mental health services.
BÀI ĐỌC 10 CÂU:
Task 2: The Wonders of Biodiversity
In the heart of the rainforest, a vibrant tapestry of life unfolds This diverse array of plants, animals, and microorganisms is
what we call biodiversity Biodiversity, a term derived from ‘biological diversity’, describes the variety of life on Earth
Biodiversity is not limited to rainforests; it can be found in every environment, from the hottest deserts to the coldest polarregions It includes every organism, from the smallest bacteria living in the soil to the largest mammal walking on Earth
Biodiversity is essential for a healthy planet It helps ecosystems function properly For instance, every plant has a role in the cycle of life They produce oxygen, which we and other animals need to breathe Animals contribute as well Bees, for example,
help pollinate plants, leading to the growth of fruits and seeds
[I] In addition to supporting life, biodiversity also provides practical benefits to humans [II] Many medicines are derived from plant and animal species [III] We also rely on biodiversity for food, from different types of crops to varieties of fish and other seafood [IV]
However, biodiversity is under threat due to human activities Deforestation, pollution, climate change, and overfishing are
causing species to disappear at an alarming rate This loss of biodiversity can have serious consequences For example, if a type of
bee becomes extinct, the plants they pollinate may also die off, leading to a ripple effect throughout the ecosystem
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Biodiversity exists only in rainforests B) Biodiversity includes all forms of life on Earth
C) Only large animals are part of biodiversity D) Biodiversity is not important for ecosystems
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Biodiversity helps ecosystems function properly B) Human activities have no impact on biodiversity
C) Bees play a role in plant pollination D) Biodiversity provides practical benefits to humans
3 The word "tapestry" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to:
A) Painting B) Fabric C) Complex and rich combination D) Simple pattern
4 The word "alarming" in paragraph 5 is opposite in meaning to:
5 In paragraph 3, what does the word"they" refer to?
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
A) Biodiversity is not necessary for Earth's health B) A healthy planet does not depend on biodiversity
C) Biodiversity is crucial for maintaining Earth's health D) Earth's health is unrelated to biodiversity
7 Where would the following sentence best fit in paragraph 4? "These resources are vital for human survival."
8 Which sentence best summarizes paragraph 3?
A) Plants and animals are independent of each other B) Biodiversity has no effect on oxygen production.C) Biodiversity supports ecosystem functions and life cycles D) Bees are the only important pollinators
9 What can be inferred from the text?
A) Human activities have no effect on biodiversity B) Loss of biodiversity can disrupt ecosystems
C) Biodiversity is only important for animals D) All species are safe from extinction
10 What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Biodiversity is limited to certain environments
B) Human activities have improved biodiversity
C) Biodiversity is vital for ecosystems and human well-being, but it's under threat
D) Only large animals contribute to biodiversity
Answers and Explanations:
1 B) Biodiversity includes all forms of life on Earth.
Trang 30o Explanation: The text defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including all organisms from bacteria to
mammals
2 B) Human activities have no impact on biodiversity.
o Explanation: The text states that human activities like deforestation and pollution are causing species to disappear.
3 C) Complex and rich combination
o Explanation: "Tapestry" is used metaphorically to describe the complex and rich variety of life in the rainforest.
4 B) Calm
o Explanation: "Alarming" means causing concern or worry; its opposite is "calm."
5 C) Plants
o Explanation: The sentence discusses plants producing oxygen.
6 C) Biodiversity is crucial for maintaining Earth's health.
o Explanation: The original sentence emphasizes the importance of biodiversity for a healthy planet.
7 B) [II].
o Explanation: Placing the sentence after introducing the practical benefits to humans emphasizes their
importance.
8 C) Biodiversity supports ecosystem functions and life cycles.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 discusses how biodiversity helps ecosystems function properly.
9 B) Loss of biodiversity can disrupt ecosystems.
o Explanation: The text explains that the extinction of species like bees can lead to a ripple effect in ecosystems.
10 C) Biodiversity is vital for ecosystems and human well-being, but it's under threat.
o Explanation: The passage highlights the importance of biodiversity and the threats it faces due to human activities.
Task 3: The Role of Wetlands in Ecosystems
Wetlands are unique ecosystems found in areas where water covers the soil or is present near the surface for varying periods.These environments include marshes, swamps, bogs, and similar areas Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems,
supporting a diverse range of plant and animal life.
