Adverb Clause of ConditionType I: FIRST CONDITIONAL If + Subject + Simple Present tense…+ will can may + [Verb in simple form] If I have money, I will buy a new car.. Main verb in the S
Trang 1EXERCISES – English 12
Basic Level Unit 1- Home Life
I Choose the word which is pronounced or stressed differently from the three others
3 A teacher B chore C children D school
4 A advises B goes C devises D raises
7 A brothers B weekends C secrets D problems
9 A shares B attempts C beliefs D strikes
10 A travels B talks C prepares D believes
11 A hospital B mischievous C supportive D special
12 A family B attractiveness C solution D attempt
13 A confide B caring C obedient D secure
14 A possible B secondary C suitable D comfortable
15 A marriage B biology C security D tradition
II Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets to complete the following sentences
1 The first train (leave) _ the station a minute ago but the second (just, leave) the station
2 _ you (finish) _ (cook) yet?
3 Andrea (do) her homework when the phone (ring) _ But she (not answer) _ the phone and (let) _ it (ring)
4 My uncle (be) to many countries in Europe
5 John (wash) _ his hands now He (repair) _ his motorbike for hours
6 _ he (watch) _TV at seven at home last night?
7 My mother (clean) _ three rooms There are two left
8 I (go) _ there once a long time ago and I (not, be) _ back since
9 When Carol (call) _ last night, I (watch) _ my favorite program on TV
10 Sam (try) to change a light bulb when he (slip) _ and (fall) _
III Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets to complete the following passage.
I (go) 1. _ to Germany with my parents for a holiday a couple of years ago And it (be) 2. while we were there that I met Sonya She was Swedish and the same age as me We (have) 3. _ a great time together and when the holiday (come) 4 _ to an end, we (decide) 5 _ we would keep in touch and she would come to South Africa at Christmas We wrote, e-mailed, and (telephone) 6 _ each other, sometimes two or three times a day I(miss) 7. _ her dreadfully and the three moths until Christmas (seem) 8. _ ages away
I guess it must have been some time during November when I (not, hear) 9 from her for a couple of days I (ring) 10 her home and in the end her mother answered the phone She said Sonya (not, want) 11 to speak to me as she (be) 12 _ busy I (not, believe) 13 her so I (write) 14 a long letter asking her to explain what (go) 15 _ on I never heard back and of course she never came to South Africa I still think about her and wonder what she is doing
Trang 2- The student who sits next to me is from China
- The student that sits next to me is from China
OBJECT PRONOUNS
who(m), which, that
I liked the woman I met her at the party last night
- I liked the woman who(m) I met at the party last night
- I liked the woman that I met at the party last night
- I liked the woman ∅ I met at the party last night
OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION
who(m), that, ∅
The man was very kind I talked to him yesterday
- The man to who(m) I talked yesterday is very kind
- The man who(m) I talked to yesterday is very kind
- The man that I talked to yesterday is very kind
- The man ∅ I talked to yesterday is very kind
POSSESSIVE
Whose
I know the boy His bicycle was stolen
- I know the boy whose bicycle was stolen
I have a chair One leg of which is broken
- I have a chair whose one leg is broken
EXAMPLE
Use the following sets of words and phrases to write complete sentences
I want / speak / person / deals with / my account
Dr Doran / secretary / resign / two weeks ago / have / had / do all / own typing
2 With WHERE, WHEN
where = in which The building is very old He lives there.
The building in which he lives is very old.
The building where he lives is very old
when = on which / at which
I’ll never forget the day I met you then. I’ll never forget the day when I met you.
I’ll never forget on which I met you.
