ỘI DUNG TÀI LIỆU READING "MASTER KEY ENGLISH" Chủ đề trọng yếu bao gồm: ✅ Công nghệ: AI, blockchain, metaverse, tác động của mạng xã hội. ✅ Môi trường: Biến đổi khí hậu, năng lượng tái tạo, zero-waste lifestyle. ✅ Thiên nhiên: Đa dạng sinh học, động vật có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng, phục hồi rừng. ✅ Xã hội: Toàn cầu hóa, work-life balance, giáo dục trực tuyến.
Trang 1Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
GLOBAL URBANISATION
Global urbanization has been accelerating over the past few decades, with more than half of the world's population now living in urban areas This trend is expected to continue, with projections suggesting that by 2050, nearly 70% of people will reside in cities This shift has been driven by multiple factors,
including economic opportunities, better access to healthcare and education, and the desire for a higher standard of living
One of the primary drivers of urbanization is rural-to-urban migration In many developing countries, people move to cities in search of better job prospects Cities tend to offer more diverse employment
opportunities compared to rural areas, where agriculture remains the dominant source of income
Additionally, cities provide improved infrastructure, including transportation, healthcare facilities, and educational institutions, which attract migrants seeking better living conditions
However, rapid urbanization also presents significant challenges Many cities, especially in
developing nations, struggle to provide adequate housing, sanitation, and public services to the growing population Overcrowding often leads to the development of informal settlements or slums, where living conditions are poor, and access to essential services is limited Environmental concerns, such as air pollution and waste management, also become more pronounced with urban growth
To address these issues, city planners and governments are looking for sustainable solutions Urban planning initiatives that focus on affordable housing, efficient public transport, and green spaces are
essential for creating livable cities By promoting sustainable development, cities can ensure that
urbanization benefits all residents while minimizing its negative impacts
Questions:
1 Where would the following sentence best fit in the passage?
"Furthermore, rural areas often lack access to essential services, prompting people to seek a better life in cities."
A After the first sentence of paragraph 1 B At the beginning of paragraph 2
C At the end of paragraph 2 D Before the last sentence of paragraph 3
2 What does the word "dominant" in paragraph 2 mean?
3 What does "these issues" in paragraph 4 refer to?
A Improved infrastructure B Challenges of urbanization
C Economic opportunities D Benefits of urban growth
4 Which of the following is mentioned as a benefit of urban areas compared to rural areas?
A More agricultural activities B Improved access to healthcare and education
C Lower cost of living D Higher rates of pollution
5 What is the main idea of the passage?
A The advantages and challenges of global urbanization
B The benefits of rural development over urban growth
C The history of urban planning around the world
D The economic impact of agriculture on cities
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the second sentence of paragraph 3?
A Growing cities cannot accommodate new residents and have trouble providing essential services
B Urban areas can easily handle the needs of their expanding populations
C The growth of cities in developing countries does not affect public services
D Many cities have solved the issues of overcrowding and sanitation
7 What is the opposite of "overcrowding" as used in paragraph 3?
A Congestion B Expansion C Underpopulation D Density
8 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a challenge caused by rapid urbanization?