One of the primary functions of wetlands is water purification As water flows through a wetland, plants and soil act as
natural filters, trapping pollutants and sediments This process improves water quality before it reaches rivers, lakes, or oceans.
[I] Wetlands also play a crucial role in flood control [II] They absorb excess rainfall, reducing the risk of floods in nearby areas [III] Additionally, wetlands store carbon within plant communities and soil, helping to regulate greenhouse gases and mitigate climate change [IV]
Despite their importance, wetlands are under threat from human activities Drainage for agriculture, urban development,and pollution have led to significant wetland loss worldwide Protecting and restoring wetlands is essential for maintainingbiodiversity and the health of our planet
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Wetlands are only found in tropical regions B) Wetlands are unproductive ecosystems
C) Wetlands help in improving water quality D) Wetlands have no role in climate regulation
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Wetlands support diverse plant and animal life B) Wetlands contribute to flood control
C) Wetlands are unaffected by human activities D) Wetlands store carbon, aiding in climate change mitigation
3 The word "mitigate" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to:
4 The word "diverse" in paragraph 1 is opposite in meaning to:
5 In paragraph 2, what does the word"this" refer to?
A) Flowing water B) Plant growth C) Natural filtration by plants and soil D) Pollution
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the sentence: "Wetlands also play a crucial role in flood control"?
A) Wetlands cause flooding in nearby areas B) Wetlands have no impact on floods
C) Wetlands help prevent flooding by absorbing excess water D) Wetlands are unaffected by rainfall
7 Where would the following sentence best fit in paragraph 3? "They act as natural sponges, soaking up and storing excess water."
8 Which sentence best summarizes paragraph 2?
A) Wetlands are sources of pollution B) Wetlands filter water, improving its quality before it reaches larger bodies.C) Wetlands have no effect on water quality D) Wetlands are dry areas with little water
9 What can be inferred from the text?
A) Wetlands are not important for the environment B) Human activities have no impact on wetlands
Trang 31o Explanation: The text defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including all organisms from bacteria to
mammals
2 B) Human activities have no impact on biodiversity.
o Explanation: The text states that human activities like deforestation and pollution are causing species to disappear.
3 C) Complex and rich combination
o Explanation: "Tapestry" is used metaphorically to describe the complex and rich variety of life in the rainforest.
4 B) Calm
o Explanation: "Alarming" means causing concern or worry; its opposite is "calm."
5 C) Plants
o Explanation: The sentence discusses plants producing oxygen.
6 C) Biodiversity is crucial for maintaining Earth's health.
o Explanation: The original sentence emphasizes the importance of biodiversity for a healthy planet.
7 B) [II].
o Explanation: Placing the sentence after introducing the practical benefits to humans emphasizes their
importance.
8 C) Biodiversity supports ecosystem functions and life cycles.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 discusses how biodiversity helps ecosystems function properly.
9 B) Loss of biodiversity can disrupt ecosystems.
o Explanation: The text explains that the extinction of species like bees can lead to a ripple effect in ecosystems.
10 C) Biodiversity is vital for ecosystems and human well-being, but it's under threat.
o Explanation: The passage highlights the importance of biodiversity and the threats it faces due to human activities.
Task 3: The Role of Wetlands in Ecosystems
Wetlands are unique ecosystems found in areas where water covers the soil or is present near the surface for varying periods.These environments include marshes, swamps, bogs, and similar areas Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems,
supporting a diverse range of plant and animal life.
One of the primary functions of wetlands is water purification As water flows through a wetland, plants and soil act as
natural filters, trapping pollutants and sediments This process improves water quality before it reaches rivers, lakes, or oceans.
