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As is the case with most diminuitives, used with affection; coined by Yiddish speakers in AmericaUS , 1951 boyfnouna boyfriendUK , 2003 boy-galnouna male homosexualUS , 1990 boy-girlnoun

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box sluggernouna criminal specialising in breaking into safesUS ,

1970

box someone’s earsverbto hit someone round the headUK , 1601

box toolnounany tool used for breaking into a safeUS , 1972

box-upnouna mix-up, a confusion Also used a verb and, as

‘boxed-up’, an adjectiveAUSTRALIA , 1945

boynoun1heroinUS , 1953.2the penisIRELAND , 1992.3a male friend

Connotes affection and loyaltyUS , 1997.4a homosexual male

prostituteUS , 1971.5a lesbianUS , 1997.6a boxer or wrestlerUS , 1977.

7in a deck of playing cards, a jack or knaveUS , 1967.8in horse

racing, a jockeyUS , 1951.9a dollar; moneyUK , 1780

boy beavernounthe male sex organs and pubic hairUS , 1987

boychiknouna boy or young man Also variant ‘boychick’ As is the

case with most diminuitives, used with affection; coined by

Yiddish speakers in AmericaUS , 1951

boyfnouna boyfriendUK , 2003

boy-galnouna male homosexualUS , 1990

boy-girlnouna young, effeminate, male homosexualUS , 1952

boy-holenouna young and passive homosexual male Sexual

objectificationUS , 1997

boy in the boatnounthe clitorisUS , 1916

boykie; boytjienouna boy, a youth; used as an admiring form of

address to a man An Anglo-Afrikaans diminutive of ‘boy’SOUTH

AFRICA , 1974

boynohelloUK , 2002

boyonoun1used as a good-humoured form of address to a man

An elaboration of ‘boy’, stereotypically Irish or WelshIRELAND , 1898.

2a Welsh man Somewhat patronising; after what is thought to be

a stereotypically Welsh form of addressUK , 1953

boyoadjectivemildly pornographic, featuring naked menUS , 1970

boy! oh boy!used for registering shock, surprise, satisfaction, etc;

also used to emphasise or draw attention to the statement that

followsUS , 1917

boysnoun1the male genitals From Seinfeld (NBC, 1990–98) Both

Seinfeld and his wacky neighbour Kramer (Michael Richards)

referred to their genitals as ‘my boys’ Repeated with referential

humourUS , 1998.2a group of homosexual male friends; collectively,

the male homosexual communityUS , 1972.3racketeersUS , 1979.

4used by professional wrestlers to refer to other professional

wrestlersUS , 1990.5sledge dogsANTARCTICA , 1966 < do the boysto

engage in homosexual activityUS , 2002

boys and girlsnounheroin and cocaine, mixed and injected

togetherUS , 1993

boy scoutnoun1a state trooperUS , 1973.2a person who is

extremely, and usually distressingly, sincereUS , 1997

boyshapenouna boyfriend Teen slangUK , 2003

boysienounused as a term of address to a boy or manAUSTRALIA , 1929

boys in bluenounthe police; sailors; US Federal troops Rarely, if

ever, occurs in the singular Derives from the colour of the

uni-form; sometimes heard as ‘men in blue’ or ‘gentlemen in blue’

UK , 1851

boys of Baghdadnounduring the Gulf war, reporters for the Cable

News NetworkUS , 1991

boys on the hillnounthe members of New Zealand’s parliament

NEW ZEALAND , 1984

Boy’s Townnouna city neighbourhood dominated by homosexual

men A play on Father Flanagan’s Boys Home, a home for

delin-quent and homeless boys in Omaha, NebraskaUS , 1984

boys’ toy; big boys’ toynounany automotive, mechanical or

elec-tronic piece of technology designed to appeal to men, especially

an unnecessary one; a gadgetUK , 2000

boy toynouna young, attractive woman or man who is the object

of sexual desire of their elders, homosexual or heterosexualUS , 1989

boy wondernouna man not held in high esteem An ironic usage

bozacknoun1sex Usually heard as ‘do the bozack’US , 1989.2the penis; the entire male genitalia Sometimes shortened to ‘zack’US , 1990

bozonoun1a buffoon In the US, the older sense of ‘bozo’ as ‘a fellow’ was supplanted by the figure Bozo the Clown, who first appeared on record in 1946 and then became a fixture on local television programmes throughout the US beginning in 1949US ,

1916.2heroinUK , 1998.3an ounce of heroinUS , 1992

bozoticadjectivein computing, ridiculousUS , 1991

BPnoun1in blackjack counting teams, the player who places the large bets based on cues from other members of the team who

have been counting cards at a particular table An intialism for ‘big player’ US , 1991.2in American casinos, a serious gambler The

initials stand for ‘big player’ US , 1985.3a young prostitute An

abbreviation of ‘baby pro’ US , 1971

BPOMnounin homosexual shorthand usage, a man with a large

penis, a big piece of meat US , 1979

BPSnouna wooden stick used by police for probing a corpse New

York police slang; an abbreviation of ‘brain-picking stick’ US , 1997

BQnouna male homosexual who favours anal sex An abbrerviation

ofBROWNIE QUEEN US , 1964

BRnoun1a bankrollUS , 1915.2money From the term ‘bankroll’US ,

1915.3in carnival usage, any hyperbolic story An extension of the

‘bankroll’ sense, the roll of money used by the operator of a rigged game to distract and divert the attention of a player from how the game is riggedUS , 1985.4Banana Republic™, a chain of shops selling casual clothingUS , 1997

branounused for addressing a friend Phonetic abbreviation of

BROTHER(a fellow)UK , 1968

braceverbto apprehend someone; to arrest someone; to accost someoneUS , 1889

brace and bit; bracenoun1the equipment needed to prepare and inject a drug Rhyming slang, fromOUTFIT NEW ZEALAND , 1999.2the female breast Rhyming slang forTIT;usually in the plural Sometimes shortened to ‘brace’US , 1928.3an act of defecation Rhyming slang forSHIT Sometimes shortened to ‘brace’UK , 2003

brace facenounany person wearing an orthodontic braceUS , 1991

bracelet playnounin poker, an exceptionally crafty play An allusion

to the ‘bracelet prize’ in the World Series of PokerUS , 1996

braceletsnounhandcuffsUK , 1661

bracernounany strong alcoholic drinkUS , 1830

brace-upnouna prison- or police-cellUK , 1974

brace worknounpoorly executed markings on the back of cards by card cheatsUS , 1961

bra chutenouna type of parachute malfunctionUS , 1982

bracketnounan unspecified part of the body Usually as part of a threat; ‘a punch up the bracket’; probably coined by scriptwriters Ray Galton and Alan SimpsonUK , 1984