EXAMPLE
Use the following sets of words and phrases to write complete sentences
I / work / full-time / days / I / not / have classes
beach / be / place / I / like most / be / summer
Trang 3B Noun clauses
That he will succeed is certain
What I need is a good long holiday
He said (that) he was glad of your success
Experts agree that women learn languages more easily than men (do)
3) SUBJECT + VERB + ADJECTIVE + NOUN CLAUSE
I was sure that I had left my keys on the counter
It is necessary that all citizens comply with the new restrictions
EXAMPLE
Use the following sets of words and phrases to write complete sentences
What / annoy / me / way / he / boast / what / he / done
1 Adverb Clause of Time
CLAUSE + as soon as, just as, since, whenever when, until, while, before, after, + CLAUSE
My children had gone to bed when I came home
I won’t believe you until I’ve seen it for myself
2 Adverb Clause of Place
We go fishing where we can find a lake
He slept wherever he could find a hotel
Trang 43 Adverb Clause of Condition
Type I: FIRST CONDITIONAL
If + Subject + Simple Present tense…+ will can
may + [Verb in simple form]
If I have money, I will buy a new car
If I see him at the meeting, I’ll give him your message
Note:
unless = if not
It you don't come now, I am going to leave without you
= Unless you come now, I’m going to leave without you
Type II: SECOND CONDITIONAL
If + Subject + Simple Past tense…+ would could
might + [Verb in simple form]
If we caught the early train, we’d get there by lunch
If I were to win the lottery, I’d buy another house
Type III: THIRD CONDITIONAL
If + Subject + Past Perfect tense , S+ would could
might have + [Verb in past participle]
If we had known that you were there, we would have written you a letter
If she had worked harder, she would have passed the exams
4 Adverb Clause of Manner
He acts as if he were very sad
The house was in such a mess - it looked as though a bomb had dropped on it
5 Adverb Clause of Comparison
Trang 5CLAUSE + -er….than, as….as,
The climate is not as bad as it would be
Is the world a safer place than it was a year ago?
6 Adverb Clause of Reason
I couldn’t phone you because I hadn’t got your number
You should talk to Karen since she’s the one responsible for authorizing payments
7 Adverb Clause of Result
CLAUSE + such (a/an) + noun + that so + adj (adv.) + that + CLAUSE
New textbooks are so expensive that many students buy used ones
He speaks to me in such a way that I always feel he is insulting me
8 Adverb Clause of Purpose
We planned for a long time so that we had a good trip
Regular checks are required in order that safety standards are maintained
9 Adverb Clause of Concession
CLAUSE + though, although, even though + CLAUSE
He bought the tickets although the price was high
Even though I have a master’s degree in business administration, I can’t fill out my tax form
The examination / be / easy / than / we / expect
Trang 6 We have / such / hard homework / I always / need / help
Trang 7SEQUENCES OF TENSES
A Main verb in the Simple Present
If the main clause is then the dependent clause can be
Simple Present
(1) Present Progressive (2) will, can, or may + verb (3) Simple Past
(4) Present Perfect
(1)I see that Harriet is writing her composition.
Do you know who is riding the bicycle?
(2)He says that he will look for a job next week.
I know that she is going to win that prize.
Mary says that she can play the piano.
(3) I hope he arrived safely.
They think he was here last night.
(4)He tells us that he has been to the mountains before.
We know that you have spoken with Mike about the party.
B Main verb in the simple past
If the main clause is then the dependent clause can be
Simple Past (1) Past Progressive or Simple Past (2) would, could, or might + verb
(3) Past Perfect
(1)I gave the package to my sister when she visited us last week.
Mike visited the Prado Art Museum while he was studying in
Madrid
(2)He said that he would look for a job next week.
Mary said that she could play piano.
(3) I hoped he had arrived safely.
They thought he had been here last night.
Trang 8GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
1 Verbs that are always followed by the infinitive
I decided to write a research essay
I work hard and I think I deserve to be well paid
Peter wished he’d never promised to help them
2 Verbs that are always followed by the gerund
suggest
She enjoys running for competition
Where possible, we have avoided using technical terms
I appreciated hearing from them
I can't help worrying about it
3 Verbs + preposition followed by the gerund
approve of count on depend on give up insist on keep onrely on succeed in look forward to object to
I object to paying so much for milk
His wife finally persuaded him to give up smoking
4 Adjectives + preposition followed by the gerund
accustomed to afraid of capable of fond of intent oninterested in successful in tired of
I was afraid of losing my way
5 Adjectives followed by the infinitive
Trang 9pleased strange dangerous prepared usual difficult
She’s upstairs getting ready to go out
I’m not prepared to listen to excuses
6 Verb + Noun/Pronoun followed by the infinitive
require
I taught him to swim
They did not permit us to enter the area during the investigation
They tried to convince him to buy a cheaper car
My uncle is going to teach me to drive this summer
7 Gerund or Infinitive
Here are verbs that can take either a gerund or infinitive However, some of them can be followed by either a gerund or an infinitive with
a difference in meaning
begin can't stand remember* forget* start stop*
He began shouting abuse at them
Suddenly the rain began to fall
I prefer walking to riding (In general)
Let's take a bus No, I prefer to walk (On a particular occasion )
I like eating apples (In general)
Trang 10I'd like to eat an apple now (At the moment)
He stopped talking (He didn't talk any more.)