[I] Wetlands also play a crucial role in flood control [II] They absorb excess rainfall, reducing the risk of floods in nearby areas [III] Additionally, wetlands store carbon within plant communities and soil, helping to regulate greenhouse gases and mitigate climate change [IV]
Despite their importance, wetlands are under threat from human activities Drainage for agriculture, urban development,and pollution have led to significant wetland loss worldwide Protecting and restoring wetlands is essential for maintainingbiodiversity and the health of our planet
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Wetlands are only found in tropical regions B) Wetlands are unproductive ecosystems
C) Wetlands help in improving water quality D) Wetlands have no role in climate regulation
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Wetlands support diverse plant and animal life B) Wetlands contribute to flood control
C) Wetlands are unaffected by human activities D) Wetlands store carbon, aiding in climate change mitigation
3 The word "mitigate" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to:
4 The word "diverse" in paragraph 1 is opposite in meaning to:
5 In paragraph 2, what does the word"this" refer to?
A) Flowing water B) Plant growth C) Natural filtration by plants and soil D) Pollution
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the sentence: "Wetlands also play a crucial role in flood control"?
A) Wetlands cause flooding in nearby areas B) Wetlands have no impact on floods
C) Wetlands help prevent flooding by absorbing excess water D) Wetlands are unaffected by rainfall
7 Where would the following sentence best fit in paragraph 3? "They act as natural sponges, soaking up and storing excess water."
8 Which sentence best summarizes paragraph 2?
A) Wetlands are sources of pollution B) Wetlands filter water, improving its quality before it reaches larger bodies.C) Wetlands have no effect on water quality D) Wetlands are dry areas with little water
9 What can be inferred from the text?
A) Wetlands are not important for the environment B) Human activities have no impact on wetlands
Trang 32o Explanation: The text defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including all organisms from bacteria to
mammals
2 B) Human activities have no impact on biodiversity.
o Explanation: The text states that human activities like deforestation and pollution are causing species to disappear.
3 C) Complex and rich combination
o Explanation: "Tapestry" is used metaphorically to describe the complex and rich variety of life in the rainforest.
4 B) Calm
o Explanation: "Alarming" means causing concern or worry; its opposite is "calm."
5 C) Plants
o Explanation: The sentence discusses plants producing oxygen.
6 C) Biodiversity is crucial for maintaining Earth's health.
o Explanation: The original sentence emphasizes the importance of biodiversity for a healthy planet.
7 B) [II].
o Explanation: Placing the sentence after introducing the practical benefits to humans emphasizes their
importance.
8 C) Biodiversity supports ecosystem functions and life cycles.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 discusses how biodiversity helps ecosystems function properly.
9 B) Loss of biodiversity can disrupt ecosystems.
o Explanation: The text explains that the extinction of species like bees can lead to a ripple effect in ecosystems.
10 C) Biodiversity is vital for ecosystems and human well-being, but it's under threat.
o Explanation: The passage highlights the importance of biodiversity and the threats it faces due to human activities.
Task 3: The Role of Wetlands in Ecosystems
Wetlands are unique ecosystems found in areas where water covers the soil or is present near the surface for varying periods.These environments include marshes, swamps, bogs, and similar areas Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems,
supporting a diverse range of plant and animal life.
One of the primary functions of wetlands is water purification As water flows through a wetland, plants and soil act as
natural filters, trapping pollutants and sediments This process improves water quality before it reaches rivers, lakes, or oceans.
[I] Wetlands also play a crucial role in flood control [II] They absorb excess rainfall, reducing the risk of floods in nearby areas [III] Additionally, wetlands store carbon within plant communities and soil, helping to regulate greenhouse gases and mitigate climate change [IV]
Despite their importance, wetlands are under threat from human activities Drainage for agriculture, urban development,and pollution have led to significant wetland loss worldwide Protecting and restoring wetlands is essential for maintainingbiodiversity and the health of our planet
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Wetlands are only found in tropical regions B) Wetlands are unproductive ecosystems
C) Wetlands help in improving water quality D) Wetlands have no role in climate regulation
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Wetlands support diverse plant and animal life B) Wetlands contribute to flood control
C) Wetlands are unaffected by human activities D) Wetlands store carbon, aiding in climate change mitigation
3 The word "mitigate" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to:
4 The word "diverse" in paragraph 1 is opposite in meaning to:
5 In paragraph 2, what does the word"this" refer to?
A) Flowing water B) Plant growth C) Natural filtration by plants and soil D) Pollution
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the sentence: "Wetlands also play a crucial role in flood control"?
A) Wetlands cause flooding in nearby areas B) Wetlands have no impact on floods
C) Wetlands help prevent flooding by absorbing excess water D) Wetlands are unaffected by rainfall
7 Where would the following sentence best fit in paragraph 3? "They act as natural sponges, soaking up and storing excess water."