Bradman pillsnounin horse racing, diuretic pills used by jockeys to lose weight An allusion to cricket legend Donald Bradman; if you take enough diuretics, you will make a hundred runs before lunch

AUSTRALIA , 1989

Brad Pitt; bradnounan act of defecation Rhyming slang forSHIT

formed on the name of American film-actor Brad Pitt (b.1963)UK , 1998

bradsnounmoneyUK , 1812

Bradynouna theatre seat reserved for a friend of the theatre management An allusion to William Brady (1863–1950), American impresarioUS , 1981

braffadjectiveworthlessUK , 2005

braggadocious; bragadociousadjectiveboastfulUS , 1956

brag-ragnouna military decoration in the form of a ribbonUS , 1960

brahnounused as a term of address, young surfing male to young surfing male A surfer’s ‘brother’US , 1981

brahma; Brahmanouna pleasing thing From Hindu mythology

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Brahms and Liszt; Brahmsadjectivedrunk Rhyming slang for

PISSED(drunk)UK , 1978

braidnouna prison warden or other officialUS , 1950

brainnoun1oral sex performed on a male An extension ofHEAD US ,

1998.2a smart personUK , 1914.3a dumb personUS , 1981.4the

penis Derisive usageUS , 2001 < get something or someone on

the brainto become obsessed by something or someoneUK , 1989.

< out of your braindrunk or drug-intoxicatedUK , 1973

brainverbto hit someone on the headUS , 1938

brain bagnounin trucking, anything used by a trucker to store

maps, permits, and other paperworkUS , 1971

brain bendernouna strenuous, rowdy partyUS , 1966

brain bleachnounLSD A variation on the conventional ‘brainwash’

UK , 2001

brain-boshingadjectiveintoxicating Extending fromBOSH(to take

pills)UK , 2002

brain boxnoun1the head; the mindUK , 1823.2a person of above

average intelligenceUK , 2000

brain boynounin oil drilling, an engineerUS , 1954

brain bucketnouna safety helmet Coined in the US Air Force,

adapted to drag racing and then to a variety of sportsUS , 1955

brain burnernounan intravenous injection of amphetamine or

methamphetamineUS , 1992

brain candynounan insignificant entertainment or diversion as

opposed to something that requires thoughtUS , 1981

brain crampnouna mental errorUS , 1982

brain damagenounheroinUK , 1998

brain-damagedadjectivein computing, clearly wrongUS , 1983

brain derbynouna test or examinationUS , 1961

brain donornounan idiot The image of an empty head.UK , 1981

brain drainnoun1the large-scale migration of talented and

intelligent people from and/or to somewhere According to William

Safire, probably coined in 1963 to describe the exodus of British

scientists to the USUK , 1963.2forensic scientists; a forensic science

department Police term, used ironicallyUK , 1971

brain fadenouna momentary mental lapseUS , 1980

brain fart; mind fartnouna temporary mental lapse Probably a

jocular derivation fromBRAINSTORM US , 1983

brain freezenouna searing headache experienced when eating

frozen food or drinksUS , 1993

brainfuckernounan idea that is difficult to comprehendUK , 2002

brainiacnouna very intelligent personUS , 1986

brainlessadjective1very drunkUK: SCOTLAND , 1985.2good, excellent

UK , 2002

brain pillnounan amphetamine tabletUK , 2003

brain platenounon the railways, a conductor’s cap badgeUS , 1975

brainsnoun1oral sex In the progression ofHEADto ‘skull’ to ‘brains’

US , 2000.2a railway conductor Often after ‘the’US , 1946

brain screwnouna prison psychological counsellorUS , 1951

brainstormnouna sudden, good ideaUS , 1925

brain surgeonnoun1a poker player who over-analyses every

situ-ationUS , 1982

brain surgerynounany difficult, demanding work Used in contrast

to the job at handUS , 1980

brain ticklernouna tablet or capsule of amphetamineUK , 1998

brain trainnouna school busUS , 1976

brain trustnouna group of expert advisors Although found at least

as early as 1910, not popularised until 1933 in association with US

President Franklin Roosevelt’s advisorsUS , 1910

brainwashverbto convince someone systematically and in a

manipulative manner that something they do not believe is true

Although the term was coined to describe the actions of

of ‘brainwash’ in the US was by George Romney, candidate for the Republican presidential nomination in 1968, who claimed that he had been brainwashed to support the US war against VietnamUS , 1951

brainyadjectiveintelligent, cleverUK , 1845

brake fluidnounany medication used to sedate an unruly prisoner

US , 1991

brake padsnounthe condition that exists when a tight-fitting pair

of trousers, shorts, bathing suit or other garment forms a wedge between a woman’s labia, accentuating their shape A visual image

US , 2002

brakernouna railway brakemanUS , 1977

brakienouna brakeman on a freight trainUS , 1887

bramnouna small party with dancingBARBADOS , 1965

Brambladesh; Bramistannicknamethe Brampton region of TorontoCANADA , 2002

brammeradjectiveexcellent, outstandingly good Derives from

BRAHMA(something good)UK , 1987

branchnouna matchUS , 1973

Branchernicknamea member of the Special Branch of the Irish police forceIRELAND , 1997

branch outverbto become fatAUSTRALIA , 1953

Brandon Blocknounthe penis; a fool Rhyming slang forCOCK; formed from the name of a London-born dance music DJUK , 2003

brand Xnoun1marijuanaUS , 1980.2a marijuana cigaretteUS , 1992.