He stopped to talk (He stopped doing something in
order to talk.)
Remember to come tomorrow (Future action)
I remember hearing this song before (Past event)
He forgot to write a letter to me (He didn't remember.)
I shall never forget seeing the zoo for the first time
(Forget: no longer have the memory of)
He'll try to meet us at 4 o'clock (try: make an attempt)
Try cleaning it with petrol (try: make an experiment of)
EXAMPLE Use the following sets of words and phrases to write complete sentences
Mary / learn / swim / when / she / very young
I / really / looking forward to / work / with / you
Trang 11SENTENCE TRANSFORMATIONStructure 1
• She’s a better tennis player than I am
I don’t play tennis as well as she does
• Britain isn’t as warm as Greece
Greece is warmer than Britain
EXAMPLE
Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same
as the sentence printed before it
• They don’t speak as fluently as we do
We speak ………
• No other city in Vietnam is so large as Ho Chi Minh city
Ho Chi Minh city ………
Structure 2.
a)
•This song is simple enough for all of us to sing
This song is so simple that all of us can sing it
• Richard is tall enough to change light bulbs in some rooms without
having to stand on a chair
Richard is ………
b)
Trang 12
• The house was so expensive that my brother couldn't buy it.
The house was too expensive for my brother to buy
• It’s wonderful to lie on the beach all day
To lie on the beach all day is wonderful
EXAMPLE
Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same
as the sentence printed before it
• It’s difficult to understand what she’s talking about
Ex: • I advise you not to see her again
You’d better not see her again
• You’d better think carefully before accepting the offer
I advise you to think carefully before accepting the offer
Trang 13
• He’d rather watch TV than go out to the cinema
He prefers watching TV to going out to the cinema
• Jane would prefer to go to class tomorrow than today
Jane would rather………
Structure 6.
• He started working here three years ago
He has worked here for three years
• I can't see the play because it is sold out
If the play were not sold out, I could see it
• We didn't go on holiday because we didn’t have enough money
If we had had enough money we would have gone on holiday
EXAMPLE
Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same
as the sentence printed before it
• My brother didn't buy that car because he didn't have enough money
If my brother………
Trang 14• He smokes too much; perhaps that's why he can't get rid of his cough If he didn’t smoke………
Structure 8.
• She said, "The school opened a year ago."
She said the school had opened a year ago
• 'You must wear a tie,' the teacher said
The teacher told him he had to wear a tie
Simple Future (will + v)
Future Perfect (will have + v)
Present Conditional (would + v)
Simple Past Past ProgressivePast PerfectPast Perfect **
Past Perfect ProgressivePresent Conditional (would + v)Perfect Conditional (would have +v)Perfect Conditional (would have + v)
• Changes in time and place
Direct speech Indirect speech
the day after tomorrow
last week / year, etc
next week/year, etc
a year ago
these
come here
that daythat night the day before / earlier two days before
the next / following day
in two days’ timethe previous week/year, etcthe following week/year, etcthe previous year/ a year beforethose
go there a)
• The teacher said to us: “Did you understand my instructions?”
The teacher asked us if (whether) we had understood his instructions
Trang 15• I said to her: “What do you mean?”
I asked her what she meant
• He said to me: “Don’t believe everything she says”
He told me not to believe everything she said
• The teacher said to his student, "Don't be late tomorrow."