8 Which sentence best summarizes paragraph 2?
A) Wetlands are sources of pollution B) Wetlands filter water, improving its quality before it reaches larger bodies.C) Wetlands have no effect on water quality D) Wetlands are dry areas with little water
9 What can be inferred from the text?
A) Wetlands are not important for the environment B) Human activities have no impact on wetlands
Trang 337 Where would the following sentence best fit in paragraph 2? "This makes them crucial for the survival of many coastal communities."
8 Which sentence best summarizes paragraph 3?
A) Coral reefs are not affected by pollution B) Human activities pose serious threats to coral reefs
C) Coral reefs are expanding due to climate change D) Pollution has no impact on marine ecosystems
9 What can be inferred from the text?
A) Coral reefs are not important to marine life B) Protecting coral reefs requires global cooperation
C) Coral reefs can survive without human intervention D) Climate change benefits coral ecosystems
10 What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Coral reefs are declining and have no benefits B) Coral reefs are unimportant to humans
C) Coral reefs are vital ecosystems facing significant threats D) Coral reefs are only valuable for tourism
Answers and Explanations:
1 C) Coral reefs support a significant portion of marine species.
o Explanation: The passage states that coral reefs support approximately 25% of all marine species.
2 C) Coral reefs are only found in cold ocean waters.
o Explanation: The passage mentions that coral reefs are found in warm, shallow ocean waters.
o Explanation: The pronoun "they" refers to coral reefs providing habitat for marine life.
6 C) Human actions are endangering coral reef ecosystems.
o Explanation: The sentence indicates that human activities are threatening coral reefs.
7 D) [IV].
o Explanation: Placing the sentence after discussing the economic benefits emphasizes their importance to coastal
communities.
8 B) Human activities pose serious threats to coral reefs.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 discusses how climate change and pollution threaten coral reefs.
9 B) Protecting coral reefs requires global cooperation.
o Explanation: The passage mentions global efforts to protect and restore coral reefs.
10 C) Coral reefs are vital ecosystems facing significant threats.
o Explanation: The passage highlights the importance of coral reefs and the threats they face.
Task 5: Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Ecosystems function through the transfer of energy and nutrients among organisms and their environment Energy enters anecosystem primarily through sunlight, which is captured by producers—organisms like plants and algae—via photosynthesis Theseproducers convert solar energy into chemical energy stored in organic compounds
Consumers, such as herbivores and carnivores, obtain energy by feeding on other organisms Herbivores consume
producers, while carnivores feed on other consumers This transfer of energy continues through various trophic levels, forming afood chain However, not all energy is efficiently transferred; with each step, a significant portion is lost as heat due to metabolicprocesses
[I] Decomposers, including bacteria and fungi, play a crucial role by breaking down dead organisms and waste products [II] This process releases nutrients back into the environment, making them available for producers once again [III] Thus, decomposers ensure the continuity of nutrient cycles within the ecosystem [IV]
The efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels is typically low, often around 10% This inefficiency limits the
number of trophic levels in an ecosystem, as there is insufficient energy to support a large number of successive consumers.Consequently, ecosystems tend to have more producers than top-level consumers
Questions:
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Energy enters ecosystems through consumers B) Producers convert chemical energy into sunlight
C) Decomposers release nutrients back into the environment D) Energy transfer between trophic levels is 100% efficient
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Herbivores feed on producers B) Carnivores consume other consumers
C) All energy is efficiently transferred between trophic levels D) Decomposers break down dead organisms
Trang 34o Explanation: The text defines biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including all organisms from bacteria to
mammals
2 B) Human activities have no impact on biodiversity.
o Explanation: The text states that human activities like deforestation and pollution are causing species to disappear.
3 C) Complex and rich combination
o Explanation: "Tapestry" is used metaphorically to describe the complex and rich variety of life in the rainforest.
4 B) Calm
o Explanation: "Alarming" means causing concern or worry; its opposite is "calm."
5 C) Plants
o Explanation: The sentence discusses plants producing oxygen.
6 C) Biodiversity is crucial for maintaining Earth's health.
o Explanation: The original sentence emphasizes the importance of biodiversity for a healthy planet.