3in trucking, a small and unknown trucking companyUS , 1976

brandynounlubricant applied to the anus in preparation for anal sex

UK , 2002

brandy and rum; brandynounthe buttocks, the posterior Rhyming slang forBUM UK , 1993

brandy latchnouna toilet A combination ofBRANDY(AND RUM) (the posterior) and ‘latch’ (a lock)UK , 2002

brandy snapnouna slap Rhyming slangUK , 2003

brannigannouna brawl, literal or figurativeUS , 1940

brapadjectiveexcellentUK , 2005

brap! brap!: brap! brap! brap!used for expressing pleasurable excitementUK , 2005

brasconouna toilet Origin unknown.AUSTRALIA , 1955

brassnoun1in the military, high-ranking officers as a collective entityUS , 1864.2money, cashUK , 1598.3in carnival usage, fake jewelleryUS , 1981.4brass knucklesUS , 1980 8see:BRASS NAIL, TOP BRASS

brassverbto rob a person of their money by deception; to con someoneAUSTRALIA , 1939 < brass it outto brazen it out From the conventional use of ‘brass’ (effrontery or impudence)UK , 1969

brassadjectivefashionable, smartUK , 1968

brass bandnoun1the hand Rhyming slangUK , 1952.2a back-up military unit sent to help a small, outnumbered unitUS , 1991

brass buttonsnouna police officer; the police in generalUS , 1974

brass collarnounrailway managementUS , 1977

brassed off; brassedadjectivedisgruntled Originally military slang

UK , 1942

brasser; brazzernouna female of dubious sexual moralsIRELAND , 1991

brass fartnouna thing of negligible value Probably a convenient shortening ofBRASS FARTHING UK , 1996

brass farthingnouna trivial sum of money, or lessUK , 1642

brass-happyadjectiveextremely anxious to be promoted within the officer corpsUS , 1946

brass housenouna brothel, a whorehouse Where aBRASS(NAIL) (a prostitute) worksUK , 2001

brassies

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brass mannouna confidence trickster From earlier ‘brass’ (a

horse-racing confidence trick)AUSTRALIA , 1953

brass monkeynounused in a number of figures of speech,

especially as a basis for comparisonUS , 1857

brass-monkeyadjective(of weather) bitterly cold May be of nautical

origin but the popular etymology involving powder monkeys and

cannon balls remains unproven Usually as ‘brass-monkeys’ or

‘brass-monkey weather’; from the phrase ‘cold enough to freeze

the balls off a brass monkey’UK , 1857

brass nail; brassnouna prostitute Rhyming slang forTAIL(a

woman sexually objectified), also punning on something you buy

‘to bang’UK , 1933

brass razoonouna small amount of moneyAUSTRALIA , 1941

brass ringnounan elusive but valuable prizeUS , early 1950s

brass tacksnounthe basic facts; the basic reality Rhyming slang for

‘facts’US , 1895

brass upverb1to pay moneyUK , 1898.2to rebuke someone

BARBADOS , 1965

brassyadjective(of a woman) ostentatious, cheap but flashy;

prostitute-like A variation of an earlier, obsolete sense (impudent

and shameless); probably fromBRASS(NAIL) (a prostitute), but note

the bright appearance of polished brass, a relatively cheap metal

UK , 1937

bratnoun1a child, especially a troublesome junior; a baby Possibly

from Scottish dialect bratchart UK , 1505.2a young and/or weak man

used as a passive homosexual partner, especially in prisonUS , 1961

brat packnicknamea group of young film actors who played roles in

John Hughes films of the 1980s Frequently mentioned as

members of the group included Anthony Michael Hall, Emilio

Estevez, Charlie Sheen, Judd Nelson, Molly Ringold, Rob Lowe and

Ally Sheedy A play on the Sinatra-centric Rat Pack of the 1950s

and 60sUS , 1985

bravonouna soldier in the US infantry Vietnam war coinage and

usageUS , 1980

bravo deltanouna nonfunctioning piece of hardware A

phonetic-alphabet euphemism for ‘broke dick’ US , 1988

brawlnouna rowdy partyUS , 1927

brazilverbto decline to pay interest on an existing loanCANADA , 1989

Brazilian landing strip; Braziliannounthe trimming of a

woman’s pubic hair such that only a narrow strip remains; the

result thereofUS , 2001

Brazil waternouncoffeeUS , 1949

BRBused in computer message shorthand to mean ‘be right back’

US , 1991

breanounheroinUK , 2003

breachnoun< in the breachin poker, first to act in a given

situ-ationUS , 1988

breadnoun1money The term was used at least as early as the

1930s, but it did not gain wide acceptance until the 1960sUS , 1935.

2ship’s biscuitsTRISTAN DA CUNHA , 1910

bread and breadnouna homosexual couple; more generally, any

dull combination of two similar thingsUK , 1984

bread and butternoun1a livelihood, the means of living; a basic,

motivating interestUK , 1837.2used by bookmakers to describe bets

by inexperienced, unskilled bettorsAUSTRALIA , 1989.3a crazy person

Rhyming slang forNUTTER UK , 1992

bread and butter!used as a charm when two people who are

walking side-by-side are momentarily separated by a person or

objectUS , 1939

bread and cheeseverbto sneeze Rhyming slang also used as a

nounUK , 1938

bread and jamnouna tramAUSTRALIA , 1902

bread and lardadjectivehardUK , 1961

bread and pointnouna meagre meal, mainly bread Another

surviving, related expression is ‘bread and pullet’ or ‘pull-it’CANADA ,

breadbasketnounthe stomachUK , 1785

bread boxnoun1the stomach A lesser-known cousin of

BREADBASKET US , 1919.2a safe that is easily broken intoUS , 1949

breadedadjectivewealthy Formed onBREAD[money]UK , 2005

breadfruit swoppernouna conventional if cheap personBARBADOS , 1965

bread hooksnounthe fingers, the handsCANADA , 1973

bread knifenouna wife Rhyming slangUK , 2003

breadsnounmoneyBAHAMAS , 1982

breadwinnernounthe person responsible for supporting a family Drawn fromBREAD(money)UK , 1821

breaknoun1in hip-hop culture, an instrumental section from any recorded source that is mixed with other similar selections to make a new piece of musicUS , 1993.2a piece of luck, good unless otherwise qualified, e.g ‘bad break’US , 1926.3a break-in, or illicit entry, into a buildingUK , 1959

breakverb1to escape from prisonUK , 1996.2in blackjack, to exceed

21 points, losing the handUS , 1991.3to run awayUS , 1993.4in theatrical use, to stop work during or at the end of rehearsal, e.g

‘the cast broke for tea’UK , 1984.5of money, to change a coin or a note into coins or notes of smaller denominationsUK , 1844.6to steal somethingUS , 2003.7to do something to excessUS , 1989.