A Lack of affordable housing B Poor transportation infrastructure
C Limited access to public services D Environmental concerns
9 What can be inferred from the passage about the future of urbanization?
A Urbanization is expected to slow down by 2050
Trang 2B Rural areas will develop faster than urban areas
C Cities need to adopt sustainable solutions to manage urban growth
D Job opportunities in rural areas will surpass those in cities
10 Which of the following best summarizes the passage?
A Urbanization has improved the quality of life for all city residents
B Despite the benefits of urbanization, rapid urban growth presents serious challenges that require
sustainable solutions
C Rural migration is the only reason for the increasing population in cities
D Urbanization negatively impacts the environment without any benefits
Answers and Explanations:
1 B - The sentence would fit at the beginning of paragraph 2 to introduce why rural residents move to
cities
2 C - "Dominant" means leading or most important
3 B - "These issues" refers to challenges such as inadequate housing and sanitation
4 B - Improved healthcare and education are listed as benefits of urban living
5 A - The passage discusses both the benefits and challenges of urbanization
6 A - The paraphrased sentence highlights the difficulty cities face in accommodating new residents
7 C - The opposite of overcrowding is underpopulation
8 B - Poor transportation infrastructure is not explicitly mentioned as a challenge
9 C - The passage suggests the need for sustainable solutions to handle future urban growth
10 B - The passage concludes that urban growth has benefits but also serious challenges that need to be
addressed sustainably
Trang 3Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct
answer to each of the following questions
ADOPT TO GLOBAL EXCHANGE
Passage: In today's interconnected world, global exchange has become an essential part of modern
economies From the trade of goods and services to the exchange of ideas and cultures, the process of globalization influences almost every aspect of daily life Companies, governments, and individuals must adapt to these changes to thrive in a competitive environment
One of the major drivers of global exchange is technological advancement The Internet, in particular, has enabled businesses to reach customers across borders, facilitating international trade For example, small businesses can now sell products online to consumers in different countries without the need for physical stores This shift has not only expanded market access but also increased competition
However, adapting to global exchange is not without challenges Companies must deal with diverse
regulations, cultural differences, and fluctuating exchange rates Additionally, they need to innovate
constantly to stay relevant in a dynamic global market Businesses that fail to adapt risk being outperformed
by their more agile competitors
Governments also play a vital role in managing the impact of globalization Policies that promote education and skills training can help workers prepare for jobs in a globalized economy Meanwhile, trade agreements can open new markets and create economic opportunities for countries that actively participate in global exchange
To succeed in this era of global interconnectedness, adaptability is key Companies, individuals, and nations that embrace change and seek to understand global markets will be better equipped to handle the
complexities of international exchange
Questions:
1 Where would the following sentence best fit in the passage?
"Moreover, companies must navigate legal requirements that differ from one country to another."
A At the beginning of paragraph 2 B After the first sentence of paragraph 3
C At the end of paragraph 4 D After the last sentence of paragraph 5
2 What does the word "agile" in paragraph 3 mean?
3 What does "they" in paragraph 3 refer to?
A Regulations B Companies C Exchange rates D Markets
4 Which of the following is mentioned as a factor that has facilitated global exchange?
A Improved infrastructure B International travel
C Technological advancement D Reduced taxes
5 What is the main idea of the passage?
A The advantages of local businesses over global corporations
B The challenges and opportunities of global exchange in a connected world
C The role of governments in restricting international trade