7 B) [II].
o Explanation: Placing the sentence after introducing the practical benefits to humans emphasizes their
importance.
8 C) Biodiversity supports ecosystem functions and life cycles.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 discusses how biodiversity helps ecosystems function properly.
9 B) Loss of biodiversity can disrupt ecosystems.
o Explanation: The text explains that the extinction of species like bees can lead to a ripple effect in ecosystems.
10 C) Biodiversity is vital for ecosystems and human well-being, but it's under threat.
o Explanation: The passage highlights the importance of biodiversity and the threats it faces due to human activities.
Task 3: The Role of Wetlands in Ecosystems
Wetlands are unique ecosystems found in areas where water covers the soil or is present near the surface for varying periods.These environments include marshes, swamps, bogs, and similar areas Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems,
supporting a diverse range of plant and animal life.
One of the primary functions of wetlands is water purification As water flows through a wetland, plants and soil act as
natural filters, trapping pollutants and sediments This process improves water quality before it reaches rivers, lakes, or oceans.
[I] Wetlands also play a crucial role in flood control [II] They absorb excess rainfall, reducing the risk of floods in nearby areas [III] Additionally, wetlands store carbon within plant communities and soil, helping to regulate greenhouse gases and mitigate climate change [IV]
Despite their importance, wetlands are under threat from human activities Drainage for agriculture, urban development,and pollution have led to significant wetland loss worldwide Protecting and restoring wetlands is essential for maintainingbiodiversity and the health of our planet
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Wetlands are only found in tropical regions B) Wetlands are unproductive ecosystems
C) Wetlands help in improving water quality D) Wetlands have no role in climate regulation
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Wetlands support diverse plant and animal life B) Wetlands contribute to flood control
C) Wetlands are unaffected by human activities D) Wetlands store carbon, aiding in climate change mitigation
3 The word "mitigate" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to:
4 The word "diverse" in paragraph 1 is opposite in meaning to:
5 In paragraph 2, what does the word"this" refer to?
A) Flowing water B) Plant growth C) Natural filtration by plants and soil D) Pollution
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the sentence: "Wetlands also play a crucial role in flood control"?
A) Wetlands cause flooding in nearby areas B) Wetlands have no impact on floods
C) Wetlands help prevent flooding by absorbing excess water D) Wetlands are unaffected by rainfall
7 Where would the following sentence best fit in paragraph 3? "They act as natural sponges, soaking up and storing excess water."
8 Which sentence best summarizes paragraph 2?
A) Wetlands are sources of pollution B) Wetlands filter water, improving its quality before it reaches larger bodies.C) Wetlands have no effect on water quality D) Wetlands are dry areas with little water
9 What can be inferred from the text?
A) Wetlands are not important for the environment B) Human activities have no impact on wetlands
Trang 356 C) Multiple strategies are needed to tackle homelessness.
o Explanation: The underlined sentence emphasizes the need for a multifaceted approach, indicating multiple
strategies are necessary.
7 B) Paragraph 2
o Explanation: Paragraph 2 discusses how unemployment or underemployment leaves many unable to afford basic
necessities, including housing.
8 C) Paragraph 3
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 outlines long-term solutions such as creating affordable housing, offering job training
programs, and providing mental health services.
BÀI ĐỌC 10 CÂU:
Task 2: The Wonders of Biodiversity
In the heart of the rainforest, a vibrant tapestry of life unfolds This diverse array of plants, animals, and microorganisms is
what we call biodiversity Biodiversity, a term derived from ‘biological diversity’, describes the variety of life on Earth
Biodiversity is not limited to rainforests; it can be found in every environment, from the hottest deserts to the coldest polarregions It includes every organism, from the smallest bacteria living in the soil to the largest mammal walking on Earth
Biodiversity is essential for a healthy planet It helps ecosystems function properly For instance, every plant has a role in the cycle of life They produce oxygen, which we and other animals need to breathe Animals contribute as well Bees, for example,
help pollinate plants, leading to the growth of fruits and seeds
[I] In addition to supporting life, biodiversity also provides practical benefits to humans [II] Many medicines are derived from plant and animal species [III] We also rely on biodiversity for food, from different types of crops to varieties of fish and other seafood [IV]
However, biodiversity is under threat due to human activities Deforestation, pollution, climate change, and overfishing are
causing species to disappear at an alarming rate This loss of biodiversity can have serious consequences For example, if a type of
bee becomes extinct, the plants they pollinate may also die off, leading to a ripple effect throughout the ecosystem
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Biodiversity exists only in rainforests B) Biodiversity includes all forms of life on Earth
C) Only large animals are part of biodiversity D) Biodiversity is not important for ecosystems
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Biodiversity helps ecosystems function properly B) Human activities have no impact on biodiversity
C) Bees play a role in plant pollination D) Biodiversity provides practical benefits to humans