< break badto act in a threatening, menacing mannerUS , 1997.

< break campto leave Military or Western overtonesUS , 1986.

< break fivesto shake handsBARBADOS , 1965 < break his (or her) cherry(used of a racehorse) to win the first race in a racing careerUS , 1951 < break illto make a mistake, to blunderUS , 1989.

< break it bigto win a great deal of moneyAUSTRALIA , 1954.

< break it downto stop, to cease; as an imperative, stop talking!

AUSTRALIA , 1944 < break luck(of a prostitute) to have sex with the first customer of the day or nightUS , 1969 < break out into assholesto become deeply frightenedUS , 1982 < break out the ragto lose your temper after losing a gameUS , 1971 < break someone’s ballsto harrass, to nag someoneUS , 1970 < break someone’s chopsto give someone a hard time, to harass someoneUS , 1953 < break starchto put on a fresh uniform

US , 1968 < break stick in earsto ignore advice or counsel

GRENADA , 2002 < break tapeto fire your weapon Vietnam war usageUS , 1991 < break the bankto divide the winnings up among members of a blackjack counting teamUS , 1991 < break the housein gambling, especially an illegal gambling enterprise,

to win a great deal of money from the houseUS , 1989 < break the nightto stay up all nightUS , 1989 < break the sealto urinate for the first time in a serious bout of drinking Subsequent visits to the toilet will occur with urgent regularity after ‘breaking the seal’UK , 2002 < break the sound barrierto fart Probably dating to the late 1960s when the test-flights of supersonic airliner Concorde first made the potential simile widely-knownCANADA , 1984.

< break watches(of a racehorse) to run very fast during a morning workoutUS , 1951 < break weakto back down from a confrontationUS , 1992 < break wideto leaveUS , 1992 < break wind1to fartUK , 1606.2to drive in the lead position in a group of trucks travelling along a motorway together Citizens’ band radio usageUS , 1977

breakagenounin horse racing pari-mutuel betting, the change left over after paying off bets to the nearest nickel, dime or dollarUS , 1947

break a leg!to an actor, good luck! Theatrical superstition con-siders a wish of good luck to be tempting fate Folk-etymology offers the example of American actor John Wilkes Booth who assassinated President Abraham Lincoln The assassin jumped on stage and broke his leg Unlikely It is remembered in use in the 1930s, and is suspected to be of English origin; it is certainly widely used in the UKUS , 1973

breakawaynoun1any piece of equipment or clothing that will tear free from a police officer’s body during a fightUS , 1962.2in television and film making, a prop designed to break easily upon impactUS , 1990

breakbeatnounin contemporary dance culture, a sampled beat that

is looped to create a rhythmic pattern; hence, a musical styleUS ,

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breakdancer; breakernouna dancer who finds expression in the

rhythms of hip-hop musicUS , 1984

breakdancingnounan energetic dance improvised to the rhythms

of hip-hop; often danced competitively The origin of hip-hop is

credited to New York DJ Kool Herc who mixed in rhythmic

‘breakdown parts’ which dancers then interpreted US , 1983

breakdownnoun1a shotgunUS , 1994.2a noisy, rowdy partyJAMAICA ,

1996

break downverbto explain somethingUS , 1965

breakernoun1a citizens’ band radio user Usage extended from the

announcement of a citizens’ band radio user’s presence on a

wavebandUS , 1976.2in horse racing, a horse that starts a race with

a great burst of speedUS , 1982

breaker!; break!used for announcing your presence on citizens’

band radio Literally announcing someone who wishes to ‘break-in’

to the airwaves, often formulated with information on direction,

radio channel, road number or type of contact soughtUS , 1976

breakersnounin certain games of poker, cards that qualify a player

to open bettingUS , 1988

breakers ahead!used as a general purpose warning of impending

problems Of obvious nautical origin, from the cry of the

masthead lookoutUS , 1963

breakfast burritonounthe penisUK , 2003

breakfast clubnouna nightclub operating after other clubs close at

2am, staying open until the early morning when breakfast is

servedUS , 1954

breakfast of championsnoun1simultaneous, mutual oral sex

AUSTRALIA , 1985.2crack cocaine A new, ironic application for the

slogan used by Wheaties™ since the 1930s; adopted as the title of

a 1973 novel by Kurt Vonnegut Jr, and released as a film in 1999

UK , 1998.3beerUS , 1976

breakfast of losersnounmethaqualone, the recreational drug best

known as Quaaludes™ Punning on the slogan of a popular cereal

brand – ‘breakfast of champions’US , 1987

breakfast timenoun< to breakfast timeto eternityAUSTRALIA ,

1969

breakingnounbreak dancing, especially its gymnastic and acrobatic

aspectUS , 1984

break in the weathernounin betting on horse racing, a change of

luckAUSTRALIA , 1989

break intoverbto achieve an entrance into an occupation or

activityUS , 1899

break it off!give me your money!US , 1997

break looseverbin drag racing, to lose traction and spin the wheels

without movingUS , 1970

break-lucknouna prostitute’s first customer of the dayUS , 1993

break mannouna prison guard who orchestrates the opening of

cells in the morningUS , 1977

break outverbto leaveUS , 1997

breakupnounin Alaska, the season between winter and summerUS ,

1904

break upverbto cause someone to laugh uproariouslyUS , 1895

break your duckverbto do something for the first time A

figurative application of the cricketing term (to score at least one

run)UK , 1998

breast checknouna walk through a crowd in search of attractive

female breastsUS , 1995

breast jobnounsurgery to alter a woman’s breast sizeUS , 2002

breathenounin poker, to pass without bettingUS , 1988

breathernoun1in sports, a game against a weak opponent From

the conventional sense (a rest)US , 1945.2the noseUS , 1973.3a

person who derives sexual pleasure from telephoning someone

and breathing heavily when they answer the phoneUS , 1986.4in

trucking, the air intake pipe

breather crimpnouna virtually undetectable bend or crease put onto a playing card by a cheat or a conjuror, 2003