D The history of global trade agreements
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the third sentence of paragraph 2?
A Businesses can reach customers in different countries by establishing physical stores
B Small businesses can compete internationally without needing a physical presence
C Only large businesses can benefit from international trade through online platforms
D The Internet has limited the ability of businesses to trade across borders
7 What is the opposite of "dynamic" as used in paragraph 3?
8 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a challenge of adapting to global exchange?
A Cultural differences B Legal regulations C Increased competition
D High costs of setting up physical stores
9 What can be inferred from the passage about businesses that are successful in global markets?
A They rely solely on traditional marketing methods
B They adapt quickly to changes and challenges
C They avoid selling products in foreign countries
Trang 4D They focus only on local customers
10 Which of the following best summarizes the passage?
A Adapting to global exchange requires businesses to embrace technology, overcome challenges, and be agile to succeed
B Global exchange is mainly driven by government policies that limit trade between countries
C Small businesses cannot compete in a global market without large physical stores
D The Internet has made it difficult for companies to sell products across borders
Answers and Explanations:
1 B - The sentence fits after the first sentence of paragraph 3, discussing the challenges companies face
2 A - "Agile" means efficient or quick-moving
3 B - "They" refers to companies that need to adapt
4 C - Technological advancement, especially the Internet, is a factor that facilitates global exchange
5 B - The passage discusses both challenges and opportunities of global exchange
6 B - The sentence is rephrased to convey that businesses can reach international markets without needing a
physical presence
7 C - The opposite of "dynamic" (active and changing) is "rigid" (unmoving)
8 D - The high costs of physical stores are not mentioned as a challenge in the passage
9 B - Successful businesses are adaptable and can handle changes in the global market
10 A - The summary captures the need for adaptability and overcoming challenges to succeed in global
exchange
Trang 5Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
THE 4.0 TECHNOLOGY REVOLUTION
The term "4.0 technology" refers to the Fourth Industrial Revolution, characterized by the fusion of
advanced technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, the Internet of Things (IoT), and big data Unlike previous industrial revolutions, which focused on mechanical production, electricity, and digital technology, this era emphasizes intelligent systems that are capable of learning, adapting, and even making decisions The integration of these technologies has transformed industries, from manufacturing to
healthcare, bringing about significant changes in how we live and work
One of the most notable aspects of the 4.0 technology revolution is the development of smart factories In these environments, machines and equipment are interconnected and communicate with each other through IoT, enabling them to operate autonomously For example, sensors can monitor machinery performance and predict when maintenance is needed, reducing downtime and enhancing productivity This shift towards automation has raised concerns about job displacement, but it also presents new opportunities for the
creation of tech-related roles
Moreover, AI and machine learning are playing a crucial role in revolutionizing various sectors In
healthcare, AI can analyze vast amounts of patient data to provide more accurate diagnoses and personalized treatment plans In agriculture, smart sensors can monitor soil conditions, helping farmers optimize their crop yields While these advances are exciting, there are still ethical concerns, particularly regarding privacy and data security, that need to be addressed
As we continue to move forward with the 4.0 technology revolution, it's clear that adaptability and
innovation will be key to success Companies, governments, and individuals must be willing to embrace these technologies and find ways to leverage their benefits while minimizing risks
Questions:
1 here would the following sentence best fit in the passage?