3 The word "tapestry" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to:
A) Painting B) Fabric C) Complex and rich combination D) Simple pattern
4 The word "alarming" in paragraph 5 is opposite in meaning to:
5 In paragraph 3, what does the word"they" refer to?
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
A) Biodiversity is not necessary for Earth's health B) A healthy planet does not depend on biodiversity
C) Biodiversity is crucial for maintaining Earth's health D) Earth's health is unrelated to biodiversity
7 Where would the following sentence best fit in paragraph 4? "These resources are vital for human survival."
8 Which sentence best summarizes paragraph 3?
A) Plants and animals are independent of each other B) Biodiversity has no effect on oxygen production.C) Biodiversity supports ecosystem functions and life cycles D) Bees are the only important pollinators
9 What can be inferred from the text?
A) Human activities have no effect on biodiversity B) Loss of biodiversity can disrupt ecosystems
C) Biodiversity is only important for animals D) All species are safe from extinction
10 What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Biodiversity is limited to certain environments
B) Human activities have improved biodiversity
C) Biodiversity is vital for ecosystems and human well-being, but it's under threat
D) Only large animals contribute to biodiversity
Answers and Explanations:
1 B) Biodiversity includes all forms of life on Earth.
Trang 367 Where would the following sentence best fit in paragraph 2? "This makes them crucial for the survival of many coastal communities."
8 Which sentence best summarizes paragraph 3?
A) Coral reefs are not affected by pollution B) Human activities pose serious threats to coral reefs
C) Coral reefs are expanding due to climate change D) Pollution has no impact on marine ecosystems
9 What can be inferred from the text?
A) Coral reefs are not important to marine life B) Protecting coral reefs requires global cooperation
C) Coral reefs can survive without human intervention D) Climate change benefits coral ecosystems
10 What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Coral reefs are declining and have no benefits B) Coral reefs are unimportant to humans
C) Coral reefs are vital ecosystems facing significant threats D) Coral reefs are only valuable for tourism
Answers and Explanations:
1 C) Coral reefs support a significant portion of marine species.
o Explanation: The passage states that coral reefs support approximately 25% of all marine species.
2 C) Coral reefs are only found in cold ocean waters.
o Explanation: The passage mentions that coral reefs are found in warm, shallow ocean waters.
o Explanation: The pronoun "they" refers to coral reefs providing habitat for marine life.
6 C) Human actions are endangering coral reef ecosystems.
o Explanation: The sentence indicates that human activities are threatening coral reefs.
7 D) [IV].
o Explanation: Placing the sentence after discussing the economic benefits emphasizes their importance to coastal
communities.
8 B) Human activities pose serious threats to coral reefs.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 discusses how climate change and pollution threaten coral reefs.
9 B) Protecting coral reefs requires global cooperation.
o Explanation: The passage mentions global efforts to protect and restore coral reefs.
10 C) Coral reefs are vital ecosystems facing significant threats.
o Explanation: The passage highlights the importance of coral reefs and the threats they face.