The teacher told………
Trang 16Structure 9
• You will be late for dinner if you don’t hurry
You will be late for dinner unless you hurry
EXAMPLE
Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it
• If you keep adding salt, you’ll spoil the dinner
Unless you top………
• If it doesn’t rain soon, a lot of our crops will be lost
Unless it rains ………
Structure 10.
• My wife can't speak French
I wish my wife could speak French
• What a pity you failed your driving test
I wish you hadn't failed your driving test
Present Simple: IS/ARE + PAST PARTICIPLE
Past Simple: WAS/ WERE + PAST PARTICIPLE
Present perfect: HAS BEEN /HAVE BEEN + PAST PARTICIPLE
• Another doctor examined him yesterday
He was examined by another doctor yesterday
EXAMPLE
Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it
Trang 17• The police arrested two hundred people.
Two hundred people………
• The secretary has just finished the report
The report………
Present continuous: IS/ARE + BEING + PAST PARTICIPLE
Past continuous: WAS/WERE + BEING PAST PARTICIPLE
• Someone is interviewing Dr Johnson at the moment
Dr Johnson is being interviewed at the moment
• I’ll have my sister wash the car
I'll have the car washed
• George got a friend type all of his papers
George got all of his papers typed
EXAMPLE
Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same
as the sentence printed before it
• I’m going to have the barber cut my hair tomorrow
I’m going to………
• We’ll probably have someone paint our house next month
We’ll………
Structure 13.
Trang 18• Though he was inexperienced, he got a good salary
Despite his inexperience, he got a good salary
• Although he was not guilty, they executed him
In spite of his innocence, they executed him
• Because she behaves well, everybody loves her
Because of her good behavior, everybody loves her
• We wrote the letter in 2 hours
It took us two hours to write the letter
Trang 19• Mary couldn’t speak until she was five.
It was not until Mary was five that she could speak
EXAMPLE
Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same
as the sentence printed before it
• I didn't know how to use a computer until I was ten
It was not………
• The noise did not stop until after midnight
It was not………
Structure 17.
• I haven’t seen her for three weeks
It’s three weeks since I last saw her
• Did they all enjoy the party last night?
Do you know whether they all enjoyed the party last night?
EXAMPLE
Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same
as the sentence printed before it
• Do you agree with the comments I made about public transport?
Could you………
• Must we be here by six or can we come a little later?
We’d………
Trang 20b) WH-Questions
• Where can I get something to drink?
Do you know where I could get something to drink?
• As it is hotter, I feel more miserable
The hotter it is, the more miserable I feel
Trang 21Structure 21.
• When I was a child, my father always read me a story at night before bedtime When I was a child my father used to read me a story at night before bedtime
• My Aunt Susan always gave me a big kiss and pinch my cheek
when she came to my house
My Aunt………
Structure 22.
• John is accustomed to swimming every day
John is used to swimming every day
• He does not have a pen, and he does not have paper
He has neither a pen nor paper
EXAMPLE
Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it
• John is not going to the beach today and his friends are not going to
the beach today
Neither John………
• You can have tea, or you can have coffee
You can………
Structure 24.
Trang 22• Both oil and coal are irreplaceable natural resources
Not only oil but also coal is an irreplaceable resource
EXAMPLE
Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it
• Both the library and the bookstore don’t have the book I need
Neither the library… ………
• He writes not only correctly but also neatly
He writes………
Structure 25.
• He has now recovered from his injury and can drive again
He has now recovered from his injury and is able to drive again
• She couldn't skate because of her foot problem
She wasn't able to skate because of her foot problem
• After six months, Jenny could play the violin quite well
After six months, Jenny was able to play the violin quite well
EXAMPLE
Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same
as the sentence printed before it
• The man could draw on the support of over 20,000 troops
The man ………
• Until you can repay some of your present debt, we cannot lend you
any more money
Until you………
Structure 26.
• Could we use our dictionaries?
Do you mind if I use our dictionaries?
• Can he come to class with me next week?
Do you mind if he comes to class with me next week?
• May I register for the examination tomorrow?
Do you mind if I register for the examination tomorrow?
EXAMPLE