"This ability to foresee potential issues helps companies save both time and money."
A At the beginning of paragraph 2 B After the second sentence of paragraph 2
C At the end of paragraph 3 D After the last sentence of paragraph 1
2 What does the word "fusion" in paragraph 1 mean?
A separation B combination C disruption D invention
3 What does "these advances" in paragraph 3 refer to?
A smart sensors and devices B ethical concerns
C developments in AI and machine learning D job displacement issues
4 According to the passage, what is one benefit of smart factories?
A Reduction of employee salaries B Enhanced communication between different companies
C Improved machine performance through predictive maintenance
D Elimination of all production-related errors
5 What is the main idea of the passage?
A The 4.0 technology revolution focuses only on improving the manufacturing industry
B Technological advancements have brought about ethical concerns that must be resolved
C The 4.0 technology revolution has integrated advanced systems to transform various sectors
D The previous industrial revolutions were more effective than the current one
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the third sentence of paragraph 2?
A Machines in smart factories rely solely on human control to operate effectively
B Equipment in smart factories can communicate through IoT to function without human intervention
C Smart factories use human workers to monitor and control machines through the Internet
D Machines in factories work independently, completely isolated from each other
7 What is the opposite of "autonomously" as used in paragraph 2?
A independently B manually C efficiently D rapidly
8 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a sector influenced by 4.0 technology in the passage?
A Agriculture B Healthcare C Education D Manufacturing
9 What can be inferred about the future of jobs in the era of 4.0 technology?
A All traditional jobs will be replaced by automated systems
Trang 6B New tech-related roles are likely to emerge alongside job displacement
C There will be fewer opportunities for people to work in the technology sector
D Only manual labor jobs are at risk of being automated
10 Which of the following best summarizes the passage?
A The Fourth Industrial Revolution is driven by digital and intelligent systems that impact multiple
industries, requiring adaptation to manage both opportunities and challenges
B The 4.0 technology revolution focuses on reducing the number of jobs available in industries through automation
C Advances in AI and IoT have eliminated all production issues in smart factories
D The integration of advanced technologies has caused more problems than benefits for modern industries
Answers and Explanations:
1 B - The sentence logically follows the discussion on predictive maintenance in smart factories
2 B - "Fusion" means combination or merging
3 C - "These advances" refers to the developments in AI and machine learning that are transforming
industries
4 C - Predictive maintenance through IoT is a key benefit of smart factories mentioned in paragraph 2
5 C - The passage discusses how the 4.0 technology revolution integrates advanced systems to transform
different sectors
6 B - The sentence is paraphrased to highlight that machines communicate via IoT to function
autonomously
7 B - "Autonomously" means operating independently, so the opposite is "manually," which implies human
control
8 C - Education is not mentioned as a sector influenced by 4.0 technology in the passage
9 B - It can be inferred that while some jobs may be displaced, new tech-related roles will likely emerge
10 A - This summary accurately captures the main points about the impact of the 4.0 technology
revolution across industries
Trang 7Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has rapidly grown in recent years, bringing advancements that have transformed multiple industries, including healthcare, finance, and manufacturing However, despite its many benefits, AI also poses significant risks and negative impacts that society needs to address One of the major concerns is the potential for widespread job displacement As AI systems and machines become more capable of performing tasks traditionally done by humans, there is a growing fear that many workers will lose their jobs For instance, automated systems are now handling tasks such as data entry, customer service, and even complex decision-making processes, which could lead to higher unemployment rates
Another issue is the ethical concern related to the use of AI In many cases, AI algorithms are used to make decisions that can significantly impact people's lives, such as loan approvals, hiring processes, or even criminal justice decisions These algorithms often lack transparency, making it difficult to understand how decisions are made Moreover, if the data used to train AI systems are biased, the AI may reinforce and perpetuate those biases, leading to unfair and discriminatory outcomes
Additionally, the development and deployment of AI have raised security concerns Hackers can exploit AI systems to create sophisticated cyberattacks, making it harder to detect and defend against
security breaches The use of AI in surveillance has also sparked debates about privacy, as AI-powered cameras can track individuals' movements and behaviors without their knowledge or consent
Addressing the negative impacts of AI requires a collaborative effort between governments,
companies, and researchers It is crucial to implement regulations and ethical guidelines to ensure that AI technologies are developed and used responsibly While AI has the potential to bring numerous benefits, careful consideration must be given to its risks to minimize harm and promote a fair and secure future
Questions:
1 here would the following sentence best fit in the passage?
"This, in turn, can result in a lack of trust in these systems."
A After the first sentence of paragraph 1 B After the last sentence of paragraph 2
C After the third sentence of paragraph 2 D At the end of paragraph 3
2 What does the word "displacement" in paragraph 1 mean?
3 What does "those biases" in paragraph 2 refer to?
A ethical guidelines B data flaws C traditional jobs D AI decisions
4 According to the passage, how might AI negatively affect employment?
A By creating new job opportunities in technology
B By replacing human workers with automated systems
C By enhancing the accuracy of customer service
D By improving the efficiency of data entry tasks
5 What is the main idea of the passage?
A AI is leading to rapid developments in various industries
B AI presents several benefits but also poses risks that must be managed
C AI has primarily positive impacts, transforming the workforce and security
D The development of AI should be halted due to its ethical and security issues
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the last sentence of paragraph 1?
A Machines now manage tasks like data entry, which reduces the workload for humans
B Automation in areas such as customer service may lead to an increase in job availability
C Tasks such as data entry and customer service are being automated, potentially causing higher
unemployment
D The complexity of AI systems requires human workers to perform tasks like customer service
7 What is the opposite of "sophisticated" as used in paragraph 3?
8 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a concern related to AI in the passage?
A Job displacement B Ethical issues C Economic growth D Security risks
9 What can be inferred about the future of AI development from the passage?
Trang 8A AI will eventually replace all human jobs in every industry
B Strict regulations are necessary to ensure the ethical use of AI
C AI is unlikely to affect sectors beyond manufacturing
D Security risks related to AI are easily manageable without regulation
10 Which of the following best summarizes the passage?
A AI has introduced new job opportunities, improved decision-making, and advanced security systems
B The advancement of AI comes with challenges such as job loss, ethical concerns, and security issues that must be addressed to ensure a balanced future
C AI has been criticized for causing more problems than benefits, especially in data management
D The best solution to AI challenges is to ban its development and use altogether
Answers and Explanations:
1 C - The sentence fits best after the mention of transparency and bias issues in AI algorithms
2 B - "Displacement" means removal or replacement in the context of job loss
3 B - "Those biases" refers to the biases present in the data used to train AI systems
4 B - AI systems can replace human workers, leading to potential job loss
5 B - The passage discusses both the benefits and risks associated with AI and the need to manage these
risks
6 C - This paraphrasing accurately reflects the negative impact of automation on employment
7 A - "Sophisticated" means complex and advanced, so the opposite is "simple."
8 C - Economic growth is not mentioned as a concern; the passage focuses on job, ethical, and security
issues
9 B - The passage suggests that regulations are needed to address ethical concerns and security risks
10 B - This summary captures the key points about the challenges and necessary actions for the future
of AI
Trang 9Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions
LIVING IN A MULTICULTURAL WORLD
In today's globalized society, we live in a multicultural world where different cultures, traditions, and languages mix and interact This phenomenon is most apparent in cities, where people from diverse
backgrounds coexist, bringing their unique customs, values, and lifestyles Living in such a world has both advantages and challenges On one hand, multiculturalism fosters open-mindedness, tolerance, and
creativity It allows people to experience and appreciate different ways of life, expanding their perspectives
On the other hand, it can lead to misunderstandings, prejudice, and even conflict if people are not open to understanding others' differences
One significant benefit of multiculturalism is the opportunity for cultural exchange When people from different backgrounds share their traditions, it leads to a richer and more diverse community For instance, in a multicultural city, one can enjoy a variety of cuisines, attend different cultural festivals, and learn new languages This exchange promotes mutual respect and understanding among people, which is crucial for building a harmonious society
However, there are also potential downsides Sometimes, cultural differences can create barriers to communication, and people might struggle to integrate into a society that is different from their own This can lead to the formation of ethnic enclaves, where people from the same cultural background isolate
themselves, limiting interaction with the broader community Additionally, there can be instances of
discrimination and xenophobia, where certain groups are treated unfairly because of their culture or
ethnicity
To truly benefit from a multicultural world, it is essential to encourage inclusivity and understanding Governments, educational institutions, and individuals must work together to create environments that promote cultural awareness and respect This includes educational programs that teach about different cultures, as well as policies that address discrimination and promote equality
Questions:
1 Where would the following sentence best fit in the passage?
"These interactions can enrich the local culture, making it more vibrant and dynamic."
A After the first sentence of paragraph 1 B After the second sentence of paragraph 2
C After the last sentence of paragraph 3 D At the end of paragraph 4
2 What does the word "fosters" in paragraph 1 mean?
3 What does "This exchange" in paragraph 2 refer to?
A cultural festivals B the opportunity for cultural exchange
C living in cities D challenges of multiculturalism
4 According to the passage, what is one benefit of living in a multicultural society?
A Limited job opportunities B Increased open-mindedness and tolerance
C Higher rates of prejudice D Better integration of people from the same background
5 What is the main idea of the passage?
A Multiculturalism in cities leads to more conflicts than benefits
B A multicultural world provides opportunities for cultural exchange but also has challenges that need to be addressed
C People from different backgrounds should not mix to avoid misunderstandings
D Multicultural societies only exist in urban areas
6 Which of the following best paraphrases the sentence "Living in such a world has both advantages and challenges." from paragraph 1?
A A multicultural society has mostly benefits
B There are both positive and negative aspects to living in a diverse society
C Living in a multicultural society leads to many problems
D Advantages of a multicultural world outweigh the challenges
7 What is the opposite of "inclusivity" as used in the last paragraph?
A exclusivity B cooperation C generosity D acceptance
8 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a challenge of multiculturalism?
Trang 10A Communication barriers B Formation of ethnic enclaves
9 What can be inferred about the role of education in a multicultural society?
A It is unnecessary to teach about other cultures
B Educational programs can help promote understanding and inclusivity
C Schools should focus solely on local culture
D Learning about different cultures can lead to more conflicts
10 Which of the following best summarizes the passage?
A Multiculturalism in modern society is a cause of many problems and should be avoided
B The benefits of cultural exchange outweigh the challenges, and efforts should be made to promote inclusivity and understanding
C A multicultural world is an inevitable result of globalization and requires people to avoid differences
D Living in a multicultural world means accepting cultural isolation as a solution to integration issues
Answers and Explanations:
1 B - The sentence about interactions enriching local culture fits well in the context of cultural exchange in
paragraph 2
2 B - "Fosters" means to develop or encourage, which fits with promoting open-mindedness
3 B - "This exchange" refers to the opportunity for cultural exchange mentioned earlier in the paragraph
4 B - The passage mentions open-mindedness and tolerance as benefits of multiculturalism
5 B - The passage discusses both the positive and negative aspects of a multicultural world and how they
need to be addressed
6 B - This paraphrasing accurately reflects that multicultural societies have both benefits and challenges
7 A - The opposite of inclusivity (involving everyone) is exclusivity (excluding others)
8 C - The passage does not mention unemployment as a challenge related to multiculturalism
9 B - The passage suggests that education can help promote cultural awareness and inclusivity
10 B - This summary captures the passage's focus on the benefits of cultural exchange and the need to
promote inclusivity and understanding