Breather Unounany college with a poor sports programme Humourous to those who attach importance to a college’s sports programmeUS , 1988

breath of Godnouncrack cocaineUS , 1997

brecknounbreakfastUS , 1983

breckonounbreakfastAUSTRALIA , 1983

breddanoun1a brother, a fellow black person Phonetic spelling of West Indian pronunciation West Indian and UK black, 1992.2a boy

JAMAICA , 2000

bredgienouna friend Originally black usage, now youth slangUK , 2002

bredren; bredrinnouna man’s friend; friends; a fellow youth gang member Conventional ‘brethren’ (‘brothers’, with religious and political overtones) adopted for everyday use by the West Indian and UK black communitiesUK , 1994

breenouna young womanUS , 1992

breednoun1a person of mixed ancestry, Indian and non-Indian

CANADA , 1956.2a person who is not whiteUS , 1992

breedverb< breed a scabto create troubleUS , 1941

breedernoun1from the homosexual point of view, a heterosexual Usually used as an insultUS , 1979.2any food that is believed to render a man potent and fecundJAMAICA , 2003

breezenoun1something that is achieved easily and quicklyUS , 1928.

2in horse racing, an easy pace during a workout or raceUS , 1951.

3an escape from prisonUS , 1948.4a prison sentence that is nearly completedUS , 1962.5a calm, collected personUS , 1992.6the air used in air brakesUS , 1939.7(of a car) powerUS , 1955.8used as a term of addressUS , 1966 8see:BALMY BREEZE

breezeverb1to move or go quickly; to move or go casually or without effort Generally before ‘along’,‘in’, ‘off’, ‘through’, etcUS ,

1907.2to succeed in achieving something without making a great effortUK , 2004.3to escape; to goUS , 1913.4in pool, to only barely glance the object ball with the cue ballUS , 1990

breeze offverbto stop working and relax in the shadeBELIZE , 1996

breezernoun1a fartAUSTRALIA , 1973.2a despised personUK , 2003

breezewaynounthe area in a prison where the most derelict of the convicts gatherUS , 1984

breezynouna young womanUS , 2004

breid and watternountalk, speechifying Glasgow rhyming slang forPATTER, on the Scottish pronunciation of ‘bread and water’UK , 1988

brekker; brekkersnounbreakfastUK , 1889

brekkie; brekkynounbreakfast ChildishUK , 1904

Brenda Bracelets; Brendanouna police officer; the police An example ofCAMPtrans-gender assignment, in this case as an alliterative play onBRACELETS(handcuffs) as stereotypical police equipmentUK , 1992

Brenda Frickersnounknickers Rhyming slang, formed on the name of the Irish actress (b.1945), best known for her film work

UK , 2003

Brenda skunk; Brendanouna hybrid variety of potent marijuana, 2002

brernouna fellow black man Old contraction of ‘brother’UK , 2000

bresslesnounpubic hairNORFOLK ISLAND , 1992

brewnoun1beer; a glass, bottle or can of beerUS , 1907.2a cup, mug

or pot of tea Tea is brewed by immersing tea leaves (loose or

bagged) in boiling waterAUSTRALIA , 1905.3an illicitly made alcoholic beverageAUSTRALIA , 1950.4a stewAUSTRALIA , 1957.5used as a male-to-male term of addressBERMUDA , 1985.6a Jewish person An abbrevi-ation of ‘Hebrew’US , 1997 8see:BURROO

brewverbto make and heat an injectable solution of heroin and waterUK , 1996

brewdog

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brewedadjectivedrunkUS , 1986

brewernouna prostitute who will allow sexual intercourse without a

condomUK , 1997

brewer’s droopnouna temporary inability to achieve an erect penis

caused by drinking too much alcohol, especially beerAUSTRALIA , 1970

brewhanouna glass, bottle or can of beerUS , 2001

brewski; brewskynounbeer; a serving of beer Mock PolishUS , 1978

brewsternouna beerUS , 1986

Brewster’snouna great deal of money; a fortune A reference to

Brewster’s Millions, 1945, remade 1985, a comedy flim about huge

amounts of moneyUK , 2001

brew upverbto make teaUK , 1916

briarnouna hacksaw bladeUS , 1950

briar patchnouna female’s pubic hairUS , 1967

bribenounin marketing, the initial, attractive offer to join a book or

music clubUS , 1986

bricknoun1a good man A term of approvalUK , 1840.2someone

with exceptionally good creditUS , 2001.3a person lacking social

skillsUS , 1968.4a profit made fraudulentlyUK , 1979.5a sentence of

ten years in jailAUSTRALIA , 1944.6a street tough personAUSTRALIA ,

1840.7a die that has been shaved on one faceUS , 1950.8in poker, a

drawn card that fails to improve the handUS , 1996.9ten cartons of

stolen cigarettesUS , 1982.10a carton of cigarettesUS , 1906.11a

kilogram of, usually compressed, marijuana, or, less commonly,

another drugUS , 1967.12marijuana From the sense as a

measure-ment of the drugUK , 1996.13crack cocaineUS , 2003.14an Australian

ten pound note; the sum of ten pounds From the colour of the

note After the introduction of decimal currency in 1966 the

meaning changed to either ‘twenty dollars’ (an equivalent value)

or, most commonly, ‘ten dollars’ (numerically the same) Neither

of the new notes were brick coloured and the term has all but

died outAUSTRALIA , 1914.15a pound sterling (£1)UK: SCOTLAND , 1988.

16a four-man infantry patrol Used by the British Army in

Northern IrelandUK , 1995.17an abandoned, partially consumed can

or bottle of beerUS , 2002

bricknicknamethe British Columbia Resources Investment

Corporation A near-abbreviationCANADA , 1979

brickverb1to have sex leaning against a brick wall for balance and

purchaseUK , 2001.2to cheat or defraud someoneUK , 1979.3to fail

to deliver as promisedUS , 1993.4to hurl bricks, rocks or other hard

objects A word commonly used in the 1960s in American cities

during events called ‘riots’ by the dominant power and ‘uprisings’

by leftistsUS , 1972.5to miss a shot; to failUS , 2001 < brick your

pantsto soil your underwear as a result of fear; to be very afraid

UK , 2005

brickedadjective1drug-intoxicatedUS , 1992.2in a court of law,

having an unsigned police statement used against youAUSTRALIA ,

1977

brickerverbto steal; to shopliftUK , 1970

brick gumnounheroinUK , 1998

brickhousenounin poker, a full house that is not the best hand An

allusion built on ‘brick’ as a ‘useless card’US , 1996

brick itverbto be very nervous or worried; to be thoroughly

frightened Variation ofSHIT IT UK , 1996

bricksnounin prison, the world outside the prison wallsUS , 1976.

