ABBREVIATIONS Adjective English for Academic Purposes English for Business and Economies Example Inglish for General Business Purpose Enghsh Language Teaching English for Occupationa
DEVELOPMENT
Theoretical background T Translation theory
This chapter will provide a detailed analysis of popular strategies for translating procurement terms, which encompass single words, compound words, phrases, and abbreviations Building on the theoretical background discussed earlier, it aims to enhance readers' understanding of new concepts in this field.
1 The strategy applied in the translation of single terms
Various strategies are employed for translating individual terms, but this paper focuses on one of the most popular methods: recognized translation, due to constraints of time and expertise.
Translating words often relies on their original meanings within general text; however, due to the multi-lexical nature of words and the various fields of translation, the meaning can remain intact or slightly shift Skilled translators recognize this characteristic, allowing them to identify the closest equivalent in the target language (TL) For example, the term "procurement" typically means "purchasing" in general contexts, but in the context of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and procurement law, it specifically refers to "the process of selecting a responsive bidder."
Frocuring Entity’s requirements lo implement packages of the projects on the basis of competition, faimess, transparency, cllicioncy and coonomy It combined functions of purchasing, inventory control, receiving, inspection, store
Keeping, and salvage and disposal operations”
This word means “ddu thdu” in Vietnamese equivalent
LE.g: “These Guidelines govern the relationship between the BANK and the
Borrower, who is responsible for the procurement of goods and services” (Guidelines for procurement under JBIC OIA Loans: 2)
(Các hướng dẫn này quy định mỗi quan hệ giữa Ngân hàng vả bên vay có trách nhiệm đâu thdu hang hoa va dịch vụ }
We realize that there is slight change of meaning when translating this term in spcoilic English with new definition This measure is called recognized stratogy
We continuously analyze single terms which are often used in this area by this method
In Vietnamese, "hop déng" translates to "contract," which retains its meaning in the target language A contract is defined as any written instrument or electronic document that signifies an agreement between two parties to perform work or provide goods, encompassing agreements or orders for the procurement of supplies or services.
“The contract shall state clearly the total amount, or “ceiling”, of fees to be paid to the consultant” (Guidelines for Lhe Employment of Consultants under BIC ODA Loans: 17)
(Tạp đồng sẽ công bể rõ tổng giá trị hợp đồng hoặc “giá trần”, chỉ phí phải trả cho bên tư vấn)
The term "Tt" refers to a noun that signifies a set of proposals aimed at implementing part or all of a project to achieve specific objectives within a defined timeframe and based on designated funding sources, as outlined in procurement law In Vietnamese, it translates to "dự án." Translators are advised to adhere to the original meaning of the term to avoid confusion during the translation process For effective and proper project execution, as mandated by the Loan Agreement, the involvement of a consultant is crucial.
28 employed on projects fmanced by ODA Loans of the BANK clearly possess the necessary competence.” (Guidelines for the Employment of Consultants under
Để thực hiện dự án một cách hiệu quả và hợp lý theo yêu cầu trong Hiệp định vay vốn, các công ty tư vấn được tuyển dụng cho các dự án do Ngân hàng tài trợ cần phải đáp ứng đủ khả năng chuyên môn cần thiết.
The term "bid" in SL has multiple meanings in both general English and specific Hnglish contexts It is understood in three ways: first, as synonymous with "procurement" (ddu than); second, as "the action of participating in the procurement process" (che thaw); and third, as a distinct concept referring to "the set of documents prepared by a bidder in accordance with the requirements of the bidding documents and submitted to the Procuring Entity per the provisions of those documents," which is translated into Vietnamese as "hd so di thâu."
Bids that incorporate alternative designs, materials, completion schedules, and payment terms must have clearly defined criteria for their acceptability and a specified evaluation method.
Các hồ sơ dự thầu cần dựa trên các thiết kế, nguyên vật liệu, tiến độ hoàn thành và các điều khoản thanh toán theo phương án phụ được cho phép Điều này đảm bảo rằng các điều kiện chấp nhận hồ sơ dự thầu và phương pháp đánh giá chúng được nêu rõ.
The term "termination" refers to the act of finishing or completing something in general communication, but in the context of contracts, it specifically means the completion or ending of a contract The Vietnamese phrase "việc chấm dứt hợp đồng" serves as the closest equivalent in this field.
“contract” does nut present im the SL but is still translated in TL and that is a
29 change in the meaning of this torm which is ofl understood in Business
English Terminate is form of verb
The contract must contain a detailed clause outlining the conditions under which either party can terminate the agreement, as well as a clause that specifies the procedures to be followed by the party seeking termination.
(Guidelines for the Employment of Consultants under JBIC ODA Loans: 20)
Hợp đồng phải bao gồm các điều khoản quy định rõ ràng về điều kiện chấm dứt hợp đồng, trong đó nêu rõ tên bên có quyền chấm dứt và các thủ tục mà bên muốn chấm dứt hợp đồng cần tuân theo.
Negotiation is the bargaining process between a buyer and a tenderer, where each party presents their arguments to secure the most favorable contract terms This process is applicable only in certain types of procurement The term is akin to "bargain" or "discussion" in English and "tarung hong" in other languages.
“dam phan” im Vietnamese And “thương thảo” is the most appropriate cquivalont in this vase
.g: “After evaluation of the proposals has been completed, the Borrower shall invite the highest-ranked consultant to enter on negotiations on the conditions
(including costs and fimancial terms) of a contract between them.” (Guidelines for Employment of Consultants under JBIC ODA Loans: 14)
Sau khi đánh giá các đề xuất, Bên Vay sẽ mời công ty tư vấn được xếp hạng cao nhất để thảo luận về các điều kiện hợp đồng, bao gồm các điều khoản liên quan đến chi phí và tài chính giữa hai bên.
Translating terms using a dictionary is straightforward Even when the meanings of terms slightly differ, translators can effectively deduce the best results The table below provides examples of this method.
Expenditure Chi phi, phi tn
Expert Chuyén gia kraud Gian lận
Reimbursable Co thé haan tra
1.2 Terms with suffixes “or”, “ er”, “ee”,
In general English, single words with suffixes “or”, “er”, “ee”, “ant” often refer to person, individual Procurement terms, of course, also indicate the parts
(individuals, organizations) who take part in this activity, when at the end of words plus those suffixes
Bidder is an organization or individual has eligibility in accordance with requirement of the Employer and participle in procurement activities thau” is closest Victnamese equivalent,