Task 5: Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Ecosystems function through the transfer of energy and nutrients among organisms and their environment Energy enters anecosystem primarily through sunlight, which is captured by producers—organisms like plants and algae—via photosynthesis Theseproducers convert solar energy into chemical energy stored in organic compounds
Consumers, such as herbivores and carnivores, obtain energy by feeding on other organisms Herbivores consume
producers, while carnivores feed on other consumers This transfer of energy continues through various trophic levels, forming afood chain However, not all energy is efficiently transferred; with each step, a significant portion is lost as heat due to metabolicprocesses
[I] Decomposers, including bacteria and fungi, play a crucial role by breaking down dead organisms and waste products [II] This process releases nutrients back into the environment, making them available for producers once again [III] Thus, decomposers ensure the continuity of nutrient cycles within the ecosystem [IV]
The efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels is typically low, often around 10% This inefficiency limits the
number of trophic levels in an ecosystem, as there is insufficient energy to support a large number of successive consumers.Consequently, ecosystems tend to have more producers than top-level consumers
Questions:
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Energy enters ecosystems through consumers B) Producers convert chemical energy into sunlight
C) Decomposers release nutrients back into the environment D) Energy transfer between trophic levels is 100% efficient
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Herbivores feed on producers B) Carnivores consume other consumers
C) All energy is efficiently transferred between trophic levels D) Decomposers break down dead organisms
Trang 37C) Protecting wetlands is vital for environmental health D) Wetlands are increasing in number worldwide.
10 What is the main idea of the passage?
A) Wetlands are unimportant ecosystems
B) Wetlands are being destroyed for urban development
C) Wetlands provide essential ecological services and need protection
D) Wetlands are only found in certain parts of the world
Answers and Explanations:
1 C) Wetlands help in improving water quality.
o Explanation: Paragraph 2 explains that wetlands act as natural filters, improving water quality.
2 C) Wetlands are unaffected by human activities.
o Explanation: Paragraph 4 states that human activities threaten wetlands, leading to their loss.
3 C) Alleviate
o Explanation: "Mitigate" means to make something less severe; "alleviate" is a synonym.
4 B) Similar
o Explanation: "Diverse" means varied; its opposite is "similar."
5 C) Natural filtration by plants and soil
o Explanation: The process refers to plants and soil filtering pollutants and sediments.
6 C) Wetlands help prevent flooding by absorbing excess water.
o Explanation: Paragraph 3 discusses wetlands absorbing rainfall, reducing flood risk.
7 B) [II].
o Explanation: Inserting the sentence after the first provides a detailed explanation of how wetlands control floods.
8 B) Wetlands filter water, improving its quality before it reaches larger bodies.
o Explanation: Paragraph 2 focuses on the role of wetlands in water purification.
9 C) Protecting wetlands is vital for environmental health.
o Explanation: The passage emphasizes the importance of wetlands and the need to protect them.
10 C) Wetlands provide essential ecological services and need protection.
o Explanation: The passage highlights the functions of wetlands and the threats they face, underscoring the need for
their conservation
Task 4: The Importance of Coral Reefs
Coral reefs are among the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on Earth Found in warm, shallow ocean waters, they
provide habitat for a vast array of marine life Despite covering less than 1% of the ocean floor, coral reefs support approximately25% of all marine species
[I] These ecosystems offer numerous benefits to humans [II] They protect coastlines from erosion by absorbing wave energy, support fishing industries by providing breeding grounds for fish, and attract tourists, contributing to local economies [III] Additionally, some marine organisms found in coral reefs are sources of new medicines [IV]
However, coral reefs are under significant threat due to human activities Climate change has led to rising sea temperatures, causing coral bleaching—a process where corals lose their vibrant colors and essential algae Pollution from land-
based sources, such as agricultural runoff, introduces harmful substances into the ocean, further stressing coral ecosystems
Efforts are being made globally to protect and restore coral reefs Marine protected areas restrict harmful activities, allowing
ecosystems to recover Scientists are also researching coral species that are more resilient to temperature changes, aiming to cultivate
and reintroduce them into affected areas
1 Which of the following is true according to the text?
A) Coral reefs cover most of the ocean floor B) Coral reefs have no impact on human economies.C) Coral reefs support a significant portion of marine species D) Coral reefs are unaffected by climate change
2 Which of the following is NOT true according to the text?
A) Coral reefs help protect coastlines from erosion B) Coral reefs are a source of new medicines
C) Coral reefs are only found in cold ocean waters D) Coral reefs attract tourists
3 The word "resilient" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to:
4 The word "vibrant" in paragraph 3 is opposite in meaning to:
5 In paragraph 1, what does the word "they" refer to?
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the underlined sentence in paragraph 3?
A) Human activities have no effect on coral reefs B) Coral reefs are thriving because of human actions.C) Human actions are endangering coral reef ecosystems D) Coral reefs are protected from human interference