< hit the bricks1to leave, especially to leave prisonUS , 1931.2to

go on strike; to be on strike Also variants ‘on the bricks’or ‘pound

the bricks’US , 1938 < to the bricksextremely, utterly, completly

US , 1928

bricks and clicksnouna business that combines trading from

tra-ditional business premises with e-commerce and Internet-only

customUK , 2000

bricks and mortarnoun1a house; houses, property Usually in

phrases like ‘his money’s in bricks and mortar’UK , 1855.2a

daughter Rhyming slangUK , 1960

brick shithousenouna woman, or rarely a homosexual man, with a

curvaceous figure; a powerfully built man Sometimes euphemised

bricktopnouna red-haired personUS , 1856

BricktopnicknameAda Smith de Conge, a singer, actress and Paris nightclub hostess (died 1984)US , 1952

brickweednounmarijuana that has been compressed into a brick for transportationUK , 2004

bricky; brickienouna bricklayerUK , 1880

Brickyardnicknamethe Indianapolis speedway The speedway was once faced with bricksUS , 1958

bridal suitenoun1a two-man prison cell A frank allusion to homo-sexual sex in prisonNEW ZEALAND , 1999.2a room where police assigned the late night shift can sleepUS , 1994

bridenoun1a model of good behaviourBARBADOS , 1965.2a prostitute

UK , 1981

bride’s nightienoun< like a bride’s nightieused as the epit-ome of quicknessAUSTRALIA , 1984

bride’s slidenounin backgammon, the customary play with a first roll of 6–5: moving a back man 11 pointsUS , 1976

bridgenoun1a holder for a marijuana cigarette A common term in the 1950s, largely supplanted byROACH CLIPin the 1960sUS , 1955.

2a slightly curved playing card, altered by a cheat to manipulate the cutting of a deckUS , 1991.3a pickpocket who reaches around the victim to pick their pocketUS , 1949.4a group of four in a restaurant or soda fountain An allusion to a bridge partyUS , 1967.

< under the bridgein a smuggling operation, across a border

US , 1956

bridge and tunneladjectivesaid of a resident of New Jersey who commutes to New York DisparagingUS , 1984

bridge bendernouna motor vehicle manufactured by VauxhallUK , 1981

bridge jumpernounin horse racing, a person who regularly bets on favourites and is distraught if the favourite does not winUS , 1951

bridge monkey; bridge stiffnounon the railways, a bridge construction workerUS , 1977

Bridge of Sighsnicknamean overpass connecting the New York City jail with the criminal court building A borrowing from Venice’s Ponte de Sospiri, romanticised by Lord ByronUS , 1955

bridgesnounbridge tolls for which a truck driver is paid in advance

or reimbursedUS , 1963

briefnoun1a solicitor, a barrister or other legal representative of an accused person From an earlier sense (the legal case presented to

a barrister)UK , 1977.2a warrant to search or arrest someone; a Metropolitan Police warrant-cardUK , 1970.3a ticket for any purpose

UK , 1937.4a playing card that has been trimmed slightly so that a cheat can locate it within a deck by feelUS , 1988

brignouna Brigadier; also, until the rank was abolished, a Brigadier General MilitaryUK , 1899

briggityadjectivearrogant, vain, stubbornUS , 1884

brightnoun1morningUS , 1941.2a light-complexioned black person

US , 1976

brightadjective(of skin) light-colouredBAHAMAS , 1982

bright and frisky; bright ’n’ frisky; Brightonnounwhisky Rhyming slang, probably as a deliberate variation of the earlier ‘gay and frisky’ reflecting the shift in the meaning of ‘gay’; it is interesting to note therefore that the contraction ‘Brighton’ also has rhyming slang noun and adjective senses (homosexual), and that Brighton is regarded as one of the UK’s centres of homosex-ual cultureUK , 1969

bright diseasenounthe condition of knowing too much for your own goodUS , 1953

bright-eyed and bushy-tailedadjectivealert and enthusiastic, lively

US , 1942

bright eyesnoun1a lookout during a criminal ventureUS , 1956.2the high beam setting on headlightsUS , 1977

brightlight teamnounin Vietnam, a small group from the special forces sent to rescue American prisoners of war

Trang 6

Brighton bucketnoun< like a Brighton bucketwithout

recognising someone when you pass them in the street An image

of the pitch buckets on a conveyor system at the Brighton pier,

passing each other on beltsTRINIDAD AND TOBAGO , 1987

Brighton pierverbto disappear Rhyming slangUK , 1998

Brighton pier; brightonadjective(especially of a man) homosexual

Rhyming slang forQUEER(homosexual) Earlier use of the same

rhyme meant ‘unwell’ or ‘peculiar’, the meaning shifting with the

sense of ‘queer’; possibly also influenced by the reputation of

Brighton as a centre for gay society and cultureUK , 1960

Brighton rocknounthe penis Rhyming slang forCOCK, and a visual

pun on a long pink sweet that is made to be sucked Similarly

sweet references to the male anatomy can be found atALMOND

ROCK, BLACKPOOL ROCKandSTICK OF ROCK UK , 1992

brightsnounwhite socksUS , 1969

Bright’s DiseasenicknameBright’s Wine™, a brand of cheap wine,

grown and processed in Niagara, OntarioCANADA , 2001

bright sparknouna cheerful, energetic personNEW ZEALAND , 2002

bright spotnounin oil drilling, an area that has indications of a

pro-ductive fieldUS , 1997

bright, white and dead whiteadjective 8see:LIGHT, BRIGHT,

DAMN NEAR WHITE

brightyadjectivevery smartUS , 1945

brig ratnouna prisonerUS , 1942

brill; brillsadjectiveexcellent, marvellous An abbreviation of

‘brilliant’; also used as exclamation Military usage possibly

pre-dates modern slang by several decadesUK , 1979

brilliantadjectivewonderful, excellentUK , 1979

brimnoun1any hatUS , 1965.2a straw hatBAHAMAS , 1982

brimsnounidentical hats worn by members of a youth gangUS , 1982

brimsonnouna braggart; a fantasist English gypsy useUK , 2000

bringverbto compel someone to do something.US , 1972 < bring it

inin poker, to make the first bet of a handUS , 1990 < bring it on

used for challenging an opponent to begin a competitionUS , 1998.

< bring peeto frighten someone severely Vietnam war usage

US , 1966 < bring smoke1to call for an artillery barrageUS , 1990.

2by extension, to reprimand someone in harsh, profane tonesUS ,

1968 < bring someone to bookto bring someone to account;

to cause someone to face authority, investigation or judgementUK ,

1804

bring-a-plateadjective(of a party or the like) partially self-catered

AUSTRALIA , 1979

bringdownnounan event or person that discourages or depresses

youUS , 1939

bring downverbto depress someone, to deflate someoneUS , 1935

bring it awayverbto effect an abortion The ‘it’ in question is the

foetusUK , 1984

bring it, don’t sing it!used to invite action instead of wordsUS ,

1998

bring offverb1to achieve an intended outcome, to be successful in

making something happenUK , 1928.2to induce and achieve an

orgasmUK , 1984

bring onverbto excite someone sexuallyUK , 1961

bring on the dancing girls!a facetious call for an exciting

spectacle that is used as a register of boredomUK , 1984

bring outverbto introduce someone to homosexuality, to awaken

in someone their homosexualityUS , 1941

bring upverb1to vomitUK , 1719.2to try someone on a criminal

chargeUS , 1823

brinnynouna stone, especially a small stone or pebble that is used

for throwing Probably from an Australian Aboriginal language

AUSTRALIA , 1943

Bris; Brissie; Brizzienoun Brisbane AUSTRALIA , 1945

BrishadjectiveBritish From a drunken slurring; especially in Sydney

brisketnounthe female breast A butcher’s pun describing the cut

of breast meat next to the ribsUK , 1979

bristolnounin tiddlywinks, a shot that moves both the player’s wink and an opponent’s, the manoeuvre starting and finishing with the player’s wink sitting on the opponent’s The manoeuvre, dating from the 1960s, is credited eponymously to Bristol University Tiddlywinks SocietyUK , 1980

Bristol City; bristolnoun the female breast Rhyming slang: Bristol City Football Club andTITTY(a breast); supported by an alliterative connection between ‘breast’ and ‘brist’; usually in the pluralUK , 1960

Bris-vegasnicknameBrisbaneAUSTRALIA , 2003

Britnoun a Briton UK , 1901

Britadjective British An abbreviation, usually as a prefix Usages include: Britflick (a UK film), Britlit (new UK writing) and britpulp!

(an anthology of short-stories)AUSTRALIA , 1971

britchnouna side trouser pocketUS , 1950

britchesnounin Newfoundland, the sac of codfish eggs found in the pregnant femaleCANADA , 1975

Brit hopnounBritish hip-hopUK , 1999

British diseasenouna strike or work stoppageNEW ZEALAND , 1984

British Standard Handfulnounthe average female breast A play

on standards established by the British Standards InstituteUK , 1977

BritlandnicknameBritainUK , 2002

Britney Spear; britneynouna year Rhyming slang, formed on the name of popular US entertainer Britney SpearsUK , 2004

Britney Spears; Britneysnounbeers Popney rhyming slang, based

on the name of popular entertainer Britney Spears (born 1981)

Popney was contrived for www.music365.co.uk, an Internet music

siteUK , 2001

Britpopnoun a loose categorisation of contemporary British popular

musicUK , 1999

brittleadjective(used of a computer program) functional, but easily rendered dysfunctional by changes or external stimuli which should not have the effect they haveUS , 1991

Brixton briefcasenouna large portable stereo system associated, stereotypically, with black youth cultureUK , 1990

bronoun a brother, in the sense of a fellow in a given situation or

condition; especially of a fellow black; also of a fellow student in

UK public school usageUS , 1957

broachverbto inject an illegal drugUS , 1992

broadnoun1a woman Somewhere between derogatory and so old-fashioned as to be charming in a hopeless wayUS , 1911.2a male homosexual who plays the passive sexual roleUS , 1984.3in a deck

of playing cards, a queenUK , 1781.4an identity card; any paper of identification, insurance book, etcUK , 1950.5a credit card Extended from the previous senseUK , 1977

broadcastverbto engage in conversationUS , 1959

broadienoun1a woman A slightly embellishedBROAD US , 1932.2the movement of a surfer across the face of a waveSOUTH AFRICA , 1965

broad jointnouna bar where prostitutes are available along with the drinksUS , 1956

broadsnounplaying cardsUK , 1781

broadskinouna womanUS , 1967

broad squadnounin prison, a group of homosexual menUS , 1990

broad tossernounthe operator of a three-card monte game swindle

US , 1980

Broadwaynounin poker, a five-card sequence ending with an ace as the highest card of the sequenceUS , 1988

Broadway Arabnouna Jewish personUS , 1946

broccolinounmarijuanaUS , 1969

brocklyadjectivemuscular A vegetable pun, alluding to professional wrestler Brock Lesnar

Trang 7

Brodie; Brodynoun1a fall or leap from a great height An allusion

to Steve Brodie, a New York bookmaker who in 1886 claimed to

have survived a leap from the Brooklyn Bridge and then opened a

tavern which succeeded as a result of the publicity surrounding his

claimed leapUS , 1899.2a feigned drug withdrawal spasmUS , 1936.3a

failure to perform as expectedCANADA , 1976.4a play that is a

complete failureUS , 1973.5a skid, usually controlledUS , 1953

broformnouna retail discount given to friends Snowboarder’s slang;

conflatesBRO(a friend) with ‘proform’ (a discount given to

pro-fessionals)US , 1995

brogansnounheavy work shoes From the Gaelic During the US

Civil War, the sturdy and durable leather shoes issued to

infantrymen were nicknamed Brogans or Jefferson BootiesUS , 1835

brogesnounwork shoes An abbreviation ofBROGANS US , 1990

bro-ingnounin market research, the testing of fashion prototypes in

inner-city, predominantly black neighbourhoods FromBRO(a

fellow black) in a sense that categorises a target customerUS , 2001

brojanounheroin, 2002

brokverbto depart, to leave Urban youth slang, probably derived

from conventional ‘break’ in a similar sense toSPLIT UK , 2006

brokeadjectivehaving little or no money, bankrupt A variant of

con-ventional ‘broken’ used in this sense from C16UK , 1661 < go for

broketo make the utmost effort to achieve a desired endUS , 1951

broke dicknouna nonfunctioning piece of hardwareUS , 1988

broke-downnouna brawlBAHAMAS , 1995

broke moneynouna small amount of money given to a gambler

who has lost his entire bankrollUS , 1950

brokenadjective1in the bleed period of the menstrual cycleUS , 2001.

2depressed, acting oddlyUS , 1981

broken arrownoun1an accident involving nuclear weaponsUS , 1980.

2in computing, an error code on line 25 of a 3270 terminalUS ,

1991

broken arsenouna person who has been completely subjugated

Prison usageNEW ZEALAND , 1999

broken knucklesnounsleeping quarters on a trainUS , 1946

broken railnounan older, physically run-down railway workerUS , 1977

broken wristnounan effeminate male homosexualUS , 1968

brokernouna drug dealerUS , 1962

broketnounon a computer keyboard, the characters <and> A

contraction of ‘broken bracket’US , 1983

brollynounan umbrellaUK , 1874

brolyadjectiveconforming to surfer etiquetteUS , 1991

bro-mannounused as a male-to-male term of addressBAHAMAS , 1982

broncnounin oil drilling, an inexperienced drillerUS , 1954

bronchverbto use a bronchoscope Medical useUK , 1980

bronconouna young male recently initiated into homosexual sexUS ,

1967

bronc stompernouna cowboy who specialises in the breaking of

horses, i.e getting them to accept bridle, bit and saddleCANADA ,

1954

bronskiverbto sandwich a face between female breastsUS , 1995

Bronsonnouncocaine From the infamous UK criminal Charlie

Bronson (b.1952), withCHARLIEleading to ‘cocaine’UK , 2001

Bronx BullnicknameJake LaMotta (b.1921), a middleweight boxer

who fiercely made his presence felt in the ring in the 1940s and

1950sUS , 1952

Bronx cheernouna combination of booing and a derisory farting

noise, expressing disgustUS , 1922

bronze; bronza; bronzer; bronzonounthe anus; the buttocks

Probably derives as a shade of brownAUSTRALIA , 1953

bronze Johnnounthe sunUS , 1954

Bronzevillenouna city neighbourhood with a largely black

popu-bronze-wingnouna person of part-Aboriginal and part white descent From the colour of a bronze-wing pigeonAUSTRALIA , 1956

bronzie; branzynouna sun tan; bronzed skinUK , 1987

bronzie machinenouna tanning machineUK , 2002

broonounthe employment exchange; unemployment benefit The Scots shortened form of ‘bureau’UK , 1998

BrookolinonicknameBrooklyn, New YorkUS , 1982

broomnoun1the person who is assigned to or takes it upon himself to keep a workplace neat Sometimes embellished to

‘broom man’US , 1973.2a hatUS , 1960

broomverb1to travelUK , 1921.2to run away, to leaveUK , 1821

broomienounin sheep-shearing, a person employed to keep the shearing floor swept clean Extended from a conventional ‘broom’; also known and used by New Zealand sheep-shearersAUSTRALIA , 1895

broom stacknouna truck exhaust stack that is flaming or smoking

US , 1961

broomsticknounin electric line work, a phase spacer used for keeping phases from contacting each other midspanUS , 1980

broostedadjectiverich; having achieved great wealth Extended from

BREWSTER’S(a great deal of money)UK , 2002

bros before hoesused as a rallying cry for the precedence of male friendship over relationships with females Sometimes seen as the abbreviation BBHUS , 2004

broski; browskinounused as a male-to-male term of address Doing toBROwhat was done toBREW US , 1997

brothel creepernouna patron of brothelsUS , 1977

brothel creepersnounsuede-topped, crepe-soled shoes, either of the style also known as desert boots or the thick-soled variety favoured by Teddy Boys Originally military, from World War 2; the etymology appears to be obvious, certainly the early types of these shoes allowed for silent movementUK , 1954

brothel spoutnouna prostitute who is physically and emotionally worn out by her workUS , 1993

brothernoun1a black manUS , 1910.2a fellow member of a countercultural or underground political movementUS , 1968.3in carnival usage, a woman’s husband or loverUS , 1981.4heroin A rare variant on the commonBOY US , 1990

Brother Andre’s Last Erectionnicknamethe Oratory near the top

of the mountain in Montreal Brother Andre was a poor priest whose charisma made him widely known in Quebec as a healer;

he raised funds to build the mammoth St Joseph’s Oratory, and slept in an anteroom as caretakerCANADA , 1990

brother BennounBenzedrine™ (amphetamine sulphate), a central nervous system stimulant, or another central nervous system stimulantUS , 1971

Brother Jonathannicknamethe United StatesCANADA , 1962

brother mannounused as a term of address to establish solidarity, among black menUS , 1974

broth of a boynouna boy or man who represents the absolute quintessence of what a boy or man should be The earliest

recorded instance is in Byron’s Don Juan, 1822; however modern

usage is mainly IrishUK , 1822

brought downadjectivein a sad or suddenly depressed state of mind, especially after drug useUS , 1946

brownnoun1the anus and/or rectumUS , 1916.2faecesIRELAND , 1991.

3anal sex; an act of anal intercourseUK , 1894.4heroin, especially if only partially refinedUS , 1962.5darker coloured hashishUS , 1981.

6an amphetamine tabletUS , 1972

brownverb1to perform anal sex upon someoneUS , 1933.2to force others to behave in an obsequious, sycophantic mannerUK , 1998

brownadjective1(of behaviour) obsequious, sycophantic As in

BROWN NOSE(a sycophant); extends from an image of submissive homage to another’s backsideUK: SCOTLAND , 1988.2used for describing sexual activities involving excrementUK , 2002.3(of a

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